Operation & Monitoring of a Bioreactor Landfill

in Sainte Sophie, Quebec

Second Intercontinental Landfill Research SymposiumAsheville, NCOctober 2002

Key Performance Objectives

• Optimize biological processes to stabilize waste • Accelerate gas generation & evaluate system• Evaluate recirculation system• Accelerate settlement, maximize waste capacity• Find effective & safe operating methods • Identify problems, develop solutions• Compare performance to traditional MSW LF• Communicate findings

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 V22

V44 V45 V46 V47 V48 V49

V64 V65

V50 V51 V52

V66

V53

V67

V23 V24

V54

V68

V25 V26

V55

V27 V28

V56

V69

V29 V30

V57

V31 V32

V58

V71V72

V33 V34

V59

V35 V36

V60

V37 V38

V61

V39 V40

V62

V41 V42

V43

V70 V73

V80

V81 V82 V83 V84 V85 V86

V74 V76

V63

V75V77

2° NIVEAUCONDUITE

VANNE

V58

2° NIVEAUCONDUITE

3° NIVEAUCONDUITE

PEHD DR-11)(existante 150Ø

REFOULEMENTCONDUITE DE

1002

VANNES

V1

V21° NIVEAUCONDUITE

VUE EN PLAN

28

LOCALISATION DES CONDUITESDE RECIRCULATION DU LIXIVIAT

1er, 2ième ET 3ième NIVEAU

BOUCHON

LÉGENDE

DEUXIÈME NIVEAU

PERFORÉE

CONDUITE DE LIXIVIAT

VANNE À POSER

NON PERFORÉEPREMIER NIVEAU

CONDUITE DE LIXIVIATPREMIER NIVEAU

NON PERFORÉE

NON PERFORÉE

CONDUITE DE LIXIVIAT

CONDUITE DE LIXIVIATDEUXIÈME NIVEAUPERFORÉE

CONDUITE DE LIXIVIATTROISIÈME NIVEAU

TROISIÈME NIVEAUPERFORÉE

COURBE DE NIVEAU DURECOUVREMENT FINAL

CONDUITE DE LIXIVIAT

LIMITE DU SITE

TABLEAU DES COORDONNEES

1006

1005

1003

1004

1002

1001

LIGNE DE CONSTRUCTION

VALORISABLESBIORÉACTEUR DE MATIÈRES

L.E.S. DE STE-SOPHIE

STE-SOPHIE LANDFILL

ELEVATION VIEW

J.S.

NOV. 2001

01-860

SETTLEMENT PLATE

WASTE

PLAN VIEW

K.D.

WASTE SURVEY

Phase APhase BPhase C

4 de 4

September 10, 2002 J.S.

NOTED

A

C

B

A-T 2B

A-T3A

A-T0D

A-T0C,6"

A-T0D,6"

C

B

A

A-T0C

A-T1BA-T1A

A-T0BA-T0A

B-T1B

Recirculation &

Gas collection trench

Buried Valve and Cleanout, Gas Wellhead

Liquid Recirculation

• May 10 to Sept 30 = 8.1 million gallons– 260 gpm, 20k to 170k gpd

• One connected pair each day.

• Recirculation target = (2 x trench gravel void space) = 56 gal / ft

• Added 20 to 33 gallons / ton (average)

Leachate Monitoring

• Daily flow recirculated & volume collected• Head on Liner - continuous• Surface observations for seeps (one 1st day)• Monthly samples - each phase LCS & recirculation

manhole– Field: pH, specific cond, temperature– Lab: BOD, COD, heavy metals, ammonia,

nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, phosphates, chloride, potassium, volatile organic acids

Sainte Sophie BioreactorWeekly Volumes Collected & Recirculated - Phase A

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

5/4/02 5/24/02 6/13/02 7/3/02 7/23/02 8/12/02 9/1/02 9/21/02 10/11/02 10/31/02

date

Wee

kly

Lea

chat

e V

olu

me

(m3 )

Collected from Phase A

Recirculated into Phase A

Head-on-liner sensors &

thermistors in the waste

(min, max, avgrecorded daily)

