COMPARATIVE THE POLYNESIAN DIALECTS. ( .e;-For the Pronunciation, observe the prevailing Continental sonnds of the Vou:els. For exam I The Vowel ~is as the English ~.in me.

" I The Vowel a is as the English ah.

e a in face. c e in met.

The Vowel u is as the English oo. ii Fi:euch u.

The Consonants arc as in English. The Donble Consonant eh, is as eh in church. The Comma ove1· some oft he Conso1'ants inclicatcs a slight nn.•al sound.

The Comm• which separates some of the Vowels represent the break which is peculiar to some of the dialects of Eastc1~1 l'olyne,ia and which is a fr>1~mc11t of the k which i common to many of tlic dialdct .

1\Ia1·qncsan Islands fuciety lsland0 • Sandwich Islands.

139° to 14t0 IV. 148' to 153' 15-l' to 160° W.

Heney Is­l11nds

15;• to ~o·

w. Loi.

Humphrey's Is­hmd.

Navigator's Is­lands.

168' to 173° W.

Savage Island.

169° W. Lon. 19° s. Lat.

Bowditch ls- Friendly Ii;lands laml.

Union Group. 173° to 175° W.

Fiji lands.

178° . Lon. 17° . Lat.

Rotumah.

177° E. Lon. 12° S. Lat.

New Ilcbrides.

169° E. Lon. 20° S. L'lt.

New Hebrides.

169° E. Lon. 19° s. Lat.

New Ilebrides. l'ort Resolution.

New Ilebrides. Dillon's Bny.

Dialect spoken at Dialect spoken at l\ielc, Sandwich Erakor, Sand­

Island, New "·ichlsland, 'cw

Britannia Islancl of l\f. D"Un·ille . Loyalty Group.

Chabrol Is­and, of l\f. D'Urvillc.

Dialect SJJOkcn at Tuaulu on

the 8. E. side of XE'V

OnCl of the l\iarshall, or

Balick IslancJr;

Dinlect spoken bv the

Abo1:i~i ues of New

Hollauil, near

From l\Iarsclen's

l\Ialapn Diction

ary, 1812. J,on. W. Lon. Lon. 7° to 10° S. Lat. J6°tol8° S. Lat. 18°to 20° N. Lat. l 8°to22 ::i Lat.

161~ 4' W. Lon. 10° 28' S. Lat.

Lon. 171°W.Lon. Lou. 9'to ll'S.Lat. 18' to21° S. Lat.

169° 29' E. Lon. 19° 31' s. Lat.

169° l' E. Lon. 18' 49' S. Lat.

Ilebride•. I lcb.-i<les. 168' E. J,Qn. 168' E. Lon. l 7° s. Lat. l 7° s. Lat.

168° E. Lon. 21° s. Lat.

ToyaltyGroup 67° E. Lon. 2t' S. L1tt.

168° E. Lon. 5° N. Lat.

EXOLISH. MAllQlJESAS. TADJTI. IlAWAU. RAROTO. CA, l\L\XAlllJCT.

13° 30' to 14° 30' S. Lat. SA.lfOA. NIUE. TONGA. u. RO TITTL\.. 'EW ZEALAND. .A.NEITEU1\f. :NlU.\.. TANNA . EROMANGA. YATE. V.\Ti:;. NEXGOlill. J.ll"U. CAJ,.J<;DONlA. EHON. ~IOl!l;TOX R \ 1·. JUA.J .. \Y \'.\".

- -------- ------- --------1-----l _______ , ________ - -----1------1 -------1--------1----

Oumati Ra & Mahana La La 1 La La La La I,a'a ~inga Asth Ra Nangesenga Ra l\Jeri Nipminin Rea Al Du 'lhii

;lfahina Ava'e l\fahina l\folmua · 1[1m11na Masina l\lahina 1\[asina 1\fahina Vul!i Ilual Marama Imnohone Marama ;\faukua Itais 1\[arama Atclang Chekole 'lcu .FetU. l~cti'a IIoku mu. 1.Fctu FctU. Fetii FctU. Fctil lulok o Heth t\'hctn Inmoijcuv Fiitu Kurnhiio Mosi llfasoi Un.•ei Uachekole l.atesith Ao Ata Ao Ao Ao Ao Aho Ao Ao Denita gi Aonga Kapua Nnupat Poa Nabiia Takop Rau Ten Jang Icawo u111ao A.ni Ha'i Lani Lnugi Langi L~ngi J..angi Langi Langi Langi Lang Rangi Nohatang Hang Ncni Unpokop Te rang Xsau A.we r ngontm Ua Ua Ua Ua Ua Ua Llia "La Ulm Utha Un Ua Incaupc11t Ua Xesan Nebih Te Ha Us Elc l\'ane

J,ightning Uia Uira Uwila Uiht !Tim rila Uhila "Lila uhilu Lirn 1i a Mere Uira Nawuiuupit Vashiri Maruiipen Turrcpis NRpila Napil ln~i>iclin 8nnck

