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Chemistry in Brine Production

OLI STUDIO: SCALECHEM MANUAL Instructions List

This material may not be printed without the following acknowledgement page.

Copyright 2015

Aqueous Process Simulations, Inc.

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Aqueous Process Simulations, Inc. (AQSim) provides the enclosed material for clients and selected individuals. The material may not be duplicated or otherwise provided to any entity without the expressed permission of AQSim.

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This material may not be printed without the following acknowledgement page.

About the Instructions Manual

This manual is the abbreviated version of the longer OLI Studio: ScaleChem (SSC) training manual. This manual accompanies the Chemistry in Brine Production course provided by AQSim. For a full copy of the training manual, please visit http://courses.aqsim.com/StudioSC/V9.2/.

Table of Contents

Chapter 2 – Brine Analysis & Scale Scenarios Task 1 – Add a Brine Analysis Task 2 – Add a Scale Scenario

Chapter 3 – Gas Analysis Task 3 – Add a Gas Analysis Task 4 – Recalculate the Scale Scenario

Chapter 4 – Reservoir Saturation Task 5 – Add a Saturation Calculation Task 6 – Recalculate Scale Scenario

Chapter 5 – Contour Diagrams Task 7 – Create an Initial Contour Diagram Task 8 – Explore the Contour Variables

Chapter 6 – Building a New Case Task 1 – Add a New Brine Task 2 – Add a New Gas Task 3 – Add a New Scale Scenario Task 4 – Add a New Reservoir Saturator Task 5 – Recalculate Scale Scenario Task 6 – Add a New Contour Diagram

Chapter 7 – Facilities Calculation Task 1 – Create a Production Operation Case Task 2 – Create the Olympus Choke Task 3 – Create the Titan Choke Task 4 – Create the Pipe Manifold Task 5 – Build a Pipeline Task 6 – Create the Slug Catcher Task 7 – Create the Separator Task 8 – Complete and Review the Process

Chapter 8 – Offshore High Pressure Gas Task 1 – Add a Brine Analysis

Task 2 – Add a Gas Analysis Task 3 – Calculate the H2O Content in Gas Task 4 – Create a Reservoir Object Task 5 – Calculate the Scaling Scenario

Chapter 9 – Oil Well with Gas Lift Task 1 – Add the GLV Brine analysis Task 2 – Add the Gas Cap Analysis Task 3 – Add the GLV Oil (Reservoir Oil) Task 4 – Add the Lift Gas Analysis Task 5 – Add the GLV-Reservoir (Saturator) Task 6 – Add the Well Production (Facilities)

Chapter 10 – Calculating Alkalinity Task 1 – Quantifying Alkalinity of Certain Anions Task 2 – Non-Carbonate Alkalinity Contributions Task 3 – Alkalinity Titration Curves Task 4 – Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Carbonate Alkalinity Task 5 – Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Acetate Alkalinity

Chapter 11 – Bathos P132 Production Task 1 – Create the Bathos P-132 Brine Task 2 – Create the Bathos P132 Gas Task 3 – Create the Bathos P132 Crude Oil Task 4 – Add a Scale Scenario Task 5 – Add a Saturator Task 6 – Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Saturated Brine and Oil Task 7 – Add a Contour Diagram

Chapter 12 – Mixing Waters Task 1 – Create an Injection Water Task 2 – Add a Mixing Water Calculation Task 3– Add an Acid Task 4 – Titrate the Acid Solution Task 5 – Create a Duplicate Tertiary Aquifer

Chapter 13 – Gladys McCall Task 1 – Add New Brine and Gas Analyses Task 2 – Run a Scale Scenario Task 3 – Create the Original Reservoir Saturator Task 4 – Create the Current Reservoir Saturator Task 5 – Run the Current Fluid in a Scaling Scenario Task 6 – Create an Injection Brine Task 7 – Saturate the Injection Brine at Surface Task 8 – Create an Initial Mixing Calculation Task 9 – Reduce the Injection Brine pH Task 10 – Recalculate the Mixing Water

Chapter 14 – Bathos-Gladys McCall Facilities Task 1 – Create the Production Operation Case Task 2 – Create the Bathos Wellhead Task 3 – Create the Bathos Separator Task 4 – Create the Gladys McCall Wellhead Task 5 – Create the Gladys McCall Separator Task 6 – Create the Holding Tank Task 7 – Create the Injection Well Task 8 – Create the Injection Reservoir Task 9 – Calculate and Review the Process

http://courses.aqsim.com/StudioSC/V9.2/

SSC Instructions List Chapter 2 — Olympus Brine Analysis and Scale Scenario 1

Chapter 2 — Olympus Brine Analysis and Scale Scenario

Task 1 – Add a Brine Analysis

Launch the software

From the menu bar, select File > Save As…

Type Course Scenario or another title in the File name field, then press Save

Table 1: Olympus 1 Brine Analysis

Cations mg/L Anions mg/L Measured Properties

Na+1 36000 Cl-1 57000 Temperature 25C

K+1 300 SO4-2 250 Pressure 1 atm

Ca+2 600 HCO3-1 600 pH 7.67

Mg+2 150 Alkalinity ---

Sr+2 80 Density (g/ml) 1.064

Ba+2 5 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)

96280

Add a Brine Analysis from the Actions pane or Menu (Streams> ScaleChem > Add Brine)

Select the Description tab

Change the brine name to Olympus 1 Brine

Select the Design tab

Click on the Display dropdown button and select Formula

Enter the concentrations from Table 1

Select the Show Non-Zero Only box

Make sure to select the Dominant Ion balance option type

Review the Dominant Ion Charge and Ions needed to balance tables in Summary box

Select the Reconcile (blue vertical) tab

Enter the measured pH (7.67), Density (1.064 g/ml), and TDS (96280 mg/L)

Keep the Equilibrium Calculation option selected

Leave the Allow solids to form box unchecked

Select the Calculate button or press the <F9> key

Select the Report tab

Review the Phase Properties table

In the Report tab, scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies

Scroll down to the Brine Composition table

SSC Instructions List Chapter 2 — Olympus Brine Analysis and Scale Scenario 2

Task 2 – Create a New Scale Scenario Calculation

From the menu bar, select Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Scenario, or select the Add Scale Scenario icon in the Actions pane

Select the Description tab or press the <F2> and rename the object Olympus 1 Scale Scenario

Select the Design screen then the Inlets tab

Select the right corner of the first cell in the Type column then select Brine (bbl/day)

Select Olympus 1 Brine from the dropdown menu in the Name column

Enter 1400 (bbl/day) in the Flow column

Select the Conditions tab (vertical blue tab on the left hand side of the Design screen)

Type in the following conditions or use the dropdown menu within the Location cells

Olympus 1 Scale Scenario Locations

Location Temp ( C) Press (atm)

Reservoir 125 275

Bottom hole 125 260

Downhole 115 190

Midwell 105 130

Wellhead 100 100

Choke 90 80

Separator 60 30

Make sure the Solid button in the menu bar is selected

Select the vertical (red) Solid tab

Select the Standard checkbox

Calculate

Select the Plot tab

Select the View Data button

Select the Curves button

Remove all the variables in the Y1 Axis field by clicking on the Y1 Axis title bar

Click the double left arrows

Open the Solid category and move CaCO3 to the Y1 Axis by double-clicking the component

Expand Additional Stream Parameters and move pH - Aqueous to the Y2 Axis by using the double arrow >> next to the Y2 axis

Press OK and view the Data Table

Select the View Plot button

Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 3 – Olympus Gas 3

Chapter 3 – Olympus Gas

Task 3 – Create a New Gas Analysis

Select Streams > ScaleChem > Add Gas or select the Add Gas Analysis icon from the Actions Pane

