Organelles of the Cell

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Packet #11Chapter #3

Introduction

Organelles are specific structures, found within cells, with specific functions.

This packet investigates the different types of organelles and their functions.

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ORGANELLES OF THE CELLCell Structure & Function

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Cell Structure and Function I

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Chromatin The complex of DNA and

histome proteins which make up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells

Chromosomes Long threadlike

association of genes composed of chromatin and found inside the nucleus of the cell

Nucleolus The region of the

eukaryotic nucleus that is engaged in ribosome synthesis

Cell Structure and Function II

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Nucleus Structure Contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic

library Nucleus Function

In eukaryotic cells, this is a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material

Acts as the control center for the cell

Produce ribosomes and RNA* Play an essential role in cell division

Nuclear Envelope Surrounds the nucleus Contains nuclear pores

Allow things in and out of the nucleus

Cell Structure and Function III

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions in the synthesis and

transport of proteins This is where we find ribosomes

and why they look “rough” Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum Functions in the synthesis and

transport of lipids There are no bound organelles

—that is why they look so smooth

Ribosomes Cytoplasmic organelle that is

the site for protein synthesis Small complex particles

consisting of proteins and RNA

Cell Structure and Function IV

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Golgi Apparatus Stack of membranous sacs Packages and distributes

lipids and proteins that form in the ER

If we have time we will have a closer look at this process

Something inportant—know the ends and structure Cis—entry; Trans—exit—People

always forget this Vesicles enter and leave here

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes

that degrades the cell and other malfunctioning organelles

Cell Structure and Function IV

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Peroxisome Contains enzymes that

carry out redox reactions and is key in detoxification of drunks

Mitochondria Location for energy

production ATP

Filaments

Cells are composed of filaments Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate

filaments Details to come in AP

Biology

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Other Important Features in the Cell

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Chloroplasts In plant cells

Used in photosynthesis

The Plasma Membrane

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Components of the Plasma Membrane

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Functions of Proteins Within the Plasma Membrane

Transport Enzymatic activity Signal Transduction Cell to Cell Recognition Intercellular Joining Attachment to the

cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix

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Fluidity of the Plasma Membrane

Two reasons for the membrane to be more/less fluid Saturated vs.

Unsaturated phospholipid tails

Cholesterol

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Animal Cell

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Plant Cell

Review

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