Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

SITRA e -Techletter...News during the last two months

PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPTS...1

INSIDE THIS ISSUE...

KNOW YOUR INSTRUMENT.....7

TRAINING PROGRAMMES....9

TECH NOTES....4

PAPER REVIEW....10

STAFF CONTRIBUTIONS....11

Order Now E-mail Me Tell a Friend

CONSULTANCY OFFERED.....3

Market Performance Evaluation Index (MPEI) (April 2013 – September 2017)

To substantiate the fluctuations/volatility in the commercial efficiency, SITRA has developed an index called “MPEI” which clearly portrays the commercial efficiency of the cotton spinning industry. MPEI is an arithmetic index that is derived having April 2013 as the base month and the base index set to 100 for that month. The calculation of MPEI is based on the average net out-put value [yarn selling price – raw material cost] in terms of Rs per kg of yarn for the 12 popular counts (40s K, 40s C, 60s C, 80s C, 40s C-Comp., 50s C-Comp., 60s C-Comp., 80s C-Comp., 100s C-Comp., 30s CH, 30s CH-Ex. and 40s CH).

The trend in the movement of MPEI for the past 54 months (i.e. from April 2013 – September 2017) is shown in Figure 1.

PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPTS

Figure 1 Market Performance Evaluation Index (MPEI)

50

75

100

125

Ap

r.1

3

Oct

.

Ap

r.1

4

Oct

.

Ap

r.1

5

Oct

.

Ap

r.1

6

Oct

.16

Ap

r.1

7

Month and year (2013-17)

MP

EI(M

arke

tP

erfo

rman

ceEv

alu

atio

nIn

dex

)

10

09

3

93

87

93

86

77 8

0

85

81

72

85

79 8

2

72

70

82

86

71

66

Sep

t.17

Page 2

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPTS

Based on the above figure, a trend analysis in the commercial efficiency of cotton yarns has been discussed below in detail. The MPEI table as given in Figure 1 shows that the commercial performance is witnessing a downtrend with fluctuations since April 2013. Initially in December 2013, the MPEI started to recover from the down trend for only up to three months. However in the next consecutive 7 months, it started to decline at a uniform rate and had reached to the bottom level of 77 in September 2014. Since then, the MPEI was found to hover between 78 and 85 for up to March 2015.

The next financial year (2015-16) had started with an MPEI of 85 in April 2015 during which the YSP index (YSPI) was low at 88, whereas the RMC index (RMCI) was also low at 92 (Figure 2). A level of consistency was noticed in the commercial performance in a few months only during 2015-16. However in March 2016, the MPEI had again faced a down trend at 75 owing to reduced yarn selling price (YSPI: 85) and increase in the raw material cost (RMCI: 96) when compared with the previous months.

The year 2016-17 remained more volatile during which the raw material cost had witnessed a tremendous increase (RMCI: up to 116), whereas the yarn selling price did not follow the proportionate increase (YSPI: up to 99).

In the current year, MPEI had started with a value of 86 in April 2017. In this month, the YSP index was marginally high at 102 whereas in the subsequent months, it started to decline consistently and had reached to the low value of 92 in September 2017. On the other hand, the RMC index continued to remain almost at the high level during the past 6 months (RMCI: 115 to 121). In September 2017, the RMC index was high at 118 whereas YSP index was low at 92 due to which the MPEI had recorded its lowest value of 66 in September 2017.

The trend in the movement of the yarn selling price and raw material cost indices for the 12 popular counts during the past 54 months (i.e. from April 2013 – September 2017) is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Yarn selling price index (YSPI) and Raw material cost index (RMCI)

Month and year (2013-17)

RMC Index

50

75

100

125

Ap

r.1

3

Oct

.

Ap

r.1

4

Oct

.

Ap

r.1

5

Oct

.

Ap

r.1

6

Oct

.16

Ap

r.1

7

Sep

t.1

7

YSP Index

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

Page 3

PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPTS

The above figure shows that the yarn selling price index falls short of the raw material cost in all the months which means that the yarn selling price is not in line with the fluctuations in the raw material cost. The count-wise movement of yarn selling price and raw material cost for warp, hosiery and compact yarns is shown in Figures 4a and 5c.

During the end of 2013-14, the raw material cost index was 18% higher than the reference month (RMCI: 118) whereas the yarn selling price index had witnessed only 4% increase (YSPI: 104). This wide difference continued till November 2014 and since then, the gap was maintained at a minimum level for up to January 2016. However from February 2016, the gap between RMC and YSP index started increasing phenomenally and in September 2017, there was an alarmingly wide gap where the raw material cost was 18% higher (RMCI: 118) and the yarn selling price was 8% lower (YSPI: 92) than the reference month.