Select the Description tab, then rename the object Olympus 1 Gas


Switch the Display setting from Formula to Display Name

Switch the Template Manager from Standard to Expanded

Switch the Normalize Option from Makeup to Prorate

Enter the following composition and values in the Inflows grid:

Olympus 1 Gas

Formula Component Name mole %

H2O Water 1.80

N2 Nitrogen 3.00

CO2 Carbon dioxide 1.50

H2S Hydrogen sulfide 0.50

CH4 Methane 65.5

C2H6 Ethane 14.0

C3H8 Propane 8.00

C4H10 Isobutane 1.00

C4H10 n-Butane 3.00

C5H12 Isopentane 0.50

C5H12 n-Pentane 0.70

C6H14 n-Hexane 0.50

Select the Show Non-zero Only box

Task 4 – Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Gas

Select the Olympus 1 Scale Scenario icon in the Navigator pane


Select the Inlets grid

Click the bottom right corner of the 1st cell in the 2nd row then select Gas

Click the bottom right corner of the 2nd cell in the 2nd row then select Olympus 1 Gas

Enter a flow rate of 4000 std Mft3/day in the 3rd cell

Calculate or press the <F9> key

Select the Plot tab then select the Curves button

Select the Y1 Axis header to highlight all the Y1 variables

Select the double left arrow button to remove the variables

SSC Instructions List Chapter 3 – Olympus Gas 4

Do the same for the Y2 Axis

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies button by clicking the + sign

Highlight CaCO3 and double-click or select the >> button and add it to the Y1 Axis

Click OK

Select the View Plot button


Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 4 – Olympus Reservoir 5

Chapter 4 – Olympus Reservoir

Task 5 – Add a Saturator Calculation

Open the Course Scenario file

Select Calculations>ScaleChem>Add Saturator from the menu bar or select the Add Saturator icon from the Actions pane

Select the Description tag to rename the object Olympus 1 Reservoir


Use the pull-down menus to select the following Fluid types names, and flow rates

Olympus 1 Reservoir Inlets

Type Name Flow

Brine (bbl/day) Olympus 1 Brine 1400

Gas (std Mft3/day) Olympus Gas 4000

Enter the Reservoir conditions of 125°C and 275 atm in the Conditions section

Select the Solid (blue) tab


In the Select Inflows to Vary grid, use the drop down menus in the cells of the Solid column to select BaSO4 and CaCO3 (the Inflow column updates automatically)


Click the Report tab

Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table:

Scroll down to the Brine Composition tables

Scroll up to the Phase Properties table

Task 6 – Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Saturated Reservoir

Select the Olympus 1 Scale Scenario in the Navigator pane

Select the empty cells to the left of the first two rows then press the Delete key

With the inlets now empty, in the first row select Whole Fluid as the Type

In the Name column, select Olympus 1 Reservoir

Click the down arrow of the Flow cell and select <Automatic>

Select the Solid tab and make sure the Standard box is checked

Calculate

Select the Plot tab and select View Plot


Double-click to remove any variables in the Y1 Axis

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies field then double-click Dominant Pre-scaling Tendencies

Press OK and view the Plot

Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 5 — Olympus Production Contour Plot 6

Chapter 5 — Olympus Production Contour Plot

Task 7 – Create an Initial Contour Diagram


Add a Scale Contour by selecting Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Contour or double-clicking-Add Scale Contour in the Actions Pane

Rename the object Olympus 1 Contour


Select the bottom right corner of the 1st cell in the Inlet grid and choose Whole Fluid

Select Olympus 1 Reservoir in the 2nd column

Keep the <Automatic> flow rate option in the 3rd column

Click the Conditions tab

In the Temperature Range field, keep the Log box unchecked

Change the Start to 60

Change the End to 125

Select the Increment radio button

Enter 5 as the increment

In the Pressure Range field, keep the Log box unchecked

Change the Start to 30

Change the End to 275

Select the Increment radio button (uncheck the Log box first)

Change the Increment to 15

Select the Solid tab

Place a check next to the Standard box

Save your work

Press the Calculate button

When the calculation is complete, select the Plot tab

View the Plot

Task 8 – Explore the Contour Variables

Select the Contour button on the top right of the diagram

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category

Double-click BaSO4 (Barite)

Press OK

Select the Contour button

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category then double-click CaCO3 (Calcite)

SSC Instructions List Chapter 5 — Olympus Production Contour Plot 7

pH Diagram


Expand the Additional Stream Parameters category

Double-click pH – Aqueous

Press OK

Click on the View Data button and scroll down the table to see the general pH

Click on the View Plot button

Select Options button

Click the Contour category

Change the minimum and maximum values to 5.7 and 6

Press OK to close the window and view the plot

CO2 (aq) Concentration


Select the Aqueous category then

Double-click CO2

Press OK

CO2 (vap) K Value


Expand the K-Values category and select KCO2VAP: CO2VAP=CO2AQ

Close the window and review the plot

SSC Instructions List Chapter 6 — Titan Production 8

Chapter 6 — Titan Production

Task 1 – Add a New Brine


Add a new Brine Analysis and name it Titan 1 Brine


Enter the cations/anions from the table below in the Data Entry grid

Titan 1 Brine Analysis

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Neutrals mg/l Measured Data

Na+1 30000 Cl-1 40000 B(OH)3 100 Temp(C) 25

K+1 600 SO4-2 50 Pressure (atm) 1

Ca+2 150 HCO3-1 500 pH 7.5

Mg+2 150 C2H3O2-1 200 Alkalinity 600

Sr+2 50

Ba+2 25

Fe+2 2

Select the show non-zero option and keep the default balance option

Select the Reconcile (blue) tab

Enter the Measured Data from the table above (default temperature and pressure; 7.5 pH; 600 mg HCO3/L Alkalinity)

Select the pH Alkalinity Reconcile option


Save the file


Task 2 – Add a New Gas

Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Titan 1 Gas


Select the Display Name option

Select the Expanded template

Select the Prorate normalization

Enter the following composition:

Formula Component name Mole %

H2O Water 2.40

N2 Nitrogen 1.00


CH4 Methane 72.6

C2H6 Ethane 6.40

C3H8 Propane 4.00


C4H10 n-Butane 3.00



C6H14 n-Hexane 0.50

C6H12 cis-2-Hexene 0.40

C7H16 n-Heptane 0.40

C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

0.30

C8H18 n-Octane 0.30

C9H20 n-Nonane 0.10

C10H22 n-Decane 0.10

Check the Show Non-zero Only box

Save the file

Task 3 – Add a New Saturator

Add a Saturator and name it Titan 1 Reservoir


In the first row, select Brine as the type, select Titan 1 Brine as the name, and add a 600 bbl/day flow

In the next row, select Gas as the type, select Titan 1 Gas as the name, and add a 3000 std Mft3/day flow

In the Conditions field, enter the Reservoir conditions of 120C and 110 atm



Check the Standard solid box in the Solid Selection field

In the Select Inflows To Vary grid, make selections in the Solid column by clicking the bottom right corner of cells to open a list of Solids or Inflows

In the first row, select BaSO4 as the Solid

Click the Inflow cell, which will update automatically

Keep BaSO4 as the Inflow

In the second row, select CaCO3 as the Solid

Click the Inflow cell to open the list of inflows

Scroll through the list and select NaHCO3 as the inflow

Calculate then select the Report tab

Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies and Brine Composition tables