Thunder l!'ututii Patiri Hckili ~lungungu Fuititiri l!'aititili PakU. le langi Fnititili }'aijijili Kumkt ru Thu Wlrnititili Innunmk;~ Ngulungulu Karuarna Yoara Vittshiri Tfii ·nnc llcn1lriug Wind llfatani llrnta'i ;\fakani Mutungi l\rntangi 1\fntangi l\[atangi l\fntangi llfatungi Thnngi Lang Hau Nimtiujop l\latnngi Matangi Nimctnng 1\Intangi '.N lang Jcngo Enth Ligl1t Mruuna 1\Caramurama l\falamalama Ao l\Calnmalama l\[alarnnlnma 1\Iiima Ao 1\fiim!l. Ranun. '.l'afa Ao Inlak Ao i\fnrarcn Nilnra Ao Alin.t Neren Llihc Darkness PotatuL l'oiri Poelcelc l'ouri l'ouri Potu-iuri Pom·iuri Po :Fukuponri Hu tup to Malisun Po .Nani at Ouri l'itan Nile bokcbat Po l'ong Nn.~hcn 'lhint North Apato'a Akau Miitll Tokelau Vna Li! u Kotin Nanuta lJiitu Ho l\olopi

South Apato'ernu ]{ukulu hem:t Tonga l\falangai Potutonga Thcvtt Tonga Nllritonga Pen KJlothe Enst Tchitin o tc ra IIikina Sn<ne Tokihrn Ifahake Thake Rawhiti Anridjai o un Pula K)lncthn WeRt Tc to'ato'aotern Jfomohnna Sisifo Mnbifohifo Hihifo R.i Hannum Anette o un Pariihu Eak I\,1c Col<l Ann l\laariri Anu Ann llfakariri l\Ia'alili l\fnkalili l\Ia'a lili 1\Iokojia J,ilina l\fatit Makariri Ncyucyu l\Iaka1·ingi Auknie Nitep;;,;t.... l\fakariri l\Ielanr Cheon l\Jt llent V~11 Mnhanahana l:ela i\fa'urni Vc1·ela Ve,-el" l\Iafana Vm·ela llfafana Katak• a Purnalrnn \Vera Niklup Ka1takuua Apanapan Nouou I<ava Chcuchawa z,nn

l\Iountain 111anna ;\[au'a J{uahiui 1\fannga l\Inunga l\founga 1\[oungtt Uluuiy nuii Solo Ma1tnga Lolan Ora 'l'nkuar Numpur M:annga l'eche ll11nauet Lam! .Fcnua .Feuua IIonua Enmi Fmma Fonua }'onua Vanna IIanua "\Vhcnna Inpece Fanua Tana ~emap Fcnu11. Noel Nrnclro ::<am! Onctai One OnCl 'One Oncone Oneone Oncono N1tknn kn Thanthan Kirikiri "auanaving Ono Xbakar Narevm Gunin G1011.i t.3tone Kea 0 fa'i Pohaku Toka l\Ia'a Maka. Maka Vatu lloth Maka I11hat Fatu Knbuir Ninit Etc E1c "\Vatet· Vni \Tai & pape Uni Vai Vai Vai Vai Wn! Voi Wai Imvai Vai Nni 'Nu Fr Tm