The commercial efficiencies of cotton yarn manufacturing were found to follow a negative trend during the past 4 years which is mainly because of the escalations and fluctuations in the raw material cost. Yarn selling price on the other hand did not follow a proportionate change, resulting in the reduction of net out-put values.

Now-a-days most of the mills have an efficient marketing team which ensures that their yarns fetch a high yarn selling price (or) procure raw material at cheaper costs (or) both. Nevertheless, with mills not having any control over the prices of raw material or yarns, it is imperative that they focus on adding value to their yarns by adopting better control of their operational parameters. This would help them achieve better realisation, and thus better net profits.

. J.Sreenivasan

Liaison & Consultation Division

CONSULTANCIES OFFERED BY SITRA

S. no.

Nature of consultancy service

no. of services offered

1 7

2

1

1

1

1

3

3

4

6

5

7

Fabric costing study

Machinery valuation

1

Energy audit

ACS for Humidification plants and compressors

Besides the above consultancy studies, SITRA also carried out tested 341 accessory samples and

calibrated 64 instruments.

19 Liaison visits, 64 NHDC inspection works, 5 JIT inspections, 2 Monthly inter-mill surveys, 4 UKG conversion factor studies and also

Water consumption and time study of soft flow dyeing machines

Assessment of laboratories for NABL accreditation purpose

Technical troubleshooting at processing mills

Page 4

TECH NOTES

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

Effect of cotton fibre hooks and draw frame passages on evenness and tensile characteristics of Rotor spun yarns

1. Introduction

New spinning technologies introduced in the late sixties and early seventies have opened up new avenues for the manufacture of yarns in various counts ranging from coarser to finer varieties with both the natural and man-made blends. The limitations imposed by the ring spinning technology have led to the development of new spinning systems in the textile industry. However, only rotor spinning systems has sustained and established itself as a worthy alternative to ring spinning, especially in the coarser counts, due to its high productivity and amenability for automation. SITRA has conducted a number of studies in the rotor spinning of cotton and manmade fibers. Other research studies in rotor spinning have dealt with the yarn quality, structure of the yarn, its relationship with the fabric properties, etc. Many studies have been conducted on the influence of fiber hooks and the draw frame passages on yarn quality in ring spinning system. However, studies related to the influence of fiber hooks on rotor spinning is limited. In general, one drawing passage after carding process is given for the manufacture of carded rotor yarns.

This article deals with the influence of fiber hooks on three draw frame passages, on the rotor yarn quality. In general, fiber hooks in the sliver and yarn is determined by using tracer fiber technique which is done by introducing dyed fibers in the feed material along with the normal fibers. Tex Techno has developed a specialized instrument named Length Control Tester (LCT) which measures the fiber hooks in the sliver material along with the other length related properties.

2. Principle of LCT

The instrument (LCT) is an objective and fully automatic measurement which works on modified fibro graph principle. An optical sensor measures the fiber mass with reference to the distance to the clamp. Fiber hooks is determined by the number of head and tail fiber hooks in a card sliver which is related to the fiber parallelism in the sliver. With these results, the number of doublings, draft and number of drawing passages can be optimized.

3. Fiber Hooks

In card sliver, majority of the fibres have one or both of their ends folded over in the form of a hook, and there are approximately twice as many trailing hooks as leading hooks. This reduces the actual fiber lengths and affect the yarn quality. Drafting tends to straighten the fibres and remove the hooks in the sliver.

4. Materials and Methods

Ne 24 carded count was produced in Auto Coro rotor spinning machine from 100% virgin cotton. The carded sliver material was given three passages in a non auto leveler draw frame . The sliver hank, number of doublings and the delivery speed of the machine are maintained as 0.10Ne, six and 220m/min respectively. In the spinning process, the rotor diameter, rotor speed , opening roller speed and twist per meter (tpm) were maintained at 33mm, 90000 rpm & 8500 rpm respectively Sliver samples of carding and drawing are tested for Unevenness (U%). In addition, the slivers were also tested for fiberhooks configuration and cohesion of fibers in (LCT & Zwick instruments). Yarn samples are produced from I, II & III passage draw frame slivers. The yarn quality attributes like unevenness, imperfections, actual count, CV% of count, single yarn tenacity/elongation and lea strength were evaluated.

