on the irish coins of henry the seventh / by aquilla smith

8/6/2019 On the Irish coins of Henry the Seventh / by Aquilla Smith

1/37

50

II.-OherishoinsfHenryheeventh.y QUILLAMITH,.D.,M.R.I.A.Read4thune,841.INTRODUCTION.ASheoinshichambouto escribe,elongo omefhe enrys,tappearsomehatheestoursehichanedopted,s,n heirstlaceoinquire,hethernyf hemanessignedoheredecessorsfHenryheSeventh,hooreheameameoryroceedingnhisanner,heeriod,towhichheoinsaneppropriated,illeeducedo hemallestossiblelimit,ndhenquirieshichollownheubsequentagesillereatlyfacilitated.Simonasointeduthe istakeommittedy ishopicholson,hosayshatHenryheourth,n heear404,rderedhe oblef isiveimmediateredecessorso assnrelandorenhillingsand,romhatime,allortsf oinentthigheralueerehann ngland."Theordseferredo yheearnedrelate,houotedromirohnDavis'seports,rehese,Meseprimerifferencetnequalitienteresstandardsel nglishoneyst rishoneysstrovenEdw..Cardonquesuiteclarenarliamentcy,uee obleaitnempsdw..R. .Hen..Hen.. tHen..erroiteestempsnvanturrantnestealmpur0s.tssinte emyoble,t outsutersomesolonqueesmee ate.Videot.arliament,Edw.. ap.0.t 1 dw.. ap.. t 5 dw..cap..ne fficeel ollesnCastroublin."tTherrorfBishopicholsonnwritingenryV.,nsteadfEdwardV.,is o alpableromiseferenceoDavis,hattwouldotequirenyoticeIrishistoricalibrary,vo.724,.62. Davis'seports,ol.674,.2.


2/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.51here,adotimonemarked,hathisastct15dw.V.eemso int,thatomeindfmoneyasoinederenhiseign,HenryV.,swellsinhatfHenry."HelsoonjectureshathereatcarcityfmoneynEnglandeemso aveeenreasonoroininghe oreoneynreland,andhereforeelieveshatheroats,igs.6,7, 8,9,0n isrdlate,belongoHenryheifth.Thectf 475,romhichimonrewisnference,rdainshathecoinalledheross,adenheeignsfEdwardhehird,c.otlipped,shalle fhealuef ixeniers.herossadenEnglandnheimeftheresenting,otlipped,hallassoriveeniers,ndllhe oneystruckin relando efheamealuesheyowre."-fTheatterartfhisxtracts henlyassagen hect hichouldgivenyupporto ispinionbuttappearsomeo aveeferencenlyothe umerousoinsf ariousypes,truckn reland"nheirstifteenyearsfEdward'seign,uringhicheriodisrishoneyasonsiderablylessn aluehanisnglish.tIn421,heinthearfHenryheifth,nparliamenteldtDublin,beforeamesarlfOrmond,he ordsndommonsgreedoendpetitiono heing,rayingorheedressf everalrievances.heetitioncontainsineteenrticles,hehirdfwhichrays,hatertainoneyestrucknDublinsnEngland,ndhatheecessaryfficers,oneyers,c.beppointed."Fromhisvidencet s robable,hatoegaloneyasoinedn relandforomeimereviousoheatefheetition,ndteavesoroundshateverorimon'sppropriationf nyrishoinsoHenryheifth,hoiedEssaynrishoins,.9. tSimon,ppendix,o.IV.Iamndebtedomyearnedriend,heev.ichardutler,f rim,orirectingyttentionoeveralmportantecordsfheeignsfHenryheifthndixth,hichaveithertobeennknowno ritersnrishoins,ndhichayeoundnheRotulorumatentiumtClausorumancellaria3iberniaalendarium,"ol..pars."Art.. etuntuoderteoneteudanturnDubliniaicutnAnglia,ummnibusofficiariis,onetariis,c.ecessariis."--Rot.at.,Hen..ap.11.Inhextractsromhealendar,heordsnullaveeenubstitutedorheontractions,whichtwouldeselessndnconvenientoetain. g2


3/37

52 Dr.MITHnhe rishoinsfHenryheeventh.in 422buthisubjectayemoreonvenientlyiscussedereafter,henIshallndeavouroupportr.indsay'sppropriationfheoinsn uestion,toHenryheeventh.Awrit,irectedo he herifffDublin,n heirstearfheeignofHenryheixth,ecites,hatheingadearnedhatanyerchantsbroughtntorelandargeumsfounterfeit,ashed,ndlippedold,ndthatheyarriedwayheing'silveroney."ndollfheameear,aftereciting,hatenryheifthadeennformed,hathereereounterfeitersf oldndilver,ndashers,lippers,ndeighersfheamenIreland,ndhateadausedroclamationo emadegainstuchractices,underheenaltyfossfifendimbs,ndhatoersonhouldresumeoweighr efuseoldexceptuchs asounterfeitr ashedappointsanieDartas,icholasaly,ndichardalloun,ointlyndeparately,onquireafterhosehoresumedoweighheing'sold,ndlsofhosehoaredtoarrylipped,ashed,r ounterfeitoldromnglandntoreland,orhepurposef ccumulatingheing'silveroney,ndurtherivesheforesaidofficersowero rrestuchffenders,ogetherithheironey,ndommitthemo rison."f"Breveicecomitiublinieirectum,n uoecitaturegem,xraviuerelaigeorumHibernie,ccepisseuoduampluresercatoresd iberniamenientesueortantecum,ausavendenditmendi,aximasummasuriegisontrofecti,oti,tonsi,dictumopulumecipiendum,t ecuniasegisrgenteasinc,dpusuum,ubdolextorquendumeienieondesistunt."-Rot.laus.Hen.I.ap.0.t C(recitaturuahter. .,um,xravit lamosansinuacioneominorumpiritualiumtemporaliumcomuauniumibernien arliamentoxistentium,ccepissetuodnonnulleersonextiterintontrofectoresuneoneteullt rgenti,cotores,onsores,t onderatoresjusdemonetenfraiberniatn,erreviauneceritroclamariuodeuis,ubpenaitetmembrorutn,oretontrofector,otor,onsor,elonderatoricteonete,t uodeuisaurumnecepcionibus,c.auroototontrofectoxcepto)ponderareeuenegareresumeret,assignavitanicoartasrmigerum,icholaumaly,tRicardumalloun,onjunctimt ivisim,adnquirendumeisuiumelanciisurumegisnendicionibusc.onderareresumpseriot,cellisuiurumegisonsum,antotum,euontrofectum,xtrangliamniberniamariareresumpserint,d onetamegisrgentiroujusmodiuro,ellioodoccumulandumetulpabiles,naumoneta egisrgentiicccumulata,n uorumcumqueanibusexistat,apiendum,tpsosrisoneommittendum.ub,0ulii."-Rot.at.Hen.I.orso,cdp.09,b.


4/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.53Inheecondearfhising,ngreatouncil,eldnhe orrowfAllSouls,eforedwardishopfMeath,eputyfEdmundarlfMarch,twasordained,hatheoble,alf,nduarterobleexceptounterfeitoldhouldbe niversallyeceivedy eight,ndhattandardeighthoulde epo.sitednherishxchequer,ndhatllheheriffs,ayors,c.hroughouttheand,houldaveeightsgreeingithheaidtandard,ndhatveryliegeubjecthouldaveccesso hetandardeights ftens eleased,andhatoersonhouldefuseoldontraryoheforesaidrdinance,nderapenaltyfenhillings,o eaidoheing,ndhatnyffenderightecommittedo aol,ndeptherentilemadeedemptionndine."ItdoesotppearhatheetitionorhestablishmentfmintnDublin,inheinthearfHenryheifth,asrantedeforehehirdearfHenrytheixth,ornhethfFebruaryn hatear,grantfhefficefmasterfheoinagen he astlefDublin,asadeo ohnobbham,duringheing'sleasure,rovidedhathe oneyemadefheameeight,allay,ndssay,sheilveroneyhichsmadenLondon,ndhatheaidJohnayeceiveorhe akingf neb.fmoney,o emadenheforesaidCastle,nlysmuch,ndhatehallayoheingsmuch,she asterftheoinagenLondoneceivesndaysorneb. fheameort,ndehall" nmagnoonsilio,oramdwardpiscopoidie,eputatodmundiomitisarchielocumenentis,n rastinoimarument,rdinatumst,dupplicacionemommuniurndictumonsiliumerreviaegislectorum,uodobilis,bolus,t uadransuriatmontrofectoexceptoecundumondust aloremerigeosc liasentesd iberniamonfluentesecipianturerondusniversaliteret uodnumtandardumonderisictiuritandardonglieconcordansit,tnhesauron ustodiahesaurariit amerariorumaccariiibernie,eeterorernaneret:t uoduilibeticecornes,ajor,allivus,enescallus,uperior,trepositus,erotamterram,dorumrosecucionemabeantonderaictotandardecteoncordanciaetnsuper,quoduilibetigeuserreredicteabeatursumd ictatandardan uolibetocobissistunt,adonderatandardiuociensibilacueritaciendumet ciam,uodigei,tndigene,t lienigened iberniamonfluentesujusmodiurum,icetonsumeuotum,erondus,ecundumvaloremt ondusjusdemercipiantnuturoet uodullusujusmodiurumontrardinacionemredictamefutetubenaOsdpusegisolvendumet uodorpusjusdemelinquentisaoleommittaturnamoraturumuousqueedempcionemtinemndeacialc.Rot.laus.Hen.I.rimaars.ap.7.