Sea ~~~--1.~T~'i~•i~~~~~~_..,l\~f~it~i~~~~~~K~~·~~~---+,.l.JlJ.-~-..-+...1..w.-----_µliLllll.-~~--+i..aJJ.L_~-~~.llJ.lUll.lWl.~---!...J..JIWJL-~~-~~~~aih1,..~~~tl"1F~~~---~~~o~n~n~a~~----+-iI~n~·a::i;.~---~~---+-T;:.;.u~i,,,,.~~~~~'~f;n~s1~·--~---+~1~·a~~~-k~·----+.:~~-~-~..+:~;;;.,.,...~~~-l-~C~h~e~lc::_~~~~-!~~~'-•ngcthc Tree Akau Hnatt Laan Rnhtu La'an Lnkau ~akaa Oi Hakau ncai .a ·au . c1 re ~ urns e1 et Bread Fruit l\lci Dru Ae11ei Kuht Ultt Me Uto l.Jl. Nohoanma Ulu 'cmnr Nemara Nuptmn ·waon Taro Tuo Taro I<alo 'raro Tnlo 'l'alo Talo Turo Ntalo An Taro lntal Taro Xere Tnl Taro Ntal \\'aani Cocoa Nut 1-:ehi ITaari Niu Niu Ni • Niu Niu Niu 'iu Niu Nill Ncing _.rahuai Noki Ono Naniu 'Vanu Yam Buanhi Uhi Uhi Ui Ufi Ufi Ufi Uvi Uk Nuh Ufi Nuk l\'up Gf Nm1I \Yakoko Sugar Cane To 'l'o Ko To Tolo To To Ntovu Thon Ncttoh Toro Xaruk Poria Toro Nnporai \\'aca Banana llfcika Mci'1t Maia llfcka Fa'i Futi IIopa Vundi Per Nohos Fn•i Taik Nobos But'h Xnnr \\Tacth Canoe Vaka Vaa Kau Vaka Vaka Va'a Vaka Vak11. Vaka Wanka 'l'ufang Waka Nelcan Vaka Tf!ta Lo Pagi Hiirn Koc Ship Thepe (<hip) Pa hi Ua'a Pai .l'nhi Vaa papa Jangi Vaka tonga Folau taua Vaka papa langi 'Vanka lent Ahoi Kaipnke "cltau Vak•t ore 'l'ata sore J,o tamas Pongipongi Haru pur J{ocdran l!'i<h Ika ['a Lnwaia Ika lka I'a Ika Ika Ik.a Ika. I'c lka Numu lka Nmnu Nomu Ika Xcik Waie Pig l'uaka Pu:i.'a l'rnlka l'unkn. Pua'a Pirnkn. Puaka. Vuaka Puak Poaka Picad Paka i llnka Nmnpokhasi Puuka Ciik Pnaka Dog- Nuhc Uri Dio l\Inngo Uri Km·i Kori Kam hir, come here! Kuri Kuri Knri Km·i Knri Kuri Kuri Pail.ii ]fowl l\loa l\foa Mann l\fo;t 1\foa ;lfoa Moo 1\foa. Toa Moa Kikaokao lnjii. llloa Lea Netuwa Moa To Titcwc Ant Ko Ro Nonanona Lo Loa T,oi Lo Lo J,o Ngkasikiilolo 'l'u.itui Pokurua Nilupatt Roa l\Iuramura l\loli Mukalakala Maka! Kcdc Rat liioc Jore Iolc ICiore Kiore Imoa Kumii Kimoa Knma Kal1wo Piton. Kfore Inccda ICimoa .Asuk Luk is Kint0a Kn<u Hhelc Fire Ahi Amtl1i Ahi A'i Ahi Afi Ati Afi Afi Bukawu1ga Heh Kapura !neap A.fi .Nap Norn Ali Nkup lei flo11sc Fae Fme llalc Arc Earn Fale .Fnlc ]!'ale l?alc Vale Hi Whare Neom Fare Xiuma Nimo Fare Sa.nm 'l\fa Arrow KonilL Ohc Puapana U Fann ]{aho Ngiisau Fann Nefana Ngasao Kuanknan Nnng,tsau Ngasau Us Bow Pana lfuna Kakaka Aufana Kanfonn KmLfuna Takai I"'°lok.i Ince nefaua Fana Nfan"a J,ifonc Fana Xas Club Akau ton Hruw Nena Lupo Tuki Uatongi Lakau Akau Nnivau Oipclong Nclop Hnkao Neap" Nimm Lakm1 Np11t Spear Pakco 111ahac lhc 'l'uo Tao Tao Tao Tao Tao l\loto Tsao Tao )fopul Tao Nitci Snu Tao Ola Dar Ao Ao Laokoa La Ao Ao Aho Ao Abo Si.nga Tcnmclic Ao Nadiat Nokoao Iran Dan Ao Aliat Night l'o Po & Ru'i l'o Po Po Po Po Po l'ouri Bougi Pong Po Ncpcing Kopo fa1cipe11 P111norok l'o Pon« Great Nui Rahi Nui l\liitn. R.~hi Tele Lnhi Tele Labi Lcvu Tiu Rahi Alupas Sore bod llfoiau Uatoi Tob"' Small Jti lti Uuku Ngiti Iti Jtiiti Toto ltiiti ,Jii Lailai l\[c'ame'a Nohinohi Inhaklin Sisi Anhi Vilok Akalaka Scs Near .Atauta Fatata Kokokc V,titata Epiri Latalnta Tata mni L'ltc mai Ofi Volcka El Tntnta Ubtttpotct [tat.'\ Ipii.ka l'otipot Tata Emultin Distant Memao Tcatea ii Loihiakn 1\Iamao ":\Iumao 1\Iamao l\Iamao J\1amao 1\[amao Ynwa 8ousou pao Tawhiti Jtacaccn Ipai ~upun ltunga ll'Iamao lcruptni Good l\Icitai Uaita'i l\faikai l\fcitaki l~»tmalic Lclci 1\[itaki Lclci J,clei Vinaka Lele Pai pene Rulic Lnnma•an Arc11111i l\larie Jui Bad Pe lno I no Kino Kino l.e;'lnga Kelca Lcanga Km i Tba Rahm Kino Has Esii I.c!nha Itaw lmki Sa faii New llon Opi & hoLt Hou Ou Fou Fou Fou Fou Fatl V u Fo'm1 llou Mat Foll Aui Itevon Fou Ifamn 01<1 Kakiu Tnhito Kahiko Hamiriatu 'I'ahito Tuai l'o[JO Lent Tuai 1\fandrn l\tathua Tawito Jt:u Tuai Tutiii Itctuui Tuai Itui Heel Vcakiki Uruura Ulaula 1\[ulnmula Kukura 1\Iumii Nakuht 1\Iumu Rulakula Dmunduurn l\[ia Kura Cap Emca Arucrii Na,·ilam Kalukaltt Emicl Black Panu Erccrc lJli1di Uliuli Urim·i lJriuri l\lcnauli Urinri Uliuli Loaloa Kcl Mangu Aping Uri l'itm1 UJJOt mi levnng Kclckele Ngot