Page 5

TECH NOTES

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

The major fiber quality attributes of the cotton used are given in Table 1.

Table 1 Quality attributes of raw cotton 4.1. Results and Discussions

(a) LCT Test results of carding and draw frame sliversThe test results of fiber hooks in card and draw frame slivers of I,II& III passages measured in Tex Techno length control tester (LCT), are shown in Table 2.

.From the test results in Table 2, it is observed that the hooks are preferentially reduced to the extent of 48%, 83% & 91% in I, II & III passages of draw frame sliver as compared to the hooks present in the carding sliver. It is attributed to the better fiber parallelization in the draw frame roller drafting. The

Table 2 LCT Test results of carding and draw frame slivers

improvement in the fiber hooks directly improves the fiber extent in the sliver as observed in the Upper length (mm). Staple gradient refers to the steepness of the staple diagram graph and it is equal to the uniformity ratio measured in HVI. Lower value of the staple gradient, indicates lower uniformity ratio due to higher fiber damages. Staple gradient of all the three drawframe passages show improvement to an extent of 1.8%, 4.3 % & 3.9%. as compared to the carded sliver.

It is also observed that there is a good improvement in staple gradient (%) in all the three draw frame passages. This is reflected in the improvement in short fiber content% in I&II passages. However, there is no significant improvement in the III passage sliver as compared to the II passage.

(b) Unevenness (U%) and Cohesive force of slivers.

The unevenness (U%) and the cohesive force of the carding, draw frame slivers is shown in Table 3.From the Table 3, it is observed that the U% of all the 3 draw frame passages do not show any significant difference.

Table 3 Unevenness (U%) and fiber cohesive force

However, the cohesive force of III passage draw frame sliver is comparatively less as compared to the I & II passage slivers. It is attributed to the reduced frictional contact between the fibers due to over-stretching of the fibers during the III passage drafting.

(c ) Yarn test results Yarn Irregularity

The yarn quality attributes like evenness results for the three draw frame passages are shown in the Table 3.

Fibre quality attributes

Mean values

2.5 % Span Length (mm)

24.54

Micronaire (ìg/inch)

4.46

Uniformity ratio (%)

49.2

Bundle strength (g/tex) 20.8

Fibre elongation % 6.0Sl.

noLCT Parameters

Carding

sliver

Drawing passages

I

II

III

1 Upper length (mm)

23.14

24.01

25.03 25.05

2 Fibre hooks%

9.0

4.7

1.5

0.8

3 Short fibre content (%) 27.0 24.0 15.6 16.0

4 Staple gradient (%) 43.2 44.0 45.1 44.9

S.

No.

Property Carded

sliver

Draw frame sliver

I

II III

1

Unevenness (U%)

5.5

4.0

4.2 4.3

2 Cohesive force (mgf/tex) 20.5 10.45 9.7 6.87

Page 6

TECH NOTES

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

Table 4 Yarn unevenness and Hairiness of Ne 24 rotor yarnsFrom the test results on Table 4 it is observed that was an improvement in the yarn imperfection level by around 33% by increasing the number of draw frame passages from I to II and by 43% by increaseing it from I to III passages. A similar trend is observed in extra sensitive imperfections also. It may be due to the removal of hooks and fiber parallelization in successive draw frame passages. However, no significant difference is observed in the Unevenness (U%) between the three yarn samples. Hairiness of the yarns produced from II & III passage drawing sliver samples show a reduction of 15% & 12% as compared to the I passage drawframe sliver processed rotor yarns. It may be attributed to the fiber parallelization in the draw frame sliver and back doublings in the rotor.

(d) Yarn tensile properties

there

Single yarn tenacity/elongation and lea strength in pounds (lbs) for all the three yarn samples produced out from the three draw frame passage slivers is shown in the Table 4.

Table 4 Tensile properties of 24s OE yarnsFrom Table 4, the strength of the yarn produced from II passage drawing sliver samples shows an improvement of around 18% in CSP as compared to the I passage drawframe sliver processed rotor yarns. However, it is also observed that the CSP of III passage draw frame sliver processed rotor yarns is lower by 9% compared to I passage draw frame sliver, which is significant. The reason for this reduction is attributed to the poor fiber cohesion due to excessive parallelization of fibers in the III passage draw frame sliver. It may be also due to the increase in thin places in the III passage rotor yarns which has caused the problem. No significant difference is observed in the single yarn tenacity (Rkm) between the three draw frame passages of the rotor yarns.