5/37

54 Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.be oundyndentureo erformheremises,nheameannerndormsthe asternLondons ound."InhehirdndourthearsfHenry,grantf neundredhillingsyear,uringheing'sleasure,asadeoWilliamoldesmyth,hetrikerofhe oneynhe astlefDublin.tAtparliamenteldtTrim,n 447,n ct asassedgainstlippingandounterfeitingheing'soin,ndtwasrdainedhatomoneyoclippede eceivedn nylacef aidand,romheirstayfMayextocome,orhe oneyalledhe 'Reyly'soney,rnythernlawfuloney,sohatneoynereeadytheaidayomakeheoyn."tIn 456,parliamentaseldtNaas,ndtwasnacted,theequestfthe ommons,hatwhereasomeanouldeoundo eepheing'soinwithinheandfreland,"lloreignerchantshallayorveryoundof ilverhatheyhallarryutfreland,orty-pencefustomoheing'scustomer,ohesefheingandf nyanhalloheontraryn oncealingf heaidustom,ehallayorveryenny,wentyhillingsohesaidustomers,oheing'sse,"ndromhewelfthhapterfheamectitappearshatrelandasreatlympoverishedyheailyxportationfilver,andhereatlippingfheoin,ndhatherishoney,alledhe 'Reyley's,"ailyncreasedtwashereforenacted,hatnyersonarryingilveroutf relandhallayorustomoheingwelve-penceorveryunce" xceptordsndessengersoingo nglandponusinessfheublic,homayarrylateithhem,ccordingoheiregrees."11"Rexoncessitohanniobbhamfficiumagistriunagiin astroublinieaciendi,duranteeneplacito,rovisouodonetaperataitjusdemonderis,llaie,tssaie,icutonetargentiuen ondonioperatast,t uodictusohannesantumroacturaibreoneteinastroredictperateercipiat,tRegiantumeddat,uantumiagisteronetenerraredictaroujusmodiibraercipitteddit,t uoddemohannesdremissaaciendaerndenturambligetur,isdemodotormauibusagisterunagiinerraredictaroemporeobligatusxistit.rym,Feb."-Rot.at.Hen.I.ap.1.t"Rexisdemandatuodillelmooldesmy[th?],ercussorioneten astroublinie,00sernnumi eregemoncessosuranteeneplacitonnuatimolvant.Julii,anniredicti."-Rot.laus.a4Hen.I.ap.5.1:imon,ppendix,o.II. Ruding,nddit.ol.i. .41.B imon,ppendix,o.V.


6/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 5Theextndastctfhiseignelatingo heoinageontainsuchthatsmportant.AtparliamenteldtDrogheda,nheear460,twasnacted,hathevaluef nglisholdoinshouldeaisedne-fourthnreland,ndhatherossof ondon,ork,ndalais,otlippedithinhextremeircle,houldassforive-pencenreland,ndhemalleriecesnheameroportion.Andas otnlyhe utchyfNormandy,utlsohe utchyfGuienne,hentheyerenderhebediencef heealmfEngland,et ereoessseparateromheawsndtatutesfEngland,ndadlsooynesorthemselvesifferentromheoynefEnglandsoreland,houghtbe nderthebediencefheameealm,sneverthelesseparateromt, ndromlltheawsndtatutesft,nlyuchs rehereyheordspiritualndemporalreelydmittedndcceptedfn arliamentrreatouncil,y hichproperoyneeparateromheoynefEngland,asithoreonvenienceagreedo e adnrelandnderwoorms;henefhe eightf alfquarterf n unceroyeight,n hichhallemprintedn neideyon,andnhetheriderown,allednrelandes'argent,o assorhealuefoneennyterlingthetherfVII.b.froyeight,avingmprintedn nepartft rown,ndnhetherartross,alledPatrick,fwhichightshallassorneenier.hatgrossemadefhe eightfhreeenierssterling,ndo assoroureniersterling,hichhallavemprintedntonneide'arown,ndnhetheriderossikeheoynefCalais,earingboutherossnwriting,heamefhelacehereheoinsmadeandthatveryerson,horingsullionohe int,ughto eceivendaveoreveryuncefilver,royeight,inefheaidrossesfhealuefhreedeniers.hatheoynealledheack,eereafterf o aluendoid,ndthatheboveopesemadenhe astlesfDublinndrymme"ndt nadjournedittingfheamearliamenttwasnacted,hathe enieriththerossalledrelandese tterlyoid,ndhatnieuftapennyeHavingatelyeenomeopperiecesfacobusheecondfcotland,hichereoundinreland,t ccurredomehathe acksmentionednhect,ighteheseoinsfames,whoasontemporaryithenryheixth.Sincehisoteasrittenindhatheameermasppliedoherasshillingsf amestheecond.ee4heacksutoheirrumps,".23,nheistoricalongsfreland,printedorheercyociety,841.


7/37

56 Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.strucknilver,avingheeightfheourthartfheewrossfreland,to emprintedndnscribedsheewross."FromherantoCobbham,nheear425,hichrovideshathe oneyto emadenDublinhallefheameeight,llay,ndssay,sheilvermoneyadenLondon,ndheppointmentnheollowingearfmoneyer,withnnnualalaryf neundredhillings,t smorehanrobablehatomemoneyasoinednDublinbouthatime.Iknowf nlyneoinhichcanentureo ssignoHenryheixth,duringhearlyartf iseign.thasnhebverse,heing'seadithanpenrownleury,ithinirclef ellets,tarf ixaystheeftideofheeck,intarkross,egendENRICVSNSIBNIE,n nnulettheendfheegendreverse,plainrossithhreeelletsnachuarter,egendCIVITASVBLINIEtheres n nnuletfterm.tweighswelverainsndquarter.

Thisnterestingoin,hichs fheighestarity,ndninereservation,isnheabinetfhe ev..W.Martin,fKeston,owhomamndebtedforheoanftandeveraltherrishoinsfreatarity.Thathisoin,hichn ccountfhebsencefheressurenhebverse,believeo epenny,astrucknhearlyartfheeignfHenrytheixth,s eryrobableevidences ow,orheirstime,dduced,hichproveshatn 425rishoneyasrderedo emadefheametandardashenglishoney,ndheeightfhisiece,hichs qualomanyfheEnglishenniesfHenryheixth,ndonsiderablyorehanheourthartofnyfherishroatsfHenryheeventh,hichbelieveeverxceedhirtytworains,ndarelyeighomuch,howslearlyhattmustaveeencoineduringheeignfHenryheixth.he intarks imilarohatwhichccursnomefhenglishoinssuallyssignedoHenry,hennuletsalso,ndhetar,re arkshichonnecttwithheameeign.heSimon,ppendix,o..


8/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 7occurrencef he omannhreelacesn heegendsfhisoin,s eryremarkable,haveoteennytherrishoinromheimefEdwardheThird,o hatfHenryheighth,hichashe omanltsegend,xceptDublinroatfhehirdearfEdwardheourth.It sveryoubtful,hetherny oneyasoinednderheuthorityfthe ctf447,nwhichherovisionornewoinageependednhecoinereingeadygainstertainayandhereatcarcityfilver,ogetherwithheailyncreasef herishoney,alledhe 'Reyley's,"entionedinhe ctf 457,ouldcarcelyaveappened,adnyegaloneyeencoinednhe eantime.Thectf 460ppearsowarranthenference,hatfany oneyascoinedn relandreviousohatime,tmustaveeenimilarnypendstandardoheennylreadyescribedoryheamect,aproperoyneseparateromheoinfEngland,asithoreonveniencegreedo eadin reland."Theypendeightfheoinsrderedo emaden 460,reoullydescribednhect,hattwouldppearhereouldeittleifficulty,n etermininghichoinshouldessignedohisate.Theennyalledhe relandes'argent,"asotithertoeeniscovered.he ct hichrderedt o emade,amentoperationnhe17thfMarch,ndnheMondayfterrinityunday8thune),heennycalledrelandes"aseclareo"be tterlyoid."A ewopperoins,fheypescribednhe ctohealf-farthingsalled"Patricks,"aveeenound,ut ostfhemxceed,yeveralrains,heweightixedyhe ct. heres nefhichamnclinedo ppropriateoHenryheixth,ecausetweighsnlyixrains,ndheormfherossonheeverses ifferentromhatnheeavieroins,hichbelieveeremintedarlynheeignfEdwardhe ourth.Theypefheroats escribednhisct,greeso ar ithomeftheoinsfEdwardheourth,hatt s tilloubtfulhichfhemreo econsidereds elongingoHenry.Takingorrantedhatheroatublishedy imonP1.IIig.1 sSeerishoinsf dw.V.l..ig.8,rans...Academy,ol.ix.tIbid.1.1.ig.5.Vol,.IX.