White l\fnaitil l 'lino Ali1tli 'l'catco. Ten Sinn. inn llina Sina. intt I linel1ina Singa ~ingau J<'i8 Ma Ahi Ken go l'san Nisch1nv Tc Tar 1\[an Ena.ta 1'a.11c ]{<.111uka Tau~tLtu. Tanµ;utn Tangata Tanga.ta Tangntn. 'L1angata Tn1uata 'l'hn. Tnngn.tn. Nittimi 'Tnng"a.ta. ..Are1namn. Nittcmc Tanp;ata XatamOl Womnn Vahinc Vahinc \Vahinc Vuine Vn11iuc FatinCl I<'ifinc Fanno F •fine 'ii.lcwa lfoicn Whahinc lntaknt:c ;~afinc l'cran Na>Il'in l•'afine NamutiI 1\Iulc Aluu111. Oni Kane Tanc Tane Tane Tune T;111 c Taanc TRnganc Thu Tanc Atanrning lane ,\rum an Itnntem1tn Tang-ata Xnnui Female VAhinc l.'fa "'ahine Vaine Vahinc Fafiuc Fifine Fatine Feline Nrdewn Hoicn \Vliahinc Atnhaing Fine l'cnm Itnn.•i1·i11 Fafinc Nnmatu Boy llfahni 'l\1m11. iti Keika krrne Tnrna iti Tama iti Tama Tnm:i Tam:t Tama Kgone tangana Lea lilii Tullla-iti Nadualcp Tama J\11kuna11hi Nntcmu11 Tuma Tcsii Girl Pahoe Tama hinc Kaikama hinc Tan1n inc Tama iti hika Tciuc Tama fifine Teinc 'l'n'ahinc 'goncalc1m Lchuina Tama iti wl1ahinc Nntahaiug Tama fine Pcranaul1i Itnasivin Fafinc rakmka Natilr S"n T1lma Tama iti Kcike kanc 'l'ama Tmna ~\talii Tama tune Ataliki Foha 'aluvcna l,c'c Tama iti Inhal1l\' atamaing Tota riki ;\[ati Xitni Tama Xanot lJaunhter ~loi Tama hinc ICa.ikama binc T11111a ine Tama iti val1ine Afatinc Timm tifiue Afufinc Ofcfino Naluvcua lcwa Ata lc'chaina Tamahinc Inhalav atabai11g Tunfinc Pcrnti Nitoni Tama 'l'csanarnatu Fntl;;.1. lllotna ~Ictua tane 1\lakua knnc l\lcttm tanc l\fotua. tane Tama 1\fatmi Tamii T amai Ttuu Otha l\Intua ~tmau Tamnu ' '11!Ji ltcmi11 Ma Tcmcn

~imtilunp:i

I ;-'------+...._.-..,· t ~f ttua...,....m=-~.fn-1=.,..,..,,,rnn::---H>t-ctnu. TIW.1.-.h:.IL• .... co1M..,.--~----- an. n11 ..... --1-*';;:.;.;;,,_ __ +...,.;....---~~-n1Tl!'l'"llC.. mrii------~11-...i..,...,..nirirm..--j.Jai.1ia-------.;;;;o.il1filifir-.--..... ~tiiip;;;...,_-o;;;;;=l'f+>in ~

Brother 'l'unana & Tunnne Tnnnnc Hoahanau kanc 'l'dnl\ Teirui L""~o & tnnngnrn .. · l\futu .. kcinnnga Tcinn l 'ho & tnongane Tnakarn.1 Sosin:._,ri' Tuakanu. Nntnnuting-iran tlL .A vi11sni

