openness and the eu cities. opencities conference. greg clark february 2008

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Openness and the EU Cities.Openness and the EU Cities.

OpenCities Conference.OpenCities Conference.

Greg ClarkGreg Clark

February 2008February 2008

22

An Urban and Metropolitan An Urban and Metropolitan WorldWorld

Globalisation and the knowledge economy have Globalisation and the knowledge economy have repositioned metropolitan regions as drivers of repositioned metropolitan regions as drivers of national economies:national economies:

1925: 25% of world population lived in cities

2025: 75% of world population will live in cities/metropolitan areas

2025: 17 of world’s 25 largest cities will be in coastal regions in Asia


175n

150

125

GD

P pe

r cap

ita -

com

pare

d to

cou

ntry

av

erag

e =

100

100

80

100000 250000 350000 500000 1000000 2000000Population in core city

International

Hubs

Regional Poles

Specialised Poles

Gateways

Satellite towns

Reinvented capitals

Modern industrialcentres

Knowledge hubs

Established capitals

De-indus-trialised cities

National service hubs

Research centres

Transformation poles

Visitor centres

Regional market centres

Regional public service centres

Medium term measures of City success?

i.i. Connectivity and space to grow.Connectivity and space to grow.

ii.ii. Quality of Life and Place (eg Urban Design).Quality of Life and Place (eg Urban Design).

iii.iii. Skills of labour force.Skills of labour force.

iv.iv. Innovation and CreativityInnovation and Creativity

v.v. Entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship.

vi.vi. Industrial structure.Industrial structure.

vii.vii. Cost base of cities.Cost base of cities.

viii.viii. Transparency of business environment.Transparency of business environment.

ix.ix. Identity and Brand Building.Identity and Brand Building.

x.x. Ability to implement strategic change.Ability to implement strategic change.


Longer term measures of city success?

i.i. Power of the City Identity and Brand.Power of the City Identity and Brand.

ii.ii. Location and Access to growing markets.Location and Access to growing markets.

iii.iii. Role of city in International Trade.Role of city in International Trade.

iv.iv. Power of influence of language and regulatory/legal systems.Power of influence of language and regulatory/legal systems.

v.v. Depth of artistic, architectural and cultural endowment.Depth of artistic, architectural and cultural endowment.

vi.vi. City leadership.City leadership.

vii.vii. Success in adjusting to shocks and luck in being on the right Success in adjusting to shocks and luck in being on the right side of conflicts.side of conflicts.

viii.viii. Investment in the city from all sources (including higher tiers Investment in the city from all sources (including higher tiers of government).of government).

ix.ix. Sustainability in terms of climate and environmental Sustainability in terms of climate and environmental sensitivity.sensitivity.

x.x. Openness to International Populations.Openness to International Populations.


Core issues

i.i. Knowledge economy, globalisation, connectivity and conflict are all Knowledge economy, globalisation, connectivity and conflict are all drivers of human mobility.drivers of human mobility.

ii.ii. Cities are the junction boxes. Cities are the junction boxes.

iii.iii. Cities within same national frameworks have different appeal for Cities within same national frameworks have different appeal for international populations.international populations.

iv.iv. Understanding national factors and local factors is key.Understanding national factors and local factors is key.

v.v. Cities have different and distinctive roles and futures. Different Cities have different and distinctive roles and futures. Different kinds of cities.kinds of cities.

vi.vi. Cities have different tools and powers.Cities have different tools and powers.

vii.vii. City leadership is key.City leadership is key.

viii.viii. Integration and successful settlement may be key to longer term Integration and successful settlement may be key to longer term attractiveness.attractiveness.

ix.ix. Peer review and learning together is key methodology.Peer review and learning together is key methodology.

x.x. Europe has lessons fro rest of world and can also learn from Europe has lessons fro rest of world and can also learn from elsewhere.elsewhere.