9/37

58 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.accuratelyepresented,s avingressurefwelverchesoundherown,whichs eryhallow,ndrefoilt achointfheressure,assignt oHenryheixth.t smucho eegrettedhathisoinannotoweoundinheumerousndxtensiveollectionsowhichhaveadccessbuthatsuchpieceasn imon'sossessionanardlyeoubted,sheennyubsequentlyublishedynellingn isupplementP1.. ig.6agreesithtinheumberf rchesnheressure,ndnheormfherown,nduchcoincidenceanardlyettributedomistakefhertistthisennyalsoappropriateoHenryheixth.IamwarehatdistinguishedollectornEnglandoesotelievehatgroatithwelverchesn heressureverasn xistence,nheroundsthatouchieces t resentnownbutshortimeince,heamergumentightaveeenppliedo oinf amesheecond,s opecimenoftwashennowntwooweveraveeenatelyiscoveredonen ewter,whichasoundn ewernDublin,s n heabinetfheateeanf t.Patrick's,ndnothern rass,ngoodtatef reservation,snheossessionofheuthor.Ishallowroceedo henvestigationfheoins,hichconceiveelongoHenryheeventh,askhichentern ithuchiffidence,stpresentsifficultiest lmostverytepfhenquiry.THEREre anyoinshichay,ithoutnyoubt,e ppropriatedoHenryheeventh,lthougheryewocumentselatingo isrishoinsavebeeniscovered,orstikelyhatnythersaveeenreserved,romhichdirectvidenceane btained.Thelmostotalbsencef ecordsonnectedithheoinagefhiseign,ishe oreemarkable,shereaterartfheumerouscts,elatingomoneyoineduringheeignsfHenry'smmediateredecessors,dwardheFourth,ndichardhehird,retillreservedmonghetateapersnIreland.Ruding,nheuthorityf nelling,tates,hatnheirstearfHenrytheeventhRobertowley"asMaisterfhe unagend yntithinthe itiesfDyvelinDublinnd aterford.1Simon,l. III.ig.77. tAnnals,ol..p.0.


10/37

Du.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 9OnhethfMarch,491,icholaslintasyheing'sppointmentttmadeverseerfhe intsfDublinnd aterford" ndnhe5thfAprilollowing,proclamationasssuedyheingtGreenwich,uthorizingGeraldarlfKildareoausendrescribeertainawsorhereventionofalsermixtilvern oinithinhatisordshipfreland.1Thenglishctf isineteenthear,504,tateshatTheoins,speciallyfilver,ereompaireds ellylippingsounterfeitingheame,andy ringingntoheealmheoinfreland,hatreatumourndarianceailyncreasedmongisubjects,orakingndefusingheame"ndinheameeartwasnacted,hatoersonhouldringntonglandftheoinfreland,boveheumfhreehillingsndourence,nainfforfeiturendmprisonment,ndinendansom,theing's1easure.1In 506,heingrantedoThomasalmole,liasrchibold,fDublin,Goldsmith,hefficefMasterfhe oinagend onies,adeithinheCastlefDublin,ndo oldheaidfficeimself,ryiseputy,uringheking'sleasure.Thesecantyecordsndheoinshemselves,rehenlyourcesromwhichvidenceane erivedespectinghe umerousoinsfHenryhichhaveeenreservedandeforeenternheescriptionfhemtwilleconvenientonquire,hethertbeossibleo eterminehetandardy hichtheoinageasegulated.heantf nyirectvidencenhisubjectcompelseo everto uchactssmaye ollectedromheistoryfheprecedingeigns.Thisersoneldeveralfficesonnectedithhenglishint,nhearlyartfhiseign1485-1487,e as,Contr.onetetCunagiinfraurrimond."AssaiatoronetetCunagii"-"culptoret roerris,"CampsoronetetCunagiinfraur.ondon"--andnthe7thfMay,486,e asppointedeeperfheing'sxchange.-Ruding,ol.. p.8,106,19,61,ndol.v..94.tWare'snnalsfreland,.D.491. 1Ruding,ol.i. p.97nd99.18. exoncessithomaealmolee ublinia,oldsmyth,liashomaerchibold,agisteriumunagiit umismatumnfraastrumublinieiendorum,abendumfficiumredictumerse eleputatum,uranteeneplacito.ulii."ot.at.1 en.II.ap.8.Thishomasalmoleasrobablyheameersonhoasmasterndorkerfheoneyofilver,ndeeperfhexchangesnheitiesf evylynndaterford,"n483.uding,vol.i. .76. h2


11/37

60 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.Ihavelreadyhewn,hatn hehirdearfHenryheixth1425),the asterfheoinagenDublinasound,yndenture;omakeheoinsofheameeight,llay,ndssay,sheilveroney,hichas adenLondon,romhichimentilhehirty-eighthearfheameeign1460),itdoesotppear,orstprobable,hatnyhangenhetandardooklacebutnheatterearherishroatasrderedo emadefheeightfthreeeniersterling."heenny,rdenierterling"fhatime,eighedfifteenrains,onsequentlyherishroatf 460houldeighnlyorty-fivegrains,ndasourthessnweightndaluehanhenglishroat.ndfromhisimeheirstifferencendnequalityetwixthetandardfheEnglishndrishonies"so e ated,ndot,s irohnavisupposed,fromheifthearfEdwardheourth,twhichime,owever,hetandard.inrelandasgainhanged,hiletsroportionohenglishroatasreserved,hichadeeneducedn 464romixtyoorty-eightrains.uringtheubsequentearsf dward'seign,hetandardf isrishoneyasrequentlyltered,ccordingo hexigenciesfheimes,ndnheirstearofRichardhehird,483,isrishoneyasrderedo emadeccordingtohetandardfhewelfthearfEdwardheourth,twhichimeheweightfherishroatasbouthirty-tworains,r hirdesshanheEnglish.It aseenusttated,hatdwardeducedhenglishroatoorty-eightgrains,hichtandardasdheredonEngland,ntilheighteenthearfHenryheighth.herishroat,uringheatterartfEdward'seignandhatfRichard,asbouthirdesshanhenglish,ndhatheameproportionasbservednhearlyartfheeignfHenryheeventh,sevident,romassagen etter,rittenyOctavian,rchbishopfArmagh,to heingn 487,recommendingrthuragenniso hatrince,orhebishopricfDromore,hereineays,hatheevenuefhatiocesesnotworthboveortyounds,fheoinfreland,hichs essyhehirdartthanheointerling.1romhisvidencendlsoromheact,hatomefHenry'sroats,henn oodreservation,eighhirty-tworains,hichbelieveheyeverxceed,concludehathetandardn relandasotlteredduringheeignfHenry,ndhatisrishroataslwayshirdesshanthenglishfheameeriod.See.0. fSimon,.1.


12/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 1Somerrangements ecessary,orheurposef ttemptingo eterminetherdernwhichheeveraloinseressuedromhe ints.nhebsenceof ocumentsy hichheatesighteixed,henlyafeuidehichremainsreheoinshemselves,ndromeliberateonsiderationfheypesandumerousarietieshichaveomenderybservation,haveelectedherossnheeverse,s heharacterhichestistinguisheshethreeectionsntohichproposeo ividehem.THEIRSTECTION.Theoinsncludednhisectionavenhebversehield,earinghearmsfEnglandndrance,uarteredy ross,hextremitiesfwhichregenerallyerminatedyhreennuletsandnheeverse,hreerownsn ale(thermsfreland),ithimilarrossallheroatshichhaveeenhavewithnexceptionheetternderherownstheysuallyeighaboutwenty-eightrains,ndeverbelievexceedhirty.Theescriptionfheumerousarietiesfhisypeilleacilitatedydividinghemntohreelasses1st,oinsintedtDublin2nd,hosehichbearhe amefWaterford3rd,oinsithouthe amef helacefmintage.Ofhe ublinintherereroats,alf-groats,ndennies.TheroatP1.. ig.hasheegendsENRICI RACIA,ndIVITASDVBIANIE.heionsnhehieldaveheirailsoubledacknmannerwhichistinguisheshisoinromhehreerownoneyf dwardheourthandichardhehird.hepperrownnheeverseasdoublerch,surmountedyballndross.t s videnthathertisttirstnsertedheletternheamefheity,ndfterwardsttemptedo oncealislunderby unchingvert heetter.A roataseenatelyoundtTrim,hebversefwhichs romhesameiesig.,heeverseasherossndrchesverhepperrown,butheegends ividedsollowsCIVIT-ASDV-BLIN-IEE,ithleur-de-lisafterheastetter.heoins nheabinetfheev.. utler,mallportions rokenff,ndtweighswenty-sevenrains.Seerishoinsf dwardV.,.7.


