veolia’s bioreactor landfill experience - world...

1

NORTH AMERICASOLID WASTE

www.VeoliaES.com

Todd WatermolenVice President Engineering & Compliance

Veolia ES Solid Waste, Inc.

Veolia’s Bioreactor Landfill Experience

Veolia’s World-wide Network of Operating Landfills

Latin America

France

Europe excluding France

Africa - Middle East

Asia

Pacific

6 NHW1 NHW

3 NHW

47 NHW

10 Inert

3 Inert

2 HW

5 HW

North America

6 Inert

21 NHW47 NHW

Inert waste

Non hazardous waste

Hazardous waste

LANDFILLS

Proactiva *

12 NHW

• Proactiva – Joint Venture -Veolia Environnement and FCC

4 HW

1 Inert

1 HW

7 NHW

1 HW

1 Inert

2

NORTH AMERICASOLID WASTE www.VeoliaES.com

Veolia Solid Waste Locations in North America

CollectionTransfer StationLandfill

Veolia Locations

3

Questions? Thank You.

Turning waste into a resource

5


Veolia landfill’s with Bioreactor Technology in North America


Anaerobic Bioreactor

The objective of the Anaerobic Landfill Bioreactor is to accelerate the anaerobic decomposition of waste by providing optimal conditions for microorganisms. The most important variable is achieving an adequate moisture content.

6


SWANA Bioreactor Landfill Definition

Any permitted Subtitle D landfill or landfill cell where liquid or air is

injected in a controlled fashion into the waste mass in order to

accelerate or enhance biostabilization of the waste.


7



8



Typical Bioreactor Landfill with dual purpose liquid distribution and gas collection lines

9



10



11



12



Excavated Waste Moisture Measurements from Well Drilling

13


Veolia Greentree Landfill


―Fully contained, engineered facility.

―Began operations December 1986.

―Total permitted volume = 24,179,800 cubic meters with 16,644,300 M3 of waste in place.

―Waste characteristics >95% MSW.


Site Characteristics

14


―Total permitted waste footprint 936 hectares.

―Current Landfill Gas Management 9,000 M3

per hour.

―Current leachate generation 315,800 liters per day with on site leachate treatment.




Location % MSWAverage

Metric Tons Per Day

Years Operational Cap In Place

Volume of Waste In-

Place (Cubic Meters)

Total Permitted

Volume (Cubic

Meters)

Site One Zone A w/o

Recirculation73 1052 1986-1995

26 acres with clay soil cap completed in 1993

and 20 acres with geomembrane cap completed in 1996

2,713,405 2,826,559

Site One Zone B w/o

Recirculation70 1152 1990 to 2004

13 acres with geomembrane cap on

outside slopes completed 2001and

23.2 Acres with geomembrane cap completed in Dec.

2004

2,924,369 2,924,369

Site One Zone C with

Recirculation75 1152 1990 to 2004

8.3 acres with geomembrane cap completed in Dec.

2004

1,168,293 1,168,293

Site Two Cell 1 83 2994 2000 to 2004

Final Cover over area 12.0 Acres with

geomembrane cap completed in 2004

1,011,143 1,011,143

Site Two Cell 2 86 3175 2001 to 2004

Final Cover over area 7.6 Acres with geomembrane cap completed in 2004

786,584 786,584

Site Two Cell 3 89 3357 2001 to August 2005



725,118 725,118

Site Two Cell 4 89 3901 2001 to September 2005



1,011,307 1,039,920

Site Two Cell 5 92 3992 2/18/2002 to present

Intermediate cover and active filling 1,096,798 1,535,708

15


* Density in Cells 6/7A and 7B/8A were calculated using total tons disposed in both cells combined because tons were not separated accurately during disposal of waste.

1690*ND00Site Two Cell

8B/9A

1690*59.531Site Two Cell 7B/8A

1690*40.62114Site Two Cell 6/7A

148039.61217Site Two Cell 5





1755293134Site One Zone C with Recirculation

161237.31323Site One Zone B w/o Recirculation

95128.0039Site One Zone A

w/o Recirculation

Average Waste Density

In-Place Average Moisture Content

No. of Samples Collected

No. of Gas Wells

Location


• Collection points include gas wells and cleanouts; no gas is being collected thru the leachate recirculation lines at this time.** Cleanouts are not attached to the gas collection system currently.