Save the file

Task 4 – Add a New Scale Scenario

Add a Scale Scenario and name it Titan 1 Scaling


In the first row of the Inlets grid, select Whole Fluid as the Type

In the next cell, select Titan Reservoir [Aqueous] as the name

In the third cell, keep the <Automatic> flow rate

Select the Conditions (blue) tab

Enter the location names, temperatures, and pressures from the from the table below (if a condition is not available in from the dropdown menu, type it in)

Titan 1 Scaling Locations

Location Temp. (C) Pres. (atm)

Reservoir 120 110

Perforations 120 100

2000 m 110 90

1000 m 100 80

Wellhead 90 70

Slug Catcher 60 50

Separator 50 40

Select the Solid tab then check the Standard box

Select the Calculate button or press <F9>

Select the Plot tab

Save the file


Task 5 – Add a New Contour Diagram


Add a Scale Contour by selecting Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Contour or double-clicking-Add Scale Contour in the Actions Pane

Rename the object Titan Contour


Select the bottom right corner of the 1st cell in the Inlet grid and choose Whole Fluid

Select Titan Reservoir in the 2nd column

Keep the <Automatic> flow rate option in the 3rd column


In the Temperature Range field, keep the Log box unchecked

Change the Start to 50.0

Change the End to 120.0

Select the Increment radio button

Enter 5.0 as the increment

In the Pressure Range field, deselect the Log box

Change the Start to 40.0

Change the End to 110.0

Select the Increment radio button (uncheck the Log box first)

Change the Increment to 5.0



Save the file


When the calculation is complete (this may take several minutes), select the Plot tab

View the Plot

Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 7 — Titan — Olympus Production Facilities 12

Chapter 7 — Titan — Olympus Production Facilities

Add a New Facilities Object

Select Calculations>ScaleChem > Add Facilities or select the Add Facilities action icon

Rename the stream Production Operations


Location Temp. (C) Pres. (atm)

Olympus choke 90 80

Titan Choke 90 70

TItan Pump 95 80

Pipe Manifold 75 75

Pipeline 60 65

Slug Catcher 50 55

Separator 40 40

Task 1– Create the Olympus Choke

Select the Add button

Double-click the node then type Olympus Choke as the name

Enter conditions of 90C and 80 atm

Beneath the conditions cells, select Whole Fluid as the Type

Select Olympus 1 Reservoir in the name column

Keep the <Automatic> flow rate

Task 2 – Create the Titan Choke


In the Name cell field, type Titan Choke


In the inlets field, select Whole as the Type


Select Titan 1 Reservoir in the name column

Keep the <Automatic> flow rate

Save the file

Task 3 – Create the Titan Pump


In the Name cell field, type Titan Pump


In the inlets field, scroll down to select Brine from

Select Titan Choke

Task 4 – Create the Pipe Manifold


In the Name cell field, type Pipe Manifold


In the first row, select Brine from then select Olympus Choke as the name

In the second row, select Brine from then select Titan Pump as the name

Save the file

Task 5 – Build a Pipeline


In the Name cell field, type Pipeline


In the inlets field, select Brine from

Select Pipe Manifold as the name

Task 6 – Create a Slug Catcher


In the Name cell field, type Slug Catcher



Select Pipeline as the name

Task 7 – Create the Separator


In the Name cell field, type Separator



Select Slug Catcher as the name

Select the Separate Gas and Separate Oil boxes

Save the file


Task 8 - Complete and reviewing the process

Make sure the Calculate Alkalinity box is unchecked

Select the Calculate button

Select the Plot tab when the calculation is complete


Remove Dominant Pre-scaling Tendencies from the Y1 Axis

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click all the species except the two FeS species

Press OK and review the plot


Save the file

SSC Instructions List Chapter 8 — Offshore High Pressure Gas Production with Low Water Cut 15

Chapter 8 — Offshore High Pressure Gas Production with Low Water Cut

Variable Value Units

Water flow 9 M3/day @ separator

Gas flow 2100 Std E3m3/day at separator

Separator Temperature 40 C

Separator Pressure 60 atm

Reservoir Temperature 130 C

Reservoir Pressure 650 atm

Task 1 – Add a Brine Analysis

Launch the software again or select File > New if the software is already open

Select File > Save As… and enter Offshore Production

Add a Brine Analysis

Press the <F2> key or use the Description tab to rename the stream Offshore Brine

Select the Design tab and enter the data from Table 1 below into the Data Entry grid

Table 1 – Analysis of the water sampled at the separator.

Cations Conc, mg/l Anions Conc, mg/l Neutrals Conc, mg/l Measured Properties Value

Na+1 3600 Cl-1 5300 B(OH)3 (Boric acid)

15 pH 6.8

K+ 0.7 SO4-2 12 Alkalinity 25

Ca+2 1.6 HCO3-1 0 Density 1.00

Mg+2 0.9 C2H3O2-1 37 Conductivity n/a

Sr+2 0.2 Br-1 4 TDS, mg/l 8950

Fe+2 0.1

Select the Expanded template to find ions not shown in the Standard template or simply type them into an empty cell

Change the Entry options to Formula to make components easier to enter

Put a check mark on the Show Non-zero Only box

Click the Reconcile tab

Add the Measured Properties from Table 1 (6.8 pH, Alkalinity of 25 mg HCO3/L, Density of 1 g/ml, and TDS of 8950 m/L)

Select the pH Alkalinity Reconcile button

Calculate

Task 2 – Add a Gas Analysis

Add a Gas Analysis

Select the Description tab, or press the <F2> and rename the object Offshore Gas




Select the Prorate normalization option

Enter the data from Table 2 into the Inflow grid

Table 2 – Offshore Gas Composition

Component Display Name Mole%

H2O Water 0

N2 Nitrogen 1.0


CH4 Methane 92.7

C2H6 Ethane 2.1

C3H8 Propane 0.8

*C4H10 Isobutane 0.1

C4H10 n-Butane 0.2

*C5H12 Isopentane 0.5

C5H12 n-Pentane 0.1

C6H14 n-Hexane 0.15

C7H16 n-Heptane 0.15

C9H20 n-Nonane 0.3

Toggle the Display between Display name and OLI Tag to distinguish between isomers

When finished entering the components, select the Show Non-zero Only box

Task 3a – Calculate the H2O Content in the Gas

Add a Saturator object

Name the object Offshore Separator

In the first row, select Brine as the Type

Click the blue unit text

Using the drop down menus, change the Brine Quantity units to m3/day

Change the Oil Quantity to m3/day

Change Gas Quantity to std E3m3/day (make sure the ‘std’ is selected)

Change Whole Fluid Quantity to m3/day

Press OK to return to the Inlets screen

In the first row, next to Brine, select Offshore Brine in the Name cell

Enter a flow rate of 9 m3/day

In the second row, select Gas as the Type

Confirm that the gas flow units are std E3m3/day

Select Offshore Gas from the Name cell


Enter the flow rate of 2100 std E3m3/day

In grid below the inlets, change the conditions the Separator to 40C and 60 atm



View the Aqueous Volume in the Phase Properties table (results may differ)

Scroll up to the Phase Properties table

Record the moles of Vapor and 2nd Liquid (condensate)

Scroll down to the Oil and Gas Composition table

Record the fraction of H2O in the gas and Oil (condensate)

Calculate the H2O moles in the Oil and Gas phases

𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑯𝟐𝑶 𝒊𝒏 𝑶𝒊𝒍 =𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍%

𝟏𝟎𝟎%∗ 𝟒𝟑𝟑. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟕𝒌𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍

𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑯𝟐𝑶 𝒊𝒏 𝑮𝒂𝒔 =𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍%

𝟏𝟎𝟎%∗ 𝟖𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍 = 𝟏𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟒𝒌𝒈𝒎𝒐𝒍