13/37

62 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.It s otnlikelyhatheoinhichimonublishedPl.II.ig.3waspartlyefaced,ndhatnhettemptoestoreheegend,EXasubstitutedfor CIAtheleurs-de-lisnheegendsrelsomitted,ndthendsfhecrossherereelletsnsteadf nnulets.Allhealf-groatsavennuletsthendsfherossnachide,uthaveotheetternderherownstheyeighromwelveo hirteengrains.Fig.hasheegendsENRICVSI RAL,ndIVITASVBBL-.heetterohaseenubstitutedor ,ss lsoeryvidentnhebversefig.,whichis ndoubtedlyromheameietheegendnheeversef heatteroinisCiV-ITAEB-1111.nig.,heegendsreENRICVS,ndIVITASEBLIN,andig.readsENRICVSIO,ndIVITASEBLI.Thealf-groatublishedyimonP1.II.ig.7),ithheemarkablelegendENRICOMBAR,f orrectlyepresented,houlderhapse OMBER,an bbreviationfDOMINOSBERNIE,heegendneveralfheroatsresentlyo e escribed.TheennyFig.hascirclef elletsnachide,ndelletstheendsfheross,heegendsree-NRICVSEXN,ndIVITASDVBLIN, tweighsevenrains.Groatsrehenlyoinshichrenownromhe inttWaterford.Thehieldnhebverseswithinressuref ouringlerches,utsidewhichs circle,ometimesormedf ellets,ut oreenerallyplainine.Theegend,ntsmostompleteorm,s,HENRICVSI RACIAEX,ndnhereverse,IVITASATERFORDE,nermoreettersreenerallymitted.hecrownsnheeversere ithinressuref oublerches,heumberfwhichs enerallyinethe arkshichccurnheegendsre,refoil,starfiveays,ndmallross.Fig.hasheegendsENRICVSRAIAEX,ndIVITASA-terfor-DE,hearmsfherossreerminatedy ellets,s nomefhehreerownroatsofEdwardheourth,heressurenheeverseasnlyightrches,herearemallrefoilsttsoints,ndnhenglesutsidet, ndleur-de-listeachidefhe iddlerownanotherf imilarypeasheegendENRICVSDI RACIAX.Fig.hasheirclenachideormedf ellets,heegendsre ENICVSDGRACIAEX,ndIVITASATERFORD.


14/37

DR.MITHnheIrishoinsfHenryheeventh. 3Fig.hasirclef elletsnhebverse,ndplainirclenheeversetheegendsre ENRICVSI RACIEX,ndIVTASATERFOR.Theirclenachidef llhetherarietiess ormedyplaininetheegendsnig.0 re ENRICVSI RACIA,ndIVITASATERFORDE,ntwofhenglesutsideheressurenhebverseheres tarfiveays.Onig.1heegendsreENRICVSI RAE,ndiv-ITAsATERFORD.Fig.2 astarf iveayst achidef heowerrown,ndhelegendsre ENRICVSI RACIA,ndIVITASATERFOR.Figs.3 nd4 ref uderorkmanship,ndavecrossn heoweranglesutsideheressurenhebverseonheeversefne,heegendeginselow,ndnhether,theeftfherowns,hilen hirdpecimentheegendommencesnhesuallacetheseudeoinseighromwentyfiveowenty-sixrains.ig.4shenlyroathichhaveeenithouttheetternderherowns.Thereretherarietieshichiffernlyromhoseescribed,n hearrangementfheettersnheuartersfheross.Ofheoinsithoutheamefhelacefmintage,herereroats,alfgroats,ndennies.Therereeveralarietiesfheroats.ig.5s emarkablyineoin,itweighshirtyrainsa leur-de-lisccursnhreelacesn heegendsHENRICVSI RACIA,ndOMINOSBERNIE.ig.6eadsEXNLIERANC,andOMINOSBERNIE.ig.7s emarkableoravingOMINOSBERNIEnbothides,ndhe intarknhebverses rossormedyivemallellets. heextariety,ig.8,ashe ordersfhehield,ndheirclesformedf elletsheegendsreEXNGLIE-rancie,ndOMINOSBERNIEandig.9, hichsof imilarype,asnheeverseOMINVSIBERN.tweighsnlywenty-tworains.Theseourastroatsaveheailsf heionsoubledackn heamemannersnhe ublinroat.Fig.0PLVI.asheitzgeraldrmst achidefhehield,heegendsareEXNLIERA,ndOMINOSRERNIE.heetternderherownsdistinguishest romimilaroinsintednheeignf dwardheourth.Theing'samesnvariablyoundnheroatsf ublinndaterford,hilenhosewithouthelace-ofintaget ccursnlynhisroat.


15/37

64 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.Everyroatfhisypehichhaveeen,itherfEdwardheourthrHenryheeventh,as RERNIEnheeverse,utimonivesne,1.I.fig.5, hichasYBERNIE,ndig.6 fheamelateas ressureneachideikeheWaterfordroats,ndheegendsheames isig.4.Veryewalf-groatsrenownig.1 asnhebverserosserminatedbyellets,ndroseeforeheegendEXNGLRANCIEreverseOMNOSNIE,heetteriunderherowns,ndverhemrossatee,nsteadfthreennuletssthetherndsfherosstweighshirteenrains.hecrossateenheeverseeemsodentifyhisoinithheublinroat,ig.,whilehebverseorrespondsxactlyithomef healf-groatsfEdwardtheourth.Simon'salf-groat,ig.8,ppearso aveheamebversesheoinustdescribed,utheegendnheeversesDO1V1IBERNIE.Penniesrelsoeryareig.2asirclef elletsnachide,herossonhebverseswithoutitherelletsrnnuletsttsxtremities,heegendprobablyasexngl-IE.nheeverse,hichs otuarteredy ross,sthe ordRERNI,ividedquallyy mallrosstweighsixrains,ndereitnotorhe nderherowns,twoulde ifficulto ssignhisoinotsproperlacenherisheries.Mr.indsayasublishedpenny,itH nderherowns,heegendsareEXNGLIEndOMfSimonidotesitateo ppropriatellherecedingoinsoHenryheSixth,oris ordsre,Whetherheseoinseretruckeforeheear1460,rfterheear470,uringhehortimehisrinceadeassumedtherown,shardo scertainbutyheetter, hichsonllheieceswithhehreerowns,neighteemptedo elieve,hatheyereoinedduringhathorteriod,st eemso edistinguishingarkromhosefEdwardV.truckeforehatirne."TSeerishoinsf dwardheourth,igs.8,9.heracticefsingheiesf eceasedmonarchsasotnusualtswellnownhatenryheighth,n isirstoinage,sedisfather'siesandhaveatelyeenoinnheabinetfMr.uff,hichffordsmorenterestingllustrationfheactf ldieseingltered.r.uff'soinsDroghedaroatfRichardhehird,truckromdiesedydwardheourth,hichaslteredyunchingtheettersIC,vernvy,heemainsf hichreeryvident.fP1.I.ig.35. :r.age2.


16/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 5Thatheetterwaslacednderherownssdistinctiveark,s eryprobable,utheres otnyvidencehateveroupportheppropriationftheseoinsoHenryheixth,hoiedightearsreviousohentroductionofhehreerownypentoherishoinage.Simon'sonjecturehatheseoinswererobablyntendedorhreeennyandhree-halfpennyieces,"fppearso aveeenroundedn iramesWare'statement,hat,n 478,ibertyasrantedo he asterfhe inttooinpiecesfhreeence,woence,ndpenny,"thats,nheroportionf , , nd,whileheeightsfheoinsres, , nd, rroats,half-groats,ndennies,sheyreenominatednRic.II.ap.,nwhichtheypes articularlyescribed.TheppropriationfheseoinsoHenryheixth,asotuestioneduntilr.indsay,n isViewfheoinagefreland,"ransferredhemtoHenryheeventh,ndhatheyeretruckarlyn iseignsprobable,-fromhetylefworkmanshipndorrespondencenweightetweenhemandheoinsfEdwardhe ourthndichardhe hirdfheameype,fromheactf nefEdward'siesavingeensedorhebversefhehalf-groat,ig.1,-andheppointmentnheirstearfHenryheeventhofmasterfheoinagenheitiesfDublinnd aterford.Thisshe ostonvenientlaceo oticemalloin,hoseypes erydifferentromnythernownoinf nyf he enrys.he intarksa rossiercednheentre,ndheegendE-nri.cvsNSIB,heordseparatedymallrossesreverse,plainrossithosentsentre,IVITsallhatemainsfheegend,tweighsiverains.-(Fig.3.Thisoinsmuchefaced,utromheizefheirclendtsweight,tappearso aveeenntendedorpennyt s ifficulto ssignt o nyarticularate,heoseroveshattwasottruckreviousoheimefEdwardtheourth,nds ichardhe hirdoinedenniesithosenheeverse,11andhreerownroats,t snotnlikelyhatisuccessoroinedoneyfdifferentypes.heoseenniesfEdwardndichardaveunsndosesWare'sntiq.y arris,.15.I bid..15.IInelling'suppl.o imon,l..ig.7.VOL.IX.

fPage2.Simon,ppendix,o.VIII.