02--3

(not yet used)4**000Cell 8B/9A

02.9 to 3.4--6

(not yet used)4**10.00Cell 7B/8A

143.72.9 to 3.975.81371455.5606Cell 6/7A

635.02.9 to 4.956.9811752.0911Cell 5

509.51.9 to 5.9

Closed 2005

56.1921254.5674Cell 4

666.41.9 to 5.9

Closed 2005

48.61021354.3632Cell 3

540.42.9 to 6.4

Closed50.51021153.0556Cell 2

607.22.9 to 6.9

Closed56.91211553.5803Cell 1

386.13.4 to 16.9

Closed17.47934

53.8(during 2005)

590(during 2004 to

Sept. 2005)

Zone C with Recirculation

96.73.4 to 16.9

Closed16.1--923

51.3(during 2005)

370(during 2004 to

Sept. 2005)

Zone B w/o Recirculation

210.211.4 to

20.9Closed

19.1--83950.9

(during 2005)

746(during 2004 to

Sept. 2005)

Zone A w/o Recirculation

Cfm per 1 million Cubic

Yards of MSW

Age of Waste

Range in Years

Average cfm per

Collection Points

Leachate Recirculation

Lines

No. of Cleanouts

No. of Gas

Wells

Average Methane Content

Average Gas FlowLocation

16



Veolia ES Greentree LandfillLeachate Generation and Precipitation

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

350

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Year

Annu

al L

each

ate

Gen

erat

ion

(Lite

rs-M

illion

s)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Ann

ual P

reci

pita

tion

(Cen

timet

ers)

Annual Leachate GenerationAnnual Precipitation

17


Veolia ES Greentree Landfill Leachate Recirculation Data

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08

Litre

s/M

onth

Leachate Generated Leachate Recirculated PreTreated Liquids Surface Applied


Veolia ES Greentree Landfill LFG Collection Trend (M3/Min)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Cub

ic M

eter

s pe

r Min

ute

Original Landfill Predicted LFG Collected Expansion Landfill Predicted LFG CollectedTotal Landfill Predicted LFG Collected Original Landfill Actual LFG CollectedExpansion Landfill Actual LFG Collected Total Landfill Actual LFG Collected

18



19


Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill Area – Average Methane Concentration


Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres19.5 Hectares




Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres 19.5 Hectares

20


Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Landfill Gas Flow Concentration

Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Landfill Gas Flow Concentration

Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres 19.5 Hectares


Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Percent of Moisture

Veolia ES Greentree LandfillExpansion Landfill AreaAverage Percent of Moisture

Total Cells 1‐5 Area:48.1 Acres19.5 Hectares

21



22



Veolia Pine Ridge Landfill - Bahamas

— New landfill facility began operating in 2002.

— 300 tons per day, (19 hectares in area). Waste

placed over 7 hectares.

— Primarily MSW with significant C&D due to hurricane

events.

— Approximately 2.0 meters of annual precipitation

with 90% deposited during one forth of the year.


23


Veolia Pine Ridge Landfill - Bahamas

— Fully contained / engineered facility.

— Active gas extraction system initiated 2004.

— Limited leachate treatment options on the island.

— Managing leachate, surface water and landfill gas for

bioreactor landfill.



24



25



26



27


― Fully contained, engineered facility.

― Located 250 km southwest of Sydney.

― Began operations in 2004.

― Mine void, 200 meter depth, 25 million cubic meter volume, 41 hectare surface area.

― Residual municipal solid waste stream with approximately 30% moisture content.

Woodlawn Bioreactor Landfill, New South Wales, Australia



― 0.4 meters of annual precipitation, semi arid environment.

― On site leachate treatment.

― Phased active gas extraction system.

― Surface water infiltration – acid mine drainage.

― H2S gas formation concerns.

Woodlawn Bioreactor Landfill, New South Wales, Australia


28



29



Gas Collection

30



31



― Began operations in 2001, 15 year term (contract)

― Total estimated volume = approx. 15,000,000 cubic meters with 2,800,000 M3 of waste in place (BEA)

― Waste characteristics >95% MSW. Very organic (70% OM) moist waste, 40 – 60% moisture content.