5. Conclusions

§ Number of draw frame passages have a positive impact on the reduction in fiber hooks in the draw frame sliver as the fiber hooks are removed by parallelization with increase in the fiber length.

§ A good improvement in the yarn imperfections is evident in the III passage sliver processed rotor yarns than the I & II passage rotor yarns.

§ No significant difference observed in single yarn tenacity in all the three rotor yarn samples.

Sl.

no Yarn properties

Drawing passages

I II III

1 Unevenness U% 13.40 13.08 13.59

2 Thin (-50%) 96 50 65

3

Thick (+50%)

218

144 121

4

Neps(+280%)

84

74 40

5

Total normal

imperfections/1000 m.

398

268 226

6

Thin

(-40%)

1096

818 855

7

Thick (+35%)

1394

1010 1024

8

Neps(+140%)

5870

5955 4894

9

Total extra sensitive

imperfections/1000m.

8360

7783 6773

10

Hairiness Index(H)

6.37

5.41 5.62

11 Zweigle(S3) 305 248 223

Sl.

no Tensile properties

Drawing passages

I II III

1 Single yarn tenacity Rkm 12.20 12.80 12.72

2

CV%

of Rkm

12.55

10.94 11.52

3

Elongation

%

5.05

5.49 5.28

4

CV%

of elongation

14.70

7.90 8.77

5

Actual count

23.29

23.21 23.90

6

CV%

of count

3.88

1.79 2.54

7

Lea Strength(lbs)

63.38

75.23 66.20

8

Count strength product (CSP)

1480

1746 1586

9 CV% of CSP 16.35 3.37 11.20

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

Page 7

§ A marked reduction in CSP is observed in the yarns processed through III passage draw frames which is due to poor fiber cohesion and over parallelization of the fibers in the draw frame sliver.

§ It is advisable for mills producing rotor spun yarns from virgin cotton of higher fiber length/ synthetic fiber blends may preferably use one additional draw frame passage from the existing single passage for realising on improvement in the yarn quality characteristics. .

D.Jayaraman, M.K.Vittopa and J.SathishSpinning Division

Know Your Instrument

Introduction

The Uster High Volume Instrument 1000 system measures physical fibre characteristics defined by the United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] in its cotton marketing system. The HVI 1000 System offers precise and reliable automated operation with computer controlled calibration and diagnostics. All functions are controlled by dedicated microprocessors, to simplify operation and to provide flexibility in testing parameters.

System ModulesThe HVI 1000 system is housed in two floor-standing cabinets; the larger cabinet contains the Length/Strength Module and the smaller cabinet contains the Micronaire, Colour and Trash Modules.

Length/Strength ModuleIn the Length/Strength module, the Upper Half Mean Length (or) Span Length and associated uniformities are determined. Strength is obtained by measuring the force required to break a cotton sample of known mass. Elongation, which is the average length of distance to which the fibres extend before breaking, is also calculated. The module consists of an automatic sample preparation mechanism, a brushing mechanism, an optical system for measuring length and uniformity, a vacuum system for drawing the fibres into the optical system and a clamping jaw system for measuring strength and elongation.

Micronaire ModuleMicronaire is measured by relating air flow resistance to the specific surface of fibres. An air system is passed through a known mass of fibre confined in a chamber of fixed volume. The pressure differential across the chamber is then related to the specific surface of the fibre to determine the micronaire value for cotton.

Colour and Trash ModuleThe instrument for measuring colour of cotton [lightness and yellowness] is located in the micronaire cabinet. The colour and trash tests are performed simultaneously.

HIGH VOLUME INSTRUMENT

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

Page 8

The colour and trash trays, where the operator places the cotton sample to be measured, are mounted on the tabletop. To measure colour, the system used a xenon flash lamp to illuminate a cotton sample during testing.Lightness and yellowness, the colour components of cotton, are measured as reflected light passes through filters and is deflected by photodiodes.

Lightness is expressed as percent reflectance [%Rd] and Yellowness is expressed in Hunter's scale [+b] values.

These values are converted into the equivalent USDA colour grade codes that are based on the universal standards for grading American Upland and Pima cottons, or a custom standard.

The Trash Module is an automated video image processor that measures the amount of visible leaf or trash in a cotton sample of cotton. The digitized image produces results for three measurements:Trash Area – the percent of the cotton sample viewing area occupied by trash.Trash Count – an indication of the number of trash particles 0.01 inch in diameter or largerLeaf Grade – a code value related to the trash area and particle count.