17/37

66 Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenuheeventh.alternatelynheieldfhebverse,hilenhisoinf enryeitherfhesebadgesppear.Onhetherand,t s owelievedhatenryheixthoinedoneytLondon,ristol,ndork,uringisriefestorationn 470,ndlthoughnoocumentaryvidencexistso rovehatenryxercisedisrerogativesnIrelandn 470,t snotmpossiblehathisennyayaveeenintednthatear.ithoutresumingodecidehisifficultuestion,mayemarkthathe ublinenniesoinedy dward,n 470,aveosenheentreftheeverse. THEECONDECTION.Therossateextendingohedgefheeverse,ithhreeelletsneachuarter,s heharacterommono llheoinsnhisection,hichompriseswoypesoneavingheing'seadithnpenrown-thethercrownithdoublerch.Theublinroatsithhepenrownresenteveralarieties,heyeighfromwenty-sixohirty-onerains.ig.4 asheegendENBICVSI RADNSYBEhNIE,nerwoelletsetweenheords,orefoilstheointsftheressurereverse,woelletseforehe ottoOSVIEVMDIVTORE'EVM,inhennerircle,IVITASVBLINIE.ig.5 asmintarkfourellets,andE'nheegendreverse,pelletfterIVITAS,nwhichaseenubstitutedor. Theegendfig.6s,HENRICVSELRANSYBEB,herearerefoilst omefheointsfheressuremintarknheeverse,crossiercednheentre,ndnhennerircleIVITASVBLNNIE.Theourollowingroatsavemallrosstheeginningfheegend,whichsHENBICVSrHENRICVSE1RANSIBER,mallrossesetweenhewords,ndrefoilstheointsfheressure.heintarknheeverseofig.7,s mallrossateeonig.8, refoilfig.9,aswomallcrosses,eforehemottoOSVIEVDIVTOREEV.ig.0 as IVITASDVBLIN,ndswithoutmintarknheeverse.Theamefheitynig.0 aseeneadVBLYM,uttappearsomeo aveeenlunderedyunchingheettersNwicenhe ietheletterakenor,s nlyhedoubledandhatakenor ,s double,sis videntromherojectiontheopfheetternheeft,hereashe iHawkins*Silveroinsf ngland,.08.


18/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 7is lwaysoundedtheopheoins videntlylundered,ndoesot arranthedoptionf eadingor hichheres otheruthority.SimonssignsoHenryheixthgroatfheameypes hoseowdescribed,ndonjectureshattwastruckbeforehisnfortunaterinceasdethronedy dwardheourth."r.indsayssentsoheppropriation,buthinksheoinastruckfterisestorationn 470,"s ells nothergroathicheasublished.fAlthought annoterovedhatheoinslreadyescribednhisection,belongoHenryheeventh,herereanybjectionsgainstssigninghemtoHenryheixth.Theres ovidencehatnyoinsereintedn relanduringenry'sbriefestoration,orvenhatisemporaryuthorityasecognizedn hiscountry,ndf oinsadeentruckthatime,ts otikelyhate ouldhaveenturedoeduceheeightfheroathichn 470asearlyortyonerains,ohirty-one,hereatesteightf nyfheseoinshaveetwith.Untileryatelytwasniversallyelieved,hatenryheeventhidnotoinny oneyithnpenrown,uthispinionsnownowno eerroneous,ndo uotehe ordsfMr.awkins,tmaye onsideredsestablishedeyondontroversy,hatenryheeventhidtrikeoinsithnopenrown."1TheoinhichedMr.uffohismportantiscovery,saYorkennyofThomasotherham,hoasrchbishopf hateerom480o 504.Mr.awkins,n isblendaluableork,escribespennyithheing'snamenhebverse,ndsavingherchbishop'snitial,T t neideftheeckndfleur-de-is t hether,ithn n heentrefheeverse"butsheepresentationfheoinfig.67s efective,nasmuchsithasotheT tneidefheeck,"subjoinheiguref nehichhasatelyomentoyossession.

P.2,nd1.II.ig.0. fP.7,nd1..ig.04.tSilveroinsf ngland,.20. P. 20.i2


19/37

68 Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.ThisittleoiniffersromhehreearietiesescribedyMr.awkins,nhavingmallrosst neidefheeckandtpossessesdditionalnterestin elationo ometherrishoinsfHenry,s illppearereafter.Itmayote misso oticeewarticularsfheoinshemselves.hesmallrossesnigs.7,8,9,0,smintarks,reimilarohosenoinsobe escribedereafter.heettersrequentlyubstitutedor,blunderwhichhaveotbservednnyfheoinsfEdwardheourth,trucknor bout470,romhichheseoinsrelsoistinguishedyhebsenceftheairnheing'sorehead,peculiarityommonohendoubtednglishandrishoinsfHenryhe eventh.heordIIBERnheegendsalsoremarkable,ndmaydd,t s otrobablehatuchvarietyfmintarkswouldaveeendopted,uringheeryhorteriod,ithinhichheseoinscouldaveeentrucky enryheixth.OneroatfheWaterfordints nowntheettershichrereservedonhebversereustufficientodentifytaselongingo nefheenrys.Theegendppearso aveeeniENRICE1RAEXNGLIRANCreverse,Posy!,c.ndIVITASATERFORDtweighshirty-tworains.-(Fig.1.Theastoinn hisivisionasargeross,intark,ndheegend.HENRICEIRAEXNGLR,ithmallinquefoilsetweenhe ordsreverse,osy',c.ndIVITASVBLINIE.hes epresentedy ,ndhebyn eversedtweighswenty-ninerains.-(Fig.2.Thisroatppearso eheink,soype,etweenherecedingoins,andhoseithheouble-archedrownnheextivision.Theoinsnheecondivisionfhisection,reistinguishedyhedouble-archedrown,urmountedyballndross.heumberf rchesntheressurearies,ndomeavepellett achointfheressure.TheegendnheroatssHENRICE1RAEXNGLR. henheking'sames nmostnstanceseversed,ndhe ordsreivideditherysmallrossrwoinque-foilsreverse,OSVIEVMIVTOREEVM,ndnheinnerircle,IVITASVBIINIEwhenn oodreservationheyeighromhirtytohirty-tworains.-(Figs.3,4.Simonayse adomeroatswithingle,ndthersithdoublearchedrown."dootnowf nyuchariety,ndhaveittleoubtuthisig.7sncorrectlyepresented.heegendsHENRICVSI RA.EXM.P. 2,


20/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.69AFR,ndt achointfheressureheresa mallrossnown llhearchedrownroatsfHenryhichhaveeen,heyavenlyENRIC,orhavenyfhemrossestheointsfheressurenheextlace,isoinhashe ottoOSVIEVMIVTORIVM,hichhavebservednlynoinsitha rossourcheenheeverse.Allheseifferencesan,erhaps,eccountedor,yupposinghatimonhadeforeimgroatimilaromyig.0,ndts eryemarkablehatherelativeositionfheettersnheeversesf isoinndinereheamethusosy'ndNIErenheameuarterfheross,nsteadf osy'ndcrvtsnmosttheroins.t s robable,hatheegendnhebverseasimperfect,ndhatheeficiencyasuppliedyopyingromgroatiththerchedrown,ndherchesfheressureayaveeenistakenorthosefherown.Thealf-groatasherownpparentlyithinglerch,urmountedithaballndross,heairnonglowingurls,refoilstheointsfheressure,ndnhereastheetternverted.heegendsHENRICI RAREXNLIEreverse,OSVIEVMDIVTOR,ndIVITASVLIN,ithcrossafterV.tweighswenty-onerainsndhalf.-(Fig.5.Therchesfherown,hichrelain,herrangementfheair,heonhereast,he eaningfwhichcannotxplain,heegends,ndhetrefoilstheointsfheressure,istinguishhisoinromheroats.hesmallrossnhennerircleaseenakenorn,but imilarrossccursathendfhe otto,ndlsonheeversefheenny,ig.2,n hichtcertainlyoesotepresentetter.heeightfhisieces onsiderablymorehanalffheroat;notherpecimenhichhaveeeneighsnlyfourteenrainsndhalf.Henryheeventh,n isifthear,ntroducedheypef herchedcrownnhenglishoins,tndhortlyfter1491icholaslint,hoeldseveralfficesn onnexionithhenglishint,nhearlyartfHenry'sreign,asppointedasterfhe intnDublinnd aterford.Fromheseatanferhatherched-crownroatsereintedy lint,ifMr.awkinsentionsDurhamennyf dwardheourth,ithnhereast.---SilverCoinsf ngland,.15.tHawkins,.07.