· r..;i,trr Ttl!Ullla & Tuuhinc Ttttlhinc IIoahauan wahine Tnainu Tnahinc Uso & tuufatinc 1\fahnkitanga Tnafaflnc Tuofcfinc Ngane1m Hcngh!ln Tunhiue Natahaing-irn11 l'mi Vil-in U1icf llak1Liki Ha1Ltira & alii Alii Ariki Ariki Alii lid Aliki Eiki Turanga Ngangats Rangatim Natimi ahtpas ,\rumanu Natcmono t[c;l<I Upoko Cpoo Po'o l\limiti UILl Ulu Ju Uln Ulu Ndluna Filou Matcnga Ncpck o un ilttkuane Nnrnpun Hair Ouoho Rouulu Lauoho La.uuh1 Lauuln Laimln Lanulu Lmmlu Lau11!L1 Ndraanulllna Lent l\:fokawo Numri 11idjini11 1\'anuknane N"'·liran l'yc Mata l\fata Maka Mata Mnta Mata l\fata Mata l\fota l\fatn llfath Kanohi cs-nganimtan 1\anime Nipmi Nose lbtt Thu Jim Uutangiu IStl Isu Ilrn lsll lhu Uthuua. Is Ilm Ncli<ljin l'cseng Uarakclang Eiu· Buaina Tari'n. l)cpei ao 1,uringa Taringa 'Tnringa Telinga Talingn. 1'clinga Ndalingru1a .Falinga. Ta_ringa Intikng-an Tarincra 1'i1Creng 11ilcnp:unt J\Iouth Fa fa Vnha Nukn Ngutu Ngutu Ngutn Ngutu Ngutu Ng1ttLt Ngusuna Nuts Ngutu Nipjincucscn 'I'>tng.';'t;u Naukua Nal'ntll Teeth Nibo Niho Niho Ni'o Niho Nifo Nifo Nifo Nifo Batina Al Niho Nijin Nifo H~wcn Nungnn Tongue Eeo Arero Alclo Alclo Alelo Alelo Alclo Alclo Elelo lnmcna AIPl Arero "anrnn Rero l\:m1men ;s'ilnamin Body Tino Tino Kino Kopopa Tino Tino Tino 'l'ioo Jino Yaugona Thoro Timana Nohun Shino 1pnrii. Nokelioirau Arm lima Hima Lima Lima Lima Lima Lima Lima Nimit Lingana Siu Ringii Tikman Lima Rrng Nilcpon 1-<'g Vae Avae \\'awac Vaerne Vae Vae Hui Yae \Tac Yamna La Wae Ncclnon Yao Vs Nowan Belly Opu Opii Opu Kopn Opu llfa11am Uanava l\Ia11nrn Kcte Kctcna Eth Kopu Nipjinetngan Nai Tnp Xitnin Blood Toto Toto Koko Toto Toto 'l'oto Toto Toto Toto Nrlra Tot Toto Inja irau Toto :\'•ta De To Lil'e Poboo Ora 'Ola Ola Ola Ola l\Ioni Ol:i llfou.i Sa bula 1\fauri Ola Umoh l\fouri Hunrn Xomurip Die 1\Iatc Pohc Make Mate l\fatc Oti ]\[ate l\lntCl l\fotc ;\late "\kitt llfate l\las llfatc J'nha l\lnnrns Know Tte Itc Ike Kite Itc•t Iloa lloa lloa lloi Kila Ini-atama lGtc Ato Troa .Arukuan ;\fangkili Hear IIakaono Fa'aro'o I.oho Akalongo J,angona Fa'alongo Fanongonongo Fakalongo .l<\u1ongo Hongotli& Thaliung 1'\'lmknrongo Atahaijcng .J<',1kolongona Rnge l\furini-; See Tiohi Ite llraka Akahi 'l'iti tiro Vi1ai Kikitc Vam Vakai Haitha lo~etc Titiro Almoi Sirasim Ati Mm1gcsi Place Tn'u Tu'u J(nu iho T11ku 1'uktt Tu'u Tuku Tuku 'l'uku Virin ·a~ua Whiu A Li Nang ,\mhri Nuru Thh1k llfotao 1\Cana'o Manno Ma'am l\fahamlinra l\fanat:u l\fanamanatu l\fonntu l\fanutu Nnnuma Aahai Ilua Aktaktai Nokomcntim H.wc tcrarhi l\fintaru Go Ilc'c llacrc Hele Aerc Hano & haerc AJn Fano Alu Alu Lako La'o IIacre Apan l<'uno l~:vcn l\Iampu C'omc .Amai IIacre mai Hele mai Tac IIacrc mai an Hau Sau Hau Lako mai Lcnm IIacrc mai Apnm l<'auo mai Ji}c l\Iampclom Sit Noho Noho Noho No'o Noho Nofo Xofo :Nofo Kofo Tiko Noh Nobo Ateuc Nofo Auknre lti>~ip 1\Iake l'epena ITamani Hana Angaunga Fau }'ai Eke Fai Ngaohi Thaknnt He Ilanga Ango Na pen 0 Numpi Gi1·e Vaici IlotJOi Hnawi Oatn Kave Foa'i Foaki Fonki l<'oak.i Solia Nnf IIo-atu Alupui Tufua Vnhi i\fompung Drink Jnu Inn Inn !nu fnu Tnn fou Inn Inn Ngunn Iom lntt Um wing Irmm.ia Xnni Xcmawncki Eat Kai Amu Ai Kai ]{ai 'Ai J(ai Kai Kai Kana Ate Kai Ilang Knina Ni Nenini Fear llfota'u l\fota'u Makan l\lataku l\l1ttaku Fcfc l\fatnkntaku Mntnkn Mana,•ahc Here Fe" Matnku Imlitning l\fatakn :ilcl1cker

Teinn 1\1kaYe l~iki Tukunoa Rauru l\Jata Tus Terinp:a Tungut Nifo J ~i1nona

Ngarotu Lima Vac Rinne Toto l\[auri Mate Ta ea Horongo J(nrimi~in.