Task 3b – Add the Missing Water

Click on the Global Stream object to expose all the objects in the Action pane

Click on the Add Stream object to create a new stream

Press the <F2> or use the Description tab to rename the stream Makeup Water

Select on the Offshore Separator object in the Navigator

Click the Design tab

In the third row, select Whole Fluid as the Type

Confirm that the flow rate is m3/day (if not, select the blue-lettered units and change the units to m3/day in the edit units screen)

Select Makeup Water in the Name cell

Enter a flow rate of 2.43 m3/day (overwrite <Automatic>)

Calculate


Review the Brine volume in the Phase Properties table

Review the Gas and Oil composition – specifically the H2O composition


Assume Mass is Conserved from the Separator Outlets and the Reservoir

Separator T/P known

Equilibrium exists

ProductionMass/Moles in

Gas Mass/Moles Out

CondensateMass/Moles Out

BrineMass/Moles Out

Production Mass In = Gas+Oil +Brine Mass Out

Task 4 – Create a Reservoir Object and Input the Separator Fluid

Add a Saturator object from the Action pane

Press the <F2> key or use the Description tab to rename it Offshore Reservoir


In the first row, click on the Type cell and select Whole Fluid

Confirm that the units are m3/day – if not change them (please refer to page 8-5 for directions on changing units)

Click on the Name call and select Offshore Separator

Select Automatic flow (note the units are m3/day)

Enter the reservoir conditions of 130C and 650 atm

Calculate

Click on the Report

Look at the Brine Volume (Aqueous column).

Confirm that the volumes are in m3/day

Scroll down to the Brine Composition table

Review the concentrations

Scroll up to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table

Review the phases which have Pre-Scaling values greater than 1

Save the file


Task 5 – Calculate the Scaling Scenario

Add a Scaling Scenario

Give it the name Offshore Production


Select Whole Fluid in the Type row

Click the blue unit text

Change the Brine and Oil Quantity units to m3/Day, the Gas units to std E3m3/day, and the Whole Fluid units to m3/day using the drop down menus then press OK

Press OK to return to the Inlets screen

Click on the Name cell and select Offshore Reservoir

Select Automatic flow

Click on the Conditions tab

Enter the following conditions into the grid

Offshore Production Conditions

Location Temp (C) Press (atm)

Reservoir 130 650

Bottomhole 130 630

SSSV 70 340

Tubing head 65 320

Choke 60 280

Flowline 5 200

Separator 41 60

Click on the Solid tab then select the Standard Solids button

Calculate or select the <F9> key

Click on the Plot to review the scale tendencies

Click on the Curves button

Remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis by selecting the Y1 Axis header then pressing the << button

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category then double-click NaCl, FeCO3, and CaCO3

Expand the Phase Flow Properties category then select Volume – Aqueous and add it to the Y2 Axis

Click OK to view the plot

Click on the View Data button to review the values

SSC Instructions List Chapter 9 — Oil Well with Gas Lift 20

Chapter 9 — Oil Well with Gas Lift

2500 m MD

2450 m MD

1200m MD GLV exit

WellheadGas

SeparatorOil

Separator

Lift Gas

Gas Cap

Reservoir oil/brine

Oil to Sales

Brine to Disposal

Gas to Sales

Reservoir

Brine

Oil

Cementing Mineral (Calcite)

1250m MD before GLV

Save and close any cases currently on the screen

Select File > New and save the file as Chapter 8 - Lift Gas Well

Task 1 – Add the GLV Brine analysis

Add a new Brine Analysis name it

Enter the cations/anions from the table above in the Data Entry grid

GLV Brine Analysis

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Neutrals mg/l Measured Data

Na+1 15500 Cl-1 26000 B(OH)3 60 Temperature (C) 15

K+1 350 SO4-2 20 SiO2 26 Pressure (atm) 1

Ca+2 800 C2H3O2-1 30 pH 7.2

Mg+2 170 Alkalinity 140

Sr+2 120 TDS, mg/l 42000

Ba+2 60

Select the show non-zero option and keep the default balance option (Dominant Ion)


Enter the Measured Data from the table above (15C for temperature, 1atm pressure, 7.2pH, 140 mg HCO3/L alkalinity, 42000 Total Dissolved Solids)



Save the file


Task 2 – Add the Gas Cap gas Analysis

Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Gas Cap




Gas Cap Analysis Composition

Formula Component name Mole % Formula Component name Mole %

H2O Water 0 C9H20 n-Nonane 0.11

N2 Nitrogen 2.1 C10H22 n-Decane 0.09

CO2 Carbon dioxide 1.33 C11H24 n-Undecane 0.07

CH4 Methane 90.5 C12H26 n-Dodecane 0.03

C2H6 Ethane 2.37 C13H28 n-Tridecane 0.02

C3H8 Propane 1.25 C14H30 n-Tetradecane 0.02

C4H10 Isobutane 0.46 C15H32 n-Pentadecane 0.01

C4H10 n-Butane 0.59 C16H34 n-Hexadecane 0.01

C5H12 Isopentane 0.32 C6H6 Benzene 0.01

C5H12 n-Pentane 0.34 C7H8 Toluene 0.02

C6H14 n-Hexane 0.44 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 0.02

C6H12 cis-2-Hexene 0 C8H10 1,3-dimethylbenzene 0.03

C7H16 n-Heptane 0.36 C8H10 1,2-dimethylbenzene 0.01

C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0


Task 3 – Add the GLV Oil (Reservoir)

Add an Oil Analysis and label it GLV Oil

Enter the data in the following table

GLV Oil Analysis Composition

Formula Component name Mole % Formula Component name Mole %

H2O Water 0 C14H30 n-Tetradecane 1.86

N2 Nitrogen 1.5 C15H32 n-Pentadecane 1.86

CO2 Carbon dioxide 1.19 C16H34 n-Hexadecane 1.49

CH4 Methane 38.69 C17H36 n-Heptadecane 1.30

C2H6 Ethane 3.38 C18H38 n-Octadecane 1.29

C3H8 Propane 3.11 C19H40 n-Nonadecane 1.19

C4H10 Isobutane 2.66 C20H42 n-Eicosane 0.91

C4H10 n-Butane 2.44 C21H44 n-Heneicosane 0.82

C5H12 Isopentane 2.02 C22H46 n-Docosane 0.74

C5H12 n-Pentane 1.57 C23H48 Tricosane 0.67

C6H14 n-Hexane 3.24 C24H50 n-Tetracosane 0.57

C6H12 cis-2-Hexene 0 C25H52 n-Pentacosane 0.50

C7H16 n-Heptane 3.7 C6H6 Benzene 0.08

C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0 C7H8 Toluene 0.37

C8H18 n-Octane 2.87 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 0.34

C9H20 n-Nonane 2.45 C8H10 1,3-dimethylbenzene 0.65

C10H22 n-Decane 2.80 C8H10 1,2-dimethylbenzene 0.29

C11H24 n-Undecane 2.63 Pseduocomponent (next step)

C12H26 n-Dodecane 2.36 C30PLUS PseudoC30 6.15

C13H28 n-Tridecane 2.33 nBP=476 MW= 394

Select the Pseduocomponents tab

Type the name C30PLUS then press <Enter>

Give it a value of 6.15

Enter the Normal Boiling Point (°C) of 476

Enter the Molecular Weight of 394

Select the Combined tab and check if the Pseudocomponent registered

Task 4 – Add the Lift Gas Analysis

Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Lift gas





Lift Gas Composition

Formula Component Name Lift Gas


N Nitrogen 1.9

CH4 Methane 81.35

C2H6 Ethane 7.2

C3H8 Propane 4.87


C4H10 n-Butane 1.71



C6H14 n-Hexane 0.13

Select the Reconcile tab and enter conditions of 15°C and 1 atm

Task 5 – Add the GLV-Reservoir (Saturator object)