21/37

70 Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenyheeventh.andhisonjectures upportedyheeryloseesemblanceetweenheEnglishndrishoins,nypendorkmanship.Thealf-groat,otwithstandingllts eculiarities,ppearso e ontemporaryithheroats.Mr.indsayupposesheWaterfordroatfig.1o aveeentruckyIletiryheixthfterisestorationn 470."heegendfheoin,ow,ever,s otnavourfhisppropriation,ndheormfheettersaveomeresemblanceohosenheoinshichconceiveeretruckhilelintasmasterf he intsfDublinnd aterford.hisoins emarkableorhavingheairnheing'sorehead.Ialsoonsiderig.2o eheorkf n nglishrtist,t esemblesomeofherched-crownroatsn lmostveryarticularxceptherown,ndvenin hisheres omeesemblance,orfherossasestingnball,hearchesfheressureighteadilyeakenorhosefherown.THEHIRDECTION.Allheoinsnhisectionwithnexceptionaveheing'seadnthebverse,ndrossourcheeithhreeelletsnachuarter,nheeverse.heyaye ividedntowolassesirst,hoseavingdouble-archedcrownsecond,hoseithnpenrown.Theoinsnheirstlassaveherchedrown,urmountedyballndcrosstherchesresuallyormedf ellets,utn omepecimensheyreplaininesheumberf rchesnheressureoundheeadaries,ndhereareenerallyhreeelletst achointfheressure,omeavennuletswithinheressure,ndlsoetweenhe ordsfheegendheairs lwaysinongangingurls,esemblingn hisespecthenglishroatsfHenry.Allhepecimenshichhaveeenaveheetternheentrefheeverse,heyreudelyxecutedndheegendsre oreressefectiveheyappearo aveeenlipped,ndeighromwenty-sixowenty-eightrains.A oar'seads eryeatlyepresentedsccupyingheentrefheeversefgroat,publishedyimon,l. .ig.9.nhisnstance,uspecthatemistookheorboar'shead,ndhengravingeemsoepresentheoinnreatererfectionhanheriginalmyuspicionsupported,f otonfirmed,yiswnescriptionheays,heastfhesearchedcrowngroatsasnheeverse,nheentrefheross,boar'sead,intarkandhoughmuchlippedndorn,heyeighromwenty-sevenohirty-onerains."--p.2.


22/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 1Fig.6 asheegendENRICE1RAEXNLIER,ndnheeverseCIVITASVBLINEthe ottoppearso aveeenntendedor OSVIEVMADIVTORIVM.Theegendnig.7sHENRIESEIRAIESNLI,ndnheeverseCIVITASVBILINI.Onig.8heegendsre ENRIESI RREXE, ndIVITASDVBLINIE.Idootnowf nyalf-groatsfhisype.Theenny,ig.9,asnhebversedouble-archedrown,ndheetterH ndert,heegendsHENR.;reverse,rossiercedtachxtremity,andheegendIVITVStweighsiverainsndhalf.Theiercedrossnhisuriousittleiece,onnectstwithheoinsnthisection,uttsmorearticularlydentifiedithhem,yheormfheHnheing'same,hicheemso edenticalithheirstettern helegendnhebversefig.8.Its ifficulto ccountorheeculiaritiesfhisenny.hertisterhapsidotossessufficientkilloxecuteheadnomallcale,ndssubstituteort,ransferredhenitialfheing'sameromheeverseothebverse,herownn hich,esembleshatnheoinsnheirstection,whileherchesreheamesnheroat,ig.4.Therchedrown,heongangingurls,ndherossourcheenhereverse,lloncurnstablishingheppropriationfheseroatsoHenry.tis owdmitted,hathelainrossasotbandonednhenglishoinsuntilomeimefterheccessionfHenryheeventhandnhecotchseriestdoesotppear,hatherossourcheeasdoptedrioro heeignof amesheourth,hoasontemporaryithenrynoroesnynstanceoft ccurnheumerousoinstrucknrelanduringheeignsf dwardtheourthndichardhe hird,hilet nvariablyccurs,oreressmodified,nllherishoinsfHenryheighth;enceconcludehathesecoinseretruckubsequentoherched-crownroatsescribednheecondsection,ndhedeaf lacinghenitialfheing'samenheeverseayhaveeenerivedromotherham'senny.heudeannernwhichheyarexecutedakestprobablehatheyereothe orkf n nglishrtist,See.7.


23/37

72 Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.whileheccurrencefhe ordsENRIESndIES,mplyhatheyerexecutedyFrenchman.Theoinsnheecondlassavenpenrown,ndaye ividedntothoseavingressureoundheead,ndhoseithoutressure.hevarietiesfheirstindreumerous.Fig.0P1.II.asheegendENRICVSEIRACIAEXLIEreverse,POSVIEVMIVTORIVM,ndn hennerircleIVITASVBLINIE.ig.1,readsenri-cvsEIRATIAEXNLIEhe ottos lundered,ndnhennercirclethasIVITASVBLINE,he eingepresentedynnverted.Fig.42s ngravedohowheegreeowhicht s lunderednheeverse.Theumberf rchesn heressurenheseoinsariesromightoeleven,ndt achointheres mallross,heairs nongangingurls,justst ppearsnhenglishroatsfHenryithherchedrowntheyweighromwenty-sevenowenty-eightrainsndhalf.TheroathichimonublishedP1.II.ig.9 s elongingoHenrytheixth,s videntlyfheameypesmyig.0.Fig.3 ascrossintark,heegendsHENRIC-eira-CIAEXGL,withmallrossesetweenheords,hererehreerossesithinheressure,andheairsnongangingurlshe ottosPOSVIVMDIVTORIVEVM,andnhennerircleIVITASVBLINIE.hes epresentedy ,ndninverteds ubstitutedor tweighshirtyrains.Fig.4 asheairnhortloseurlstheegendsHENRI-Ce-IRACIAREXNGLE,ithnnuletsetweenhe ordstheetters epresentedydouble, snomefhree-crownroatstreverse,OSVI,c.ndIVITASDVBLINIEthasheetternheentrefheeverse,ndeighswenty-ninegrains.Theintarknig.5s mallross,heressureasnlyixrches,therowns erylat,ndheres rosst achidefheeck.heegendisHENRICeir-AciAEXLIERreverse,OSVIEVMDIVTORIVM,ndCIVITASVBLINItweighsnlywenty-threerains.Ofheroatsithoutheressureoundheeadhearietiesreeryumerous.Fig.6 asrosst achidefherown,ndheairnongangingSeeigs.6,8,9,LY.


24/37

Dr.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 3curlsheegendsHENRICVS1 RACIAEXNreverse,IVITASVBLINIEthe ottos lundered;tweighswenty-ninerains.ig.7s fheameype,butheegendsnothidesrenintelligibletweighswenty-sevenrains.Simon.'soinP1.II.ig.9sdentifiedithhisype,y antinghetressure,ndavingherosst achidefherownbutf heetailsf isengravingreorrect,heoins eryifferentromnyhaveeen.Fig.8sveryemarkableoin,thas oserinquefoilt achideftherown,ndlsosmintark,heairsnongullurls,ndheustsconcealedy rapery,esemblingloak,ENBICs llhatemainsfheegendtheeverses ltogethernintelligible,ndtweighsnlywenty-fourrains.Theoinn imon'shirdlatefig.0sofhisype,nds epresentedas eingerfectnveryespectit smucho eegrettedhatanyfhemosturiousoinshiche ossessedannotowe iscovered.Theemainingoinsnhisivisionrehieflyistinguishedyhebsenceofheressureoundheead.herowns pennderyhallow-theairisnhort,loseurls,hichtandutromheace-thehouldersre oredisplayedhannnyfherecedingoins,ndreithoutrapery-andhemintarks ross.heegendnhebverse,n tsmosterfectorm,s,HENRICVSI RACIAEXGL1ERreverse,OSVIEVMDIVTORIVM,ndnthennerircleIMSVBLIN1Ea ewaveIVITAStheamefheitysgenerallybridged,ndeveralrelunderedo nxtremeegree;heyeighfromwenty-fourowenty-ninerainsnd;lalf.Noalf-groatsrenniesfhisyperenown,ndublinshenlylaceofmintage.Theollowingistxhibitsheegendsfhe ostemarkablearietiesFig.9,IENRCVSIRACIAEXGLIER.OSVI-DEVMADIVT-ORIVM.IVI-TASDVBL-INIE.50,ENRCVSIRACIAEXGLIER.OSVI-DEVMADIVTO-RIVM.IVI-TASDVBLIM.51,IENRCVSIRACIAEXGNIE.OSVI-DEVMADIVT-ORIVM.IVI-TASDVBLIN.52, ENRCVSIRACIAEXCME.OSVIDEV1VIADIVTOR.IVITASDVBL.53,IENRICVSIRACIAEXGM.OSVIDEVMADIVTOR.IVITASDVBLI.54,IENIUCVSIRACIAEXGNLOSVIDEVMDEVTORIV.IVITASDVB.55,IENRICVSIRACIAEXGN.OSVI-DEVMIADIVT-ORIVM.IVI-TASD-DVBLINE.56, ENRICVSIRACIAEXGN.EMA3IIVITASDVBLA.IVI-TASDVBLIE.57,lundered. BlunderedcryITASDYEJAILVOL.IX. k


