official statistics and ict in mdgs
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Official Statistics and ICT in MDGs. Dr. A.C. Kulshreshtha UN Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific Third Group Training Course in Application of Information and Communications Technology to Production and Dissemination of Official Statistics. Contents. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Official Statistics and ICT in MDGs
Dr. A.C. KulshreshthaUN Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific
Third Group Training Course in Application of Information and Communications Technology to Production and Dissemination of Official Statistics
2
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
MDGs –Targets, Indicators MDGs –Policy Implications MDGs –Monitoring-Requirements of
Official Statistics Application of ICT to Production and
Dissemination of Official Statistics on MDGs
Contents
3
Raise awareness of MDGs and MDG Indicators
Flag their role in Policy making Needed Official Statistics for
implementation Application of ICT for efficient
Production and Dissemination of MDG Indicators
Purpose of this session
4
What are MDGs? Introduction to Millennium
Development Goals MDGs, Targets and Indicators Individual MDGs Global, Regional, National and Sub-
national Indicators
5
Introduction to MDGs Where did they come from?
What are they?
Why do they matter?
Global, regional, national and sub-national MDGs
6
World leaders at United Nations in September, 2000
The Millennium Declaration
called for the creation of an “environment... conducive to development and to the elimination of poverty”
specified “fundamental values” freedom, equality, solidarity, toleran
ce, respect for nature, shared responsibility
7
UN member countries committed themselves to 8
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
affirming that they would “spare no effort to free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty”
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
8
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
9
The MDGs represent a new development agenda focusing on greater involvement and participation, better governance, enhancement of rights, expanded choice, and economic and social development with equityhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_goals.aspHuman Development Report
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
10
Since 1990 series of world submits/ global conferences to lay comprehensive rights-based development agenda-International Development goals (IDGs)
IDGs and development goals in Millennium Declaration are similar. Merging these we have the MDGs with Targets and Indicators
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
11
MDG monitoring at global & country levels
Secretary General reports progress to General Assembly annually/quinquennially
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
12
Statistical Requirements UN Secretary General (September
2001) formulated a framework of 8 Goals, 18 Targets and 48 Indicators
to measure progress towards human development and broadening its benefits Based on inputs from a consensus of experts
from the United Nations Secretariat and IMF, OECD and the World Bank
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
13
GOAL: An objective expression of what is to be achieved, usually non technical and often not quantified
TARGET: Individual, observable achievement directly related to the goal
INDICATOR: Variable used to measure progress towards the target
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
Goals, Targets and Indicators
14
Statistical Requirements While the Millennium Declaration
was signed by an overwhelming majority of countries, NSOs were not engaged nor consulted adequately on the ensuing development of the MDG monitoring process in general, and on the choice of indicators in particular
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
15
Statistical Requirements Changes in the indicators were
being made until May 2002 by the international agencies assigned as compilers/ custodians, in meetings attended mostly by the same agencies
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
16
Statistical Requirements Some MDG indicators are compiled
by international agencies but not by the countries, e.g., $1 a day poverty line/incidence Proportion of population below
minimum level of dietary energy Energy use in kg. oil equiv. per capita
However, these indicators still require country data as inputs
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
17
Statistical Requirements There are possibilities of
discordance with otherwise conceptually highly correlated national indicators
or with indicators compiled by the other international agencies
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
18
Statistical Requirement Assessment
Availability of the MDG indicators, varies from country to country In most developing countries all
the 48 recommended MDG Indicators are not available
Several indicators are not applicable in some countries
The Millennium Declaration (Contd.)