Add a Saturator and name it GLV Reservoir

Select Tools > Units Manager

Use the first dropdown field to change the units to Scale Metric then press OK

In the Inlets tab, select Brine from the first blank Type cell

Select GLV brine from the name cell , and add a 96 m3/day flow

In the next row, select Oil type, select GLV Oil as the name, and add a 1000 std E3m3/day

In the Conditions field, enter the Reservoir conditions of 107C and 170 atm


Check the CaCO3 (calcite) box in the Solid Selection field

In the Select Inflows To Vary grid, select CaCO3 as the Solid

Click the Inflow cell to open the list of inflows

Scroll through the list and select NaHCO3 as the inflow



Save the file


Task 6a – Add the Well Production (Facilities)

2500 m MD

2450 m MD

1200m MD GLV exit

WellheadGas

SeparatorOil

Separator

Lift Gas

Gas Cap

Reservoir oil/brine

Oil to Sales

Brine to Disposal

Gas to Sales

1250m MD before GLV

Add a Facilities object and name it GLV Production

Select Tools > Units Manager

Use the first dropdown field to change the units to Scale Metric then press OK

In the Inflow Specs tab, add a total of nine nodes by pressing the Add button 8 times

Enter the following inlets and conditions

Descriptions of GLV Production Nodes in Facilities Calculation

Node Node Name T (°C) P (atm) Type Inlet Name Flow Separate

1 2500m MD 107 170 Whole Fluid GLV Reservoir Automatic

2 2450m MD 107 150 1. Brine from

2. Gas

1. 2500m MD

2. Gas Cap

1. Calculated

2. 5 std E3m3/day

3 1250m MD before GLV 95 100 Brine from 2450m MD Calculated

4 1200m MD GLV exit 81 53 1. Brine from

2. Gas

1. 1250m MD before GLV

2. Lift Gas

1. Calculated

2. 30 std E3m3/day

5 Wellhead 60 70 Brine from 1200m MD GLV exit Calculated

6 Gas Separator 40 30 Brine from Wellhead Calculated Gas, Oil

7 Oil Separator 70 15 Oil from Gas Separator Calculated Gas, Oil

8 Gas to Sales 15 1 1. Gas from

2. Gas from

1. Gas Separator

2. Oil Separator

1. Calculated

2. Calculated

9 Brine to Disposal 15 1 1. Brine from

2. Brine from

1. Gas Separator

2. Oil Separator

Calculated

Calculated

Save the file


Task 6b – Studying the Facilities plot/report and making modifications to the calculations

Press the <F9> key or the Calculate button

Select the Curves

Expand the Phase Flow Properties then doubleclick the following curves: Volume, Std. Conditions – Vapor, Volume, Std. Conditions – Second Liquid, and Volume – Aqueous

Press OK then select the View Data button

Remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis

Expand MBG Aqueous Totals and double-click Ba(+2), Ca+2, Cl(-1), and S(+6)

Press OK and view the table

Press the Curves button and remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis

Expand the Additional Stream Parameters category and double-click pH

Expand the Pre Scaling Tendencies category and double-click Dominant

Expand the Solids category and plot any solids

Press OK and view the table

SSC Instructions List Chapter 10 — Calculating Alkalinity 26

Chapter 10 — Calculating Alkalinity

Quantifying Alkalinity of Certain Anions

Create a new file called “Alkalinity”

Add a new brine analysis

Rename it Alkalinity

Bicarbonate


Find HCO3-1 in the Anions grid and give it a value of 100 mg/l

Select the Reconcile tab

Calculate at default reconciliation conditions (Equilibrium Calculation)

Document the pH and alkalinity

In the Navigator pane, right-mouse click Alkalinity and press copy

Right-mouse click the Streams icon, then select paste, repeating this 7 times

Rename the objects so that the anion they contain will be easily identifiable: Alkalinity-Bicarbonate Alkalinity-Carbonate Alkalinity-Hydroxide Alkalinity-Acetate Alkalinity-Borate Alkalinity-Sulfate Alkalinity-Chloride Alkalinity-Bisulfide

Carbonate

Select the Alkalinity-Carbonate brine analysis stream

Remove the 100 mg/l HCO3-1 and add 100 mg/l CO3-2

Select the Reconcile tab and recalculate

Hydroxide

Select the original Alkalinity or the Hydroxide brine analysis stream

Remove the HCO3- concentration and add 100 mg/l OH-


Non-Carbonate Alkalinity contributions

Acetate

Select the original Alkalinity or the Acetate brine analysis stream

Zero out any existing concentrations and add 100 mg/l acetate C2H3O2-1



Borate

Select the original Alkalinity or the Borate brine analysis stream

Remove any existing concentrations and add 100 mg/l borate, B(OH)4-1


Sulfate

Select the original Alkalinity or the Sulfate brine analysis stream

Remove any existing concentrations and add 100 mg/l sulfate (SO4−2)


Chloride

Select the original Alkalinity or the Chloride brine analysis stream

Remove any existing concentration and add 100 mg/l chloride (Cl-) then


Bisulfide

Select the original Alkalinity or the Bisulfide brine analysis stream

Remove any existing concentration and add 100 mg/l bisulfide (HS−)


Alkalinity Titration Curves

Create the 1N HCl Reagent with Studio ScaleChem

Add a new brine analysis

Name it 1 N HCl

Type HCL in the neutrals section with 36,453 mg/l

Select the show non-zero box

Select the Reconcile tab then calculate

Save the file

Create the 1N HCl Reagent with Stream Analyzer

Select the Global Streams icon in the Navigator pane

Double-click the Add Stream icon in the Actions pane

Press the <F2> key and change the name to 1N HCL

Select the Units Manager then use the Quicklist button to pick Metric, concentration

Press OK then enter HCl as an inflow with a concentration 36,453 mg/L

Create an Alkalinity Titration

Add a Mixing Water object

Rename it Alkalinity Titrator

Change the Brine Volumes to ml (per day)

Select the bottom right corner of the Name cell and pick 1 N HCL as the first brine

Set the total volume to 1000 mL/day


Bicarbonate Titration Curve

Select the bottom right corner of the Name cell in the Second Brine row and pick the Alkalinity – Bicarbonate (the original Alkalinity brine) as the second brine

Select the blue, vertical Conditions tab

Type 2 in the first column and first row then press tab and type 0 in the second row

Change the Auto Steps amount to 20 then select the Auto Step button


Select the Plot tab and select the Curves button

Remove all existing plot variables in the Y1 Axis by highlight the Y1 axis header then select the << arrow button

Expand the Aqueous category and add HCO3-1 to the Y1 axis

Expand the Additional Stream Parameters category and add pH-Aqueous to the Y2 axis

Press OK and view the plot

Click the View Data button

Copy the data to a spreadsheet program by holding down the left arrow, highlighting all the points and pressing <Ctrl+C>

Carbonate Titration Curve

Return to the Design >> Inlets screen

Replace the second brine with the Alkalinity – Carbonate stream

Select the Conditions tab and change the 1N HCl flow from 2 ml to 4 ml (top cell)

Make sure Auto steps are at 20 and select the Auto Step button then calculate

Select the Plot tab then select the curves button

Add CO3-2 from the Aqueous categories to the Y1 Axis

Press OK and view the Plot

Click on the View Data button then copy data to a spreadsheet program.

