of the board of education....1871. victoria. , ninth report of the board of education.1870....
TRANSCRIPT
1871.
VICTORIA. ,
NINTH REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF EDUCATION.
1870.
PRESENTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT BY HIS EXCELLENCY'S COMMAND.
JOHN FERRES, GOYERNMENT PRINTER, MEI,BQlJRNE.
No. 33.
,Prcprrrntioll-Not g-iYcn. l'rintiHS' (2250 copies),
r;
API'HOXIMATE COST Ol' REPORT.
£ .'. d.
H'(j 0 ()
CONTENTS OF REPOHTo
Par.
ReB0rt submitted; .••• , 1 ,
I.-MEMBERS OF THE ROARD~ 'j
Loss of two members ::\ Address presented to Sit James Pahller ::\ Extract from miuutes 2 Copy of address, ' 2 Copy of reply... ?-Death of Sir James Palmer 3 l>r. Corrigan appointed Chairman 4 Death of Dr. Corrigan ••. 4 Address of condolence to Mrs. Corriglln 4 Fund for relief of Dr. Corrigan's family 5 H. HentYj Esq., appointed· a member of the Board 6 Number of meetings 7 No successor to Dr. Corrigan appointed 8 Names of members 9
n.-STATISTICS OF ATTEND.A.NCE.
Table of information relfttive to National; Denomi-national, and Common Schools, from 1851 to.1870 .10
Slimmary of above return' I [
Increase in number of schools and attendance 12 Aid granted to 27 schools in addition ' 12 R ural schools ... .:. ... <0... 12. Slnitll inerease owing to floods 12. Statistics, how considered 13 Proportion of children attending schools 14 Number of children on j'olls 14 Number of distinct children 14 Ratio of number on rolls and average atte,ndance-
In Ireland ... IS In New York IS
: In England .' IS In Victoria ... IS
Extraetirom the late Dr. Corrigan's speech at Central Schools, as to reliability of returns 15
Care in preparing statistics 15 Attendance at private schools 16 Attendance at Industrial Schools 17 Attendanee at all schools in Victoria 18 Proportion of children attending schools ••• 19 Nu·mber.ofchi1d~en betweell5 and 15 in 1869' 20 Estimated number for 1870 7.1 Per~entage attenliiIlg Common Schools ... n Nu'mber attending private schools, aIld Industrial
Schools and Reformatories 23 Proportion at public or private schools 24 Number of chilJren who attended schools in 1870 25 Remarks concerning statistics of attendance 26 Percentage ofehildren attending as regards the total
popUlation 26 Percentage of chlldren of school age attending 26 Increase satisfactory 27 A considerable proportion of children receive home
tuition 2S Percentage of ch,ildren attending schools compared
with other countries... 29 Approximate sumIl}aryof census: popul.ation over"·
estimated ... ... ... ... ... 30 Statement that one-third of the. children are unedu-
cated .considered .• :. :'" 31 Percentage of.ehildren at schools and uuder home
tuition .... ...... 32 Distribution of the remainder '" 32 Mis~sta£emcnt explained... 33' Percentage.of absentees in 'Prussia 33 Instructi()lI in Common 'Schools sound ... 34 Percentage of children at schools not under the
Board's control .•. ••• ... ... 34 No person allowed to teach in Prussia, France, Hol-
lnnd, &c., unless certificated ... ... .•• 34 Definit;ion of the word "scholar" as used in Prussia
and France '" ... 34 Remarks·as to teachers of private schools •• _ 34
III.-COST AND QUALITY, AND ExTENT OF EnUCATION. - COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTlUES.
·SUGGESTIONS.
PIU'.
Reference to Appendix V. 35 Full details for 1870 shown 35 Summar.y of a similar return"with' schools arranged
in classes ... 36 Cost of education... .., 37 Comparison of Great Britain' and Ireland, with Vic-
toria, excluded 38 Comparison with America more just 38 Actual cost per hcad in Victoria... ... ... 39 Actual cost per head in Massachusetts and New York,
.as compared with Vietoria... ... •.•. 40 Compulsory laws in America practically a dead letter 41 Number of ehildren in New York not attending
schools 41 American statistics are said to be untrustworthy... 41 Length of time schools are open in Victoria and
America compared 42-Teachers in America not continuously employed ••• 42-Majority of American teachers are females-Salary
small 43 Highest salary paid 44-Material for teachers in Ameriea not made properly
available H In coniparing American ani! Victorian schools certain
circumstances to be considered... 46 Cost of each child in Melbourne, San Francisco, and'
Chicago compared 47 COf;t in.Uhicago double, and in San Francisco treble
that in, Melbourne ' 4B Poorer classes in these cities exeluded from benefits
of Common S<;hool system ... 4B Extent of instruction imparted in America and in
Victoria 49 Table of the course of instruction in England,
United States, and Victoria 50 Course of Victorian Common Schools comprises
subjects of English Primary and American Gram-mar Schools .... 51
Common Schools in England stated to be eharity schools 57.
This is not strictly correct 57. Educational wants of upper and middle classes met
by endowed schools 5:1. Prejudices against illstl'Uction slowly dissipated 53 Lower grades are confined to rudimentary knowledge 54 In. Victoria and America the order must be different 54 Of what a system of publie instructioll should consist 55 Classes for higher subjects excluded from hours of
elementary instruction 56 Subjects taught under this restriction 56 Exhibitions for;the.Univershy established 56 Grammar School subjects allowed as extra work 56 Elementary instruction not to be neglected 56 The Board's practice corresponds with that recom-
mended by noy.al Commission in Ireland 57 Establishment of exhibitions in schools generally
eonsidered 5& Four Melbourne Grammar Schools invited to eo··
operate, and have consented ... 58 . ReasonS-for the selection of these schools, and. of the
Grammar School, Geelong 59 Regulations as to el'hibitions submitted to the Go-
vernment 59 Copy of.same ... 59 Candidates for cl'hibitions to undergo competitive
examination 60 Thm~~~ 60 To attend the University for three years 60 To he boarders or day pupils at the Grammar
SchOOls .. : 60 Cost of 'scheme. ...... 60 Similar system exists in Tasmania 6x
Par. A sum placed on the Estimates for the ensuing year , for this pm'pose 6 I
Cost of education in Victoria and other colonies compared 62
Cost in Victoria not high 63 Draft Bill to facilitate amalgamation of schools sub-
mitted to Government 64 Extracts from j<3ighth Report on the subject 64 A copy of the Bill again submitted. If passed with
a compulsory cbtuse, and slight amendments in Common Schools Act, the wants of the country would be met 65
Draft Bill 65
IV.-DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM.
A description of the principal features of the Common School system submitted ". ... ... 66
Attention called to injurious etfect~ of uncertainty as . to the education question 67
Extract from Report for 1&66 67 Regulations have been altered and improved 68 Sound instruction retarded by the chronic agitation
of the education question 69 Date of Common Schools Act 70 Previous to passing of Act two Boards existed 70 Property of both transferred-to the present Board 70 National and Denominational Schools in operation
when the Act came into force, and in operation at close of 1870 71
Table showing the number and description of schools and scholars ". 72
Vested schools have increased, and non-vested decreased 73
Number of schools to which the Board have granted aid... 74
Particulars of schools to which the Board have granted aid ... 75
Decrease in non-vested schools shows the tendency of the system ". 76
Denominational schools, e:x:cept Roman Catholic, are diminishing ... 76
Policy as to amalgamation or suppression 77 Attendance at vested schools 77 Attention called to Rule 6:i ... 77 Requirements of Rule 63 always pointed out· ... 77 It would be unwise to refuse aid on conditions before named' 78
Cost of education stated to be greater in vested than in non-vested schools; statement is fallacious 79
Explanation . 79 Actual cost 79 Non-vested schools larger than vested 79 Board of Education 80 Its constitntion 80 Number who have served as members 81 Scope of Board's power .•• 82 Establishment of new schools 83 Infant schools ... 83 Notice given before aid is granted 83 Aid for buildings, &c .• only given in vested schools 84 Applications and amounts granted 84 Unduly small schools not to be aided 85 Rural schools ... 86 Objects for which established 86 Duration of secular instruction ... 87 Attendance of difl'erent denominations at non-vested
schools 87 Destitute children 88 Appointment of teachers 89 -Class of teachers employed 89 -Qualifications of Victorian teachers superior to those
in Great Britain and Ireland ... 90 'Training of teachers as compared with America 90 -Pupil-teachers '91 'Training institution 92 ~Salaries of teachers 93 .Local committees 94 ~Duties ,of committees, how performed 95
V.-JuvENILE CaWE.
·Cause of "larrikinism" attributed to Common Schools 96
'Extract from late Chairman's address 97 Growth of larrikinism ... 97 Common Schools charged with fostering larrikinism 97 Every facility afforded for moral instruction and
discipline in Common Schools ••• 97 Charge groundless 97 Causes of larrikiriism .. ; 97 Want of compulsion 97 Want of home discipline _ 97 Publie-houses and places of amusement 97 Return of youthful criminals 97
IV
Par. The evil exaggerated 97 Change in law respecting public-houses, &c. 98 Opinions of Inspectors ... 99 Moral discipline in school-Mr. B.rown 99 Moral discipline in school-Mr, Main 99 Moral discipline in schools good ... .•. ... 100 Existence of juvenile crime in schools of America... 101 Charge against Common Schools groundless 102
VI.-INSPECTlOX.
Inspection of schools 103 Number of ehildren present at inspection ... - 104-
. Staff of Inspectors 105 Instruction of scholars and condition of l:\uildings
satisfactory ... 106 Conformity with best systems observed 107 Colonially trained teachers 107 Rural and Half-time schools 108 , Payment by results 109 Extract from .Mr. Brown's report 109 Annual Reports of Inspector-General and Inspectors HO
Inspection of Industrial Schools .•• III
vn.-OaPIIANS AND DESERTED ,e.;n DESTITUTE CRILDlUi:X.
Number has decreased ... lIZ
Cause of deerease I I 3 Children formerly destitute now pay fees... II4 Attendance of destitute children... II5
Certificates of destitution 116 Abuses exist ... 117
Vln.-ApPLICATIONS FOR AID.
Number of applications for aid ... u8 Applications how disposed of 119 Applications for building grants... 120 Sites granted 121 Full amount applied for not granted 122
Causes H2 Grants by way of salary U3 Summary of applications for aid 124 Amount required for buildings, 1871-2 125 Aid to Rural and Half-time sehools 126 Appendix, Particulars in 127 Number of applications 128 Nature of applications ... ...... 129 Rules relative to nur1l.1 and Half-time schools 130 Minimum average required 131 Attendance at Rural and Half-time sehools 132 Schools for the Aborigines 133 Ma:x:imum bonus paid to Ramahyuck school 133 Teachers to be summoned for examina.tion 134 Circular to Inspectors, as to educational wants of
colony 135 Inspectors' replies 135
n.-FINANCE.
Statement of receipts and expenditure for 1870 136 Amount voted for first half of 1871 137 Schedule of Estimates for 1871-2 137 Quarterly payments...... 138 Analysis of receipts and expenditure since estab-
lishment of Board 139 Expense of education ... • .. , 140
X.-LOCAL COM!UTTEES.
New appointments during the year . 1.41 Table showing classes of schools in which new ap-
pointments were made . ... ..• ... 142 Religious denominations, how represented on local
committees ... 143
n.-TEACHERS.
Teachers, examination of 144 Number of candidates who passed or failed 145 Appointments of unclassified teachers not sanctioned 146 Progress in classification of teachers ... n. 147 Percentage of classified teachers ... I4S Increase in number of classified teachers continuous !49 List of classified applicants for employment kept 150 Sets of examination papers 151 Workmistresses examined 152 Disqualifications , ... 153 Proposed employment of additional female teachers 154 Extract from report of conference ... .., 154
xn.-PUPIL-TEAClIERS.
Examination of pupil-teachers ... I5S Schools licensed for pupil-teachers, and, numbers
employed... ... ". ••• 156 Examination of p)1pil-teachers for promotion 157
Par. XIII.-TllINING.
New training institution 158 Number of students in training ... 159 Half-yearly examinations of students in training 160 Examinations of candidates for admission to the
training institution 161
XIV.-TECU:SOLOGICAL I:SSTRCCTION-DRAWING.
Technological instruction confined to drawing 161-Programme of instruction ill drawing 163 Programme to be adhered to .•. 164 Examinations for teachers of drawing 165 Programme of examination in drawing 165 Number of candidates at drawing examinations 166 Examinations held 167 Progress made in instruction in drawing .•. 168 Increase in number of schools and scholars over
numbers shown for 1869 169 Circular to committees as to importance of techno-
logical instruction "', 170 Inspectors'remarks ••. ••. ..• ... 171 Mr. Elkington's views as to technological instruction 171 Mr. Brodribb recommends technological instruction 171 Mr. Topp cannot recommend introduction of techno-
logical instruction into Common Schools 171 The subject shall receive attention 172
XV.-MUSlC.
Examinations in music... 173 Number of persons who attended 174 Number of instrllctors 175 Cost of instruction 175
v
Par. Programme of instruction to be observed... ... 176 Number of lessons given per week-Duration of each
lesson 177
XVI.-DRILL AND GYMNASTICS.
Classes continued 178 Number of ·teachers and others who have passed in
drill and gymnastics .'" 179 Examination open to all candidates 180 !Ioard of Examiners 181 Bonuses 18z Military drill becoming more general 183
XVII.-BooKS AND SCHOOL REQUISITES.
Amount received for books, &c., supplied ... 184 Table showing number of requisitions, and average
amouut of each 18S Books most in demand in Common Schools 186 Maps, black-boards, &c., supplied 187 !looks, &c., still imported through Mr. Geo. Robertson 188 Balance·sheet ... 189 Books suited for Australia 190
XVIII.-GENERAL REMARKS.
Action taken by British Legislature ill the Elementary Education Act, resembles that taken in this colony under the Common Schools Act ... 191
Recommendations of Royal Commission on Elemen-tary Education in Ireland closely in accordance with rules in force here 191
Exchanges of reports acknowledged 19Z Conclusion 193
, '
NINTH' 'REPORT OF 1~HE EDUCATION.
BOARD OF
FO.R THE· YEAR,. ·1·870. ,---------
To His E:ccellenc.y the Right Honorable JOHN HENRY THOMAS VISCOUNT
CANTERBURY; K. C.B., Governor and Commander-in- Chief over the Colony if Victoria.
MAY IT PLEASE YOUR' EXCELLENCY- .1
I • We, the Commissioners of the Board of Education, beg to lay Report suhmitted.
before Your Excellency this our Ninth H.eport, comprising a statement of our proceedings during the year 1870, with such additional information as we are able to furnish up to the.present date.
I.-MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.
2. Since our last ,Report we have to record, with great regret, the Loss of two members.
loss of two of our members-The Honorable Sir James Frederick Palmer and Dr. Corrigan. Sir James Palmer, after' having twice obtained leave of absence on account of. ill health, forwarded a letter which was submitted to us on the IOth AU2"ust I870 announcing his resi2"nation. We resolved to AdllreSSJlr"<ellte(ltoSi~
U '-" James .Palmer. present to him an address, in which we invited the former Members of the Board to concur. ':We subjoin an extract from our minutes containing the address together with Sir James Palmer's reply-
EXTRACT FROM MINUTES.
. 24th August 1870' A meeting was held for the purpose of presenting the Honorable Sir James Palmer with Extrn.ctfrom millutes.
an address on his retirement fl'om the office of Chairman of the Board of Education. The following gentlemen were present ·:-l·Ion.G. Harker, in the Chair; J. Corrigan,
Esq., LL.D.; W. H. Archer, Esq.; Matthew Hervey, Esq.; James Balfour, Esq.; T. J. Sumner, Esq. ; Isaac Hart, Esq. The Hon. A. Mackay, M.P., and the Hon. M. O'Grady, M.P., arrived subsequently.
The Chairman ex:pla.ined that Sir James Palmer was unable, feom' illness, to receive the address in person, but that he had been made, acquainted with its contents, and had forwarded It reply. .
The following address was then read and afterwards signed by all the above-named gentlemen :-
. 'f We, the present and former Commissioners of-Education, ca.nnot permit your resignation Copy of address.