Know Your Instrument HIGH VOLUME INSTRUMENT

Reports Type of reports : - Individual and summary report- Histrograms- Fibrogram curve- Stress/strain curve- Color chart

Output of ResultsMicronaire: Quality characteristic which is proportional to the fibre finenessMaturity index: Calculated index of the maturityUpper Half Mean Length: Fibre length which is equivalent to the classer's stapleUniformity index: Quality characteristic which is proportional to the variation of the fibre lengthShort Fibre: Measurement of short fibres <0.5 in/12.7 mm

Strength: Fibre strength, measured at the fibre bundleElongation: Fibre elongation, measured at the fibre bundleMoisture: Moisture content of the fibre, measured at the fibre bundleReflectance: Whiteness/grayness of the cotton sample [ranges 40-85]Yellowness: Yellowness of the cotton sample [ranges 4-18]Trash: Trash Area%, Trash Count & Trash Grade

Spinning consistency index: Calculated index of the spinnability of measured sampleStatistics Statistical values: Overall measurement protocol with statistical data of the

results coloumnsMeanStandard DeviationCoefficient of variation CV%99 % confidence rangeMin. ValueMax. Value

SITRA has the above instrument in its laboratory for testing the physical characteristic of cotton fibres.

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

SITRA's 66th International training programme & 38th Management Development Programme

Taining programme on Quality Assurance

Two-day training programme on “Energy Management in Spinning Mills”

Technical awareness programme.

Pre-employment training and retraining programmes for textile workers

INTEGRATED SKILL DEVELOPMENT SCHEME (SITRA – ISDS)

International training is a regular feature of SITRA's training activity since 1974. More than 1700 participants from 67 countries have so far been benefited out of SITRA's expertise in textiles. The participants taking part in such programmes are sponsored by the Ministries of External Affairs and Economic Affairs, Govt. of India, under their sponsoring schemes viz., ITEC (Indian Technical and Economic Co-operation Plan) and Colombo Plan.

The 66th batch of this programme, held during October-November, 2017 was inaugurated by Dr. Prakash Vasudevan, Director, SITRA on 11th October, 2017. Twenty nine participants from 15 different countries, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Nigeria, Oman, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uzbekistan, and Zimbabwe are attending the Programme. Five young executives from India are attending the Management Development Programme which is held concurrently.

At the request from a spinning mill in Mettupalayam, SITRA conducted a two-day training programme for quality control staff of their units. The focus of the programme was to highlight the testing procedures, measurement of various fibre properties, cotton specification in HVI & ICC modes, fibre yarn relationship, etc. Fifteen staff members attended the programme.

Under request from AP Spinning Mills Association (APSMA), Guntur, SITRA conducted a 2 day training programme on the above subject during 9th and 10th September, 2017. Sixty seven electrical engineers from various member units of APSMA participated. Some of the topics covered in the programme included Performane assessment of energy efficiency in electrical system, A holistic approach for PF improvement in a harmonic rich environment, Energ conservation in humidification system, Energy conservation in textile machines, Calculation of UKG adjusted to 40s count, Electrical failures from power quality perspective and Power consumption in different types of yarns.

At the request from a spinning mill in Coimbatore, SITRA conducted a two day training programme for their workers towards sensitizing them on various technical aspects. The topics covered in the programme included present textile scenario, work methods, duties and responsibilities of operatives in mills, etc. Eighty trainees attended the programme in four batches.

One out-station mill availed SITRA's training services for its workers. Forty operatives in the Spinning department were trained in 2 batches. The training programmes were conducted in Kannada.

Under the “Integrated Skill Development Scheme” initiated by the Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, which aims to leverage the strength of institutions like SITRA to augment the resources of the industry for enhancing capabilities for skill development, two outstation mills availed training for their operatives. Totally, 95 operatives were trained in 5 batches in spinning mills for a period of 45 days for the tenting jobs in spinning and autoconer. The training programmes were conducted in Tamil and malayalam.