Save the file

Hydroxide Titration Curve

Return to the Design>Inlets tabs and replace the Carbonate stream with Hydroxide

Select the Conditions, tab then overwrite the first cell with 7 ml

Press the auto step button, press calculate then plot pH and OH- (mg/l)

Calculate

Remove the carbonates

Add OH- from the Aqueous section to the Y1 axis

Select the view data button and copy the data to a spreadsheet and Save the file

Acetate Titration Curve

Repeat the same procedure for Acetate

Determine what the maximum HCl volume needs to be (largely through trial and error)


Always reset the auto steps to 20

Press calculate then plot pH on the Y2 Axis and acetate ion (C2H3O2-1)to the Y1 axis

Click on the View Data button then copy the data to a spreadsheet program

Borate Titration Curve

Redo the calculation for Borates

Decide upon which species are important to plot

Click on the View Data button and copy data to a spreadsheet program

Sulfate Titration Curve

Repeat for Sulfate

Click on the View Data button and copy the data to a spreadsheet program

Save the file

Bisulfide Titration Curve

Change the mixer to accept the bisulfide alkalinity as the 2nd brine either by adding the Alkalinity Bisulfide brine or by redoing the alkalinity brine for bisulfide

Set the maximum flow in the conditions tab to 4 e-6

Set the steps to 20 then press Auto Step button and calculate

Plot pH on the Y2 Axis and bisulfide (H2S) ion on the Y1 axis

Click on the View Data button copy data to a spreadsheet program

Interpreting the Titration Data

Move to the spreadsheet

plot the pH vs. Ratio of brines

Plot the species concentrations vs. pH

Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Carbonate Alkalinity

Return to the original Alkalinity (or Alkalinity-Bicarbonate) brine

Add 23000 mg/l Na+ and 35453 mg/l Cl-

Return to the Alkalinity Titrator object and select the Inlets tab

Change the second brine to the new Alkalinity-Bicarbonate brine

Set the Max HCl to 2ml and press the Auto Steps

Calculate, Select the Plot tab, then the Curves button

Remove all the variables from the Y1 and Y2 axes

Add pH-Aqueous from the Additional Stream Parameters section the Y1 Axis

Copy the data to the Spreadsheet and plot original HCO3- titration with this one

Click on the Alkalinity Titration’s Inlets tab and change the temperature to 75C

Calculate

Plot the pH vs. HCl ratio for the three 100 mg/l HCO3- calculations (25C, 25C & 1N NaCl,

and 75C & 1N NaCl).

Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Acetate Alkalinity


Return to the Alkalinity brine

Keep the 23000 mg/l Na+ and 35453 mg/l Cl- erase HCO3-1 and add 100 mg/l acetate-1

Balance and calculate

Return to the Alkalinity Titration stream and set the maximum HCl ratio to 0.002.

Calculate recalculate so as to create the following pH vs. HCl ratio plot

SSC Instructions List Chapter 11 – Bathos P — 132 31

Chapter 11 – Bathos P — 132

Task 1 – Create the Bathos P-132 Brine

Start the OLI Studio and start working from a new file

From the menu bar, select File > Save As…

Name the file Bathos-GM Scenario or another name, then press Save

Add a Brine Analysis and rename it Bathos P132


Enter the composition from the table below in the Data Entry grid

Bathos P132 Brine Analysis



Ca+2 250 SO4-2 16 Pressure 1 atm

Mg+2 35 HCO3-1 217 pH 7.2

Sr+2 15 Alkalinity 217

Ba+2 0.3 Density 1.001

Fe+2 2.1

Select the Show Non-Zero Only box

Look in the lower right of the Summary box and note the charge balance output.


Enter the measured pH (7.2), alkalinity (217), and density (1.001)

Select the Report tab and review the Phase Properties table


Turn on the Allow Solids to Form Button

Select the Design tab then select the Reconcile grid

Select the Allow solids to form button



Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table

Scroll up to the top table in the Report tab and compare these properties with the previous calculation’s properties

Comparing Results

Scroll down to the Brine Totals

Compare the Ca+2 and HCO3- concentrations to the values entered


Turn Off the Allow Solids to Form Button

Return to the Design tab

Uncheck the Allow solids to form button

Calculate then save the file

Task 2 – Create the Bathos P132 Gas

Add a new Gas Analysis then rename it P132 Gas


Switch the Normalize Option from Makeup to Prorate

Enter the following composition and values in the Inflows grid:

P132 Gas

Component mole %

H2O 1.3

CO2 2

CH4 96.7



Select Saturate with H2O from the dropdown box


Calculate

Save the file


Task 3 – Create the Bathos P132 Crude Oil

Add an Oil Analysis then rename it P132 Crude

Click the Assay tab, the third vertical tab from the top

In the <Enter Assay Name> cell, type ASSAY, then press the <Tab> key

In the Entry Options field, keep the ASTM D86 type

Keep API-8 as the Thermo Method

Enter the value 39 in the Density box

Select API Gravity

Change the number of cuts to 12

Enter the volumes and temperatures from the bottom right table in the Distillation Data grid

Assa

y D

ata

Name ASSAY

Dis

tillati

on

data

Volume% Temparture(°C)

Entry Options 1 16

Type ASTM D86 5 21

Thermo API-8 10 31

Density # 39 20 38

Density API Gravity 30 52

No. of Cuts 12 40 59

50 67

60 87

70 101

80 119

90 142

95 158

100 197

Change the Assay mole% from 0% to 100%


Select the Saturate with H2O option

Enter conditions of 54°C and 12 atm

Calculate

Save the file


Task 4 – Add a Scale Scenario

Add a Scale Scenario and rename it P132 Scale Scenario

First Row: Brine

In the Type column, select Brine (bbl/day)

In the Name column, select Bathos P-132

In the Flow column, enter 1000

Second Row: Gas

In the Type column, select Gas (std Mft3/day)

In the Name column, select P132 Gas


Third Row: Oil

In the Type column, select Oil (std bbl/day)

In the Name column, select P132 Crude


Select the Conditions tab

Enter the following conditions:

P132 Scale Scenario Locations

Location Temp ( C) Press (atm)

Reservoir 99 252

FBHP 88 218

Midwell 82 184

Midwell2 71 122

Wellhead 71 68

Lab 25 1




Select the Plot tab

Save the file


Task 5 – Add a Saturator

Add a Saturator and rename the object P132 Saturate


In the first row, select Brine (bbl/day), then Bathos P-132, and enter a 1000 flow

In the second row, select Gas (std Mft3/day), then P132 Gas, and enter a 400 flow

In the third row, select Oil (std bbl/day), then P132 Crude, and enter a 5000 flow

In the Conditions area, enter the Reservoir conditions of 99°C and 252 atm


Place a check in the box next to CaCO3 in the Standard solids category

In the Select Inflows to Vary grid, select CaCO3 in the Solid column

Select CaCO3 in the Inflow column

Calculate then click the Report tab

Scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies and Brine Composition tables:

Save the file

Task 6 – Recalculate the Scale Scenario with the Saturated Brine and Oil

Add a new scale scenario and rename it P132 Saturate Scenario


In the Type column, select Whole Fluid (bbl/day)

In the Name column, select P132 Saturate

In the Flow column, use the dropdown menu to select <Automatic>

Select the Conditions and enter the following conditions

P132 Saturate Scenario Conditions


Reservoir 99 252

FBHP 88 218

Midwell 82 184

Midwell2 71 122

Wellhead 71 68

Lab 25 1.0

Select the Solid tab, then select the Standard box

Calculate then select the Plot tab


Remove Dominant Pre-scaling Tendencies from theY1 Axis

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category, then double-click CaCO3


Save the file


Task 7 – Add a Contour Diagram

Add a Scale Contour and rename it P132 T/P Scan

In the Type column, select Whole Fluid (bbl/day)