The competitive advantage of The competitive advantage of diversity for regions and localitiesdiversity for regions and localities..

i.i. Quality of life for knowledge economy.Quality of life for knowledge economy.

ii.ii. Richer visitor experience.Richer visitor experience.

iii.iii. Spur to creativity and innovation.Spur to creativity and innovation.

iv.iv. Openness to wider markets, populations, and Openness to wider markets, populations, and customers.customers.

v.v. Trade and exchanges with international marketsTrade and exchanges with international markets

vi.vi. Levels of entrepreneurship and aspiration.Levels of entrepreneurship and aspiration.

vii.vii. Better corporate relations.Better corporate relations.

viii.viii. Attractive ness for international Attractive ness for international investments/eventsinvestments/events

Serve the global market from one location!Serve the global market from one location!


8 factors and 40 measures of Open-ness?8 factors and 40 measures of Open-ness?

Economic factors:Economic factors: Population, Employment, Enterprise, Skills & Population, Employment, Enterprise, Skills & Qualifications. Qualifications.

Regulatory factors: Regulatory factors: Citizenship, Welfare, Health, Housing, social inclusion. Citizenship, Welfare, Health, Housing, social inclusion. Cultural factors: Cultural factors: Civic organisations, mixed marriages, creative Civic organisations, mixed marriages, creative

expressions, media, food.expressions, media, food. Amenity factors:Amenity factors: Signage/information, language, education, Signage/information, language, education,

retail, and retail, and neighbourhood mixity. neighbourhood mixity. Connectivity/Accessibility factors: Connectivity/Accessibility factors:

Ports and Gateways, digital access, public Ports and Gateways, digital access, public transport, city transport, city centres. centres.

Internationalisation factors: Internationalisation factors: International populations, business, events, International populations, business, events, institutions, institutions, visitors, and students.visitors, and students.

Risk factors: Risk factors: Crime, security, disasters, deportation, racism Crime, security, disasters, deportation, racism and and xenophobia. xenophobia.

Leadership factors: Leadership factors: Diversity strategy, brand and belonging, voting and Diversity strategy, brand and belonging, voting and representation, active projects. representation, active projects.


Framework for city growth Framework for city growth

Pre-conditions

Business environment & investment

Educational and research

base

Land and physical

infrastructure

Social/ cultural infrastructure &

quality of life

Ecological base .

Innovation & creativity

Industrial structure

Business ownership & mgt

Human capital

Connectivity .

Use of resources

Productivity Population

Economic growth performance

Drivers

Global economy and Macro-economic

framework

Feedback effects

Markets

Governance structure .

Environ mgt


Diagnosing Open-ness of a place?Diagnosing Open-ness of a place?

Maximum

Open-ness

Diagnosis

Economic

Regulation

Cultural

Amenity

Connectivity

Internationalistion

Risk

Leadership

Explicit strategy

Achievement


Example?Example?

Euroville

Open-ness

Diagnosis

Economic

Regulation

Cultural

Amenity

Connectivity

Internationalistion

Risk

Leadership

Explicit strategy

Achievement


What have we done?What have we done?

Preliminary paper. Concept of Openness.Preliminary paper. Concept of Openness. Background report: EU Cities and Background report: EU Cities and

Immigration.Immigration. Case studies.Case studies. Working Notes.Working Notes. Seminar Reports.Seminar Reports. Photographic project.Photographic project. City Indexes: towards an Openness Index.City Indexes: towards an Openness Index. Recruitment of cities.Recruitment of cities. Ways to involve other bodies.Ways to involve other bodies.

What will we do?

Develop the network and its work – Develop the network and its work – seeking partnership with EU.seeking partnership with EU.

Test the concept of openness further.Test the concept of openness further. Diagnosing and measuring openness.Diagnosing and measuring openness. Local action plans for cities.Local action plans for cities. Role of city leaders.Role of city leaders. An openness index or kitemark.An openness index or kitemark. A world wide project.A world wide project.


openness and the eu cities. opencities conference. greg clark february 2008

Documents

national factors

cultural factors

city identity

city leadership

amenity factors

economic factors

local factors

largest cities