'l'okoto 1\.Iantun Teroro Fn.no mai Nofo Te told .. Avatn Tcunu Kai Mataku

Breathe Jluti tc nho lfm111 A'o l\ltinav:i )fiina1·a l\liinuva llfannra llfiinn»a Thcn;,'lt !Juan" Wakahu Adcijaiiu Mapu"1ki Maiahaug L11ni;h Ata & Kata Ata Aknaka Kata Knta 'A.ta'atci J<ata Kata Kata kata Drcnclre Kaha" Kata Lav Nokntit llfarhib

en111alingasah "Nomuna

Weep Enc Ta'i U & Ue Aue Tangi Tangi Tangi Tangi Tangi Tangi Oll Tangi Taiiw Nokotangi l' ien I Alt 0 llll 0 wan All J<o au O Att Au 0 au Ko au Koi llll Ngou Hau Ainy~ Ava11 l au Thou Oe Oc O oe Koc Ko oc O Oc Koc Oe Ko koe Ko iko Ai Koc Aic

0

k Akoc I ik He 0 ia 0 ia 0 ia Koia O in O ia. fa 0 ia Ko ia Ko koya fa la Aicn Aia I in 'Vem1, • .,,oro.,•r•"'"''"'" llfntou Matou Makou l\Iatou l\Iatou Matou 1\Cnutolu llfatou l\fautoln Koi kcim:trni Amis Moton Aijiama Akimm Kamaha We, inelusirn 'l'atou Tatou Kakou Tntott 'fatou 1'atou 'l'autoltt 'I'atou Tantolu Koi kentla 18 Tatott Almija Akitca Ketaha Ye 011tou Ontoll Onkou I<otou Oitou Outou l\fotolu Outou 1\[ontoln Koi kemuni Ous I<outon Aijaua A konton Kimiaha They Atou Hntou Ltlkou Latou J.utou Lntou Lautoltt Latou Nautolu Ko ira f1·is Ratou Am Akirca Ilaha "\Ye two, exclu'i"e 1\lami l\faua l\faua J\[aua 11Cnua Maua llfaua Koi kcirni. 1\foua Aijummu Akimnua Kamrat1 \Ve two, inclusiYe Tnua Tnua 1'aua Taua 'l'aua Tamt Tnu Koi k~u Tana Akaijnu KetJmn K.!rn11 You two Koua Orna Om·ua Oulua l\lna Onlua Kimona I\oi kcmmdmu Korua Aijaunm Korua K(mirau They two Ana l!aua Laun Lawt Laun Laua lGnnua ICoi ran Rana Arau Kirua lqu \Ye three, exclusive Koi keihn Aijumtaij J(itatou ICArnrahar 'Ve three, inclusirn Koi kcu l•tou Ak.aitaij Aipckitaton K!tahar You three Koi ken rnd..rou Aijautnij Aipe kontou K .nirahar They three Koi ratvl Ahtaij Aipc kratou Ir har One Tnhi Tahi Kahi Tn'i Tahi 'l'usi Taha Tasi 'l'aha Ndua Ta Tahi Ethi Tusi R i Two Ua J{ua Ahia Hwt Lun Lua -Ua Lua Un Rua Rua Rua Ero Rua Km Three Tm1 Torn .Akolo Torn Tom 'l'olu Tolu Tolu Toh1 Tohl Thol Torn Eseik Torn K· bar .!<'our Fa lfa Aha A Fa }'a Fa Fa I•'a Va Unk Wlia 1fanohwan Fa K•·fa Five [mu l{ima Ali ma Hirna Lima J,irna Lima Lima Nim11 Lima Limn Rima Niknmn Hi ma Krirum

Tutfop Takata Nan~cri I uni Kiik [ri I(nm Kos Kimindum Iroa Kam in clurn ]{os in d11r11 Kim induru lror in clnru Kam tcsol J(o, tcsel Kimi tc>el Iroro tcsel

Tctangi A van Akoe fa Matou Taton Kou ton Laton Mamt Tau:i Koma Hana

Sai Tasi Durn Rna Disil Torn Dirnt Fa Siklim Hima Misikai Ono

f\evcn tritt1 Jlitu Ahik11 Itu lliht Fitn Fitu Fitu J•'itn Vitll IlitJ1 Whitu Nilmrnn cled et cro l'itu ··um karn, ctr. 'ix. Ono Ono Eono Ono Ouo Ono Ono Ono Ono Ono On Ono Nikman cled etethi Ono l~(.-irnm riti

Siklim nnrn Vitu Siklim disil Varu Siklirn mindivat Siva \irolint Nofunt

Narolirn cluru Narolim narolim

Eight Vau Vam Analu Vnltl Yant Valu Valu Valli Vnlu Waln Vol Warn Nikman cled et eseik Varu Nine [rn Iva Aiwa Ina 1· ha Tni. Im ha Hil·a Thiwa Siar Iwa Nikman cled etmnnohwnn Tva Ten Onohu'u Ahum rmi Ngaulu Lmmgabulu Scfulu Uongofnlu Sefulu Hongafulu Tiai Sauglml Ngalmm Nikrnan lcp .ikman '.l'nnga furu '.l'wcntv Eua onohu'tt Ta 'ml lwakalua Elua ngaul . 'fakau Luafuln a hongofulu Luafulu Lnoful11 Ruueannrnlu Rua tekau Nikman ero un reduon '.l'anga font c Jun A lnmcl!'ecl Au umiumi L.~n Lima taknu Selan Tc au Selan Tc au Duanandmll Tulau Han . .. .. .. ... . . .. .... Ta ma no A thousand Mano l\iapo l'" n lnu Afe Afc Afc Afc Uudoln Afo Mano Ten thou<and M:rno llfnuo l'llano Mano A humlrcll thousand 'llll IG!u