19
Some Abbreviations Used
MDGsIDGsNSOsUNESCOUNICEFIPUPPPWBWHOFAOILOHIVAIDSUNEP
Millennium Development GoalsInternational Development GoalsNational Statistical OfficesUN Education, Scientific & Cultural OrgUN Children’s FundInter-Parliamentary UnionPurchasing Power ParityWorld BankWorld Health OrganizationFood and Agricultural OrganizationInternational Labour OrganizationHuman Immunodeficiency VirusAcquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeUN Environmental Programme
IUCNIAEADOTSUNSDGDPUNFCCCHABITATODAOECDDACLDCsHIPCGNIITU
The World’s Conservation UnionInternational Atomic Energy agencyDirectly Observed Treatment Short courseUnited Nations Statistics DivisionGross Domestic ProductUN Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUN Organization for InhabitantsOverseas Development AssistanceOrg for Economic Cooperation & DevelopmentDevelopment Assistance CommitteeLeast Developed CountriesHeavily Indebted Poor CountriesGross National IncomeInternational Telecommunication Union
20
MDGs: Targets and IndicatorsGoal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hungerTARGETS INDICATORS (Data Source)
T1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
1A.Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) a day (WB)
1B. Poverty headcount ratio (Percentage of population below the national poverty line)
2. Poverty gap ratio (WB)
3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (WB)
21
Headcount Index The Headcount Index (denoted as P0) is the
proportion of the population for whom consumption (or some other welfare indicator) is below the poverty line, that is, the share of the population that cannot afford to buy a basic basket of goods
It is ratio of the number of poor people to the total population
It measures the incidence of poverty
It is also called the poverty rate or poverty incidence
22
Formally,
where N = total population I(.) = an indicator function that takes on a
value of 1 (poor) if the bracketed expression is true, and 0 (non-poor) otherwise
yi = welfare indicator, e.g., consumption per cap
z = poverty line NP= number of poor in the population
yi , …, yq < z < yq+1 … yn
q
i
pN
ii N
N
NzyI
NP
110 ,1
1)(
1
Headcount Index (Contd.)
23
The poverty gap index is the average, over all people, of the proportionate gaps between poor people’s living standards and the poverty line (as a proportion of the poverty line).
More specifically, define the gap (Gn) as the difference between the poverty line (z) and the actual consumption (yi) for poor individuals; the gap is considered to be zero for everyone else, then the
Poverty Gap Index
24
poverty gap index P1 is
This measure reflects the average shortfall of poor people so it gives a better idea of the depth of poverty
q
i
iN
ii
i
z
yz
NyzI
z
yz
NP
111
1)(
1
Poverty Gap Index (Contd.)
25
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
TARGETS INDICATORS
T2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
4. Prevalence of underweight in children (under five years of age) {UNICEF-WHO}
5. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption {FAO}
26
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education
TARGETS INDICATORS
T3: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
6. Net enrollment ratio in primary education (UNESCO)
7A. Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 (UNESCO)
7B. Primary completion rate (UNESCO)
8. Adult Literacy rate (literacy rate of 15 to 24-year-olds) (UNESCO)
27
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)Goal 3. Promote gender equality and
empower womenTARGETS INDICATORS
T4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015
9. Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education (UNESCO)
10. Ratio of literate women to men ages 15- to 24 (UNESCO)
11. Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector (ILO)
12. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (IPU)
28
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Goal 4. Reduce child mortality
TARGETS INDICATORS
T5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
13. Under-five mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)
14. Infant mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)
15. Proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles (UNICEF-WHO)
29
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Goal 5. Improve maternal health
TARGETS INDICATORS
T6: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
16. Maternal mortality ratio (UNICEF-WHO)
17. Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (UNICEF-WHO)
30
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, & other diseases
TARGETS INDICATORS
T7: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
18. HIV prevalence among pregnant women ages 15- to 24 (UNAIDS, WHO, UNICEF)
19. Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate (UNAIDS, UN Population Div)
20. Ratio of school attendance of orphans (by HIV/AIDS) to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 (UNAIDS, WHO, UNICEF)
31
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORS
T8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
21. Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria (WHO)
22. Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective malaria prevention and treatment measures (UNICEF, WHO)
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, & other diseases
32
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORS
T8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
23. Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis (WHO)
24. Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course (DOTS, WHO)
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, & other diseases
33
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainabilityTARGETS INDICATORS
T9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and program and reverse the loss of environment resources
25. Proportion of land area covered by forest (FAO)
26. Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface area (UNEP-IUCN)
27. GDP per unit of energy use (as proxy for energy efficiency) (UNSD, IAEA, World Bank)
34
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORS
T9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and program and reverse the loss of environment resources
28. Carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) (UNFCCC, UNSD) [Plus two figures of global atmospheric pollution: ozone depletion and the accumulation of global warming gases] (UNEP-Ozone Secretariat)
29. Proportion of population using solid fuels (WHO)
Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
35
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORS
T10: Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
30. Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source (WHO, UNICEF)31. Proportion of people with access to improved sanitation (WHO, UNICEF)
Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
36
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORS
T11: By 2020 to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
32. Proportion of people with access to secure tenure (HABITAT)
Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
37
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS (T12 to T15) INDICATORS (33 to 44)
T12: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial systemIncludes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction-both nationally and internationally
Official development assistance 33. Net ODA, total and to LDCs, as percentage to OECD/DAC donors gross national income
34. Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation)
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
38
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS (T12 to T15) INDICATORS (33 to 44)
T13: Address the special needs of the least developed countriesIncludes: tariff and quota free access for least developed countries’ export; enhanced programme of debt relief for HIPC and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction
35. Proportion of bilateral ODA of OECD/DAC donors that is united
36. ODA received in landlocked countries as proportion of their GNIs37. ODA received in small island developing States as proportion of their GNIs
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
39
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS (T12 to T15) INDICATORS (33 to 44)
T14: Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing States(through the programme of Action for the Sustainable development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the general Assembly)
Market access 38. Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and LDCs, admitted free of duties
39. Average tariffs imposed by developing countries on agricultural products and ‘textiles and clothing’ from developing countries
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
40
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS (T12 to T15) INDICATORS (33 to 44)
T14: Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing States(through the programme of Action for the Sustainable development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the general Assembly)
40. Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as percentage of their GDP
41. Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
41
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS (T12 to T15) INDICATORS (33 to 44)
T15: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
Debt sustainability
42. Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative)
43. Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative, US $44. Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
42
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORST16: In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth
45.Unemployment rate of 15-24 year-olds, each sex and total (ILO still developing improved measure)
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
43
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORS
T17: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable, essential drugs in developing countries
46. Proportion of population with access to affordable, essential drugs on a sustainable basis (WHO)
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
44
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
TARGETS INDICATORST18: In cooperation with private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
47 Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 population
48a. Personal computers in use per 100 population and internet users per 100 population (ITU)
48b. Internet users per 100 population (ITU)
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development
45
MDGs: Targets and Indicators (Contd)
Number of Targets and Indicators in Goals
Goal Number
Number of Targets
Number of Indicators
1 1 3
2 2 5 +1
3 1 4
4 1 3
5 1 2
6 2 7
7 3 8
8 7 16 +1
Total: 8 18 48
46IPMAIPMA 9
Understand the definitions of the Millennium Development Goals and how they relate to their
targets and indicators
I4
Prevalence of underweight children under five years of age
I5I5
Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption
Goal 1Goal 1
Eradicate extreme Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerpoverty and hunger
Target 2 (Hunger)
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
47IPMAIPMA 10
Understand the role that MDGs can play in the policy process
ImplementImplement
EvaluateEvaluate
FormulateFormulate
MDG IndicatorsMDG Indicators
48IPMAIPMA 12
Understand the link between MDG indicators and the data on which they are based
IndicatorIndicator
HH SurveyHH Survey
AdminAdmin
datadata
49IPMAIPMA 13
Reliably assess and use information about uncertainty in the production of MDG indicators
UncertaintyUncertainty
50IPMAIPMA 14
Use MDG indicators to measure progress towards national goals, and to monitor PRSPs and other
country strategies
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1990 1995 2000
East
West
North
51
IPMAIPMA 15
Compare and contrast MDG indicators relating to global, regional, national and sub-national levels
1212
202627
2931
3333
353636
3843
4549
5759
6161
6467
7073
South Africa-1993
Côte d'Ivoire-1995
Tanzania-1993
Senegal-1995
Kenya-1994
Mauritania-1995
Ethiopia-1995
Botswana-1985-86
Cameroon-1996
Namibia-1993
Rwanda-1983-85
Zimbabwe-1990-91
Mozambique-1996
Lesotho-1993
Ghana-1999
Madagascar-1999
Sierra Leone-1989
Gambia, The-1998
Burkina Faso-1994
Niger-1995
Zambia-1998
Central African Republic-1993
Nigeria-1997
Mali-1994
MDG1: People living on below $1 a day in Sub-Saharan Africa
52
IPMAIPMA 16
Disaggregate MDG indicators to explore progress by gender, urbanization and other critical sub-groupings
53IPMAIPMA 17
Produce effective reports and presentations designed to convey information about MDGs to a
variety of target audiences
54
Monitoring MDGsAvailability of baseline
statistics :Non- availabilty of indicators
55
Monitoring MDGs Most of the indicators for Goal 8
are compiled only by international organizations, such as the OECD, IMF and the World Trade Organization
without any direct inputs from national counterparts
56
ICT to Production and Dissemination of Official Statistics on MDGs
Reduction of data redundancy through proper designing; integrating the information coming from the various surveys
User friendly software (IMPS; CSPRO; Dev-Info, particularly for MDGs)
Metadata Data warehouse Data mining; Data filtering
57
ICT to Production and Dissemination of Official Statistics on MDGs (Contd.) Time dimension
Timeliness Periodicity
Content dimension Accuracy; Reliability Completeness; Conciseness
Form dimension Clarity Level of detail; National/ Regional
58
THANKS