Sainte Sophie Bioreactor Area AHead on Liner Sensors

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

5/1/02

6/1/02

7/1/02

8/1/02

9/1/02

Date

Liq

uid

Dep

th o

n L

iner

, cm

B2 B4 A3

B3 A4 A2

Began Leachate Recirculation

Sainte Sophie Bioreactor Area A - Lift 1 Temperature Sensors( sensor elev 73.5m ) ( 5.3m over liner, 12 m waste above )

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Mar-01

Apr-01

May-01

Jun-01

Jul-01

Aug-01

Sep-01

Oct-01

Nov-01

Dec-01

Jan-02

Feb-02

Mar-02

Apr-02

May-02

Jun-02

Jul-02

Aug-02

Sep-02

Oct-02

Date

Tem

per

atu

re, C

A311 A312A313 B211B212 B213Air Temp

Began Leachate Recirculation

Gas Flow & Quality

• Weekly readings at wellheads & header– Flow, Temp, CH4 CO2 N2 O2

• Surface observations for venting

• Quarterly Gas samples– NMOCs & VOCs (HAPs)

Settlement Plates and Cells

Surveyed monthly

Settlement Monitoring

Ste-Sophie landfill - Part ALift thickness vs time

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0F

eb-0

1

Mar

-01

Apr

-01

May

-01

Jun-

01

Jul-0

1

Aug

-01

Sep

-01

Oct

-01

Nov

-01

Dec

-01

Jan-

02

Feb

-02

Mar

-02

Apr

-02

May

-02

Jun-

02

Jul-0

2

Aug

-02

Sep

-02

Oct

-02

Survey date

Lift

thic

knes

s (m

)lift 1 lift 2 lift 3

Began Leachate Recirculation

Ste-Sophie landfill - Part ALift compression vs time

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40F

eb-0

1

Mar

-01

Apr

-01

May

-01

Jun-

01

Jul-0

1

Aug

-01

Sep

-01

Oct

-01

Nov

-01

Dec

-01

Jan-

02

Feb

-02

Mar

-02

Apr

-02

May

-02

Jun-

02

Jul-0

2

Aug

-02

Sep

-02

Oct

-02

Survey date

Lif

t co

mp

ress

ion

(%)

lift 1 lift 2 lift 3

Began Leachate Recirculation

Sainte Sophie Landfill - Bioreactor Phase AWaste Density

1,500

1,550

1,600

1,650

1,700

1,750

1,800

Feb-

01

Mar

-01

Apr

-01

May

-01

Jun-

01

Jul-0

1

Aug

-01

Sep

-01

Oct

-01

Nov

-01

Dec

-01

Jan-

02

Feb-

02

Mar

-02

Apr

-02

May

-02

Jun-

02

Jul-0

2

Aug

-02

Sep

-02

Oct

-02

Survey date

Was

te D

ensi

ty (p

ound

s / y

ds3 )

Lift 3 Surfaceto Base

Began Leachate Recirculation

Waste Moisture Content

• 15 TDRs at 4 levels, datalogger• volumetric moisture converted to wet

wt. basis• Initial readings = 21 to 31%• Plan to:

– Compare TDR to samples w% – Compare TDR to balance w%– Plot waste density vs. w%– Plot gas flow vs. w%

DAILY AGGREGATE WASTE COMPOSITIONMAY 6-9, 2002

(Based on Manual Sort, Visual Inspection and Scale House Data)

Paper25%

Plastics11%

Food Waste15%

Other Organics12%

Ferrous Metals4%

Non-Ferrous Metals1%

Glass2%

Wood11%

Inert3%

Yard Waste7%

Contaminated Soils7%

Other Special2%

Organic Indicators

Cellulose, Hemi, Lignin for 19 waste components

ORG: Food, wood, yard, other org, paper (9 types)

InORG: Plastics, Fe metals, non-Fe, glass, inert, special (soil)

Estimate for Total Bioreactor (by dry weight)

• cellulose 22% hemi 6% lignin 11%

Operation & Monitoring of a Bioreactor Landfill

in Sainte Sophie, Quebec

Second Intercontinental Landfill Research SymposiumAsheville, NCOctober 2002