~s. Chairman o£..the.Boal'd,· and .consequently the termination of your: official connection with the .elementary .. l,:lducation of the colony, ,to take place, without expressing· our deep· regret that declining health should have compelled you to take this step.
" Your services to education. in, this country, extending over 'a per-iod of nearly 18 years, viz., from January 1852 to September ,186:: a.s Chairman of the late Board of National Education, and fl"Om August 1863 to August 1870 'as Chairman' of the present 'Board, and comprising·nearly the' whole ,timeuthatJh~s' elapsed~since Victoria- ;was 'proclaimed a separate colony, merit our cordial recognition. ,,' .. , .... l'
"To the superior ability and breadth of ·.view which have marked.the administration of the trust undertaken by you and to the large amount of time devoted to mastering the details of this department of the public service, 'we most cheerfuHy bear witness.
" That you have always shown an anxions desire to promote the welfare of the teachers and the general interests of public educati(Hij ahd that'you'lfave ever been ready:to:further.judiciotls reforms when experience has shown them to be advisable or necessary, we gladly testify.
Oopy of r ply.:
Death of Slr James Palmer.
Dr. Corrigan appoiuted ellairman.
Death of Dr, Corrigan.
Addres, of condolence 10 :Mrs. Corrigan.
Fund for relief of Dr. Corrigan's family.
viii REPORT.
" The dignity and urbanity with which you ha,e presided at the meetings of the Board have contributed largely to the unbroken harmony and good feeling which have always existed during the periods w;hen we have severally had the honor of acting as your colleagues.
"With the earnest hope that, under the Divine blessing, you may be soon restored to good health, and may for many years enjoy the rest so well befitting a long and eminently useful public life. '
" Weare, very dear Sir, Your obedient servants,"
Sir James Palmer's reply:-
"GENTLEMEN, '
" I thank you for the address which you have done me the honor to present to me, and for the kind terms in which you have recognized my poor service~ in the cause of popular education.
" It is certainly not the least of the disadvantages of declining heaJththat it interrupts the action of our lives, and that kindly association with our fellow-men which constitutes so large a portion of our happiness.
"For nearly eighteen years I have had the honor of presiding over the Board of Education, during which period mere differences of opinion .. however strongly felt, have never once been urged to personal discourtesy, nor has unkindness ever been evinced towards the chair.
"You will,understand, therefore, with what re(ll regret I contemplate the severance of a connexion which has subsisted for so long a time with so much unanimity among our members.
"Perhaps the most striking characteristic of the last century was the extension of edu'cation, while the most striking feature of modern thought is the tendency to divest education of its religious element.
"It is not possible, I think, for any thoughtful man to contempla~e the agency of such: powerful causes Oll future civilization without a secret feeling of alarm.
"The proposal to eliminate religion by a distinct act of legislation from the intellectual culture of ,the masses, seems to me calculated to foster a spirit of rationalism whi'ch must be at once dangerous to religion and fatal to the best interests of society.
" In taking my leave, gentlemen, I beg you will accept my best thanks for numerous !tcts of kindness, and also my best wishes that yonI' future deliberations may be as successful and 'as united as they have been in time past, and that you will believe me to lie,
Your obedient servant, " 24th August 1870' (Signed) JAS.F. PALMER."
3· We have since had to lament the death of Sir James Palmer, which took place on the 23rd Aprillast~
4. Dr. Corrigan' was appointed Chairman of the Board, in the place of Sir James Palmer, on the 26th October 1870. On the 4th January 1871, an application for leave of absence for five weeks on account of illness was laid before us. Dr. Corrigan had attended a meeting of the Board on the 21st December, but was obliged to leave early on account of illness; and on the occasion of his lamented death, which took place three days afterwards, we passed the following minute, a copy of which was forwarded to Mrs. Corrigan :--
EXTRACT - FROM MINUTES.
11th January 1871. The Commissioners of the Board of Education, at this their first meeting after the
decense of tlieir late colleague, James Corrigan, Esq., LL.D., take the opportunity of placing • on record their very great regrct at the sudden and lamented decease of' that gentleman, and the deep sense they entertain of the 'value of the services in the cause of education thus lost to the colony.
An experience of upwards of three years has served to assure the memb5'rs of this Board of the Iligh qualifications possessed by Dr. Corrigan for the office of Commissioner of Education.
On the 26th October 1870, on the resignation of Sir James Palmer, Dr. Corrigan was unanimouoly appointed cliairman, in 'which enlarged sphere of usefulness he was. unwearied iu his efforts to promote the best interests of education. ,
It is dillicnlt for the members of this Board to express, in adequate terms, the deep sense they entertain of the loss caused by,the death of their late colleague;' but they cannot ref'rain from recording the estimation in which they held the valuable assistance rendered by his great experience, unwearied industry, strict impartiality, and high administrative ability.
5. It may not be out of place to state that in response to an appeal by the friends of the late Dr. Corrigan, to raise a sum of £IOOO for the relief of his widow and orphans, our teachers have come forward most liberally, and have amongst themselves subscribed nearly £600.
II.Henty,lc.q.,nppointed 6, On the 19th October 1870 Henry Henty, Esq., was appointed a member oj the Board. b fIB d' I f S' J P 1 d t k h·· t . a mem er 0 tie oar, In pace 0 IT ames a mer, an 00 IS sea on
~o. of meetings.
the same day. 7. During the year 1870 we held fifty-one meetings, and five lapsed
for want of a quorum.
REPORT. IX
8 Since the death of Dr Corrigan ' no member has been apI)ointed No success?r to Dr,Corrt~' • ., •• gnn appomted, ,
to succeed him, and we have delayed to appoint a ChaIrman untIl our number shall have been completed. We trust that no further delay will take place in making this most necessary appointment.
9. The Board at present consists of the follov.ing members :- Names of members,
The Honorable GEORGE HARKER, M.P., The Honorable MICHAEL O'GRADY, M.P., The Honorable ANGUS MACKAY, M.P., and HENRY HENTY, Esq.
Jr.-STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE.
Th 1:' 11' 11 .. f' . el t' t 1\T t' I Table 01 Information 10. e 10 owmg ta) e containS III ormatIOn I' a Ive 0 .I., a lOna, relative to National.
Denominational, and Common Schooli'l: from the year 185 I, when Victoria ~~~~m!~~t1o~~;al C':d was proclaimed as a separate colony, to the 31st December 1870, inclusive; ~~~;-;~~~i~:hOol.,from and relative to Rural and Half-time Schools for the years 1869 and 1870.
Period cndln(l"-
1851-Averu(l"c for
1852.
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861 September 1862. I
commencement of Common Sc1100Is Act
186Zo-Avcrngc for 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869t
SCllools, whcthel' Denominational,
Nntional, or Common.
5 Denominational ; >intionaJ * #
1 J~cn.oIl!inutional ~atJOnal .. f ])cnominationul ,Nutional .#
I Denominational Natiollal ••
j Dcnonlinutionnl National .•
I HenolllinaUotlul National ••
1 ])enominutional Nutionul •.
§ Denominationnl 1 Nmiollul ~~
I Denominational Nntiollt\l ••
I Denominational National ••
I Denomil~ntional Xational ..
J Common
Common Common t:ommon Common Commoll Common Common
1 Common and
Rurnl f Common, Rurnl, 1870 " t and Half·time
STATrSTrC_~L TABLE.
255
358
449
532
781 828 94,507 847 101,925
874 §106,cg6
.942 107,s37
3,016 *
3,874 36•
5,788 908
9,239 1,772
11,856 2,5c9
14,044 30553
'7,656 4,475
20,171 6,281
2.1,[40
• 7,416 z:!.,704 7,32.0
24,224-9,711
3;016
4,235 168,jZI
6:&;6 222,436 32'1
1I,0Il 312,307 40'4
14,365 364,324 16';' 17.597 397,560 9"
22,13 1 463,135 l1r5
26,454 5°4.519 8'9
28,556 530 ,262 P ,
30 ,024 537,847 "4
33,937 541,800 '0'7
36,128
37,338 38,279 41.539 46,137 49,404 $lSSo 58,812
555,744 574,lll 605,501 626,530
643,912 659,855 683.977
Percentage 01 Population in Nutional t
Denominational, am) Cornmoll Schools, at the pmiod
specified.
On the rolls, corrected iol' attendance at more than one
school,
'4'320r. in 6'98 q'goOl' lln67'
In averllge uttendance.
2' 5 or I in 40'00
)'0 or I ill n'll
3'5 or .In 25'71
3'9 or I in 25'64
4'4 01' I in U'73
4'8 or I in 2o'S3
5':2. 01'] in 19'2.3
5'4 or 1 in 18'52
5'6 or 1 in 11'86
6'3 or I in 15'87
6'7 or I in 14'92 6'6 or 1 in 15'15 6-8 or I ill 14'7° Tl or 1 in 13'70 1'67 or I in '1'04 8'u. or 1 in lZ'3z 8'60 or 1 ill 11'63
60,031 699,950 2'34 Ip60tlln6'60 8'58orI in 11'66'
61,404 727,4941: 3'93 14'780rl in 6'76 8'44 OrI in II'S,
* Not ftscertnincd.--t The figures {or 1869 ditre.r slightly from those pre-sente-ilin our last Report, o\vlng to returns havilUt heen received OIt~r th(, publication of thut Heport.--+ ']'110 IOtal population for the years 1869 aWl 1870 was obtained by adding together Jhe population for each qtlllrter~ and dividing by 4. thus matdng an uvcrn.ge population for the ycnr.--§ The estimated attendance at ttle eud of 1869, as given in the last HCj)ort, was not l'ea1i1:et1. '1'hose now furnished l:U'e the cJ\uct numbers. 'l'he numbers given for ~870 nre from returns actually l'eceivcd; they may be illcn~nscd by subsequent returns but C(lllllot be diminished.
I I. These figures sllOW tlUlt the1'e were dill-ing 1870, including Rural ~ummaryof nbovereturn._
and Half~time Schools, 908 school establishments in operation, comprising 942 distinct departments" which were distributed as follows, viz., 878 mixed, 22 boys, 25 girls, and 17 infants, each under a separate head teacher; with 107,537 distinct scholars on the rolls, and 61,404 in,average attendance.
12. Comparing the year 1870 with 1869, we find an increase (in- Increase in number of
cluding Rural Schools) of 69 schools in pperation, 1,441 children on the sehoolsund attendance:
rolls, and 1,373 in average attendance. In addition to these, we have granted .A!~ &runted to '7 schools
aid to 27 other new schools, from which no returns have yet been received. maddition.
We have elsewhere (see pp. xxxiii-v) adverted specially to the subject of Rural.chools,
Rl~:ral Schools. We attribute the small increase in 1870 to the heavy floods Smllllillcrease owing 10
w11ich took place during the latter part of that year, which caused several 11000.,
of the schools to be closed for a considerable time. No, 33. B
REPO~I:.
St:'tisti""llOWe{)nSider:~ .• :.:', !·I;3 .. :We nOW proceed· to consider, as in last·y.ear's.Report"the question 0(, ~tatistics ·qf"attendance, under ;the following. heaqs·:-( I .. ) ,. The ·pro;PQl~ion 9f ,~h~~lreu,attencling. scho()l&' 'to: the,' total populat~on.,· (2 .. ) T4e proporti011 of clnldren .of school age atwnding schools. ·(3.) Remarks' on the·,same.,· ...
Proportion of ellildr<Hl :tttenuing schOOls.
( I.) Proportion 0/ Children Attending Sclwols to Total Population.
14· The total nril~ber of s~hol~rs o'~ the rolls of, s~hools for the year 187°, uncolTected for attendance at more than one ~cho.o], was 123,385.
N~:;:~~<)fCb.ildrenOn Bya return called for in 1869, it was found that 12'845 per cent. of the scholars attended mqre than one schqol dming the year. Taking t~le same percentage for 1870, "lye find that 1.07,537 distinct children attended 942
." ComBlqn and Rural.and Half-time Schools during 1870.' c.
Nam.ber of distinct, clUldren.
UaU","! nl1lll~.er.on.roll. _ 15. Some . persons appea;r still to think that the number on the rolls . a.nd average attendauce. .. .' , . .,. , . ,', '. "be~rl;l an· nnch).e ratio to the avel~age attenda.nc~. '* We entered. into this
In Ireland,.
IuNewYork.
J.a Eng1&ttd.
sllbj.ect fully i.n our last Report (pars .. 26., 27) .and in .previous ,Reports. . It may be sufficient to say here, that the Royal Qommission on Education in. Ireland estimated that .. the aye rage attendance in that country, making every possible allowance for double attendances, &c., was· about 41"1)er ·cent.-.-of the number on the rolls. In New York the percentage is exactly the same. In England: it is represented,.to .be 70 per cent., but, as there is no uniform l3ystem of keeping the. rolls there, the figures are not. reliable. Here'.itis 57 per cent. ·It·may not, be :inappropriate to mention
. in this: place,' tl~at we' can find no ev.idence ~. show that in England or America any effort ~s made ·to eliminate the children attending more than. one school ; .. and that no such effort, has been made in Ireland the Report of. the Royal Commission .. on Primary Educq,tion, I 87P:PP' 263-265, conclu- .
. siyely ~hows. vVe invite attenti~n to the follo\ring ,extract.on the subject '. ' :fi:.om tJle address ·.prepared .. by 'tb,e, late Dr. Corrig:m for'. delivei'Y in the, " . Central Schools, December .1876, .which in his abse'II;c;e throughrillness was.' .
. read by the Secretary : - '. ' ' . . , J&xt.act[r~mtllelate "It ·mav 'not be inapprOI)l1.ate.1;o remark here in connection with,·, Drw Corngan's speech . . 0.1 •• _. ".'
a.t~elltral sellOol. as to doubts that· have been eXIJressed as to the 'reliability'. of the returns we have . reliablhty of <etl1l'Us.· . ," . <.' .
. furnished relative to the nun1Qer ef children receiving instruction, that the
Care in prcllarillg stattstics.
Royal Commission. which .has; lately reported .. upon the .National School .systemin Ireland has examined minutely into the correctness of ,the retm'ns '. furnished by the Board of Education there, and that while that Commis~ion" ]Joints out that the Irish Board· has, by.omitting to make allowance for the
'.' . migration of pupils froin school .. to school, .. by ~.tllowing the· same, child t<;> " appear more than. once on the·rolls of the same. school during.the year, and
. : by:aHowing a'child to remain' en·the rolls for '15dnstead of only. 12. months,.,~ " . p.ermitted .. the, llllll;lber. ,of children: returned: HS ,uAlder instructiQn to be.· ( : ; considerably oyer-s.ta;ted, the) allowal,lce ,the ;Comrnission .. ':Q1ak0 for these,., . • _ .• -.CJ1Q.§J;.~.S :QL:r..e.duudMG}: .. sl)yw8 .tJiat thi§ .. 13o;trd 11as, by .th~_ r~.dl!.~tiQn§ h. pas
ma~le .. .for . .migratien,h an,(I, ,bYHnet "permitting .. the '.second"and-,third",causes to exist,' undei:7stated .the.case asr:egar:ds this; .colony.:\~ .'. I' , .:;.~.:: f.' ··,n,,,,.', .. ,f •• :,.:,.,
Dr. Corrigan also adds :-. ~.' .. ,." .;'. The .utm<?st 'pains. have ,been .. taken, 'by .. inflicti;ng . ,:upon I :teachers
heavY:l.penalties·,;wherel;;falsificaticm· OI~. carelessness ..lIas. ;beenrl,proVced, i,:.by fi·equent:v.isits\'fro~n.Jnspectors" and. by 'care in 'cornpilatienr·ip'.the office?)to .prevept.'al1y:.:error; ,and,!weare :convim~ed .that .their:rdiabi1i,ty, .cannat ~b.e exceeded·, by) those ,furnished 'by,:any ·.other countrYl"T', .:.':' .' ~ :;r! :;::,~' ;':, '; "~l'
A.ttendat1",:at~rl\'fttcl ,.' ...• I6 .. From. a r~tu~'n ,f:ul'liislied' hy the Registi>aT.:General; we'find that scltools.. the numb'er orchildren.attending private schools durin.g the.'year 'ended 31st
Marcl: '1870 (the 'date of the latest retuni compiled) vms 30,08'0 ... Assuming
• . "As an incidental testimony to the corr.ectncss of the rcturns,it may be mentioned that· while the average :lttendancc, as deci::Lred by the teachers, was only 6r,404, the number found actually present in the schoo!s.ilvas .70,734. , It SllOU\'d 'also be mentioned that by,the practice of calling .the rolls]twice.instead'of Olwe a day, >llId count,ing two meetings as qnly one attendn,nce, the average is.reduced from z! tl) 5 .per .cent. below what it would be if each individual child attending were counted as a unit. .