― Total waste footprint, 67 hectares

Borg El Arab, Alexandria Egypt Landfill Experience



― Current Landfill Gas Management began in 2003 and currently operates at 500 M3 per hour.

(This site is operated as part of a Global Waste Management contract. There are now two LFs; the El Hamman LF was constructed for use in the summer months as the Borg El Arab site is located near the coastline (vacation area). The figures provided only pertain to BEA.)


― Began operations in 2001, 15 year term (contract)

― Total estimated volume = approx. 15,000,000 cubic meters with 2,800,000 M3 of waste in place (BEA)



32


― Waste characteristics >95% MSW. Very organic (70% OM) moist waste, 40 – 60% moisture content.

― Total waste footprint, 67 hectares

― Current Landfill Gas Management began in 2003 and currently operates at 500 M3 per hour.

― (This site is operated as part of a Global Waste Management contract. There are now two LFs; the El Hamman LF was constructed for use in the summer months as the Borg El Arab site is located near the coastline (vacation area). The figures provided only pertain to BEA.)




― Current leachate generation approximately 125 M3

per day evacuated from the site to offsite treatment

― <0.2 meters precipitation per year, evaporation 0.18 meters per year.

― Phased landfill gas collection system.

― Progressive vertical wells

― Vertical wells



33


― Enclosed flare

― Advanced monitoring and data storage system installed for CDM compliance

Leachate Treatment

― Leachate evaporator

― Evaporation ponds

― Transport to WWTP




34



― Laogang MSW Landfill Phase 4 is located at the east end of Laogang Town, Nanhui, Shanghai, located approximately 60 km from Shanghai central. It covers an area of 361 hectares. Length is 4200m, width 800m.

― Commenced design and construction: Dec 2003.

― Formal commencement of operations: Dec 2005.

― Ownership: Shanghai Government.


Laogang Landfill, China

35



―Operating entity: Shanghai Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Company, a joint venture between foreign partners (VES & CITIC Pacific) and local partner Shanghai Chengtou. VES brings the design, construction & operational expertise to the Project.

―Concession agreement to the operating entity: Design, construction and operations for 20 years

―Landfilling capacity: 80 million cbm



―Current in-take: 6,300 tpd with majority delivered by barges; less than 10% is delivered by trucks from Nanhui District

―Waste is highly organic and very moist

―Large early gas generation at 3000 cm/hr

―Land and space available well after the 20-year contract

―Landfill gas utilization is accomplished with internal combustion engines (2.5 MW currently)



36


― Land and space available well after the 20-year contract.

― The landfill treats waste from 11 districts of Shanghai.

― It is the largest municipal waste sanitary landfill in China.




Laogang Landfill – Liner system

Double-lined disposal areas

Full QA/QC

37


Laogang Landfill - Tipping Area

Waste characteristics :

>70% organic waste

High moisture content


Projects in China – Laogang Landfill

Leachate TreatmentLTP uses Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) plus SBR biological processes to treat leachate to class 3 standard, plus reduction in ammonia and nitrogen.The effluent is discharged to municipal sewage water treatment plant.Design capacity 1,500 tpd; ultimate capacity 3,000 tpd.Annual rainfall : 1.5m

38


Landfill Gas (LFG) is a good indicator of Bioreactivity.

• Landfill gas generation rates increased by a factor of 3 to 10 times.

• Active LFG system installations are extremely time sensitive due to potential fugitive air emissions.

Macro Data Results on Bioreactor Landfills


Macro Data Results of Bioreactor Landfilling

Waste Characteristics

• Initial MSW moisture contents are highly variable with ranges from 15% to 40% typical.

• MSW moisture contents increased over time and with depth based on insitu measurements.

• Density increases of 20 to 30% have been recorded where bioreactor activities have been performed over a five year time period.

39


All Bioreactor Landfill sites are unique

―Must have engineered containment.

―Waste characteristics must have large amounts of organics.

―Hydrologic conditions (rainfall) and moisture management are a key operating factor.

Summary


All Bioreactor Landfill sites are unique

―Economies of scale play an important role in Industrial / Commercial viability of landfill gas utilization (produce 100% to 500% more gas, what can be done to utilize this energy?)

―On site geology and soils (ability to control infiltration).

―Short term and long term landfill gas control

is key to good operational controls.

Summary

veolia’s bioreactor landfill experience - world...

Documents