In the Name column, select P132 Saturate

In the Flow column, select <Automatic>


Keep the default Temperature Range: Start at 25C, End at 100C

Select the Increment radio button, then enter 5.0 as the increment

In the Pressure Range area, keep the Log button selected

Change the following in the Pressure Range: Start at 1, End at 250, Number of Steps 10

Save the file then press the Calculate button

When the calculation is complete, select the Plot tab

Click the Contour button

Expand the Scaling Tendencies category, then double-click CaCO3

Press OK to close the Contour Variable window and review the plot

SSC Instructions List Chapter 12 – Injection water mixing in Bathos reservoir 37

Chapter 12 – Injection water mixing in Bathos reservoir

Task 1 – Create an Injection Water

Add a Brine Analysis and name it Tertiary Aquifer


Enter the following composition in the Data Entry grid

Tertiary Aquifer Composition



Ca+2 110 SO4-2 34 Pressure 1 atm

Mg+2 89 HCO3-1 417 pH 7.2

Sr+2 15 Alkalinity 417

Ba+2 0.2 Density 1.002

Fe+2 0.4

Check the Show Non-zero Only box


Enter the measured pH (7.2), Alkalinity (417), and density (1.002)

Calculate then save the file

Task 2 – Add a Mixing Water Calculation

Add a Mixing Water calculation and name it Injection Well


Click the bottom right corner of blank cells in the Name column to select inlets

For the First Brine, select Tertiary Aquifer

For the Second Brine, select P132 Saturate

Enter a flow rate of 1024 bbl/day

For the Optional Oil, select P132 Saturate

Enter a flow rate of 5744 std bbl/day overwriting <Automatic>

Enter the reservoir conditions of 99°C and 252 atm


Change the mix type to Flow

In OLI Studio version 9.2, the values for the mix conditions defaults to the value entered for the First Brine flow rate, which in this case was 1024 bbl/day. If using a different version of the software, follow the first three steps below.

In the Enter Values columns, add an initial value of 1024 bbl/day

Press <Enter>

In the cell below, put in a 0.0 value then press <Enter>


Change the Steps to 10

Press the Auto Step button

Select the Solid (red) tab then click the Standard box

Press <F9> to calculate


Select the Y1 axis header then click the << button to remove any variables

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click CaCO3t

Press OK then view the plot

Save the file

Adjusting the Tertiary Aquifer

Task 3 – Add an Acid with a Brine Analysis

Add a new Brine Analysis and name it Acetic Acid


In the neutrals section, type Acetic Acid or CH3COOH

Add a value of 61,000 mg/L for the Acetic Acid


Select the blue Reconcile tab

Keep the default values then press <F9> to calculate

Save the file

Task 4 – Add an Acid with a Stream

From the Menu Bar, select Streams > Add Stream or select the Global Streams then double-click the Add Stream icon in the Actions Pane

Rename the stream object Acetic Acid

Select the Units Manger button then use the Quick List to select Metric, concentration

In the Inflows grid, below the H2O value, enter Acetic Acid or CH3COOH

Give it a value of 61,000 mg/L

Add a Single Point > Isothermal calculation then press <F9> to calculate

Task 11 – Titrate the Acid Solution into the Injection Water

Select Calculations > ScaleChem > Add Mixing Water or select the Actions icon

Rename the object pH Adjustment


In the First Brine cell, select Acetic Acid and enter 1000 bbl/day as the Flow

In the Second Brine cell, select Tertiary Aquifer

Enter the reservoir temperature 99°C and pressure 252 atm


Select Ratio as the mix type using the dropdown menu


Click the gray box next to the top row then drag the cursor own until all rows are highlighted then press the <Delete> key

In the Enter Values grid, enter 0.0 in the first cell of the left column then press <Enter>

Enter 0.01 in the second cell then press <Enter>

Type 20 in the steps box then select the Auto Step button

Select the Calculate button or press <F9>

Select the plot tab, then select the Curves button

Select the Y1 axis header then click the << button to remove any variables

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click CaCO3

Expand the Inflows category and add CH3COOH to the Y2 Axis

Press OK to view the plot

Task 12 – Creating a Duplicate Tertiary Aquifer with Acetic Acid

Right-mouse click the Tertiary Aquifer stream in the Navigator pane and select copy

Right-mouse click the global Streams icon then select paste

Select the Tertiary Aquifer-1 then select its Design tab

In the Data Entry grid, remove the check from the show non-zero only box

In the neutrals section, type in CH3COOH (acetic acid)

Give it a value of 119 mg/L – the value we found in the previous step which drops the CaCO3 pre-scaling tendency to below one

Select the Injection Well object in the Navigator pane

Select the Design tab and use the dropdown menu in the Inlets grid to replace Tertiary Aquifer with Tertiary Aquifer-1

Select the Conditions tab and change the mix type to ratio

Click the gray box next to the top row then drag the cursor own until all rows are highlighted then press the <Delete> key

Add 0 in the first cell and press <Enter>

Add 1 in the second cell and press <Enter>

Change the auto steps to 20 then press the Auto Step button

Calculate then select the Plot tab

Select the Curves button and remove CH3COOH from the Y2 Axis

Select the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and add CaCO3 (Calcite) to the Y1 Axis


Save the file as we will continue working within it in the next two chapters

SSC Instructions List Chapter 13 – Gladys McCall HT/HP Production 40

Chapter 13 – Gladys McCall HT/HP Production

Diagram for Tasks 1-5

Task 1 – Add New Brine and Gas Analyses

Start a new file or continue working from the previously made file

Add a new Brine Analysis and name it Gladys McCall Brine


Enter the cations/anions from the table below in the Data Entry grid

Gladys McCall Brine

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Measured data

Na+ 13074 Cl-1 21586 T (C) 25

K+ 121 SO4-2 150 P (atm) 1

Ca+2 800 HCO3-1 300 pH 7.18

Mg+2 249 HS-1 76.2 Alkalinity 300

Sr+2 89 Density 1.02

Ba+2 2

Fe+2 0.5

Select the show non-zero option and keep the default balance option


Enter the measured data from the table above


Select the Calculate or press <F9>

Save the file

Add a new Gas Analysis and name it Gladys McCall Gas


Select the Design tab and enter the following composition

Gladys McCall Gas

Component mole %

H2O 1.3

N2 0.08

CO2 1.5

H2S 0.5

CH4 balance

Make sure to keep the Makeup normalization option

Check CH4 then

Press the <F9> key to calculate

Task 2 – Run a Scale Scenario

Add a Scale Scenario and name it Midlife Scaling

In the first row, in the Type column, select Brine (bbl/day)

In the Name column, select Gladys McCall Brine


In the second row, in the Type column, select Gas (std Mft3/day)

In the Name column, select Gladys McCall Gas


Select the Conditions tab and enter following conditions

Midlife Scaling Conditions


Original Reservoir 177 532

Current Reservoir 177 245

FBHP 171 238

Midwell 143 170

FTP (wellhead) 121 109

Choke 93 82

Separator 49 54

Select the Solid tab then check the Standard box

Calculate button or press <F9>



Select the Y1 header then select the << button to remove all the variables

Expand the Solid category and double-click each species (except Dominant Solid)

Press OK to close the window then save the file


Reservoir Saturation

Task 3 – Create the Original Reservoir Saturator

Add a Saturator and name it Original Conditions


Use the dropdown menus to select the following components and values

Original Conditions

Type Name Flow

First Row Brine (bbl/day) Gladys McCall Brine 200

Second Row Gas (std Mft3/day) Gladys McCall Gas 9000

In the Conditions area, enter the Original Reservoir conditions of 177C and 532 atm