REPORT. Xl
the increase in the atteI}dance to be in proportion to the increase in the population between that date and the end of the year, we find that 31,040 children was the number of scholars in other than Common Schools at the end of 1870. Estimating that the same percentage of scholars attend more than one school during the year as in Common Schools, we tind that 27,053 distinct scholars attended such schools during 1870.
17. The Inspector of Industrial and Reformatory Schools has been Attcl1<lnnce at IndnsbWl
good enough to furnish a return, fi'om which we find that 2,997 children schools. passed through the Industrial Schools and Reformatories during the year 1870 ; but of this number 63 children were too young to receive instruction, and 5 I were unable to receive ipstruction through sickness. Deducting these children and estimating that the same percentage of the balance attended more than one school, as in Common Schools, we find that 2,'627 distinct children received instruction in these schools during 1870.
18. The following table shows the attendance at schools in the Ai~~1~~~:: an scboolAl
colony at the end of 1870 :-
Common and Rural and Half·time Schools Private Schools . Industrial Schools and Reforml1tories
On Rolls.
I?7.537 27,053
2,627
19. It thus appears that 137,217 children (out of a population' Ofproport!?nOfChil{lrc:n d I b . 6 nttcndln" 5el1001.
72 7 ,4~J4) attende schoo s during 1870, euig 18' 8 per cent., m one out " of 5'30.
(2.) Proportion qf Children'at School Age Attending Schools.
20. The Re~sttar-General furnished us with a return, quoted in our Number of chUdren last Report, Sh(HVing:::> th!1t the total number of childreI~ in the colony at the ~:J;.een ~ Bnd IS in
end of 1869, between '5 and 15 years of age,amoullted to 24'74 per cent. Oil the total population. Mr. A1'cher declined to furnish any estimate of the ,probable number at 'the end of 1870, stating that he would prefer to defer ,giving· any information :.under this head until after the pcensus had been taken.
2 I, Assuming, 'however, that the percentage was the s~ille in 1870 Estim.ted numberfo:r :as in 1869 '(and that. the 'diffei'ence, if any; was not great, ,ve may infer from {87°.
the Registrar General's having estimated the percentage in ~868 as 24'40 aga.inst 24'74 in' 1869 ),': ~e find that the total number of children in the colony' at the end of, i 870, between 5 and IS years of age, was :- .
Boys Girls ...
... 92,092
.., 90 ,744
22. From a return prepared for our 'last Report, we found that Perccntagen,lteniliog .the 'percentage of children between those ages attending Common Schools Common ::;chools.. , was 91"56, leaving 8'44 per cent. under 5 and above 15 attending our s.chools .. ' Taking the'same percentage for 1870, we find that 98,460 scholars between 5 and 15 years of age attended Common Schools during 1870, being 53"85 per cent. of the total number bet\yeen those ages in the colony.
23. AssQ.ming :the same pl~oporti()n for Private Schools, and Industrial Number .ttendins-
S h 1 d R i! t' fi . d t1 h b b h privnte schools. anti C 00 S an elorma orIes, we n 1at t e nUll er etween t ose ages indus,rlalsclloO]Smltl attending such schools was, in 1870, 27,175, or 14'87 of the total population refol1n.toric.,.
between 5 and IS years. \ . . , . , 24. It would thus 'appear' that 125,635 distinct children between ProportlonntpuDUco:r
these ages attended public or l)iivat~' schools during 1870, or 68'7 2, being prlvllteschools.
lOUt of 1'45, or more than 2 out of 3 children between 5 and IS, 25. But it ,must, also be borne in mind, and this is a fact apt to be Number of children wh(l
I k 1 h 8 f 1 1 1 f h h 'ldr di attended schools in over 00. e(, t at '44 per cent. 0 t le w 10 eo· t e c 1 en atten ng '1170.
schools were, as before st:'tted, under 5 and above 15, and consequently that 'Il,582 children, in addition to the above, attended schools during 1870.
XlI REPORT.
(3,) Remark.r; concerning Statistics of Attendance. RO::~~i:~r::~:fdanee, 26. The following table shmvs the increase in schools and scholars
from 1867 to 187°:-':"" Pcrcentagc:of children
attending as regards the total popUlation,
Percentage 01 chlldren 01 scnoal age attending,
Increase satisfactory.
(I,) PERCENTAGE OF CHILDREN ATTENDING, AS REGARDS THE TOTAL POPULATION. 1867 16'28, or lout of 6'14 1868 1770, or lout of 5'65 1869 18'60, or [ out of 5'38 [870 18'86, or lout of 5'3°
(2,) PERCENTAGE O}<' CHILDREN OF CCIIOOL AGE ATTENDING, 1867 55'68, or lout of 1'80, or 5 out of 9 1868 60'90, or' lout of I '64, or 5 out of 8 1869 67'82, or lout of 1'47, 01' 2 out of 3 1870 68'72, or lout of 1'45, or 2 out of 3
27, It will, we think, be satisfactory to observe the increase, whether as compared with the whole population or the children of school age. In the former the percent.:'lge has grown from 16'28 to 18'86, being an increase of 2'58 pel' cent., and in the l~tter from 55'68 to 68'72, or an increase of 13'04 per cent. We have now anived at the result that lout of 5'30 of the whole population, and lout of 1'45, or more than 2 out of 3, of children of school age attended schools during the past year.
A ~~'~~~~~:~l~:f~~rtion 28. But we must 110t overlook the fact tha,t a considerable proportion home:tuition, of 'Children is being taught at home by tutors, governesses, or parents,
more especially on the goldfields and in the bush. This is caused by several reasons; either the parents prefer home instruction, or there is no Common School, or if there be a Cornmon School the parents decline to send their children to it, 'tV e have no sufficient means of arriving: at the nmllber who are thus instrllctyd, but if' we may, take the estimate of the Registrar-General of' New South vVales, as quoted in our last Report (paragraph 32), that 2 '2 8 per cent, of' the entire population are educated in
Percentage of children attending scnools compared with other countries.
'this manner, we shall find that upwards of 9 per cent. of the children are educated at home, This, added, to the number attending schools, will give about 78 per cent. of' children of school age as receiving instruction during a single year. , 29' 'With reference to the percentage of children attending schools as regards the total population, which in this colony is shown to be lout of 5'30, we have nothing as to comparison with foreign countries to add to what'was stated in our last Report (paragraph 34), where we showed that, according to the latest information, the numbers were, in Prussia, I in 6'18; Holland, I in 8; France, I in 8'62; Svi'itzerland, I in 6 '2, *
Approximate summary of 30, Since this Rel.)ort was in tVI)e, the Re!:!:istrar-General's aI)I)roximate census: Population J v over-estimated, summary of the census tl?-ken on the 2nd April last has been published,
The total population is 'given as 729,868 on that date. Olll'~figures for 1870 represent the average population as 727,4-94-, as furnished by the RegistrarGeneral. This is an over-estimate of some 16,000 persons, and the real ratio of children to population shonld be correspondingly increased,
~:~::'t~f)i~~~!:~~~lhlrd 3 I, Considerable alann was felt at a statement made early in the uneducnted considered, t l' 1 th 't 1 t b -1 t f' h'ldr presen year, onng 1 au on y, t 10, ecause OIUy 2 ou 0 3 c 1 en
.. The return of persons who, when married, sign with a mark';s generally considered as the best testof the progress of elementary education among the people, We find that the numbers in 1859, 1868, and 1869. for Victoria, are as follows :-
In 1859, 9'98 of the men whp married 20'42 of the women
In 1868, 8'40 of the men signed with a '16'7 1 of the wonicn" r mark,
In 1869, 1'07 of the men q' 43 of the women "
It will be obsen'ed that the males have improved about 30 pcr cent, and the females nearly 40 per cent" while the improvement in 1869 over 1868 is in a. far greater ratio than in the ten preceding years, As the increase to the popUlation by immigration is now as small, if not smaller, than it has ever been before, the improvement must be due to the.education given in this conntry, So far, therefore, as our present experience extends, . we may banish all fear on account of the" next generation,"
Again-In England, 2.1'6 of t.he men who married I 30' of the women . " I'd 'h
In Ireland, nearly 50' of the men and women taken together who married ~ slgne wit a In Scotland, 16'8 " . I mark, In France •. 33'42 " " ,. J
Taking, therefore, this simple test, we find that the educational condition of England as compared with • that of Victoria is more deficient in the ratio of about 2.5 to 10; that of Ireland 50 to 10; that of Scotland
16 to 10; and that of France 33 to 10,
REPORT. XUI
of school age are represented as attending school, therefore one-third of the children are uneducated. It was stated that about 45,000 children in the country were growing up without any kind of education whatever.
32. vVe have shown that 68'72 per cent. of the chilch'en between Percentnge of children • a.t schools and under
5 and 15 years of age attended schools durmg 1870, and that upwards of home tuitiou
9 per cent. may fairly be estimated as receiving home instruction. vVe thus account for 78 per cent. The question arises what becomes of the 22 per cent. numherinO' in 1870 40 224 chilch'en or even reducing this number by Di.trib?tlon or the
, 0' " , , rem"moer the 11,582 chilch'en above and below the school age, numbering 28,642. Do . these children really grow up without instruction, and is the Government of the country, as represented in this matter hy the Board of Education, responsible for allo:wing such a large number of children to grow up amongst us uneducated?
33 .. The reply is that the children shown as attending school are Tbisstatementexplained.
those attending during one partiCltlar yea?' on~y. If these twenty-eight thousand or forty thousand chilch'en grow up without any education at all, it follows that the remainder must attend school during each and every year £i'om 5 to 15 years of age. Now it will be at once seen that any such supposition is absurd, for it is well known that chilfh'en attending school vary from year to year, those attending one year leaving the next, and others taking their places. In Prussia., where the whole of the population may be said, practically, to be educated, it is estimated that 23 per cent. pe:centag~ofabsentee. of the chilill'en of school age are absent through illness or other allowable m l'russla.
causes. * The number here may be more or less, but, seeing that we account for nearly 69 per cent. in the schools,. and that .in Prussia 23 per cent, of absentees are admitted for l'IJlowable causes, we think we need have little fear that any considerable number of children are growing' up without education.
34. But, while, in reference to mere nmnl)ers, we may regard this result Illstruclionill Common . I . f: d h'l h b l' h Schools sound. as emment y sabs actory, an w 1 e we .ave every reason to e Ieve t at
the instruction given in the Common Schools is in general sound and good, we must not forget that out of the 69 per cent. accounted for as receiving education in schools during each year nearly 15 per cent. are educated Percen!ageofcblldren , h I b d h I f h' d 'V d' ,at schools not under 111 SC 00 S eyon t e contro 0 t IS epartment. e Irect attentIOn Board's control.
to the following extract on this suhject from the address of our late Chairman:-
"In Prussia, France, and Holland, and the best edllCated countries No person allowed to . E . 11 d . 1 ill . f h' teach In Pm •• ia, 111 'urope, no person IS a owe to exerCIse t Ie 0 ce 0 teac er 111 any France, Holland, &c ••
h I I I bl" d I . 1 'I,],· unless certificated. SC 00, w let 1er pu IC or prIvate, or even to e ucate us own c 11 w'en at home, unless he be provided with a certificate of competency. vVhen will the Legislature he hrought to see that it is as necessary for the State to insist upon the efficiency of the teachers of youth as upon the skill and competency of its medical men?
"The following quotation from the valuable work recently published by Matthew Arnold, Esquire, a Special Commissioner appointed to report on 'Schools and Universities on the Continent,' will justify the above remarks :-
,( 'Prussia means by a scholar a child who has been subjected from his sixth year to his Definition of the word
fifteenth to obligatory instruction, eithcr in public schools undm' certificated teachers who have ~~~~~:~:'~du';'r~:,~. had a three years' trainiug in It normal school, ot' in private schools under teachers who produce the same, or higher, guarantees of competency, Frallce me:ms by a scholar a child who is either in a public school under a certificated teacher, or in a private school uuder a cCl·tificated teacher. Both public and private schools must, in France, be under certificated teachers, and both are liable to State inspection; the public schools alone, however, to complete inspection, the privatc schools to partial inspection only.'
"It is' not intended, however, to cast any reflection on private Remarks as to teacheIS
school& of the' hetter class. We believe that the hetter conducted of these of private schools,
scho~ls would gladly welcome some meaSID'e which would test the efficiency of ]):'lvate teachers, and prevent their ranks being disgraced by the ignorant and 111competent."
'" Barnard's Education in Europe, p. 90.
. XlV REPORT.
lII.-COST, AND QUAT.;rry, AND EXTENT OF EDUCATI'ON- COMPARISON WITH: 'OTHER COUNTRIES- SUGGESTIONS •.
lleference to Appemllx V, 35. In the return of Common Schools in operation in 1870 (see
Full details for 187Q shown. '
Appendix V.) will be found a statement of all the local payments and Government aid to schools, arranged separately under counties or districts and under municipalities. A reference, to this return will show local conllllitt<;Jes and teachers what the receipts of every school have been, and from' what source derived. The local contributions are arranged under school fees, other sources, 'singing, draWing, training, and in aid of buildings and repairs; and the Government grant under salaries, fees for destitute scholars, results, ,singing, cb:awing, training, and buildings. The total of the local contributions raised and Government aid granted to the schools for the rear is also shown in this -return. This is the first occasion on which we have been \?nabled to furnish this detailed' Retu~'n fOl~ the year to "Thich the Report :relates. Hitherto the full details. have only been rendered for the year preceding; but by requiring the prompt rendering of claims we have been able to furnish the return* for 1870,
SU,~t'::~:\~;ti~=~~~~J~~ 36. A sinlilar return has been prepared" of which, however, to save arrange<l ill clll.SSCS, expense, the summary only ,is published, showing the same information
Cost of education.
arranged under the classes of schools, such as vested or quasi-vested,; or if in connection with any religious body, specifying the denomination.
37. 1'he C9st and Quality of Education in Victoria, a~ compared ,with other countries" ha,:~ng o~cupie~ ,mu~~ attentiqn 9f lat~, we have. c.aused 'calculations, to be made for the purpose of enabling us to report upon this, 'subject. It has been said, and th~ statement lms been constantly repeated, that Victoria is paying for education ,at a higher rate than almost any other country in the world.' " '
c<>m~"ri50nofGl'll"t 38 vVe I)urposely exclude any comI)arison of the cost of education Britain and Ireland? ,. cL ..'
with Victoria CXC1Udcct'jl1.Great Britain and Ireland with that in Victoria, becail~e such a cowparisot;l could only .lead to £'111!1ciolls' resillts: Teachers mllst ,])e paid higllel' in
,Victoria, and the scope and ,objects of tlie schools are difierent; tl~e one cO:~~)J~:f~~~,\\lth .\.[1l0ricn.'being' designed for.a class, the othe~' for a people.. The cOlIipal'iso~l ;vith
A.mel'icaand 'with the adja~ent coloniesirill be more just, as the cn;cum'stances of the comitries are more nearly paralleL We will confine oU:r~eh;es principally to America, where the common schools are generally !,upposed to be models for universal imitation.
Ad.ual.cost per lwatl,in', ., '3' 9: 'We fi, nd~that tHis colony'" p. a'rE;'~;;t 'the rate of seven shilling§' and ten Victorin, J -
'pe'nce 'per' head of population, as 'show.nin the follo'\ving'statefuent:':..:.:w:' , <
t',
. p ~ • I" r ',.1 ~ ~
(Population, 72 7;494) t ,
Government grant· for the year 1870, less £7,000 saved
Local contributions University ... ' t' ~,'
Fees from ~niversity ~tudents
£ s. d.