Page 9

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

PAPER REVIEW

Preparation of UV-resistant PET fibres by direct melt spinning with on-line additionJiang Zhaohui, Guo Zengge, Jia Zhao, Wang Jing, Pu Congcong, Xiao Changfa & Jin JianIndian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, Vol 42, September 2017, pp. 312-317

Recently, the functionalisation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres mainly focuses on in-situ polymerization and melt blending method, and the subsequent spinning methods consisting of chip spinning and direct melt spinning. On the other hand, direct melt spinning is the primary means of fabricating conventional PET fibres, which eliminates chip transportation and saves energy in re-melting process of the chip. Currently, direct melt spinning accounts for about 70% PET capacity in China. Thus, direct melt spinning is the inevitable trend of the development of the fibre industry. Both in-situ polymerization method and melt blending method are utilized to prepare functional fibres as a manner of direct melt spinning. In- situ polymerization direct spinning process, there exists a series of problems such as fewer fibre varieties, inflexible changing varieties, more intermediate material and relatively high cost of production. Nevertheless, direct melt spinning with on-line addition refers to direct addition of functional master batch and components based on the original direct spinning pipeline with auxiliary equipment, which can skillfully solve the above problems. If the technology is successfully promoted, the technical level of direct spinning polyester fibres may be significantly improved.

Similar to other methods, the key point of direct melt spinning with on-line addition is to solve uniform dispersion of inorganic particles in polymer matrix. Dispersion is an operation to reduce non- uniformity of mixture, in which the dispersed phase is refined and distributed. The technological process in these patents can be summed up as follows: functional master batches are squeezed into melt out of extrusion screw, and delivered to spinning box after mixing by efficient static mixer. The author states that, few studies show that the evolution process of dispersed phase morphology depends on melt shear viscosity, shear rate and the size of aggregates. However, these techniques involve static mixers, a dynamic mixer for large-scale industrial production has not been reported.

In the present study, in order to solve the uniform dispersion of inorganic particles and dispersion characterization, the authors explain the manufacturing process of UV-resistant fibres by

direct melt spinning with on-line addition. The author employed the image analysis software with OM images and the dispersion of TiO2 has been quantitatively analyzed. The results were compared with the chip spinning process too. The processing technology of the fibre is listed in Table 1. The pre-oriented yarn (POY) fibres of 135dtex/72fibres (135dtex/72f) and 83dtex/72f were manufactured by direct melt spinning with on-line addition system. The dispersion of TiO2 particles was conducted in virtue of optical microscopy (OM). Tensile testing was performed on an Instron machine model 2343 according to GB/T 14344-2008 (Standard of the Peoples' Republic of China). Prior to tensile testing, the linear density of fibres was determined in accordance with GB/T14343-2008.

When compared with chip spinning fibres, the fibres prepared by direct melt spinning with on-line addition presents better dispersion of inorganic particles and superior mechanical properties. The outcome of this study explains that, when 7wt% master batch is employed, the tenacity of fibres from melt-direct spinning increased by 13.87%, the CV value decreased by 75.19% and the Heywood diameter of TiO2 particles decreased by 13.97%. Further, the UPF values of fabrics made from UV-resistance micro/nano fibres are found much greater than the standard of UV-resistance fabric. According to national standard (GB/T 18830-2009), UPF values of the fabric are found much greater than the standard [UPF>40, T (UVA) <5%].

-Dr. K. H. Prabhu

Parameters Values

Melt conveying Temperature of heat medium 285 -288 oC

Crystallizing & drying

Moisture content

of master batch

≤0.03 g/LDehumidifier dew point

≤-60 oCPre -crystallization temperature

80~100 oCCrystallization time

20~25minDrying air temperature

120~140 oCDrying time

8~10hScrew extruder & mixer

Master batch dosage

5~8%Temperature of screw extruder

260~280 oCRotation speed of mixer 40~70 r/minTemperature of mixer 280~288 oCPressure after melt filter ≥7 MPa

Spinning windingSpinning pack pressure 11 MPaWinding speed 2950 m/min

Table 1- Processing Technology of UV- resistance fibre

Page 10

Sep. - Oct. 2017 No. 1.4

Page 11

13/37, Avinashi Road, Coimbatore Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore - 641 014, Phone: 0422-2574367-9, 4215333, Fax: 0422-2571896, 4215300

E-mail:info@sitra.org.in, Website: www.sitra.org.in

The South India Textile Research Association

STAFF CONTRIBUTIONS

MEETING ATTENDED

Dr. Prakash Vasudevan, Director, SITRA attended a meeting on Medical Device Act recommendations & suggestions on

15.09.2017 at the Bombay Convention & Exhibition Centre, Goregaon (East), Mumbai.

M.Muthukumaran, Head-Textile Engineering & Instrumentation division presented a paper on “Importance of Energy Audit” during a programme on “Promotion of Energy Audit and Conservation of Energy (PEACE)” held on 19.09.2017 at District Industries Centre (DIC), Coimbatore and on 20.09.2017 at District Industries Centre (DIC), Udhagamandalam.

PAPER PRESENTED: