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FastCAP Systems Corporation 21 Drydock Ave. 8th Floor East

Boston, MA 02210

(857) 239-7500

www.fastcapsystems.com

Oil and Gas Technology Prep

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Oil and Gas Technology

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OIL AND GAS OVERVIEW

FastCAP’s high performance, harsh environment ultracapacitors enable significant

improvements in the way that downhole and subsurface systems are designed – reducing

weight, volume, and complexity while improving performance and relaxing design constraints

on current technologies. Our ultracapacitors provide higher power, require little to no

thermal management, withstand high shock and vibration on a component and module level,

and are not subject to the volatility associated with chemical batteries. In applications where

batteries are currently oversized for power handling, we expect dramatic reductions in total

energy storage system weight by complementing those batteries with ultracapacitors. In

cases where the battery designer would be forced to trade off energy for power, the

ultracapacitor relaxes those design constraints enabling a more optimal solution – longer life, higher performance, lower volume and

weight. In applications where pulsed power is routed long distances, we expect dramatic reductions in wire harness weight by

providing point of load (POL) power buffering. In some applications, we expect the ultracapacitor to be a complete replacement of

less optimal battery technologies.

KEY APPLICATIONS AND BENEFITS

1. Enable high pulsed power to state of the art and high performance telemetry and sensing tools

2. Enable Lithium free drilling operations by providing flow-off power to downhole turbines

3. Enable Very high temperature downhole power when coupled with a downhole turbine

4. Down-size or eliminate heavy and volatile downhole batteries in pulsed power applications or memory logging applications

COMPANY OVERVIEW

FastCAP Systems is an energy storage company started in 2009 from research conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Initially funded from an ARPA-E grant for advanced energy storage research and also DoE

for geothermal technology researcy, FastCAP now operates in Boston, Massachusetts and

maintains a workforce of roughly 20 employees. FastCAP specializes in ultracapacitor

devices and systems for a variety of markets including energy exploration, aerospace and

defense, automotive, and stationary storage. FastCAP's ultracapacitors are a unique form

of energy storage that offer unparalleled performance in high reliability and extreme

environment applications. They are lithium free, high powered, rechargeable devices

which operate in extremely high temperature, shock, and vibration conditions enabling

unprecedented performance in some of the most challenging environments found in the

oil & gas, aerospace, and defense industry.

FastCAP is ready to engage on projects and partnerships to advance its technology for short-term, near-term and long-term business

opportunities. FastCAP’s wealth of experience in developing specialized ultracapacitors and ultracapacitor-based systems opens the

door to a suite of technology and potential not seen anywhere else in the energy storage industry. Additionally, FastCAP’s

competency in advanced nanomaterials provides opportunities to complement and broaden its wide array

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TECHNOLOGY: EXTREME ENVIRONMENT ENERGY STORAGE AND SYSTEMS

FastCAP’s line of high-temperature ultracapacitors introduces the first practical rechargeable energy storage available for extreme

temperature environments. FastCAP’s technology provides engineers with a new means for down-hole power generation, storage,

and delivery enabling higher performance, higher efficiency, safer, and less expensive operations.

HIGH TEMPERATURE DOWNHOLE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

FastCAP’s core exploration technology is an ultracapacitor cell specifically designed for

the oil and gas market. Each extreme environment (EE) cell is capable of 150°C

operation with 20g vibration and 500g shock survival. There are currently no other

capacitors on the market capable of matching the high reliability and high

performance of FastCAP extreme environment ultracapacitors.

The EE cell technology was validated in the oilfield throughout an aggressive testing

campaign of FastCAP’s Ulyss EM telemetry system (ET) that took place from October

2014 to December 2015. The EM telemetry system consists of an APS DiPole module

outfitted with a high energy ultracapacitor module and custom power electronics for

charging and signal amplification. By utilizing the ultracapacitors for rechargeable

energy storage, the ET system is capable of more than 150W output power without

exceeding 40W input power. The results showed a greater signal to noise ratio without

diminishing battery lifetime.

Over 20 wells were completed throughout the Eagle Ford, DJ, and Bakken regions over

the course of the testing program. The performance of the high power electronics and

capacitor modules was validated across a full range of drilling operations. Significant

improvements to the surface signal detection hardware and software were also

confirmed to mitigate the effects of highly dissipative formations and severe electrical interference.

VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

• Shock and vibration resistance technology

– Engineered internal connections to withstand shock and vibrations

• Proprietary, high performance electrolyte – Wide voltage window – Optimized for high power and

extended lifetime

• Laser welded & hermetic package – Operation in vacuum and

harsh environments

• Proprietary electrodes – Low internal resistance (ESR) – Great cycleability

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FastCAP’s high-temperature ultracapacitors exceed the performance capabilities of any other ultracapacitor on the market, enabling

new fields of exploration and development.

The graph to the right illustrates data

gather by Sandia National Laboratory

showing 200°C operation over 4000 hours

with less than 10% increase in ESR and

roughly 20% increase in capacitance over

this period. In comparison, traditional

ultracapacitors typically have a maximum

temperature of 65°C. This technology

represents a significant step in high-

temperature rechargeable energy

storage.

Development so far has brought the

technology to TRL 4. Through strategic

investment, the technology can be

developed further for system-level

prototyping and integration.

NEXT GENERATION ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

FastCAP has a wide range of technology at various readiness levels (TRL’s). Each of these technologies represents an opportunity to

advance new products and opportunities. Some of FastCAP’s next generation technologies are outlined below.

NEXT GENERATION HIGH TEMPERATURE CELL - TRL3-4

150°C - 1.5V/1.65V cells - Higher operating voltage to increase energy density and power density at high temperature

environments

o Broad Operating Temperature (-40°C to 150°C)

o High Voltage

o Shock & Vibration Resistant

o Hermetically Sealed

o Eco-Friendly

o Weldable Stainless Steel Terminals

o Designed and Assembled in the USA

Applications

o Downhole Power for Oil & Gas

o Power Buffer for Actuators

o Backup Operating and Long Time Storage

o High Temperature Ambient

o Energy Harvesting in harsh environments

EXTREME HIGH TEMPERATURE CELL - TRL2-4

200°C - 250°C - 300°C cells developed under NASA NNX15CP59P

o Extremely High Thermal Stability


o Compact and Lightweight Design

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Cap

acit

ance

an

dES

R V

aria

nce

Time (Hrs.)

GT_2015042901_01_200C

Capacitance ESR

200°C

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o Long Lifetime at 250°C

o Remains Operable at 300°C

o Safer than Lithium Batteries

Applications

o Downhole Power for Oil, Gas, and

o Geothermal Industries

o Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and

o Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

o Backup Operating and Long Time Storage

o High Temperature Ambient

o Energy Harvesting

RTC COIN CELL (REAL TIME CLOCK) - TRL4-5

3.6V (3 cells in series), extremely low leakage current - 200nA

o Extremely Low Leakage Current

o Long Hold Up Time


o Large Voltage Window

o Long Cycle Life

o Eco-Friendly

Applications

o Real Time Clock (RTC) backup power

o Programmeable Logic Controllers (PLCs)

o Relays & solenoids: starters, igniters, actuators

o CMOS, RAMs, microprocessors & timers for integrated circuits

o Electric Utility Meters

o Motor Control Units

o Solar Inverters

DOWNHOLE ULTRACAPACITOR MODULES

FastCAP has designed ultracapacitor modules for a variety of systems and operating environments. We currently hold a variety of

materials, tools, and standard designs to enable faster module delivery and testing. The capacitor module depicted below is one

proposed for downhole turbine generator buffering. This module is based on a design validated for field deployment as part of

FastCAP’s Ulyss ET downhole EM transmitter. The 6kJ pack is enough to power a 20W downhole sensing and telemetry load for roughly

5 minutes while mud flow is off in drilling operations.

Figure 1: 6kJ Ultracapacitor Module

Cell Type EE150-350

No. Cels 23

Max. Temp. 150°C

Max. Voltage 28V

Max. Energy 6kJ

Housing Anodized Alu.

O.D. 1.5 in

Connectors MDM-37

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OIL AND GAS APPLICATION STUDIES

DOWNHOLE TURBINE GENERATOR “FLOW-OFF” ENERGY STORAGE

Typical downhole generation consists of a mud turbine that generates power through mud flow through the tool. Typically, critical

sensing and communication operations occur when there is no mud flow. Thus, high-temperature Lithium Thionyl Chloride batteries

are used in conjunction with the generator to provide ride through power while mud flow is off. Unfortunately, these batteries present

significant handling, storage, and shipping safety concerns. Furthermore, they are incapable of being recharged, limiting lifetime utility

and requiring multiple battery packs for long duration wells even if a generator is present.

A solution to these problems is found in FastCAP’s ultracapacitor technology. Such an ultracapacitor module is capable of supporting

operations while the mud flow is off in the same manner as a standard Lithium Battery. However, the module is capable of being

recharged as needed, enabling long duration operation that would other require multiple battery packs or multiple trips to replace

the batteries. Additionally, the capacitor module contains no hazardous materials removing dangerous storage and handling

conditions while relieving the operators of slow and expensive shipping restrictions.

Eliminate Lithium Ion Batteries from the drilling operation

Eliminate the variable cost associated with batteries

Improve shipping and handling logistics and safety

BATTERY REPLACEMENT FOR LOGGING TOOLS

Logging tools typically employ downhole batteries to power the sensors and electronics while downhole. A high temperature

ultracapacitor bank can be used instead with the following benefits.

Eliminate Lithium Ion Batteries from the drilling operation

Eliminate the variable cost associated with batteries

Improve shipping and handling logistics and safety

Reduce human intervention: Instead of replacing the battery every few jobs, simply recharge the ultracapacitor bank on

surface

PULSED POWER BUFFERING

High power mud pulse tools, LWD tools, and downhole actuators tax battery systems in performance and lifetime. FastCAP’s high

temperature ultracapacitors are a high power alternative that provide power buffering in a number of applications. Benefits of this

solution include:

Extended battery runtime

Consistent performance to the load throughout the battery lifetime

Ability to use safer, higher capacity, moderate or low-rate batteries

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EM TELEMETRY BOOSTING

High power EM tools in particular can be

enhanced to access formations and basins

where EM telemetry has not been able to

succeed in the past. This method charges a

high power ultracapacitor bank in between

transmissions (during silence periods) and

provides a high power burst of telemetry

when the data is needed for the directional

drilling operation. The success of this

method has been proven by FastCAP in the

Eagle Ford and DJ basins. The data below

shows telemetry data received from

FastCAP’s downhole EM Booster

throughout the vertical, curve and lateral

sections of an actual well drilled in the DJ

Basin Colorado.

PRODUCTION WELL MONITORING

The success of a well is largely dependent on the success of the fracturing process that takes place after well completion. Poor fractures

result in poor production yields. Engineers typically rely on surface sensors

to monitor the fracturing process and ensure complete fractures. However,

surface monitoring often results in difficult to read and ambiguous data.

Relying on surface measurements also limits possible fracturing procedures,

resulting in more complex and less reliable fracturing processes.

By placing the sensing and communication devices downhole, engineers can

directly monitor fracturing events with little to no loss of critical time and

pressure data. Communication electronics downhole transmit high

resolution pressure, temperature, fluid identification, and flow data back to

the surface for accurate and dependable fracture updates. Using such a tool,

engineers can optimize the fracturing process for speed and safety while

ensuring successful fracture events. Such technology may also be used during production. Flow generators coupled with FastCAP’s

ultracapacitor modules support long term power support for measurement and communication.

FastCAP has developed and deployed technology for EM transmission and reception through their Ulyss ET platform that has

completed dozens of wells since 2014. Such technology can be incorporated into the SmartWell system for powerful EM

communication.

EMISSIONS MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES

The world’s space agencies and energy exploration companies are calling for a new generation of satellites that would be precise

enough to map greenhouse gas emissions from individual locations. Their goal is to replace decades of rough and costly estimates

with advanced monitoring of what has become one of the world’s foremost concerns.

Methane emissions have been the most difficult to monitor and to understand. The difficulty in gathering data stems from both

technological and logistical shortcomings: ground measurements are costly and time-consuming, and current measurements from

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satellite and aircraft are too imprecise or do not provide the necessary around-the-clock coverage to gauge emissions from individual

sources and identify major leaks.

A precise measurement from satellites is enabled by more sophisticated systems (e.g. advanced infrared spectrometers). Such systems

have the drawbacks of requiring high power from the satellite power supply. Traditionally, rechargeable Li-Ion batteries have been

used to support satellite energy storage. Unfortunately, these batteries offer limited high power capabilities and unstable end-of-life

behavior. Battery packs are oversized to limit the depth-of-discharge and increase the peak power handling capacitors resulting in

reduced payload volume and expensive launch costs. Additionally, Li-Ion batteries can explode as they degrade to end-of-life causing

significant space debris, a problem that will likely see regulations in the near future.

FastCAP’s high energy and power density hermetically sealed cells represent the forefront of satellite energy storage. The technology

is currently being funded by multiple agencies for integration and testing into small satellite platforms.

SPACE-BASED ENERGY STORAGE

FastCAP’s technology enables significant improvements in the way that spacecraft

avionics are designed – reducing weight, volume, and complexity while improving

performance and relaxing design constraints on current technologies. Our

ultracapacitors provide higher power, require little to no thermal management,

withstand high shock and vibration on a component and module level, and are not

subject to the volatility associated with chemical batteries. Future satellite systems

are projected to require power electronics and energy storage systems that are less

massive and smaller than the current State of the Art. Modern CubeSats rely heavily on

solar panels to provide the necessary energy for operation. Typically, Li-ion batteries are used to store energy for eclipse periods as

well as provide the necessary power capabilities for substantial loads. The size and weight requirements of CubeSats, however, limit

the power capabilities of traditional Li-ion based solutions thereby restricting high peak power on-board sensors and communication

devices. Li-ion batteries are often incorporated to increase overall power handling capability. In both cases, to satisfy the electrical

requirements of higher powered loads, these battery solutions must increase in both weight and size. As such, there is a trend in

power supply design for sizing the Li-ion battery pack for peak power demands instead of energy requirements, resulting in energy

storage with significantly increased size and mass.

To address this trend, FastCAP Systems offers ultracapacitor based hybrid power

supply (HPS) to dramatically reduce the size and weight of conventional high power

energy storage solutions while increasing power handling capability. This system

incorporates FastCAP’s patented technology for harsh environment and

ruggedized ultracapacitors proven in the oil & gas industry and currently being

developed across multiple grants for space exploration. A high power compact HPS

for satellites enables new, smaller form factor power supplies to better

accommodate additional hardware on a given platform. Higher power sensors,

communication devices, propulsion units, and load deployment mechanisms that

were once power limited by the Li-ion supply will be made possible. FastCAP is

developing customized ultracapacitors for satellites that are a structural

component: thanks to the wide operating temperature range (-80C to 75C),

hermeticity and flat form factor, these devices can be used as the structure for the

solar cells integrated on the walls of the cubesats, or installed on external arms.

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GAS SENSING

One of the materials that has enabled FastCAP’s world-record holding ultracapacitors is the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-

CNTs) that FastCAP manufactures with a proprietary synthesis process.

Carbon nanotubes have recently been gaining attention in many fields because of their remarkable material properties. VA-CNTs

possess all the same mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, but every nanotube is pointing in the same direction. They are

attached to a substrate with the CNTs oriented orthogonally to the surface. Typically CNTs are provided as a bulk powder, with each

tube facing a random direction. With vertical alignment any metrics that are true only along the length of the CNT (for example) will

be true for the bulk material along the proper dimension (gravimetrically). In this dimension, CNTs have an extremely high tensile

strength and Young’s modulus, higher thermal conductivity than diamond, and higher electrical conductivity than copper.

Many applications have been discovered for CNTs, and even more are being found that take advantage of nanotube alignment. Uses

include composite materials, membranes, sensors, energy storage devices, conductive compounds, nanoscale mechanical systems,

gas sensors, and electronics.

Some particularly interesting applications include polymer-CNT composites (for increased material strength, temperature stability,

and static dissipation), and carbon dioxide capture. FastCAP VA-CNTs can reversibly adsorb CO2 from a gas stream, and the material is

easily regenerated by adjusting the charge of the material. This method has lower energy and lower maintenance requirements

compared to existing technologies that rely on a large pressure or temperature swing for regeneration.

MICROGRID ENERGY STORAGE

Microgrids are becoming increasingly popular to support remote

operations in energy, military, and residential applications. Industrial

microgrids often must contend with large transient loads and

intermittent power supplies. Storage technology is advancing to support

microgrids as an energy buffer, supplying needed power to the grid and

filtering variations and in the energy supply and demand.

Ultracaps have their place in microgrids by enabling higher power

transients and extending battery lifetimes through absorbing damaging

high power transients. Such hybrid storage modules enable long lasting,

high-performance storage to support microgrid operations for years

without service or degradation. FastCAP’s ultracapacitors offer the

performance, harsh environment, and high reliability necessary to keep storage and maintenance costs low for practical

implementation.

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