178,256 14 4 95,767 15 8
9,000 0, 0
.. 2,159 6 0
-,--,;-:,-'" (
£z85,183 16 0
'. I Cost, £ s. d.
0 4 10! 0 2 7t 0 0 3 ci 0 ?*
£0 7 1.0 :'
" "," It wi1l~'be"observed th'atiwe 'bav(:/emb)·ii.cea the 'local"col;ltdbutiqhsand the :coMt"of the university,' because i'n' Amei'icft,' thesch'ools ar,e 'principallY'free, 'aiid' all departments of education are placed under the, same management .
.Actu"lcostperhca[l\~ ":'J ;', '40 . ,In'the States,tof ·Massachusetts ana,New York,'accordinlr to the J\t:assfI.chusctts and Sew I .' '.. "~. '. ~. u .
,:?rk~s eomparellwitl, latest' reports; the 'populatlOns'Wm'e ·respectiyely .1,2'60,000, and 3;900,000, 'letona, 'while the eXl')criditul'e'was £'i,ooo,ooo;' arid ~2;2bo,b,Qb;, the '.cost per head
beina- I6s. and I IS. respectively, being in 'on~ case mor~ than .double, and in the,·gther'50 ·'p,er cent. higher tha!l"that, ii:i'.Vi~toria.t ,': ,v'_ "
j , • ,;. '.,: " ". ~ • i., ... " :." '.~' !' '" t • ~ .; • ! ,-: •
;" Some fewCl~iins' ~re stil} :ciU:£st;ttldirig: b'uttiieY':,,=ill~ot materially affeKthe fighni~' shown in thc Heport, ' . ; , . ..., '\ •. " " '" ' ."
t 'See paragraph 30, The true average population was about 16,000 less." , . t It has been pointed out that in considering this statemcnt the relative size of the States and of the
Colony must not be overlooked. 'l'he areas in square miles are, respectively, Massachusetts 7,800, New,Yo.rk 47,000, and Victoria 86,944. Vietoria, therefore, is e~eve!l tiT?es the ,si,,:e ~f the former st~te, and nearly tWice the size of the latter. The sparseness of.the populatlOInn'Ylctorm Increases most materIally the expense,
REPORT. xv
41. There can be little' doubt that the comlmlsory laws 'in Compulsory laws in America practically a.
America are practically 'a dead letter, and ,that the number of children den<l letter, not brought within the sphere of common schools is ·very, -large; , e. g., in the Report of the Superintendent of, Public In'struction ,for the' State; of N ew York for the year ending September 1869, it is stated that out of 1,463,299 chil~'e:p., ~nly 998,664 attended, the C~nimon schools during some portion of the year, the average daily attendance only rea,ching 468,42 I, while thelHev. Mr. Fraser, now Bishop of Manchester (in his well-known report, dated 1867), of whom the Times, in a leading article of the 12th November 1870, states that he is "one of the most capable judge~ (of education) in England," is very emphatic in his statements on the same subject. As to the :evils of "absenteeism and truancy," as they are called, he' quotes a statement reo-arding the city of New York to the effect that out Number ofchnllren ill
, 0 u , New York not nttendill&'
of 250,000 children there are nearly 100;000 within the city who eithel: school. attend no school, or whose means of instruction are restricted to the very briefclSt, period. $ It must be borne in mind, however, that the American statistics nre stated to be very loose, it not being disguised that their statis- A~~~c:b~u:.t~~~~:t~C tical retm'lls, with all their apparent completeness, are very untrustworthy. worthy, Mr. Fraser remarks, on this subject;-" The census returns, which were being taken by 'the separate States while I was in the country, instead 'Of being I?ade up, as ''''ri~h us, from the .date of a sing~e nig~t, a]Jl)eared to. take a fortrught or more Ill' theIr coUection; and dealmg WIth so locomotive a people must, one would think, be full, of inaccuracies.", '
42. AoO'ain, in Victoria, the schools are ol)en during: ten and a halfLenl!:tholftime ,0 U SCliOO S a.re open m
months of the year while in America they are as a rule only ol)en during Victorlltnnd America ',q " compared,
six months, and frequently for a much less time. In consequence of tlIese short sessions, teachers are not continuously employed, and, what is more important" children are not contimwusly instructed: Teachers are engaged only fOl' a single term of three Ol' four months, and their salaliesbeing paid. only during the time school is in session thev but seldom remain in the same Tea.chers in America not
!.J, continuously employed. school for more than a single term, and seldom continue long in the profes-sion. The effect upon the schools is very detrimental. In Connecticut, out of upwards of 2,000 teachers only 949 are reported to have taught in the, same school for as much as two successive terms.c Even in the cities the appoint~ents are only made for one' year, and although the principals and supCliol' teachers generally retain their positions from year to year, there are great and frequent changes in the lO1-,:er depaJ.'tmellts. Outside the cities it is thought a great thing to retain the same teacher for a whole year, and it is cal,culated that at least. a fom.'th of the !'Doney expended on the schools is thus wasted. In al!'Dost all the reports, the rapid. changes of teachers are deplored as on~ of th~ grea,test hindrances to the progress of the schools.
43··. ~rhe ~ast ~iority 9f the teachers, about 9 out of 10, are MajOrity of American 'I d ' f 1 'oJ. • ••• teachers nrc jeronlos-· felDa es, ,q'I!-, ,J;nJ)~t ,Q' ~ lerp. very young ,females, . thmr Salfl,rleS, ,m ma;ny salnry small.
instances being miserably small. Mr. Fraser says, "There must be, countless cqs~s.in wh\ch,the whol~ ,amQuJ,lt of.aJemale. teacher's, salary,.board, included, do~s not ,ex.ce{)d 59f>r }'lp:r;, month, and that ,n9t.se~ured for a longer period than a sil}gle, term ,of, three or,four months' duration, and suspended during vacation·"t
44:. ,']'4~ .highe,s,t sa\~ry .. paid to, any ,t~a,.,cherof any grade ip. America Higbestsalnry l,ahl.
a,.,t, tP~. qa,.,1;e. 9f.._¥~:· r:J!riiser:s.. ~tsit ,:WllS, ~6 5P "to :: ~1;te Prillcipalof the ~"ree ..,,\Ciid~n;ty',.or.1Jn!ver~lty,~,o(N.~;\\':.yor.k.,,_ "'." , . ,.-:.: ,- . , '. '. 45:·,·lt. ~PP-~l'~,.in. ,fact, -thatJhe. Arw~rica~s 1;ta.vinoO' spme of the finest MaAteri"~ for ttcn~~crs 111 -, . 1" 'h ' . ld' f . ' k' ..,., ., l' mertCa no lDiloUO pro-
m.atena _ lll,t¥~ .. w?r;. "o;nt ,Q ,.,~VhlCh to, ma e te,acl~ers, hav~ ~11)10St entire y perlynvailable. r:eglected to make t?~t material properly available. ,',',Apart from ~he qu.e~-, bon of adequ~te tra~nJng (~ays ¥t.·lTraser).r k~ow not.the COllptry III which
. ' '" Complaints of absenteeism and truancy are made by almost all the' other States. The last report
of the Massachusetts Board of Education (1869) teems with complaints on'thls'subject:' -, , t Extract from Report of Board nf Controllers ofthe.schools of Philadelphia (p, 3 I) !-" Let us look at the
salaries of teachers and make comparisons:' 1-Ve have in our schools 'about, 1;300 female teachers cultivated and !ntelligen~ ladies, wbo follow the profession of teaching 'after years of stndy, We dema~d and we reCeive the hlghest order of talent, and what do we pay. them? .. '" 0\< There are' upwards of a thousand teachers upon each of whom 'is lavished per diem a SHm scarcely equal to the amount paid to the washerwoman, and about eight hundred of these' obtain only two·thirds of a washerwoman's wages, A large proportion of the teachers receive less thllli the janitress who sweeps the schoolhouse."
xvi REPORT.
the national material out of which to shape the very best of teachers is produced in such abundance, as in the United States. That, with the shaping process so very imperfectly performed, the results are what they are, is sufficient proof of the quality of the material."
In cdomVpalrln~ Am"hriCnn 46. In any comparison, therefore, of American and Victorian schools an ctorlnn f,C ools • '" • certain?lrcumstanccsto we lllust (nve due 1veIo-ht to the frequent chano-es the low salarIes the be conSldered. ;:, 0 0 , ,
lllcompetency of the teachers, and the short time during which the schools are open, as well as to the irregular attendance of the scholars and the want of anything like'an efficient system of inspection in America.
Cost of eaeh child in 47. TurninO' however to the cost of each individual child instructed Melbourne, San Fran- 0" • ..' cisco, and Chicago com- we are enabled to make a comparIson between the CIty of :Melbourne and pared. those of San Francisco and Chicago. It would be difficult to find three
cities a comparison between whose edncational condition would be more instructive: all of them are capitals of settlements which have rapidJy increased in wealth and prosperity, while San Francisco has the additional similarity of being the centre of a great gold-producing country. The particulars are as follow :-
Number of Children Educated in tilt) Total Cost. Cost per Head. rublic SchooLs.
£ S. d. £ s. d. Melboul'I1e ... 34,799 66,3 II 8 0* I 18
San Fmncisco 22,"15 2 128,000 0 at 5 15 7 Chicago -
149,264 34,740 a ot 4 5 II
Co'tlnChlcagodonbleand 48. :From this it will be. seen that the cost per head for instruction in San j:'rancist.m troblc • that in 31clbourne. IS in Chicago more than twice, and in San :Francisco three times as great
as in :Melbourne.§ It must be borne in mind, lwwever, that the High Schools in America, corresponding in some respects to our Grammar Slfhools, are included in the cost; but, allowing ·liberally for this, the cost
Poorer classes in these cities excluded ffOm benetits of common ,school system;
in these American cities will be found, at the very least, double that in Melbourne. NQr must the fact be lost sight of that while, in these cities, the school-houses are in many cases showy and expensive buildings, resembling modern club-houses or extensive town mansions, accommodation is not provided for more than about one-half of those who require to use them, the poorer classes being almost altogether e;rcluded £i'om any of the benefits of the Common School system.
Extent of inst.ruction 49' But another question arises,' and that is' as to the relative 'extent iml)llrted in America. and in Victoria. of the instruction imparted in America, and Victoria.
'r~lJle of u\e. couro" of 50. The following table shows the course of instruction in both 1.I1Rtructwn m 'l~Hglanc1~ • United St:ltcs, all« Vic- countries as well as in England. It will be seen that the AmerIcan schools t01"la. are divided into three classes-the Primary School intended for infants only jthe
Gi'ammur School, which is the same as an ordinar.y Common School here; and the High School, corresponding to our Grammar Schools, which, as is know}'i., are not under the control of this Board. The High Schools in America, and the Grammar Schools here, both prepare for the University direct; but the Grammar Schools in this colony are practically private establishments, and are not, like the American High Schools, under the management of the Educution Department, and open without charge to all pupils who are fit to pass the preliminary examinations. Some of the Common "Schools iIi the larger towns, however, occupy to a great extent the position of the American High Schools, and so far as oUT functions have admitted, we have
ConrBC (If Vi('tflrinn Common Schools elltnjH'iscs su lljcct~ of Etl~lil:lh primary and American Grammur ~cho('l)s.
placed no obstacle in the way of the,ir doing so. 5 I. The ordinary course in the Common Schools in Victoria com
prises the subjects taught in the primary schools in England, and in the
.. This includes fees and local coutributions as well as the Government aid. t Report for year ending 30th June 1870. t Report for 1869_ § To make this comparison exact, something for the cost of management which is not included in the
estimate of the expensc of the Melbourne schools should be added, but the addition of even £2,000 or £3,000 would not materinlly affect the ratios.
REPORT. XVll
primary schools of America, and, in addition, those of the grammar schools of America,$ as explained below.
ENGLAND. I U. S. AMERICA. VICTORIA.
---------------------1--------------------------------------------Aso and Amount of Instruction.
INFANTS TO 13 YEARS.
SCHOOLS UNDEIl I'l!1VY COUNCIL.
Reading. Writing. Dictation. Aritllmetic to practice.
Age and Amount of Inslruction.
IN}'ANTS TO 8 YEARS.
PRDIARY SCHOOLS.
Easy reading and spelling words of three syllables.
-Writing words and sentences. ;\lental addition, subtraction, and
division, and multiplication tables.
Age and Amount of Instruction4
INFANTS AND ClllLDREN TO 9 YEARS ••
CLASSES I AND 2 IN Co:mlON SCHOOLS.
INFANT SClIOOLS A"'D I:l!FANT DEPAltTMENTS.
Easy reading, and spelling. W ri ti ng sentences on slates,strokes
and turns in copy books. Addition and subtraction and
multiplication tables. Learning article, noun, aud adjec
tive. Learning the oceans and continents. Learning rhymes.
-----------/----_._------/------------
FROM 8 TO 18.
GRAMMAR, PROPRIETARY, AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Usual branches of an English education. including grammar anu geography; arithmetic, complete course; Euclid and A Igebra, Latin, Greek, modern languages, &c.
Preparation for the university, civil service, morcantile pursuits, &c.
18 TO 22.
UNIVERSITY.
Advanceu course in classics, mathematics, history, mnral and physical sciences, theology. &c.
8 YEARS TO 12.
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.t
Reading. Spelling and dictation. Grammar and analysis. Geography. History of United States. Natural philosophy. Drawing. V OC(LI music.
HIGH SCHOOLS.
Latin. Greek. Ylathematics. And generally preparation for the
universities.
16 TO 20.
UNIVERSITIES.
University course.
9 TO 17·
COIDION ScnOOLS, CLASSES 3 TO 6.
Reading, and explanation of subject-matter, including, in some school s, history, as a reading book.
Writing. Dictation. Arithmetic to fractions and deci-
mals. Grammar and analysis. Geography of the world generally. Needlework. Extra subjects tauglll out oj ordi-
nary scltoolltouTs :-tDrawing, ') :j:Vocal music, I tDrili and gymnastics, Taught in .Book-keeping, only a Euclid, ~ limited Algebra, J number of Latin, schools. Greek, Modern languages, And generally preparation for
university and civil service examination.
8 TO 17.
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS,
The course comprises the above subjects, without excluding the extra subjects from ordinary school hours.
16 TO :&0.
UNIVERSITY.
Ad vanced course in classics, mathematics, English history, natural science and natural philosophy, law and political economy, medicine, and civil engineering.
52. It has been stated that the Common Schools in England CommonSchootsln
h · hId I h h' b' 1 'd f 1 England Btated tortJe are c arlty sc 00 S; an t lOug t IS cannot e strICt y sal 0 schoo S charttY8chools. This
h' h d d l' , d th f' 'd 1 t. not strictly correct. W IC epen even to a Illite extent upon e ees pal by be scholars, still they are essentil;l.lly schools for a class, the prospect of whose future is almost exclusively confined to a life of manual labour. The educational wants of the upper and middle classes are fully met by a Edllcational wants of
host of endowed, proprietary, and private schools, and the State IS only ~l~~:~.a:,~;n~;~~OWed
.. Grammar schools appear to be so called in most parts of America because English grammar is taught in them.
t In Ncw York and Philadelphia the grammar school is also pr~ctically the high school, the latter iaking the place of the universi'y in granting degrees.
:I: These subjects are paid for ill pat·t by the Board of Education.
ka C
8choo',t:I'~
XVIH REPORT.
calied upon to assist that portion of the people ,for- -whom, the negligencf~ and narro\v policy of past generations afforded but little facilitv' for education. Till recent times it was an opinion openly eXIJressed, thit thelabouring classes were better left in ignorance. It was feared that with knowledge would come an activity and independence of thought which would render them discontented \vith their station, and impatient of restraint; an'd that a spirit of scepticism ill religion and dangerous aspirations towards political power would be encouraged.
l'rcjulliccs:lgainstin- 53. Such pr~iudices are slowly dissipated, and may still· limit the stl'llction sluwly dissi-. f I I I fi
\ pateu, VieWS 0' t lOse w 10 lave to de me the scope of popular instruction, whilst in a community whose social orders are so· distinct, it is likely that social rather than intellectual status would be considered in the graduation of schools.
J,owergradegnrecontlncd 54- So whilst every path of science and literatui'e is open to the to rudimentary kn!)w~ leuge: scholars in the higher grades>of schools,> even the most intelligent in the lower
'grades are confined to those of rudimentary knowledge. An entirely different order of thingsm}lst be provided for in such countries as America and
III Victoria nnd America Australia. The I)Ossibilities before the young, even of the lowest class, have the order mu,t 1>" ~ ~
tlifferout, a far wider range than is the case in Europe; and so far from there being any cause for anxiety lest the lower orders should be educated beyond their station, it is the manifest interest of the community that those w.ho may be called to prominent positions should be prepared to occupy them with credit, and that the bel'lt quality of instruction should be brought' within the reach
Of what" system of Imblie instruction should consist.
of all who have sufficient ·intellectual power to profit QY it. 55. Such a system of public instruction, in its complete .form would
consist of primary schools,' grammar schools, and a university~ so connected that the entire course should be open to the poorest, scholar, as 'long as his talents and application ecabled him to pass the examinations for promotion from the primary school up to a degree at the university~ -
Classes forhigller subjects 56, But as primary education alone is that with the administration exclUded from hours of • • • • elementary instruction, of wInch we have been more espeClally entrusted, we are most partIcular III
. requiring that the classes for the extra and advanced subjects shall be rigidly excluded from any interference with the four hours devoted to elementary
Subjeetstilughtuntler instruction, SubJ'ect to this restriction, Latin, Greek, Modern Languag-es, tilts re..,trictioll. !..-1
Euclid, Algebra, History, and Singing an~ Drawing, are taught (the two last named being paid for partly by the Board, and partly by the parents) in a considerable number of our schools; and in our capacity of local committee for
lcxhibitiolls f'lf the Ulli- the Central Schools we have eS"k'l.blished exhibitions at the University. As ~~crsi ty established.
before sta.ted, the whole comse should be open to every scholar capable Grammar.schoolssubjeets of completing it but the O"'rammar schools bein£' closed a£'ainst those
allowed as extra work. 'b. u • u whose parents cannot afford, to avmI themselves of theIr advantages, and the number who could be assisted by exhibitions being necessarily small, it has been part of our policy to extend the ordinary course of instruction given in our schools beyond that adopted in England, and to allow the teaching of grammar-school subj~cts as extra work. It cannot be said that by .so doing we are trenching upon the ground of the grammar schools, inasmuch as we i:J,re generally dealing with a class of
mc.mcntaryillottuctlQTI scllolars who could never have been brought within their sphere, All that not to be lleglcctctl, I d' 1 hI' , 1 Id b . can be just y require IS, t tat tee ementary UlstnlCtIOn s lOU e 111
no way neglected for, or made subordinate to, the higher course. > Thenonr,r,~rncticecor. 57. Om' practice ill this respect exactly corresponds to that re-
respond. WIth that re- d d b h RIC .' P . "E"] . . I I d conllllemler! by Hoyal COmmen e .. V t e 'oya, ommlsslOn on . 'I'lmary' .uucatIOn In . re an" , Conllll!5.ioll in Jrcl~!ld. 'which reported last year, and':recommellded that the' hlstructioli" in;'exti'a
branches not common to all r pupils should be given .out of the ordhiary school hours, and that, while the use of th~ school and apparatus should ,be fre~ly given for this purpose, care should be taken not to:Jintetferewith'the ordinary. instruction. .: - " >: , I
:Est~bli.ltmentolexh[bl- 58. As before stated, we have in o"ur cap::tcity as 'local· 'committee" f01;
~:'~:r~~I~C~~I~!~(lerCd, the Central Schools established .. exhibitions, and we h~ve ,long had in contemplation the establishment of them in connection with our schools general1y. In June last the matter ,vas under our consid~ration, and having affirmed the principles' of establishing exhibitions from the :Common'
REPORT. XIX
Schools to the- Grammar Schools, and thence to the University, we placed ourselves in communication with the head masters of the four Melbourne Four Mel00uniegram-mar schools mvitcd toJ Grammar Schools viz-.: the Church of EnO'hmd Grammar School the Scotch co-operuto,and have . ' ~ '. consented.
College, St. Patrick's College, and vVesley College, inviting their co-operatIOn, which was cheelfully given in everv case. ' '~ -
59. In explanation of our r~asons for selectinO' these schools toO'ether Reasons for the .election b 'e of t.hese schools and of
with the Church (If England Grammar School GeelonO' we may state that thcgrammarscllOol, , e' . Goelong. _ we did so because these -schools have a quasi public character, havmg been
built with the aid of the State, and because, owing to their being the properties of the denominations with which they are connected, the death or removal of the masters would not cause the closing of the schools. 'Ve have -thus a security for the continuance of these schools which we could not have with a priva.te-ad\·enture school which may be broken up at any time; and as the breaking up of the school would disturb the progress of the Exhibitioners much inconvenience would be caused. This is the only reason for excluding such schools, for we are well aware that some of them are thoroughly well conducted. We submitted the reg1l1ations, of which a copy Regulationsasloexhihl. b" d J G l' • 'tions submitted to the IS SU Jome , to t le -overnment lOr approval on the 26th Octol)er 187°, and Government.
placed a sum of £280 on our Estimates for the past half year to meet the expenditure for the first year, but we were informed that although the Chief Secretary approved of the proposal generally, he thought that 4:lit would be better to delay the corisideration of it until the new measure for education is dealt with by Parliament."
RULES FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF A SPIWIAL VOTE OF PARLIAMENT FOR EXHIBITIONS OPEN Copyof .... me.
TO Pr;PILS OF COl\1110N SCHOOl,S IN VICTORIA.
. During each year the Board of Edueat.iOl) will award exhibitions to eight scholars of Common Schools in Victoria, in the manner and 011 the conditions hereinafter mentioned.
I. The exhibitioner shall be selected upon competitive examination open to all candidates under fifteen years of' age, who shall have been, during the year immediately preceding the examination, continuously on the rolls of, and in attendance in, any of the Common Schools in Victoria.
2. The suhjects for examination shall be those in Appendix B (Board's Rpgulations) set down for examination of the upper sixth class, together with (1) Euclid, (2) Algebra, and (3) Latin or French.
3. ~ach exhibit,ion shall be of the annual value of £35, tenable for six years upon the following conditions ;- . -
(A). Tbat the exhibitioner shall, at the commencement of the sessionfolJowing the award of the exhibition, become a student in one of the following public grammar schools, or- such. others as may hereafter be similarly subsidized by the State, viz. :-Church of England Grammar School, St. Patrick's College, Scotch College, lind 'Wesley College, all of Melbourne, and the Church of England Grammar School of Geelong.
(B). rite Board ilhall, after having learned the wish of the exhibitioner's parents or guardians, determine as to which .of the above schools he shall attenrl, and, during the time he continues to attend such school, he shall obtai'll at the end of each year a favorable report from the authorities of the same. '
If an unfavorable report be received, or if at any time the Boaru shall be satisfied that the conduct of any exhibitioner has been disorderly, or immoral, they may termin:te his tenure of the exhibition, and of all the advantages connected thereWIth.
(C). That at the end of the second year of his tenure he shall pass the matriculation : examination at the Universitv of Melbourne.
(D). That during the 41h, 5th, a;d 6th years of his tenure he shall be a student of the Melbourne University, enrolled as attending lectures, and that he shall in each year have kept as many courses of iect,llres, as would have entitled him to admisRion to examination under 3rd clause, chapter XI., of the Regulations of the University. -
(E). 'l'hat at the end of the four.th year of his tenure he shall pass the first B.A. degree examination at the University.
(F). It will not be compulsory upon exhibitioners to become boarders in the ·Grammar Schools, but if they should elect to become so, they will be received at the rate of £17 lOS. per annum, to bepaiu by the exhibitioner, in addition to the £35 per annum payable by the, Board. Should they attend as day scholars only, residing with their friends, the Board will pay £10 per annum to the authorities of the sohool, and the halance of the annual value of the exhibition, namely £25. to the parents or guardians of the exhibitioner.
(G). In each ('ase payments will be made quarterly. All payr~lents howevel' by the Board slmll be conditional on moneys beinu placed at
their disposal by the Legislature. " 4· These Rules shall take effect from tllB 1St January 1871.
xx REPORT.
Cand[datesfomhib~tl.ons 60. It will be seen that the candidates were to be selected by com-to undergo compchtlve .. • ...
,examination, to matri. petltlve eXamInatIOn' that they were to pass the matriculation examination eulate, to attenfl the ' .. University for three at the end of the second year beInO' for the last three years of their course years, and to be boarders .. , " ~ " . or day pupils at the students at the Melbourne U lllverslty, and they were to be boarded If they Grammar Schools. ' ,
tho.ugh.t fit, a:t the Grammar Schools, at the rate of £52 lOS. per annum, whrch IS consIderably lower than the 'usual rate; or if they preferred to. be day scholars, they were to be received for £10 per annum. 'rhe scheme,
Cost of scheme. when complete, would cost £1,680 per annum, and there would be 40 exhibitioners at the Grammar Schools or at the University at one time.
A similAr system exists In 6 I. A similar system has been in 'force in Tasmania for many years Tasmania. d 11 l'd h h' . ' an a. t 1e eVI e:r:ce goes to s ow t at It, has had a marked effect In stin;ula.ting
education, both In the elementary and the Grammar Schools. vve have Asumplacedonthe~8ti- placed a sum upon the Estimates for the ensuing )'ear and trust that unless
mates for the onBulDg. • .'. • ' • ' year for this purpose. Immediate legIslatIOn take place on the Education questIon, the amount may
be voted. . Cost of education in Vic- 62. Turning now to the cost of education in the neio'hboring colonies
tons and other colomes ...." • • 0 . , compared.' we mVIte attentIon to the followmg statement, showmg the cost to the State and
to parents of educating children in the colonies of Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, South Aust;ralia, and Tasmania, as extracted from the reports fur.nished :-
Colony. Cost per ChIld. Estimated i Number
IYear. l'opulation I _. :?~ ,------------1---,-----,---D~~e:,:~~r.1 Children. I I .
To the Stat.. " To parents." Total. To the St.~te. To Parent.. Totsl.
1- -£--:':1-£- s. d. -£--;; -; s. d. -;-:-; £ s. d.
Victoria ... 1869 710,284 106,096176,093 6 878,967 10 8'255,060 17 4, I 13 2 ° 14 II 2 8 I NewSouthWales 1869 485,356 56,974101,421 13. 2i39,618 13111141,040 7 I I 15 7 0 13 II 2 9 6 Queensland ... 1869 109,897 11,087 20,694 4 51 .. '20,694 4 5 I 17 3 .. I 17 3 South Australia. 1869 180,965 16,328 19,654 8 6
114,826 z 6! 340480 II 0 I 4 0 ° 18 1. 2 2 1.
Tasmania ... 1869 101,592 5,649 I2,671 1. 21 3,905 7 71 16,576 9 9 1. 4 10 0 13 10 2 18 8
Total Cost
CostluVietoriunothigh. 63. It will be seen that the cost in Victoria is by no means high, having regard to the rate of wages, expenses, and general cost of government in the several colonies.
Draft Bill to facilitate amalgamation of school. submitted to the Government.
Extracts from Eighth Report on the subject.
64. We took occasion in our last Report to submit a draft bill, which we brought before the Government in March 1869, to enable us, where properties were handed over to the Board, to return to the ow~ers a portion of the purchase money, not exceeding one-half; and we stated that, if 'we had the powers asked for in that bill, we should be able to suppress a large number of unnecessary schools. We invite attention to the following extracts from our last Report upon the subject :-
" 116. There are now nearly 300 schools which could be amalgamated into between 100 and 150, the effects of ;which, would be considerable saving in expense, better p!yment to and the consequent employment of superior' teachers, better buildings, fumiture, and apparatus, and improved organization and instruction. As instances of an unnecessary multiplication of schools, we may mention the following: Brunswick, four schools, with 340 scholars; Chewton, four schools, 32 I scholars; the following with three schools: Penttidge, 224; Gishorne, 175; Belfast, 250 j
and the following with two schools: Beechworth) 124; Benalla, 102; Eltham, 99; Morauding West" 80.
" I 17. 'Ve need not dilate further upon this subject, except to say that, until the Legis1::tture grant us power to do justice to the, denominations 'which have established schools, we do not think we should be acting fairly in exercising any undue pressure in reference to amalgamation or withdrawal of aid.
" I I 8. In concluding this portion of our Report, we may recapitulate the following points :-( 1.) That of the new schools the great' majority are vested. (2.) That the non-vested schools are being grfLdually absorbed
• These schools are now free, but the amounts po.ld by the stat~ in lieu of 8ebool fees are not yet known.
I
REPORT. XXI
into the vested. (3.) That there are many unnecessary schools. And (4.) , That to facilitate the amalgamation and the suppression of unnecessary schools, additional powers must be givep. by Parliament."
65 vVe again submit a copy of the Bill, and will only add that with a A copy of the Bill again •. ., BU bmitted, II passed
Provision for compulsion,* which might, be made tentatIve at first, and WIth with a compulsory '. dause and BUght
Perhn"I)S two or three slight amendments m the Common Schools Act, the n.mensdmhents in~C°thm. tJ mon cools At::l., e
wants of the country wou'ld be adequately nlet. wants of the country would he met.
DRAFT BILL. Whereas it is expedient in order to facilitate the amalgamation of schools to give to the
Board of Education incorporated under an Act made and passed in the twenty-fifth yeal' of the reign of Her present Majesty intituled "An Act ./01' the better maintenance and establishment of Common Schools in Victoria" extended powers in reference to the Ilcquirement of lands and buildings and to th~ disposal of the procceds of the sale of lands and buildings which may be or become vested in said Board:
Be it, therefore enactcd by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty by and wit.h the eonsent of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly in this present Pm'liament assembled ;-
I. When lands or buildings which have been held for educational purposes in the manner described in the third section of the said recited Act' shall be transferred to the Board of Education it shall be lawful for the Board to pay such portion of tlle net proceeds of the sule of . such lands or buildings us may be agreed upon not exceeding one-half to such persons Hnd for and on such purposes and trusts being purposes and trusts for tbe use and henefit; of t.he same denomination as the said lands and buildings have heen eonnected with as to the said Board may seem fit. Provided always that the balance of such proceflds shall be re"invested in the purchase of land or in the erection of buildings for educational purposes under the provisions of the said Act.
II, It shall be lawful for the Board of Education to receive and acquire lands and buildipgs vested in trustees not 'under grant from the Crown in the same mannel' to all intents and purposes as if the lands' and buildings were held under grant from the Crown and to dispose of the procceds in the manner indicated in section I. of this Act.
III. When lands and buildings other than those specified in sections r. and II. of this Act are transferred to the Board of Education it shall be lawful for the Board to pay to the person or persons who subscribed towards the purchase of such land or erection of such huildings such portion not exceeding one-half of the net proceeds of the sale of such lands or buildings as to the said Board may seem fit. Provided always that the balance of such procoeus shall be re-invesred in the purchase of land or in the erection of buildings for educational pUl'poses.
IV,-DESCRIPTIVE SKETCH OF. THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM.
66. As a "Bill to amend the Law relating to Public Instruction in A description of the prln·
V· t . " . t d d ' P l' d' h . thO k clpal features of the IC orIa was III ro uce mto ar lament urIng t e past seSSIOn, we m Common School system
it will not be out of place if we submit a short description of the principal submitted.
features of the ComriIon School system in its actual working. 67 . We would in the first place, however, call attention to the injurious Attention cn·lled to injun-
£(" t f h' f" I' h h Ed' . ous effects of uneer-eUec sot e continuous state 0 uncertamty m w llC t e ucatIOn q uestlOn tainty a8 to the Educa·
has been placed. In the Report of this Board for the year 1866, dated 18th tion question.
May 1867, it was stated :-" 131. Deprecating as we do continual agitation on the subject of Extract from Iteportfor
public instruction, we trust that the issue, whatever it may be, of the late . 1866.
Royal Commission, may befina!' A reference to the reports of the late Denominational and National Boards will show that, from the commence-ment of 1852 till the dissoluti'on of those Boards in September 1862, the interests of education were continuously and most seriously retarded by the uncertainty pl'evailing as to the changes to be made in the systems then in force. Hardly a session of Parliament passed away ,vithout some legislation being attempted; and not only were those Boards frequently prevented, by the direct intervention of the Government in some cases, and by their unwillingness to complicate matters in others, from establishing new schools, but they were unable to introduce manifest improvements in their respective systems, in consequence of the continuous apprehension that some contemplated act of the Legislature might at any moment render their labors valueless."
6 8. Nothing, however, having been effected by Parliament, we Regulations ha.ve been
determined at the beginning of the year 1868 to make such alterations and altered an'limproved.
improvements in the regulations relating to schools as the Common Schools
.. In 1819 compulsory laws, requiring every parent to educate every child, were enacted in Prussia (they had been previously in force, but were almost a dead letter). At first there was a violent opposition, and the usual hue-and-cry of invaded 'rights, but in IZ years crime and pauperism had diminished 40 per cent. (Quoted by Rev. J. Fraser, p. 41). '
xxii
Act would allow, and we have on various occasions,. as explained in our last two Reports, submitted amendments for· the, approval of the Governor-inCouncil, which have resulted in the completely revised code appended to this Heport,
!lo;lild instruction reo 69' And we cannot avoid stating- our deliberate conviction ,that the tl1rdedby th~ chronic h' f" h' h I '-' 'I d h' ., d ngitnt.lon ~f the Educa, CrOnIC state 0 agItation w lC laS preva! e on t IS questIOn has one UOll questIOn. I h . d h f' I . . . more t Ian any ot er cause to retar te progress 0 SOUl}( InstructIOn;
and ,ve have no hesitation in say~ng that under any"stable system, whatever had been its nature, far more favorable opportunities for producing good
,educational results would have existed than have been enjoyed by any of the Educational Boards ,,·hich have hitherto existed in Victoria.
l)ute of Common SChOOl.' 70. On the 18th June' 1862, an ',' Act for the bettel~ maintenailCe • Act. and establishment of Common Schools in Victoria" was passed by the
, Legislature. A copy of this Act, generally known as the Common -Schools Act, ,,·hich came into force on 1St September of the same year, will be
l'revious to paSShlgofActfound at pp. 5-7 of the A ppendix. Previous to this date, two Boards of 1·'11'0 Boards eXlsted. Ed . 1 db" . 1 1 h 1 I ' 1 ucation Ia een m eXIstence m t Ie co. ony: t e one rnown as tIe
Denominational School Board, appointGd in 1848, which aided schools established' by, in connection with, and under the' control of, the various religious denominations in the colony; and the other known as the Board of National Education, incorporated under an Act pass~d in 1851, for the establishment and maintenance of schools under Lord Stanley'S .system of National Education in Ireland, which aimed at combined literary and IrlOral,
I'Topcrty of both trans- with separate religious instruction. By the Common Schools Act, the ferro,l to the present f b h B d 11 I 1 f h Doard. personal property 0 . ot oar s, as we as t 1e rea property 0 t e
National Board, was transferred to the new Board; and all lands and school buildings which had hitherto been vested in trustees connected wit)I denominations, remained vested i1;1 the same trustees, with power, however, to transfer the lands and buildings to the new Board.' ,
Nati{)~1RI and Denomi. 7 I. When the Act came into force there were in oIJeration 706 natlonfi,l SchoQIS in . " _ " .. , operation "'hen th.A~t schools of' which 193* were National Schools (now known as vested and cume mto force-and 1D ..'.. • ..
Ollerution.teleseof quasI-vested), whIle 513 were DenommatIOnal Schools (now known as non-l870. vested schools). . There were at the end of 1870 (exclusive of rural schools)
457 of the former, and 434 of the latter in operation. Tahle showing.the number 72.' The folIowinO' table shows the number and description of schools
and (lCScrlptlon of 0 S 1 . £' schools und scllolars.: and the number of scholars when the Common choo s Act came mto lorce,
Xct increuse Iu depart-} menta! 185.
Ditto In seholars, 1.4,200.
the number at the date of the returns made to the late Royal Commission in November 1866, and the number up to the end of 1870:-
"Rehonls in Scbools in operation I Schools in opel'ation, I Increase or Decrease, t 86%., n.s opemtion in 1862., in Nnvcmoer 1866, : exclusive of, compared with 187:1'
when the Common us furni::.hed.to ; Rural and Half-time: "I __ '-' __ -'
Description of School. I Sf~l::'O~:r~\~a~~e ROy .. t~~::;iSSlon.,:, lIst i;'~~~~~c~n'870,1 Increase. 'I __ ])~rcas~_~ ___ ~ I n._ •• L Scholars Depart-I Scholars Depart. i ScholorS ]Jepart. Scholnrs' nepart-I. :SchOlors ~~;\;;~ in average mc~ts. 'n a,'eragc mcnts.: in tl.\·erage ments. in average i ments. ' m average
- --.------. AttClidal1ce . iAttcnd.llce Attom)""c.. Attendance ,Attendance _~· _____ · __ i ____ ·i __ ' __ ~,_ ' ---.-1--
Church of England... 214 10,452 184 1'2,386 155 12,349 ... 1,897 59' ... :Roman Catholic ... liS 5,233 1I4 '7,662 126 8,803 ' II 3,57°... . .. Presbyterian •.. 91 4,916 81 5.437 75 6,008 ... 1,092 16 ••. Wesleyan... ... 62 3,586 57 4,263 57 5.351 . ... i,765 5 ... United Methodist... 5 441 3 . 355 3, '43:i ••• ... 2 8 Independent and Con- . . " '
gregational ... 12 449 10" 605 7' 542, .. , 93 5 •.. Baptist. .... ... 2 .128 I 76 ; .... ; .. , ... ... 2' 128 Lutheran .... ... 6 225 4 197 3 169 ... ... 3 56 Primitive. Methodist .•. 5 I 236 6 310 7 356 2 1 24... • •• Jews: ... ... I 46 I 88 I III... 65 .. · ... Vested ... ... 102 5.359 221 12,3°8 343t 19.920 241 14,561 ... ... Quasi-vested .... 75 4,634 93 '4,671' Il4 6,478 .39 1,844 •• '. "', Combined... ... 16 ,619 i 16 i 903 ... i... , ... 16 61 9 ' . -_._------_._-______ 1_-------
... 706 36,320 ' 7'91 I 49,261 891' 60,520 293 25,011 1~8 8Il Total , •. -,-----, ----------
:~:~~:~7!fi~:,:::~::J T;::leZ:~~~o~~~~d} :193 1~,6I2 _33_0 __ 1_7,_88_2 _. 4_5_7 __ 2_6'~'_98_ ~ _16_.4,_0_5.1 __ 1_6_i __ 6 __ 1_9_
Net decreMe In depart,} ments, 79. 513 i5',708 461 31,379 434 34,U2 Net increase In schOlars, ________ L_-'-__ ~,~_~-'-'__'-'--_ ___' ___ ..: __ ...:. __ ..__! __ _'__ __
8,414. -." Six of these schools received aid from the Denominational School Board. but as they ~ere.conq.ucted
on the principles ofthe National Board they are included with the National Schools. . t Includes the Training Institution. . t Includes the Deaf and Dumb, and Blmd Schools.
Total Non-vestcd 13 8,606
REPORT. XXlll
73. We find from the above table that the 'vested schools 'have Vested schools have In-• • cYCtlsed nnd non .. vestcd
increased from 193 to 457, numbenng 264,' or 137 per cent.; whIle the nOll- decreased,
vested schools have decreased from 513 to 434, or upwards of 15 per cent. ; and that of the net increase of 24,200 scholars in average attendance, 15,786 attend vested schools, and 8,414 attend non-vested schools.
74. Aid has been D"ranted by the Board to 373 schools'since the Numherof.clloolsto O. . • which the Board have
Common Schools Act, came mto force." Of these, 4'5 have for varIOUS granted old.
reasons been struck off the roll, leaving 328 of them in operation. 75 . The followinG' table shows the IJarticulars of these schools, and PartlculursMseilOolsto
• ., • b •. w bleh the Board btl. ve the years m wluch aId was granted. It WIll be seen that 57'32 are vested, grnntedald.
27' 1 3 quasi-vested, and 15' 55 non-vested; the vested and quasi-vested combined constituting 84'45 percent. of the whole.
Non-v •• ted.
Tenr in which Aid was granted. ! l're~by- '\ ';r~t1'~;'i.; I Wesleyan.
Vested. Quasi- Total, Church Homan vested: of CatholiC. Englund, ' tcrltl.n. '
I --~ --~
1864 ... ... ... 3 4 2 ... 1 37 16 63 1865 ... '" ... 2 5 I 1 I 19 II 40 1866 ... ... ... .. . 3 '" 1 ... 23 18 45 1867 ... ... ... ... 5 ... .. . I 23 16 45 1868 ... ... .. . I 7 ... ... ... 26 10 44-1869 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 I 4 6 1870 ... '"
I 2 5 2 '" 3 54 12 . 78 1871 ... ... ::: I ... ...
I ... ... 5 2 7
8 ..
5 2 29 7 188 89 328
76. This considerable decrease in non-vested schools combined with Decrease in non-vested schools showS the ten-
the laI'ge increase ip vested schools, and the small number of new non- dencyofthe~ystem. vested schools to which aid has been granted-5 I oiIt of 328-appear to show sufficiently the tendency of .the lJresent ·system· but it has been Denominational schools,
• • .. ' except Homan Cathol1c.-remarked that wInle the schools of all the denolmnatIOns, except the Roman arediminishirrlr.
Catholic, are diminishing, those of that denomination are increasin~-thus while there has been an actual increase of II Roman Catholic schOOlS since the Act came into force, those of an the other denominations (witll the exception of the Primitive Methodist, where the increase has been 2) have dimini'shed, such as thC'Church of England by 59 and th,e Presbyterian by 16; and that of the 51 nqn-vested schools to which aid has been granted under this Board, 29 are Homan Catholic.
77 Our 'IJolicv for reasons to which we 'will advert further on Polieynstoamnlgamntioll • .J , , or suppression.
has heen not to press the amalgamation or suppression 'of non-vested schools or their being conducted nnder combined management, unless under exceptional circnmstances; but to offer facilities with, that view. 'Again, it must be remembered tliat if the schools of one denomination have 'increased by II, the vested schools, "which are largely attended 'Oy the Roman Attendance at vested
Catholic as well as by the other denominations, and which may be understood schooiS.
as to a certain extent specially representing the non-Roman Catholic denomi-nations, have increased by 264. We would hlrther call attention to Uule 63, .tttcntloncnlledtoRule6;.
which provides that "the existey.ce in any 'locality of a s'chool· not vested in the Board shall not be regarded as a hindrance to the establishment of a vested school in that locality, should such be applied for, although the granting of aid by the Board to such, school should; according 'to section 10 of the Common Schools Act, necessitate the withdrawal of aid from the non-vested school." vVhen grantinD" aid 'to a non-vested school the requirements Requirements of Rule 5J
of this nde have ahvays been IJornted Oltt, and we have ~ever hesitated to aiway. pointed out.
withdra'w aid whenever th'e in~habitantsof a,locality 'have' shown good reason for the establishment of a vested schodl. (i 78. It appears' to us, therefore, that it would be a false policy to It weuld I,. unwise lon-
f ' 'd hI· .. . fu~e aid on conditions Te use aI to sc 00 s on the conditIOns' before named, when they come forward beforc named.
to supply a want which could, not otherwise De'supplied .. 'The alternative in, many cases is to grant aid to,a h.on~vested school, or to leav~ a number of children without education. ' " 79· It has been stated' that the cost of education' pet child in vested Costofeducatlol1st.te.1 to
h I ". be gn'att'T In vested than. SC 00 S 'IS' greater than In non-vested schools; and a Teference to the illllOll-n,tcrl gchools.
I , ~ .' j
. Statement I. fnl1.clou~.
Explanation.
Actual cost.
Board of EdUcation.
Its constitution.
Number who have servecl as members.
Scope of Board', power.
EBtablisbment of now BchooJ,S.
Infant school •.
XXIV REPORT.
Summary at pp. 70-71 of the Appendix would appear to show that this is the case; but, except in so far as aid is granted towards buildings, repairs, and furniture in vested schools, w.hil~ no aid of this kind is granted in non-vested schools, this statement involves a fallacy. The aid granted in salaries and all other allowances is the same in both cases, e.g., a vested school with say 400 children, would not necessarily receive one penny more than. a non-vested school with the same attendance; it being of course understood that whichever school had the better teachers and showed the better results would earn the more money. But it so happens that the non-vested schools are, as a rule, lar~er than the vested, the former, through the agency of the late DenominatIOnal School Board, having secured the princij)al positions in many of the large towns, while the latter extend principally over the country districts and the new centres of population; and, as the expense of maintaining a small school is greater relatively than that of maintaining a large one, the cost per child in vested appears to be greater than in non-vested schools. This will be seen by reference to the following table, where the cost of vested and quasi-vested schools as compared with non-vested schools is sho\vn to be J2 3S. 3d. as against £1 qs. 5d. inclusive of buildings, whereas it only is £ 1 19S' 4id. as against £ I qs. 5d., exclusive of buildings:-
Non-vested Vested and Quasi-vested
COST PER CHILD ON THE ROI.I.S. Local Contributions.
£ s. d. o 14 o! o 17 I!
Government Grant.
£ s. d. I 3 4l I 6 Ii
Exclusive of Buildings.
Total.
£ s .. d. I 17 5 Z 3 3
Vested and Quasi-vested 0 IS Z! I 4 Z I 19 4~-
80. The Board of Education consists of five members, who must be laymen, and no two of the same denomination: they are to be appointed by the Governor-in-Council for five.years, but are subject to removal and may be re-appointed; three fQrm a quorum at their meetings, and they are a body politic and corporate.
81. Since ~he Act came into force twelve gentlemen have served on the Board, but none of the original members are now ~cting.
82. The Board have power to frame regulations for the distribution of moneys granted by the Legislature; to determine, subject to the provisions of the Act, where schools shall be established and maintained; to regulate the inspection of schools, the examination and classification of teachers, the course of secular instruction and the rate of school fees; to recommend for . appoilltment or removal such officers as may be necessary, and to see that the moneys granted are applied to the purposes for which they were voted. All such regulations must be approved by the Governor in Council, published in the Government Gazette, and laid before Parliament. The Regulations first framed came into force on 1St March 1864, several revisions were made from time to time, and the present code came into force on the 1st January 1870'
83. No new school can be established within two miles of any existing sch001, unless the number of children whose parents promise they shall attend the new school, to$ether ,,,ith the average attendance at the existing school, make up 200. Infant schools for children under 8 years of age are exempted from this rule, which is found very useful in preventing the undue multiplication of SGhools, although, as it rests with the Board to "determine" where schools shall be "established or maintained," aid is not necessarily granted even when the requirements are complied ""ith; because, while the required number of promised .attendances may be obtained, there may be ample
. Noticegiven bet."c aid is accommodation in existing schools. A month's notice at least is given in the grunted., . r;0l~ernme1lt Gazette before aid is granted to any school, to allow time for appeal.
Aid torbulldillgs.&c.. 84. No aid is granted by way of buildin~s, repairs, or furniture, or onlygivclI iu ve3-Ictl hI' d hIS' tAt . t ti' scllool.: sc 00 SItes, except to veste sc 00 s. mce le. c came m 0 opera on
Applications und "mounts 915 applications for aid of this kind have been granted, amounting to grantect. d h d f 8 £42,253 IS. 4d., to meet equal amounts, an up to teen 0 I 70,
£35,812 16s. IOd. had been locally subscribed to meet these grants, while 404 a. 2 r. 35t p. of land have been granted by the Government or purchased from private persons for sites for schools and teachers' residences.
REPORT, xxv
85, In order to decrease the number of unduly small schools, it Unduly sm"n sclloo:tS not , 'd d h h I h]l . 'd '1 h d to be aided. IS prOVI e t at no sc ·00 sa, receIVe aI un ess t e average atten ance reaches 20, and that every school within two miles of another must, if in a municipality, maintain an average of 60, and if not in a municipality, an average of 40. If a school fall below the required number, we suspend payment; but if the numbers be again reached, it is competent for us to renew aid, which it is our practice to do if the school be required.
86. To meet the cases of localities where an average attendance of RUflll schools.
'20 cannot be maintained we are em}Jowered under special regulations outside Objects for which , , establIshed.
the Common Schools Act to grant aid to schools in sparsely populated districts, with an average of IS, or to half-time schools where the teacher divides his time between two schools in each of which· there must be an average of 10.
. 87. J n everv school at least four hours-must be set apart for se<;mlar ~ration?f secular . . 1 ., d f h f' h b b f' d m.tructlOn. mstructlOn a one, an 0 sue our ours two must. e e ore noon, an two after noon; and they must in each case be. consecutive, It is also provided that no applicant shall be refused admission'to any school receiving aid from the consolidated revenue on account of the religious persuasion of such applicant .. In connection with these provisions of the Act we may state thai we have always insisted most stringently 011 the uninterrupted secular instruction required by the Act, and that at least four hours per day be devoted ~o the su~jects contained in our programme. Every Common School is open to children of all persuasions, and we have every reason to believe that no attempts are made to tamper with the religious belief of any. 'Ve showed in our last Heport (paragraph 105) that the Attelld1wceofdiffe;ent
d h I f I d d b b f' d " I denomInations at.uon-non-veste SC 00 s are ree y atten e y mem ers 0 enommatlOns ot leI' vestcdsellools ••
than those with which the schools are connected: thus, of 15,512 children, belonging to the Church of England, only 5,996 were attenwng Church of England Schools; while of II,563 children attending Church of England Schools, 5,567 belonged to qther denominations; and of 11,892 Roman Catholic children only 6,592 were attending Homan Catholic schools, while 692 non-Homan Catholics were attending their schools. The same holds true of all the other denominations, the result being that, while nearly
, two-thirds of the d~nominations do not attend their own schools, upwards of one-third of the pupils found in their schools do not belong to the denominations with which their schools are connected.
88. The Act provides that destitute children sh;:tll be admitted to Destitute children.
schools under such conditions. as may be thought fit. The regulations framed on this subject will be found at page 25 of the Appendix. As we have reported specially on this, subject elsewhere, nothing further need be said in this place.
89:" The appointment of teachers rests with local committees subject AppointmentoCtcachers.
to our approval o~ their qualifieations, our sanction also being required before they can be dismissed. The work of the 942 schools under the Board is carried on by 1,259 Teachers and Assistant Teachers, of whom 85 per cent. are classified, by 4 I 4 W orkmistresses and 3 I 6 Pupil-teachers,
. being a total 0£'1,989 persons. The propoi-tion of classified Head Teachers in this colony is greater than that in England, being 85 per cent. against '76 per cent. On this subject we invite attention to the following extract from our last Report:-
"197. Seeing, then, that the qualifications of our classified teachers Classoftcnchm . I f h I I' L! d' I h h ' employed. are superIor to t lOse 0 t e lOme c aSSlue' teac leI'S; t at t e proportIOn of
classified head teachers in the colony is greater than that in England; that the large majority of our assistants are classified, whereas none are required to be, and probably very few are, classified in England; that the pupilteachers, from whom we hope to draw the majority of our future teachers, are rapidly increasing, and that, a complete training establishment is in full operation; we think we may congratulate your Excellency, the Parliament, and the colony generally on the not unsatisfactory condition of our schools in regard to, the most important points of all-the class of teachers now employed, and the provision made for the supply and the training of' future teachers." "
/ No. 33,
/
xxvi ,. ". r
REPORT.
Qu"lifieaHO;'S,Ol)~Ictorlan> , ';"9:C~6-:' \Ve have no hesitatio~ in . saViJg'·:ih.· at) J'U'do.iii-O"'bv "the ;'test of r-achers super'or to .-: ...... ~. '" "tt .,\- ... ,. - .... '. . . J.: !., ... ;:,~ ~ Jr. ~ ',r "
:lwseill G~at BritaIn c!a~'sincat!,op:~", ~]:rd: ']jy .. tl~e. i:mnier04s fai~ures:or-hon1~'~clas'sifieil' teacher~ to:~ ~Ld lrelnnd. . :p!;l~S!', Q~,l~J~~~~min.tltion:s,- the, qualificatioijs '0,£: V"iCtodart'Jt,eadliers:are :sufjerior':
tR. th()s~. 'in G're~t 'B.ritain and 'Ireland. -' ~-:d~ciiled;· iinl)i~,overnent .. has titkel)H pJaqe .yca(by :yea:r; and'1ve hope that in asllort ·tiirie"nearly all the vacanciefl will 'be filled. up by pupil~teachers who have])assed through', thei't coiJ~'se,' an'd:
Trnlniog olteachers as 'hv students' fi'om the Training'lnstitutibn. ! ~'To show' hCYW"mlidi \;atteritioil~is:L 't;;;l'i~~~~ ~Vlth ",' :':l),~id' to, 'tIle' subJecf of tr!llhingin. this' cO.lony, as:;cotJJ-i)ai:e;(r,,~jth' Am,e'rica for
".,1 • iH~~mlce,:'it ~~y :~e' st~ted .tha,t 1Ylr~:l'eas:'in .Ma~~a~hus~~!s, );;, al)pearr(fr'~~i~; the. report of Jhe 'B(~mrd ,of Educ.atlOn ~f that State 'for '186 9, £~ ,000,000 ~lS:' annmtlly expe!1d~d Ol~ Public Educa:#orl, o~]i £8;'060,' o~' less than aile per? cent.; is spent· in' training teachers for their schools'. '~';In 'this' colony, out ()f.i
PIlJlil.teachers,
",',., 'i~~~ \ann~ul,~ .!:e~pendit~7e (inclup~~g. 10?,al co:?-tI:ibu!ioH~), of £2 80,o<io; :upwards;~ . " .' of £1,2,0.00,. 0F.Upwa.rds of four.Jler cent" IS spen.t:."v~th ,the samt;;obJ~ct, ap.d.
even l'iow the exp.enditure is hardly sufficient;' ,:. ,,: '.' ., ," ~ , . , ' ";", '~,.'9 1.' '~uI')il~te~chers are boys, and ,gi'rJs;ofi1~jo;r)4 years ~ofage,: whet pass·througI~' a',c~llTse 'of- instl,!iCtiOri ~x~ehdin:g;''over:four-ye~rs; ~1'eceivingJ salari~s' ,yaryil1g fr,ofi.1' J:i'6 t(),~ £"50. per annunl:.; rtH~.Y fare 'exa:i;niri.~d·ey~rY": yel}l" an'd', if. they' p'ass are promoted to' a' highel~! graae; 1hey'receive Sl)t;'cial" instrl:lcfiorl'''from tlH)'"head teacher 'or'· comJ)'et~nt"assrstaii'ts iii the' sch'ool in~: which they ai'e enlployed, and 'a'cquire the artof tGachingill'the', sch?ols'.·.· At the>.·expirat~on of their coui:se) t!Ier.ar.::.qligible t~. eliter t~H~' Tr'aini~lif Schools ,'to compl'etc" their edtication,"as'·tea,che'rs:',.IThey'are'l.:)oaroed 'imd' lodged at a cost of £ IS per annum, :ancrreniairHll tlicHilstitt:ition' one 01' twp" years, when they obtain their certificates on, examination. .,'
Trillnlnglnstitutton. " 92. Teachers of schools \"ho are recommended fOI~ a coui'se of training'·: ~Y'Ltll'e,ii;c 'In:~p~~t9ts ,'ar~ also"':iJIoweu J~o f~iifer ;ay :-ehe" kanlc "r:ite~": ";bthei~: pers9:ns', who pass ,the :'preliminai'Y examinatipn arfal~o:ved tp;en~il:at''rate~~
SalarieS of teachers.
. , ~. ~
Local committees.
,of £3()' per annUl1l' for males and' '£~ 5" for'feinales,. "All'these:Classes):nl:\y, ho;-;veyer, 'ri:si'dd ,a~'~heir own bOliies~J?r 'at Ihollses .t~be;Jtl)RrOyed·9Y. the Boa,'l'd;:.: Teachel;s !hay also 'be 'classified In !:tonor~":orr 'p~\s81ng" examinatio,liW at' tne:: -University,}rr':iccordan~e wi~h~a"sr,~cia~' 8mtlttei)as~.~i:l hi the:q?~I).ciL',.~': ",
f ", 93: reachers'andasslstalits'lll scho~ls ar:e., pa)d fixed s:;t~apes.v~rYll1g froIi1'£so'td £ioo'pel"anhuni,'\vith hugmenU!:ti5ns'on'Classific:}tron,in honOr's"ofl
'
from £20'to '~60 a 'year:uridei'c~r~a~n','condi!i?Iis"as, t9 a~eI~a~~.allce y' they a~so r:eCeIve payment caUed'pa;y.?hent ~y·reSu/~saccora.l11g to ;tl\"e'¢:( . -.."\ {ions li.assedbY:'their chilaJ:en';\vith's~hddl fee~( paidlj)yth((parent~'alfd Board fOl~ 'deStitute c'liildren; 'ai'rd inlnlany' ca~es'llo1ise"atcp#iHio~atioii i~i
,vided;- Their incom:es 'of course vai1 corisidebrbl'Y/frbrpli£bo o:f'±:jo' a:y' to asJmuch"as £6Qo"o1' '£70o'a,"y' 'eai' .}anll·i:li1 sldine ilSstadce!{eveii"hi'o:l}'er "Ufe. , . '" '" .average salaries of head teachers being aboqt £220 and of a:s8idiants\t'I'd6';~' but ,,,ie~' think it 'may' 'b6 ·said 'tha1/ ·the :prospects'ldf :si.icc~ss'fo{ YOu:6.·g men enteri,11g- the :professiol! :'ai:e jusi"as" 'gbqd :'a8 ~ those '~-oner~d: "by; ali), . ot1WF: occupation' genetally'foUo\ved'\in"'Victoria, wl::riHr-forjTi:.lung wo_n1(~l1r':there is: It?rtllyany;occupatiori'wliich offers su:ch':rei~ards:'" f. ,,;, ':- \ .;.,:.') W ':.' '\,1
, ' 9'4: ,Everj'sbhdol,' rlnist' 'a>ivC":a:" 10dT ':'Conimitt;de~:9t I1Qr le~'S':'than .5; . Ihem bers-, -' there is 'rrd in:ix:imuill~lirn:it'-,they must' 'i~eside~\iil' ithe msh:ic("ail'd; l),e prepatel1' to ,taJlte C~atf-in ~ the.' ,inspebtion !l~l1d\i;aiiag~:iilbni/oF~He~'scIib~or; ': and' theil'~ o c'cup'atidns, 'TeligioU:~(p'ei'sllasions; ana 'disht'ncte' Of )residence 'fiiOlrt the school, are all registered in t~e office: The approval or appl)inttdent~~.~~ 1 rests with the' Board;.aild 'one 'nionth:s notice'i~' giyel;' i~ .. t~~ !Gaz~tte befor~> any apl)ointment is rp.ade; to allow 'time for. appeaL. ,WIth .. the mode 01. liohlinating""'lnem1:H~Fsl~. td'llOn~yested' schools 'wei+do not'interfere', Ibevond: '.r
l'e(ening' ~h~ '~omtnatiori', ',as ~rr' act ,of~ courtesy to the Head'of;~h:e d~n:omi-! . nation, to' kn~'~ if he,,, has, ,a~lJJ:objection' to urge'iflgain,~t tlieapI)?intl1l'~ntr;~;' but: in . v~sted : 3oi1(l, :quasi 2~ested:, 'sch?ols we ll!eCp~ire tha t~:,mern b~l's < shall; :~heJ nemimited at 'public hieetings 'of fparents of clllldren who have 'attended; the' sc:lfool. during any part ,of· the· five 'weekS"pi'cce,ding'::-the (Jay'of: me~tir:g,') alld"&~~1fbscri~~rs of ~en shillings 'a~l~' l,lpwards. ':' -: rJl~est;'.rneet~,ngs; ar~.\: convene~"by !1otlCe affixed, to the ,extenor ·of the door 'obthc'-school-h:ouse,! and by'adY)el;tisement in a focal liewspaper,if any ~he.pu1jli~hed .'within a) distance of t"Wo miles fi'om the school. On the committees of these. schools';' ,
)!
REPORT. xxvii
the principal religious d~nominations, of the locality are usually represented, and there must not 'be, except with the~pecial permission of the Board, all ,absolute majorityofthe:memhers' of anyone ,dehomination.
95. Great complaints have been made from time to .time of the Dntle,(}fcommittees
neglect of their duties by the local committees, but we believe, that on the' lIowper!ormed,
"''Yhole -they are no~, inefficiently 'perfornied. ,'J'heir' duties :are described at 'length in Hule 127; page 19 of the Appendix;' but they may be ,stc'tted here shortly as follows':-, -To appoint teachers, enter into agreements with them,
,and to remove thein s:qbject to OlU' apprQval; .to recommend the distribution 'ot allo\va:p.ces ,J.ll~de, by the, Boar!i; to r~gul~te the rate and ,distribution of fees; to keep full acc'ounts of receipts and eip~nditure; to visit the school,
, and ,to Jeaye,. records. of thejr yisits ,j to Elecme the regular attendance of chjJdren as, far as possible, and to see that the I~ules as to free children are IJ,ot ,ahus~d.,:. When, a school, eS'pe<;ial1y a vested school, .is in process of establishment wlcfind the,col11mi~tee are very; active, and the necessary steps .for securing land, entering .into and supeuvising huilding con.tracts, providing furniture and apparatus, and selecting· teacheI's; are usually petformed 1vith much zeal and ac.t.ivity; ,hut t after the;machine'is once' set ·agoing ,they are in , ,many cases content to leave,thewliole matter, in the hands10f one of their J1}iml~er~the, correspondent-,' :relying. p.rin~ipally' ,.upon 'the District Inspector ,tq.il1for)u the-ql w}len anything is gob;lg WT,Qng:. In practic.e"however, we find ;th~t tlie,systell1'WQr~S :vyell,.cor~lmu,nications froITI. oll1',office 'and recommendaLt!9ns by: the In,spectof!5 're.c~ive; in geI,leraLprqm})t attention, and, it would, be an injustice to a large number ot committees, especially those in country ,districts; whet:~ the .children ·of,;members;.:u~ually attend: the. schools, if we .Pid not he;:tr. ,~estim~:my ,to their a~tention to- their duties. . '
V.-JUVENILE CRIME.
", 96. The 'attention 9f the' press for some .months past; and lately of Cause of "Larriklnlsm" . . I .'. 1 . attributed to Commou Parliament, ,having 'been 'lirgently cal ed to the' suhJectOf Juveni e cnme, School •.
generally known by the newly-coined word 14 Larrikinism," and some wellmeaning hut ill-judging persons having associated the' prevalence of this cri~e ~with, the moral tone of some of om. Common Schools, it may he thought desirable' that w~ should express om views'on th,e subject' . . ,' - 97. In the fir;;;t place, we jnvite.: attention to the' following extract Extract from late Chnlr-
from our late Chairman's address_on the subject, in which-:-although delivered man'saddress.
on his own authority only-we heartily concur:-'" ," Considerable., discussion has taken place lately resljecting a class Growth of larriklnlsm.
of hoys ana young men who, it ~salleged, are a danger as well 'as a nuisance to the COmriilUllty, and are fast in(a~easing the 'numbers of the' criminal classes. Some. persons. 'have: .expressedan opinion that the Common Schools are to some extent responsible~ for_ this: indeed a high,authority'has publicly made the following statement Ivery greatly 'fear" and I'do not think that my apprehension originates in prejudice,· that the' education now -receivea in many of our State Schools, instead of detening the -scholars from 'vice and crime, fosters in them the seeds of evil, andincreases the pro,bability of their being hereafter added:to :the number of the dangerous or criminal clas~.'