THE PREY AILING GRAMJ\IATJCAL STRUCTURE OF THESE POLYNESIAN SHOWS:-

l'alun Koren N:i.ot Napuun Nahm Nurnten Nat1g11ritl ~talng-en Xkunron Patin 'Xw11neu '.Nmnurin Namn Na.tuan Ntangan Nrii. EmOl 1~:1nat

flcpii l<umongo Kulepil l\('hl l\hlmakcn Fan Mai l'atok k""'rincri Kcfa';°1 Amin Fam Mntak Mar Mnr Tan~ Ken ii Ang Nga. Akit Komam Akam Ngar Komam Akit Akam rakanru Ngat·

ikci 1'1l

'fun l'at Lim Latis Lant Latu! Lefnt Halim Li mm Tjftisgci Pon

Pena 1 J1Jn1L Chach Rane Ridi lionaiai \Vuiam Ac hen Thoaiai Roi Nia Kabcsi l\fomoclt Der'lclera Dricl Guel a Ng-ome lfmcncw Chuh man lI111encw A.i<:halman Ah~ia

Ycnen rrencnnisia Chechen

Chcluaien Chelunisia Doku Ilawo Iohnwo \Yacngongo Ngupiad \\' nhniwa Tuhcnengoch Ienp:c Ncrutincn ll~engon1 Wan in Wata Or Dra Cho warnmn. Tango l ' lc 'I'nedcn~i Ulc Anc Uan flu lluclo 1\Ieneng Popoli Knuon Kua 1\uk:l 1-'arcu Nono lhmma Man Inn Xubo Nub<>n 1~hnij ]~ij

Buhnij Bu\j Ehn Etl1eu 'l\1engo Bushcngon

Sa Rewc Tini Helt Scclongo Scdongo nc sa Scdongo nc rcwc 8eclongo ne tini 8cdongo ne ech Rue tubenin Sn re ngo1n · dongo re ngom

n·ana.wl\. He lie papalc 1 Puaka l\:uri Gntu Humiiwcmin Athi • [~

["'nitt u~nng

Pt·na. 'J'hi:t TllO I.uihe .A.~ea At•alrnat Kat•l10 J{aitt~cng IC11n11n Ka lo lCan .~nl"o )lannmra. El..u l\:.11nu1111·n. Kauctnet Ka1Lia At Fu Tromunth l<'ti Nikona11t Tlmthiu N°l'knng X<•k1rng Kuka

T&i11ing Chang VolLL1 Ue Penehe 1\fck Fith lnnnginC'i \Yh{, Inuh Thi11im ltni Im Lnctsha Upune l\fondm ]\[cl :illct•hip6 Oncini Drcngcyu lJa.ng Amcthu Hekun Trotl1c Truhomc Lnpathu Kucha llornan Ith Chen Whou Wnnono Ckima Teith

I ~6~i Nian Eiil11111

Ease Nupunic An.,at Eal~o Nih.l Nipo Nin~lro

Cha• Luc.ii Konitc Ekctc Tai pi Chan~cmen Lue1gcmen Koningcmcu Ekengomcn Lne

1)i

Xrri >If.Li: Ye Kuoutre lCuii 'l{i Iuca Treo l<uic Chctiii lllpunc

llfure Mere Ngu6 :N'u ~to. Iii Ntio Ntio

Ntrati Umn

Knro NjI Chetia Mpune 'Akui rrani:t Riampcti Rema .Atri Aic Hirn 1',.arc Ampui Atinc Ump3. Xgn11ii.re Vco V'iuic "Gt'O Xiiio 'rnniuOO :ilforo Xoro Chreba

Tumati Tine Ua.ngell l\'okll Uanokn Ul'me Galm Non~a UfL11 11·c C"Cn~ Nekuonc L'uu~cli '"Ic Uc Ne 'Nte Omolu Amo Toft re GI"'' Nga me Hakai Nge Vere Cha re Tro .1. gauCnc Vcka Knu Ki )[ui Moerc Chlire Tare 'Ngo 'Xgu ':Xin Ke Kc 'Xgo 'Xg-C Ekunc Eku T:nga Unii.

Ta 130 Beth lkn 'ru.kiiC Xotn Nobo Nohcth Nohcu 'l'ukue Tnnie Takuanie

, \] J3jr"<"e B;blJin llfirivan Yun:u

.. Alen'" Uclu~ Km-ra Nalong Noot Channn Chornr Kuttow l\Icrnm l\Icrok Eun•,. Ruk" J{ear Kubelung l~brow 1%mil Toi

Biram rrlll'rttrntUlTlllU

Balahirmu l\{u~anra. Burau

;\[ata-iiri Bulan Bintang A wan L~ngit UJan Kilut GuLLLh

1~:~~~~

Eni Bok Ejman Drcn Laugith

Naine

{~~bcrong \Yanbelu fak Gem Gent Bao Lung Gijcrik Kejcik lm

Kitto Muno )'"anti llttrin Voijir Burrnn Timtnn l""n111 lliblm Tu Go,·nrra ;lf1illo lCung llng1111

Gornlol I\ urn lo :\[urang Ding ~\figa W:1gun Dabbun Curi! Dalo Goonnar

Dabbc1·i l\func Kana lfan Dirai Bung \Yohn Ellap Winrnr Errck Pirpirhin Bak l'cnluk Etho 'I' 11rrn r Emmon Gallnng Enana. \\,.arra1i1.-l~kJ:1il Yingnn:,7 Etnor Windo Emir and Mir Knttingae Mate Kuruim Mntc Dunclcrn ;\f,m l\forila l<nrra Dnnclnlcl n1 l\Ian Don -!form Girknm Ladn.•k Ngc1rring Liflrick ~1irrung

Arch ere Ogon Arc here X unnc Cham Bing

le Ieth [roith Bur Gwal Mech Bothir Laujenlingcn

u · n ] )O:lllg I\arnluu Gibhir 1\lugul ])inkur l\[illo l\forro Him1n Tnmlmr

:Ngi 'l'ig-irt Lor Tullnim Encbwinin I\ •rcman Pe Ynmma Se Tarra L.<tn~in D11ng11r l'uthuk tlmk l\akkc l\for Tikki Emith Hoang Ielhi Bimmg Rong l'idne Loe Nµ;anka Likctc Tag-nrn Lcmngc \Vi11anganna Elok Yanua Ethok Bag-ajo Chetchct Andowueh l\::n n1u11c 1n11nc Gach ng-ao lRthok I A nowa lhrk Da11an :\Iunirar 1 Tanmnu11a lmcthuk l\alliamarn

ThinK 1\indei )[enono I ~Yiar Chung Dungann Onga Attn

'

Inta :E;j-En-E U1wcla l<:i1n Nh~n1ha Kij Xhu111lm l~oc-kwe-u k ~ uha [r-rcj-rc-rca Xµ:11nn11. Kemcro ,\lliu Kijero Allin ](wero lmmgei lrro X:;iutia

Kalim I1nv11n Drncl Chiln R1ner I

l3ullac Buppur Milling kallfL

j l\loanitl ..... Lail em Chilchinu Chilchime Twalithuk Twalmcjuwon Iungou

I

Iituke

Galrq~ Utii.rn Sain tan Timar .B:i.rat Ding·in ICa-panus-:l11 Giinong­T:i.nnh l-,fu5ir Ba tu Ayer 'l'ii~ck

u 1U

Suknn

Ni or Ubi Tuhbii Pis::rng Sum pan l(apnl lkun .Anak bnlii Aujing & kuyuk A ram · Semut i\Jinchit Api Ru mah Annk piinah Pil.nuh G iida & tokam Tombak Ari llliilam J3esar Kechil & ki'tc Dckat & nr:1h liilih Baik Buruk Hh:irii Tuuh oicrnh l~tnin

Piitik Orang Perftm1u1nn L.1kilaki Perampunn Anak Jakihlki .AJhlk pcra mpua.n Anuk IHkilaki .~ nak pcrnm puan Ripa

Sudara Sudara pcrnmpunn Dan1ang J\npala & uhl Rambut 1\Iata ldong Tclinga l\[nlu t Gi~i Lednh Tuboh I..nngu.n Bctis l'rut Diirult Ber-iclnp M1iti Tau Dangar Lint Tarop J\.iro. & n1cngirn Pcrgi & pai Datang Dncluk Kiuja Bri & kasih Uinum ;\folm11 Takut Nafas 'l'ertuwa & g:11.li1k Tan1l'is Alm" Kau lrn I{mni l\ita Kun Orang

ii•tn & satu Dua 'l'ill"'U. Am pat Lima. Anam Tnjuh Ralupan S11111hil:rn t;a-pnluh Dua-pnlnh Hatns Rihn Sala~Fa Sa-pulnh !aha_

1. The n(ljcctive following the substantive. 2. Nnrn her i rnlic·nted hy n clrnnge in the article.

3. Th; s.'essh·c pronoun prcecrling- the noun. 4. The ornin,1tivc following the verb.

5. 'l'ime inclicatcrl by a preceding particle. 6. The pn,•i re forIDed by a suffix. I

7. Intcn ity and continuity of action inilicatcd hy rcdLtplication.

J 8. Causation effected by a prefix, ns in the IIchrew hiphil. 9. Reciprocity of action inclicate1l by a prefix ~ncl suffix, anu often a reduplication of the word ns well.

adjective precedes the Ruhstanfo·e, nn<l He noT'linntivo goes hefore the verb. Gender and can. ation a.re indicated by prefixes, ancl in dcsi bocly, ancl J'Clations, such as a brotl1cr; the final syll!Lhlc is generally ll pro11omi1rnl suffix, snch as"'!/. thy, his, etc.