open 11/22/00 nrj/rr/r johan hjelm 1 semantics for the wireless web presentation to european...
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11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm1
Open
Semantics for the Wireless Web
Presentation to
European Commission
Luxembourg 2000-11-22
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm2
Open
Mobile Internet, not iMode, is Japans big success
0
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Jsky
Ezweb
iMode
0%
50%
100%
Don’t know 1.7% 3.3% 1.0%
No 44.0% 43.9% 43.4%
Yes 54.3% 52.8% 55.6%
i-mode J-Sky WebEZ web & EZ
access
The penetration level of phones with mobile Internet service is
approximately equal among the operators. The number of iMode
subscribers reflect the strength of DoCoMo.
iMode growth rate has been exponential - but so has that of the others
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm3
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Current Japanese mobile services are really not very remarkable, but wait and see
•Wireless Internet is at the “WWW 1995” stage•Japanese fixed Internet usage is still low•iMode is just a portal•Like in the rest of the world, SMS is the most used service - and grows fastest
But wait and see….•3G phones have both Java and MPEG 4•3G commercial launch next year•Positioned services were launched in Osaka in September 2000•New applications will grow on the Internet platform
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm4
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InternetBig screenKeyboardTime to surf
PlanningResearchLearning
Wireless
My phonePosition knownAlways at hand
Satisfy instant needs
Fixed Internet Mobile Internet
Different user behavior
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Content determines choice of platform
General contents Contents is used as a base when making decissions People choose platform according to the timeframe of that particular decission
LifeMinute by minute
Travel
Transit
Career
Restaurant info
WeatherEvent tickets
Recipes
Education
Fixed Platform
Mobile Platform
Timescale for planning
News
News
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm6
Open
1986 1996 2006
Leisure Time
Dead Time
Working Time
Source: UMTS Market Forecast by Analysis/Intercai
The Killer App: Turn Dead Time into Useful Time
Leisure time has actually increased - and will continue to increase. The last few years we have been turning dead time into working time (by telecommuting etc). Now, we turn dead time into
leisure time - by surfing on the train, and booking tickets from the car.
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm7
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1111111111111111111111111
XHTML
WML
Voice
We will have lots of device types in the future - and lots of display formats
Java
Multimedia
Vectormaps or bitmaps
HTML
CC/PP is the enabler for optimized presentation - and more
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm8
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The Mobile Internet waves
“Cut the cord”
“Cut the cord”
“Internet in
your pocket”
“Internet in
your pocket”
“Situation
centric”“Situation
centric”
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm9
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Context-dependent information, in Schlichits definition, can be further broken down into two aspects: Environmental adaption, and personalization.
Environmental adaption was not very interesting until the mobile came along - because up till then, your environment did not change.
Where the border between personalization and environmental adaption runs is unclear - but the evidence is that it includes position information.
Screen size
Credit card number
Wheel rotation
Temperature
Position
Language
Taste in music
Unique to me
Shared with others
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm10
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The web wave
Tim Berners-Lee invents the web (1990)
Mark Andreesen writes Mosaic, introduces IMG-tag (1994)
We can’t live and do business without the Internet and the web (1999)
GSM is 25 years old
WAP Forum formed (1997)
WAP terminals and applications released (2000)
GPRS (2001)
IMT2000 (2003 - 2004)
iMode launched (1999)
The five year hype wave theory
First intelligent agents in portable devices (1998)
RDF becomes a W3C recommendation (1999)
SKi system deployed in Sweden (2000)
The hype in the ITC industry moves in 5-year waves. Currently, we are in the wireless data
wave.
NOW
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm11
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Metadata profile matching: Client and server
The technology is an enabler for future systems
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Parametrized request
Adapted response
Profile matching
Document or service profile
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm12
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If content generation or selection is based on profiles, many profiles can be matched to generate an optimized profile
Dc:coverageSe:Karlstad
Date:2000-11-16
Filter:rule2
Filter:rule3
Filter:rule1
Se:Karlstad
Date:2000-11-16
dc:rights=“free”
Date:2000-11-16
dc:rights=“free”
dc:rightsdc:rights=“paid_only”
ccpp:pref pixx=“800”
ccpp:pref pixy=“600”
Filter:rule3
Filter:rule2
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Multiple levels and types of profiles
User profile
User profile
User profile
These are just examples!
Situational profile
Service profile
Terminal profile
Terminal profile
Terminalprofile
Proxy profile Proxy
profile
Situational profile
Situational profile
Policy profilePolicy
profile
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What are profiles?
• Structured assertions about objects within a predefined framework– E.g. CC/PP, WAP UAPROF, Ecommerce service
profiles
• Common vocabulary and framework required– Processing and parsing becomes easier– But common does not necessarily mean standard
– it could mean an industry agreement
• Profiles are more efficient than attribute-value tables when you have to match them across domains
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm15
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Creation of vocabularies
• WAP UAPROF has developed a profile vocabulary in the CC/PP structure.