25/37

74 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.Ihaveadccasion,nmorehannenstance,o oubtheccuracyfSimon'sngravingsandt s lainhateometimesrredn ttemptingorestoreheegendfdefacedoin.isig.6,asRA,ut yig.5 asGRACIA,nds dentifiedithimon's,yavingheettersEnheameftheitynitedxactlys e asepresentedhem;ndyriend,he ev.J.W.Martin,asgroathichertainlyaseentruckromheameiesmine,utefectiven heegendxactlynhelacehereimon'siffersfromig.5.Mr. artin'soinaseenracedo imon'sossession.Ofhe anyoinsithoutheressurehichhaveeen,haveot etwithnyo erfectshosengravedn imon'sssay.herrors,oruchmustonsiderhem,hichppearnheegends,c.figs.6,7,8, ayeaccountedoryisttemptingoestoreartiallyefacedoins,hileheettersinhennerircleorrespondithiecesnownt resent.Inmakinghesebservations,byomeansntendonsinuatehatimonintentionallyisrepresentedheegendsnnyf isoins,nheontrary,amatisfiedhatisrrorsreo e ttributedo he antf pportunitiesnjoyedyisuccessors,ndis ork,hichemodestlytyledn ssaynly,"haseceivedwelleritedulogiumromheblendmpartialuthorfhe"Annalsfhe oinagefBritain."Mr.indsayasheirstriterhouestionedheorrectnessf imon'sappropriationfheroatsithoutheressureoHenryheifth;ndseveraldistinguishedumismatistsretillf pinion,hatheseroatsrehearliestinherisheries,t s ecessaryontertomeengthntoheiscussionfthisuestion.I shallirstayeforeyeaders,nbstractfMr.indsay'spinions,andhenroceedonvestigatehebjectionshichaveeenrgedgainstthem." tmustnheirstlaceebserved,"aysr.indsay,thatoecordshaveithertoeeniscovered,hichirect,r venefero,nrishoinagefromheeignfEdwardII.,ntilhe8thenryI.,459-1460."In hentroductiono hisssay,haveuotedollfheHenry.,andnotherfheHenryI.,hich,lthoughnknownoMr.indsayViewfheoinagefreland,.1.


26/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 5whene rote,endoupportispinionhatenryheifthidotoinmoneynreland.He extbserves,hisct38 enryI.wouldeemomplyhatseparateoinageorreland,f ypendtandardifferentromhatfEngland,ashenorheirstimedoptedif o,heoinsssignedoHenry.,viz.,os.6,, , , 0,fSimon,ouldotaveeentruckeforehatperiod,sheyiffernype,ndtill orenweightromnynglishoinshithertotruck."Ihavelreadyhown,hatf nyoneyasoinedn relanduringheearlyartfheeignfHenryheixth,t ughto e fheameeight,allay,ndssay,sheilveroneyadenLondon.heifferencenypewille oticedereafter.At ndjournedittingfhearliamentfhe8HenryI.,twasrderedthatheroathallassorive-pence,"ndnheseords,r.indsayremarks,t snearlyertainhatheseoinsustaveeenfhenglishstandard,henixtyrainsoheroat,therwiseheyouldotaveeenorderedo asstheatefpennyorehanheewIrishroatfortyfiverains,ndouldotossiblyaveeantrncludedheroatsivenySimonoHenry.,"nddds,lets owonsiderheoinshemselves,ndcomparehemithhenglishoinsfhe enrys.heirsteculiarityhichpresentstself,she antfheoubleressureoundheing'sead"-thenext,s herossourchynheeverse,"hen,heing'sitle,"ndastly,"heireight."Mr.indsay,ithheandourf nnlightenedndmpartialriter,ondudesyaying,havinghusivenoheoinsnppropriationeryifferentfromhatf imon,rndeedwilldmitf nytherriterhoasoticedthem,hinktairoayeforeyeaders,hepinionf earnedriendnwhoseudgmentnmatterselatingohenglishndrishoinage,havehegreatesteliance."WithhergumentsfMr.indsay,nupportf isppropriation,ullyconcur,ndhereforeeelmperativelyalledpononstituteigidnquiryintohebjectionsf isearnedriend,hosepinionsreeservedlyntitledtoheighestespect. See.3.k


27/37

76 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.Theirstbjectionsohe orkmanship,fwhicheays,comparingthoseroatsssignedy imonoHenry., ithhendoubtedoinagesfEdwardV.ndenryII.,shouldayhatheesignndorkmanshipftheormers oeryoor,mperfect,ndarbarous,hatomingromheamemintfDublin,cannotonceivehemubsequento dwardV.,ndtillesssupposehemontemporaneousithhosefherchedrownfHenryII.Tomeheyrevidentlyheirstroatsnherisheries,heorkmanshipfveryude,gnorantrtists,hoaderymperfectommandfheraver,oulddesignittle,ndxecuteess.""Theppearancefheust-theormfheetters-thelunderedegends-thelatrown-theircleoundheead,relloticedande dds,cannotutepeat,hatheirppearancendabricppearomeo xcludehemaltogetherromheoinagefHenryII."Theppearancefheustndheorkmanshipnheseoinss ertainlyveryudeyethe ifferenceetweenheoins,comingromheameintofDublin,"ay,n omeeasure,eccountedor,yheact,haticholasFlint,hoassculptoret roerris,"nhe intfLondon,n 486,asmadeverseerfhe intsfDublinnd aterford"n 491,ndasucceededn isfficenDublin,n 506,y homasalmoleliasrchibold,goldsmithnDublin."Theettersrehinndncertain"ethenheyreomparedithhoseonheudeoinsfHenryheeventh,ithherchedrownseeigs.6,37,8),twilledmitted,hatfheyreotdentical,heyearveryloseresemblanceohem."Therroneousegends,"reot oreemarkablehanhelundershichoccurnomefherishroatsfHenryheighth,fndreeryimilartoheegendsnigs.2 nd7, hich,nmypinion,redentifiedithhetimefHenryheeventh,y avingheairnongangingurls."Therownsquiteevel,"utt sdenticalithhatnheressuredgroatfig.5),ndearsloseesemblanceo herownsnomefheroatsdescribednheirstivisionfheecondection."Theeads ncircledymereine,naotdottedircle,"uch,odoubt,ppearso eheasen ewfheseoins,utnmostfhemhichLindsay,.4. tIbid.1.II.igs.47,48.


28/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 7Ihaveetith,heirclesmoreressndentedonig.3ts venoped,andeveralthersaveirclef elletseryistinctlyarked.Mr.indsay'sorrespondent,elyingnhebjectionshichhavendeavouredoefute,ays,hisswhatayeermedhenternalvidenceurnishedyheointself,ndomeompletelyecidesheuestion.""TherrayfActsf arliament,eightfoins,"c.reotllowedobe fmuchmportancebutcannotonsento ivephevidenceerivedfromuchuthorities,orherishoinsfEdwardhe ourthreenerallyfoundo entrictccordanceithhetandardixedyhe ctsandhileit sadmitted,hatheroatfHenry. houldeighixtyrains,"tappearsomencrediblehatnyroatshouldessuedyimt oowweightstwenty-eight"rains.It s lsosserted,hatooinageooklacen relandromheeathfEdwardI.oheccessionfHenry.,"ndhatfteruchapsefime(nearlyhundredears),hettemptt coinageayexpectedo eerywretched,ndots.Supposing,ssnatural,hatherishngraverouldmakeheurrentnglishroatisopy,s ears is antf bilityouldallowim,heopy,uchsweeet,smoredwardhe hird'sndRichardheecond's,handwardheourth's,-inheormer,argerpacewaseftnoccupiedyhe usthannheatterandherehertistouldscarcelyttempthelainircleurroundingheead,t sno onderhateabandonedheressure."Heregain,heuthorityf uthenticecordssdisregarded,orn 336(10dwardII. proclamationashenssuedyheingndouncil,ortheoiningf ennies,alfpennies,ndarthingsnreland". ndn 339,writ,ntitled,DeuneisnHibemiamittendis,"asssuedtandf tbeadmittedhathenglishoinshichaveheameEdwardus"elongoEdwardhehird,hisuestions ettledespectingherishoinsorn ebruary-,841,arthingasoundtTrim,nhebversefwhichs headwithinriangle,ndheegendDW-ARDV-SREXreverse,rossndellets,withIVITASVBLINIE."hisoins nheabinetfhe ev.ichardutler,ofTrim.ndf"nearlyhundredears"lapsedithoutnyoinageakingplacenreland,tdoesotollowhatheirstttempthouldecessarilyeSimon,.6. t bid.ppendix,o.I.