Press the <F9> key to calculate



Saturation with CaCO3


Select the Solids grid

Select the checkbox next to CaCO3 in the Standard species list

Select CaCO3 in the Solid column in the Select Inflows To Vary grid

Click the adjacent Inflow cell



Original Conditions with CaCO3 saturated

Save the file

Task 4 – Create the Current Reservoir Saturator

Add a new saturator and name it Current Conditions


Use the dropdown menus to select the following components and values

Current Conditions

Type Name Flow

First Row Brine (bbl/day) Gladys McCall Brine 2000

Second Row Gas (std Mft3/day) Gladys McCall Gas 1400

In the Conditions area, enter the Current Reservoir conditions of 177C and 245 atm



Saturation with CaCO3




Check CaCO3 in the Solid Selection list

Select CaCO3 in the Solid column of the Select Inflows to Vary grid

Click the adjacent Inflow cell



Save the file

Task 5 – Run the Current Saturated Fluid in a Scaling Scenario

Add a new scale scenario and name it GM Current Scaling


In the first row, in the Type column, select Brine (bbl/day)

In the Name column, select Current Conditions

In the Flow column, select <Automatic>

In the second row, in the Type column, select Gas (std Mft3/day)

In the Name column, select Gladys McCall Gas


Select the Conditions tab and enter the following conditions:

Gladys McCall Current Scaling Locations


Current Reservoir 171 245

FBHP 171 238

Midwell 143 170

FTP (wellhead) 121 109

Choke 93 82

Separator (HP) 49 54

Select the Solid tab and place a check next to the Standard box

Calculate, select the Plot tab then select the Curves button

Select the Y1 Axis header to highlight all the Y1 variables then select the << button

Open the Solid category

Double-click each available solid (except Dominant Solid) to add them the Y1 Axis


Save the file


Looking at the Pressure Maintenance Aspects of the Well

Gladys McCall Brine at Current conditions

Gladys McCall Gas atCurrent Conditions

Current Reservoir

Injection Water

Current Reservoir

Task 6 – Create an Injection Brine

Add a new Brine Analysis

Name it Gladys McCall Injection Water

Select the Design tab then enter the following cations/anions

Gladys McCall Injection Water Composition

Cations mg/l Anions mg/l Measured data

Na+ 6462 Cl-1 11853 T (C) 25

K+ 1214 SO4-2 2 P (atm) 1

Ca+2 524 HCO3-1 321 pH 7.1

Mg+2 125 HS-1 3 Alkalinity 321

Sr+2 87 Total Dissolved Solids 20619

Ba+2 12

Fe+2 16

Select the Reconcile tab and enter the Measured data from the table above

Select pH Alkalinity Reconcile as the Reconciliation Type then Calculate

Save the file

Task 7 – Saturate the Injection Brine at Surface Conditions

Add a new saturator and name it Injection Brine Saturation

In the first row, select Brine (bbl/day) as the Type

Select Gladys McCall Injection Water as the name

Enter a flow of 1000

Enter the holding tank conditions of 32C and 1 atm


Check CaCO3 in the Solid Selection list

Select CaCO3 in the Solid column of the Select Inflows to Wary grid

Press <F9> to calculate

Select the Report tab and scroll down to the Pre and Post Scaling Tendencies table

Save the file


Task 8 – Create an Initial Mixing Calculation

Add a Mixing Water and name it GM Injection


Click the bottom right corner of blank cells in the Name column to select inlets

For the First Brine, select Injection Brine Saturation

For the Second Brine row, select Current Conditions

Enter a flow of 2000 bbl/day

For Optional Gas, select Current Conditions

Enter a flow of 1400 std Mft3/day



Change the mix type to Flow

Delete all the values in the grid

Enter 0 in the first cell then press <Enter> then enter 2000 in the second cell

Change the auto steps to 10 and press the Auto Step button

Select the Solid tab and check the Standard solids box

Press <F9> to calculate then select the Plot tab


Click the Y1 Axis header then press the << button to remove all the variables

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category and double-click the following species: BaSO4, CaCO3, CaSO4, CaSO4.2H20, FeCO3, NaCl, and SrSO4


Task 9 – Reduce the Injection Brine pH

Select the Gladys McCall Injection Water in the Navigator pane

Select the Data Entry tab

Deselect the Show Non-zero Only button if it is turned on

Type Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) in the neutrals section

Give it a value of 100 mg/l


Change the temperature to 182C

Change the pressure to 265 atm

Save the file

Task 10 – Recalculate the Mixing Water

Select the GM Injection mixing water object within the Navigator stream

Press <F9> to calculate then select the Plot tab

If the previously made curves do not appear, then follow the last 3 steps of Task

SSC Instructions List Bathos/Gladys McCall Production Facilties 46

Bathos/Gladys McCall Production Facilties

Surface Mixing of Two Brines

Bathos-Gladys McCall Production Scenario

Preparing the Facilities File

We can skip this section and proceed to Task 1 if the Bathos and GM wells are already in the same file.

Select File > New to start a new file

Save the new file as Bathos-GM-Facilities or another filename

Open the files with the Bathos and Gladys McCall objects

Right mouse click on a needed object and select copy

Right mouse click on the Streams Icon in the Bathos-GM-Facilities file

Select Paste

Copy and paste the following to the new file: Bathos P132 P132 Gas P132 Crude Gladys McCall Brine Gladys McCall Gas

Task 1 – Create the Production Operation Case

Select Calculations>ScaleChem> Add Facilities or select the Add Facilities action icon

Rename the stream Production Operations


Task 2 – Create the Bathos Wellhead


Type Bathos Wellhead then press <Enter>

Enter conditions of 71C and 68

In the Inflows area, select Brine as the Type


Select Bathos P132 as the name

Enter a flow rate of 1000


Select P132 Gas as the name

Enter a flow of 400

In the third row, select Oil

Select P132 Crude as the name


Save the file

Task 3 – Create the Bathos Separator


Type Bathos P132 Separator then press <Enter>

Select the Separate Gas, Separate Oil, and Drop Solids boxes

Enter separator conditions of 43C and 20 atm

In the Inflows area, select Brine from

Select Bathos P132 Wellhead in the name column

Task 4 – Create the Gladys McCall Wellhead


Type Gladys McCall Wellhead then press <Enter>


In the Inflows area, select Brine as the Type

Select Gladys McCall Brine as the name



Select Gladys McCall Gas as the name


Task 5 – Create the Gladys McCall Separator


Type Gladys McCall Separator then press <Enter>

Select the Separate Gas, Separate Oil and Drop Solids boxes

Enter separator conditions of 66C and 54 atm


Select Gladys McCall Wellhead in the name column

Save the file


Task 6 – Create the Holding Tank


Type Holding Tank then press <Enter>

Enter tank conditions of 32C and 1 atm


Select Bathos P132 Separator as the name

In the second row, select Brine from

Select Gladys McCall Separator as the name

Task 7 – Create the Injection Well


Type Injection Well then press <Enter>

Select just the Drop Solids checkbox

Enter well conditions of 32C and 54atm


Select Holding Tank as the name

Task 8 – Create the Injection Reservoir


Type Injection Reservoir then press <Enter>


In the first row, select Brine from

Select Injection Well as the name

In the second row, select Brine

Select Gladys McCall Brine as the name

Enter a flow rate of 2000

Task 9 – Calculate and Review the Process



Deselect the Calculate Alkalinity box below the Calculate button

Select the Calculate button

Select the Plot tab when the calculation is complete


Remove all the variables from the Y1 Axis

Expand the Pre-scaling Tendencies category then double-click BaSO4, CaCO3, CaSO4, CaSO4.2H2O, FeCO3, NaCl, and SrSO4

Press OK and review the plot

Save the file

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