• Some lessons:– Developing a vocabulary is a lot of work– It is sometimes very boring– A lot of education is required for developers to use it– If no industry consensus exists, the vocabulary will
not be used– Trade mark law can be a problem– The more consensus there is about the problem, the
easier the development of the vocabulary
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Originserver
Presentationengine, e.g. WAPapplicationserver
Mobilegateway,e.g. WAP oriMode
Mobilenetwork
UserterminalExisting
services, e.g.E-Pay, InternetAdvertiserInformation base
(distributed)
The future information system: Interacting XML applications
Capability server/proxy
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XSLT and CC/PP
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Mobile gateway
Application server
Transaction server
XML repository
CC/PP cache
Transformation sheet repository
XSLTTranscoder
Modules shown represent logical functions, not physical entities
•The database model can easily be exchanged for a standardized model•This works for XML content - it can not handle the errors in HTML (60 % of all HTML deployed has errors!)
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm18
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Profile structures in the wireless web today
• CC/PP• Semantic version of OGIS GML• Dublin Core
Technically, you do not have to register anything - XML is a distributed system
However, for educational and authoring purpouses, you need to show which vocabularies are available
A worthy topic for the EC to support would be the creation of vocabularies (e.g. for vertical city portals)
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm19
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Marking up with heuristics
• Essentially turns your document into a database structure
• Describes which content elements should be applied where
• You can create generic rules in the markup and then add the heuristics in the document profile<div filter=“rule1” /> is generic - the meaning of “rule1”
is undetermined
• May require an intermediate step
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Generic filtering heuristics
• You could get by with only one attribute– Remove– i.e. the filtering starts with a full document, removes
everything that is marked up
• But if you want to do more to the content, you need more heuristics– Add to summary– If attribute is
• e.g. if vendor=FunFon
• Further work needed– What are generic heuristics for content filtering?
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The wireless web is the catalyst•The keyword is contextualized computing•Your computer is “aware” of you and your environment, and adapts to it•This means that it will become extremely personal, an extension of yourself
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What is relevant where I am?
Is this an authorized user?What do my friends think about the same thing?
How long till my next appointment? Including how long to get there from here.
No calls now - I am in a meeting
Before the next meeting, put the latest financial figures and news items about the people in the room on the screen
Hello beautiful, here’s my phone number
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• Infostructure = a system that makes information available as a basic resource
• Given a common vocabulary, where is the information?– Much of it is shut up in governement databases
• In the XML world, anyone can invent their own vocabularies– But to facilitate authoring, we need standard vocabularies
• Swedish tourism industry is doing the right thing– event information is made available in machine-readable format free of
charge– Some Swedish governement agencies are doing the right thing– But more education and more work is needed!
• Users need to be educated in the use of metadata and the availabilities of vocabularies
• Users need to be motivated to use metadata
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Privacy managementand Contractual management
•These aspects go hand in hand with interchange of profiles•Only workable solution so far: P3P from the W3C
• The user gets the ability to automatically deny the release of parts of his profile
•But still, there are lots of things unclear•Will P3P be deployed?•How does it work with CC/PP?•How does it work with other profile formats?
•The problem can be handled using out-of-band negotiated contracts
User requests policy
Server sends policy
User sends request with parameters
Server sends requested information
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Terms for profile use - the killer app for micropayments?
• What terms apply to the use of a profile– How is it paid for (micropayments?)– How can it be used (i.e. an aspect of copyright management,
actually - the user has a copyright, too)– How is the policy being policed?– How is the contract established?
• This actually comprises a meta-profile! • E-commerce does not discuss these issues• Actually, this is the same problem as telephony roaming
– In the telecom industry, we know all about clearance of small payments.
11/22/00 NRJ/RR/R Johan Hjelm25
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Interchange of profile information (i.e. protocols)
•If profile information is to be useful to more than one party, it has to be interchanged between parties•This implies the use of a standard protocol and a standard data format•These ought to be the same for all access methods and uses•But there is a bunch of consortia and working groups
• SOAP (Microsoft et al)• BEEP (IETF)• XML Protocol (W3C)
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What are the profile problems?
• Matching algorithms– Database matching works well in a single-node environment, but
maybe not in multinode environments
• Communicating and exchanging profiles– Wich protocol: SOAP, BEEP, i-CAP, HTTP? And how?– In a trusted way?
• Profile filtering heuristics• Occlusion of part of profiles, and policies for this
– For instance, using P3P to keep part of a profile private
• Formats (frameworks) and vocabularies– Not only do we need to define them, we also need to publish them,
preferrably as standards
• Education, education, education
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What can you do?
• Enable and perform education• Develop and publish vocabularies• Develop algorithms for matching of profiles• Develop generic filtering heuristics• Develop profile transport formats and protocols• Investigate and mandate profile privacy
management• The EC could have a crucial role as a catalyst
– e.g. enabling cooperation between the Infocities programme and the WAP UAPROF work