29/37

78 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.4veryretched,"orhearliestroatsintedn reland,fwhicheaveanyuthenticecords,ereswellxecutedshenglishoinsfheameperiodnoranperceivehatheoinsn uestionre oreikeheurrentnglishroat"hanherishoinsfEdwardheourth;orn llheLondonroatsfRichardheecond,nddwardhehird,hichhaveeen,theomans sednheamefheity,hilenheserishoinsfHenryitneverccurs.heormfheetters lsoifferentonHenry'soinstis lwaysoreressorked,ndeverquarethends,ssnvariablyhecasenheupposedodels.hebjectionfhelainircleoundheead,haseenlreadynswered,ndhetrikingesemblancen lmostveryespect(exceptheressurendrossest achidef eck),etweenig.5,ndheuntressuredroats,nduceseo elievehathertistbandonedheressure,"atherromhoicehannabilityoxecuteuchriflingrnament.It lsotrikeseseryxtraordinary,hatnrtistognorants aseensupposed,houldnventrossourcheeorheeversef isudeoinandowdidhelliteratertistwhot s onjecturedouldotpell"earnhatheGRAnheupposedodels,asnlynbbreviationor RACIA,hichsoundwithoutxceptionnhentressuredroats,s ells nomethersfwhichlittle,f nyoubtanxist,hatheyelongoHenryheeventh,shealfgroat,ig.5,ndheressuredroatsigs.0 nd5andhyidothecopyistdopthesualotto,utnsteadft ngravenisie,OSVIEVMADIVTORIVM.Severaluthoritiesreitedo howhatEXGLayaveeenlsosedin relandeforeheeignfHenryII." uthe ctf 0EdwardV.,whichrderedhatEXNGLIEhouldormartfheegendnheoins,asnoteenoticed,ndheres otnyrishoinnownithhisitle,hichanbeeferredo narlierate.heennyfHenryheixthasheegendHENRICVSNSIBNIE.In ringinghesebservationso onclusion,eeloundo cknowledge,that,f haveeent lluccessfulnstablishingpinionsifferentromhoseof recedingriters,thaseenhieflywingohedvantageenjoyedfhavingoargenumberfoinsfheifferentypeseforeet neiew.Itnownlyemainsor eo ssignucheasonss ppearowarrantheappropriationfheoinsn heastlateoHenryheeventh.See.6.


30/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh79Assuminghattwilledmittedhatheroatithherchedrown,ndthenheentrefheeversefig.6belongsoHenryheeventh,t anscarcelye oubtedhatigs.0,1,2,reearlyontemporaryithtGRACIAnheegend-therrangementfheair-andherossourcheentheeversereommono oth.herossnig.3 verherown,hichseemso aveinglerches,ndhe ordsEXGLnheegend,onnecthiscoinithhe ouble-archedroatsigs.3, 4, hileherossesithinhetressure,heordRACIA,ndheongurls,howowloselylliedt s ofigs.0 nd4,heatterfwhichs emarkableorhe nheentreftheeverse.herosst achidefheeckndheressurenig.5,connecttwithig.3,ndnverytherarticularts lmostdenticalithfig.0.Notwithstandingllhebjectionshichr.indsay'sorrespondentasmadegainstheppropriationoHenryheeventh,fhegroatsssignedby imonoHenry.,"edmits,heuriousroatnMr.indsay'sollection,ithoutressure,o e narlyroatfHenryII."omehisadmissionsmportant,etmustn omeeasureissentromt,nxpressingmyelief,hatheoinastrucknheatterartfHenry'seignheair,andherosst achidefherownonnecttwithig.1,hebsencefhetressureithig.5,ndheordIVITASccursnhehreeoinsfig.7sonlyblunderedarietyfig.6,ndig.8sveryemarkableoin.Ofheemainingoinsittleeedeaidthelunderedegendsnig.7areot oreemarkablehanhosenigs.2,7,nd8,ndhe antfhetressures hehiefistinctionetweenhemndig.5the ordRACIAonhe bverse-SIVITASnhreearieties,ndherossourcheenhereverse-andheormfheetters,oncurnmakingtprobable,hatllhecoinsn heastlateereintedboutheameimeandromhe anyvarietiesfype,ndheadtylefworkmanshipfheseoins,t s videntthathe intfDublinasnverynsettledtateunderheseircumstancesits oturprisingoindherchedrownbandoned,ndhepenrownesumedn laceft.I eelittleesitationown ppropriatingheseoinsoheatterartftheeignfHenryheeventh.ts otmprobablehatanyfhemereSeeig.6.


31/37

so Da.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.struckyGal-mole,hoasppointedasterfhe intfDublinnhethof uly,506,ndhate bandonedheressurenmitationfHenry'satestEnglishoinage.Icannotoncludeithoutcknowledgingybligations,ndxpressingygratitudeohosehoaveo indlyavourede ithhe eansfllustratingthiserybscureeriodfhe istoryfherishoinage.


32/37

J.Sn.z.chlt_PDel

%Ye-IA.-VOLxrx. -AITTIQna,LATE.1

18 19

6

15 116

7

9

112 13


33/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 1EXPLANATIONF HELATES.

PLATE.NO.DENOMINATION.._.... MINT.WEIGHT.AGE. EFERENCE.I.Groat. DubJin.7 rs.4 Mr.uff.2 Half-groat., 121 15 553 ,, ,, 13 55Dr. . mith.4 ,, ,, 12 55 555 59 13 12 55Deanf t.atrick's.6 Penny. 55 7 ,,7 Groat, Waterford.6 ,, Mr.ainti:ill.8 ff 55 28 Deanf t. atrick's.9 ,, ,, 28 16 ,,10 55 55 30 73 551 57 95 28 ,, Dr. . mith.12 ,, ,, 28 55Deanf t. atrick's.13 ,, 55 26 ,, Mr.ainthill.14 ,, 55425 55Mr.indsay.15 ,, 1 0 .35Deanf t. atrick's.16 59 3., 30 ,, Dr. . mith.17 ,, 27 ,,18 55 28 Rev.. utler.19 ,, 22 ,, Deanf t. atrick's....

VOL.IX.


34/37

82 DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh.PLATEI.

NO.DENOMINATION.INT.EIGHT.AGE. EFERENCE.20Groat.21Half-groat.22Penny.23 1, Dublin24Groat. Dublin.25 /3 5326 ,, ,527 /3 3528 39 5329 93 5530 9 3531 ,, Waterford.32 ,, Dublin.33 /3 3534 ,,35Half-groat.36Groat. 3337 3 3238 95 3339Penny.

26 rs.1365263028303031313229323021-1,2726285-

Deanf t. atrick's.Rev..W.Martin.Rev.. utler.53Deanf t. atrick's.Dr. . mith.Deanf t. atrick's.53Mr.ainthill.Deanf t. atrick's.Mr.ainthill.35Rev..W.Martin.Deanf t.atrick's.Mr.ainthill.Rev.. utler.

1617531819539953335559213555352224553355


35/37

29

35

39

22 2321 ANTIQUITLEPLATE3

'36 o2o0I.SnaL1f.Del,


36/37

_LI17I:TIIIE1,1_7:3.

56

510

ocb.SIDN'ot.cfc'48q 21"TP,

46

CictA174-.%.),


37/37

DR.MITHnherishoinsfHenryheeventh. 3PLATEII.

NO. ENOMINATION.INT.EIGHT.AGE.REFERENCE.40Groat. Dublin.7 rs.5Deanf t. atrick's.41 9, 7, 28 ,, 9942 /, 1, 27f 59 1943 99 99 30 ,I Rev.. utler.44 99 9, 29 9 Deanf t. atrick's.45 59 99 23 5146 9, ,, 29 ,, Mr.indsay.47 f ,, 27 26Deanf t. atrick's.48 )9 ,, 24 7, 7,49 ,, 7, 26 ,, 9950 9, ,, 24 !Y51 39 99 28 Dr. . mith.52 ,, ,, .25 Deanf t.atrick's.53 1, 59 28 ,, Mr.aintbill.54 ,, ,, 251 ,, Mr.indsay.55 91 !, 29i Dr. . mith.56 91 ,, 28 Deanf t. atrick's.57 ,, fP 29 Dr. . mith.

on the irish coins of henry the seventh / by aquilla smith

Documents