" Now, if this charge were true, few would hesitate to say that Common Schools charge,1
these s~h ~ols ought to be 'swept aWll;Y, that they ar~rather a curse t~~m a ,bl~ssing, :~~ fostering lauikin
and .that It would bq hetter for children to ,remalll uneducated, if.by belllg so they could. he kept free from .crime, than that they should receive SilCh instruction as 'fosters in them. the seeds of evil.' .
" "But 'on what evidence' does ,such a charge rest ? None, so far 'as Everyfacliity afforded for . .. '. moral instl'tlction and
we are aware. Evel) care IS taken to secure the servICes of teachers af good diScipline In Common
character; the pay given is in genera;l very good; the inspection is strict and Scbools,
watchful, the hooks and other means and appliances provided are the hest th;1t can he' obtained; our regulations oiler every inducement to teachers to ~timulate th~ indu~try'of theil,' scholars, and. to give due attention to the more elementarY,classes;, throughout :the school hooks. are scattered-lessons of a moral' and religious character, such as can be read by all; and every facility is given for the ministers of religion to impart to the children special religious instruction in the schools. .
Charge groundless.
Cause of iarrikinism,
Want of compulsion,
xxviii REPORT.
, -" ." ' -,: \' • F' ~ ,
"B~t we hesitate not to say' that the charge is almost if not altogether groluldless;' and it is useless :fighting with s~adows.
" The followi?g ?a~ses are suffi cient to ~ccount for this state of things :-. -' ( I.) The wa,nt of compulsory education; (2.) ,The' w,ant'of home discipline;' ' (3.) The state': of the law affecting public-houses and places of
am usement: ",' :' On the first point it' is necessary ~to say . .but little. " Few people will now contend that parents ,ought not to be prevented
from bringing up children in such a state of total ignorance that they ,can hardly fail to be added to the ranks of crime; " ' ,
" In the last Report of the Board the subject was thus alluded to:-CI , • ;, ' ••
" , While this result* is satisfhctory in so far ,that it is unequalled in England or America, or indeed iu any country, except perhaps some of those on'the'Continent of Europe in which a compulsory system prevails, we must not shut OUl' eyes to the,fact'that thel'eare many childmll who receive no edllCation whatever, and who can only be brought within tlie sphere of our Common Schools by eompulsion.'
'. , Want of home disclp)ine. ' " The want of home discipline is painfully apparent.
" No, schoolrraster can train children inhabits of .order and regularity, or can administer effective moral discipline, if parents give undue license and' liberty, t<;> . their children, and permit them to, form injurious Msociations. . his hop'edthat parents will see to this, for they may be well assured that withouftheir active co-operation'the reacher's duty can: only be partially fulfilled. .
Public-hollses and places . "As regards the effect of the law respecting public-houses and of amusement, places of amusement,.J would ask how it can be expeCted that young men and
Return of youthful', criromills.
Evil exaggerated,
boy~, lucratively employed in factories and tracles, who. are allowed undue, liberty and a too liberal' slipt)ly\ of :riloney;will not fall under temptation, w hen' public-hobse~,: many, of, them Of ,the vilest 'character, 'multiplied: beyond all rea'son, are :,allowedto. be' kept :open, aIr 'night; when the frequenters of tneseliduses are"attended by, women and 'girls swept, in from the streets, and dressed in aucn 'a 'manner as to excite the basest passions; and, when dancing saloons' of a simila.r' character are attached to many of these places ? We thus find that young men at 'their e.'lrly entrance upon life are subjected, to the worst temptations. It is proposed to' alter the law; but .the evil, already done is immense, and we shall feel the effects of it for years to come. We
. can only wonder that the results have not been worse" , e," A return of the youthful criminals (nineteen in number) now
und,ergoing sentence in Melbourne gaol has just Leen received, from ·which . it appears that the ages of these' youths chiefly range between 16 and 18;
that several'of them came here from'·Tasmania and elsewhere, and have not been 'at school in the colony; and that snchof them as have been in Common Schools in .victoria have been, in'attendance so short a time as to 'hav'e ,attained little or no educational :progress. , "It may be said,' hQ'wever, ,that the evil has been much .. magnified, a cry has been got up, and the subject.has been sO'~mch : harped upon, tliat, we ha't'ebegml to think that the mischief effected is much greater than is really the case.", , ' ,
Change In law respecting 98. Since the above was written the law, as, to public-hous<;s and pUblic-houses. 1 f' h bId b DC' 1 d
,Opinions of Inspectors.
..Mr. Brown, Morul diSCipline In scl1(ol.
paces 0 amusement as, een a tere; ut, as r. orrlgan tru y state, we shall feel the effects of the late law for y~ars to .come.,,:
. 99. The reports of our, Inspectors, iri the Appendix, dwell to a C9,,g': siderable extent upon this subject. " \Ve extract tlle following remarks from those of Inspectors Brown and Main:-
Mr. Brown remarks:- , , , Notwithstanding the public'strict~l'es wh!eh have lately been Passed on the ~lleged want of proper discipline in common'schools, Lmust reiterate what I have stated in former reports; that good order, obedience,:respElCtful bearing-,and· indu'stry, are' the rule; The necessity of. exercisirig a constant silpervision over the playground is not so generally recognised. Cla~s' drill, Ilotwithstandillg that a knowledge of it has been made olle of the requirements forys .. teacher's certificate, is slow in finding its vvay into the o'rdinal'y routine of the school-work., .'
'" The attendance at COfnm(mi schools is alluded to here,
-
-REPOHT.
Mr. Main reports:-,.
. XXIX
lIfr. Main. ]ororal dlscl-,' , plina In school.
In connection ~ith this subject, which has immediate .reference only to what I may call " the physical discipline of the s~h<!ols, there is to be t.aken into account the moral discipline and tone pervading them. It was with no small surprise that I read the following passage in a letter published some time ago in the' Argus newspaper by his Lordship the Bishop of Melbourne:-" I cannot forbear' adding, that if moral discipline as well as secular instruction be taken into account, the article manl1factured in a large number, not all, of the existing State schools will, I believe, be found, according to the general rule to which I have referred, of a very inferior quality." All my observl:}tion leads me to think that the moral discipline, as well as secular instruction in a large number of' our schools, -though, unfortunately, not in all, is of a very superior description. l' cannot' heJp thinking his lordship'S remarks tend to cast a slur on the majority of our teachersw hieh is by no· means deserved. It is quite tt'ue. that a child's et4ics cannot be examined and the results calculated as easily as, say, his arithmetic; and it is also tme that no direct report is made to the Board as to .the moral discipline of the schools; yet'the article is there: .Apa~'t fl'~m the indirect moral effect wliich all fail' phy'sical discipljne'
. carries alorig with it-a discipline which no one can deny to our schools-much has been done' dire,ctly in the interests of sound morality. So far as my observation has extended there has be(;n not-a little direct, and very much incidental, moral teaching; and the conduct of the children, both in und out of school, affords me pretty conclusive eddence tbat this instruction is not 80 inp,ffective as has been said. If I find school children habitually gentle and courteous, if. I find them truthful and hear among them no profane language, if they are gcnerous and honm'able in their dealings with cach other, I have a right to say that their moral dis?ipline is sound and good; and this I claim for the large majority of the children attending the Common Schoofs. I unhesitatingly assert that the moralities I have namod, and other such like, are inculcated by a large number of teachers, and practised by the children of ollr schools. It has sometimes, moreover, been insinuated that the pest of Jarrikinism, which is said to be rampant in Melbourne and is certainly growing in Geelong, hi due to the absence of religipus an~ moral. training in the Common Schools. Now in Geelong there are only two, schools whieh' are not connected with religious denominations, and in the majority, including. on~, of' the vested schools, I know that religious and moral instruction is given directly by the, teachers, whom I believe to be conscientious, and wort\lY men; so that· if the ranks of larrikinism are recruited from among lads who have received their education at ,Common Schools; as' perhaps to some extent they are, the reason must be looked for elsewhere than to the laches of common school instructi~n and instructors, and a remedy mnst be found 'very different from any that shall prol)OSC to interfere with the present course of instruction. ' I am certain thai the. moral discipline of'school can do but little towards forming virtuous habits unless assisted by proper home and social influences, and it is to the want of these r'ather than to the so-called defects 'of common school education that we ought to attribute the growth of this 8~cial pest, If we would make the future generation what it ought to be, means must be devised for taking hold of boys as they leave school and for subjecting them to proper training during the dangerous years that liehetweim schoolboy life and manhood. In so' fa~ as 'moral disciplil!c ·is c'oncerned" I .. believe I am justified in saying that our schools wjll compare favorably with the' best' 'of British schools.
100. This, and all other evidence we possess, goes to show that the Momldiscipllnetllschoo1.8
moral discipline is in general good. It is of course difficult to describe what good.
is meant by the tone of a school, ,and impossible to measure it as we can a child's proficiency in grammar dr arithmetic; but we appeal to any persons who are sufficiently acquainted with our schools to he able to form a judgment, Whether a healthy moral tone-that which is "so easily recognised by the experienced eye, so soon felt by the quick perceptions of the heart," is not met with in our schools. , '-" 101. As regards America, of the moral tone and general high'Existcnceo! juvenile h . " t f' th h 1 f h' h lilT F k . f: bl" crime in sollOoil! of C .arac er 0 e sc 00 SOW IC country mI'. 'raser spea s In avora, e Amorion,
terms,' we find such complaints as the following :-The School Commissioner of. Rhode Island says-" Do our legislators know that juvenile crime is increa:~illg: in' a much . larger ratio than our population or our wealth? Is it' not time that something was enacted to dry up these sources of frightful evil before the swollen and impetuous stream shall inundate the land?" (19th Report). The Superintendent of the school of Providence says"C,ould a true picture of the rapid incr:ease of youthful depravity be portr~yed in all its appalling colours, it could not but startle and astonish every friend 'to humanity and social order. The seed now sown will produce in coming years a most terrible harvest" (19th Report). Dr. l1'3.t'ch, 'the Superintendent of the State Reform School of Connecticut,: r¢p,'o'hs::!-H That boys are more neglected than formerly is apparent to alV That they are not restrained and kept at home, that there is more truancy' and vagrancy, .and that young boys are now committing crimes which, a few years ago, It was supposed that only ol,d and hardened offenders would
Chnrge against. Common Schools groundless.
Inspection of schools
XXX REPORT.
,comm;t, i~ well know'll to the COUl.J of justice, Q:$~ers, anq to all whose attention is turned in that direction." I
10::', But?, comparison~ equally: cl'edit~ble t~ Vic~o?a might be extended mdefimtely .. ' We 'WIn only repeat that the best eVIdence ,\ye can ob~ail1 prove~ tha:t the charge against 0,!-1r schools, which involves the repu
. ta~ion .of .th~ll'qndrf(rs.,of '~lle.rgeti~ amI zealous"rn,en and WOll,len .who ,are employed in them, is groundless ...
VI. INSPECTION ... :,
103. D~uing "the ye,::tr i 870,' . nearly all'the sehQ'ols recei~ed two regqla,r 'inspectio~s? 'i~ne fql' ',.thepl~rpose 'qf, exiupipatiop Jor'. re,s,ut~ ,( f01~ a~ce:rtaining .th~ nPJ:oulft of, instl~c,tion. giv"m,.!tnd the I)rogress of the scholars)" the other for, the observatiollof. the. schools. as conducted ill thein Ol~dinary 'routine. Bestdes these regula;r ~n~i)ections.a very ~arge.munber o~' i,nc~4ental visit~, i.~~, :vis~t~ without potice, 1vhel;e~heInsp.<:;cto.r .l901{i~nto ~h~ ~~h,.ool,; as be maY"I~!1 ;pa,s~i~g" .:;tnc;tspep(ls perhap~ only a (ew) mi!.lUtes.in seeing that. things, are, going, on sa~isfact01ily; have been. paid, many ,of: the scho01s'ha' been.v.i~ited,s~ver,al.tirries during thejT~ar. '",
x~';'~~~~I~f"iY~=tion ' . lOt: .. ;~ n.~n).b~~' ,or chil~~nr f9u~q prt;s~rit ~t any ;OI?-~)J).sp~,~tiOll (~ha~ for res,uf.~~p,ewg, g~n.~1'ally. t~ky~l).,:was :,7.<?,7J~h~ ,flf,· 879"SC~190ls.;A1}.~ tiIlJ.~ ··a~tually spel;lt in .tl}e s~hool.s. W~s .7,67 8 ,hQlU's, :,or about 8* hours "in eaeh school', in addition to 866 houl's; 61' about ,I hour' for each school ~pent in 'iii~pe?~ionW01;k, 9~:tside ',the.' sc~?ol~o~,ms;" sri.eh as, conferring ,~~t1} ~eacher~? c.o~ll~~es, ,&,¢,. ," :rh~' :¥'~Y:yll~flg fI~v.olve~" amount~c1"to 1 29.,37;8; mU~s, qr 33. t:niles JO.t',eu:c:h sc1;l.Ool, !It. a:n ~xpen.sf, of travelling ,of £:~'" 14S; ,4d. per sch.ool (£ 1,55 I '17 s. II d. ).' The' time spent, in special, eriq uiries 1 and references was 453 -hours, a,nd On i'eports of all kindf? furnished to the BO,ard 1,99 I ,hour,s', or abQllt 4 h~),lu's per wee~ .lor ~ch inspect.or .. , TIle ex~m~natjoI\s of teachers. ;anq, I p:t;lpil-t,ea,cp~rs ;,.ocQl'!-piecl. :i, I 7. 2, hours, ,or abqll t the work of. one Inspector. 'And the',total time o'ccupied in official duties by' the inspectors avei'aged '431- hoi1rs'per,week'. for, each inspector, 6r hours'
staff of Inspectors.
per day tlt~oughrut th.e ,Y0a~,:i;h(~~uqing allliolid~y's:I'" '; : ':," .... ', ", . :,''',', " '.IP5. No, chang~sihi!-Ye ,taken,p~acedur1l1g.the y~r,~n.t~le st~ff,Q~ Inspectors; but Mr. Gilchrist'has:been absent,sJnc~,26th of April 1870;,on sick leave. His place has been supplied by Mr. Topp, so that the,'Ballal;at, district has not been neglected during his absence. Mr. Gilchrist has since returned and has resumed charge.;of the Ballarat district., . ,!
IastructlOll of .cholars, .. '.' .I 06 .. We have gi'ati£,ca,tio~ ip.; beipg, .ab~e ,~o repgl:t. ~4at, ;bpth tOI and condition of build.. . '-" . in;;ssatisfactory. the instl}1~~iol1 9f, the~chqlars: :afld th~ :c()qdi~iQh<?f ,th.e' sclW.oJ builqings· ang:
turnitu,re, .the.;iD?-p.rove~~nt,i.r.en;t~rl\e4 :l~~t ,Y,ear eonti!1u~~, tp,l:W; pi.·ogr<~:s,&ive .. The ,average, :,msp,!?ctors' IP~1:0e.nt:+g~, ,a,: fall; test qf the: pr()PcIen.c'y- (If tQ.e schools, has risen (rom '53 p~r c.ent. fo,r 1',8p9:to 60 l)er;cimt. for'!8(7o~ "The,
. numl~er {rt' .. tiJ1.~((rti,Q.catesl, te~x~h~~~sc emp~()y'ed pas 'fal~en fh:~~1!.207 to, 1,89; and' we look forward to being able l5efore, long to e.~in1inate 'this el,qm<imt. entirelY
", " .n'om ~he.st.aff '()f tea,chers .::mployed'. under.~the: ,Bol}rcL :DU1:ing ,tpe year ,' .... temporary .pern?-ission to ac,t }Val? witl1gra:wn n·~1p. 4? t.Cc't,ch:e~'s·~wing t();f~ilure"
in spp:1f?,Gases n'fqu~rt#Y, l:epe.at~\l;! lP .. pa§w~h<;j,\, examinatioPcs~~: :.T9~ th.os~ ~till: re~ined fllrtheriI).dulg~~9~:"~S:, gi:vyn" ,.eit~~J; 9~9ause: ~f: the, ,diffic,ulty of obtai ring classified teayhel:s for the~(;~c1ro~~s, or be,cause ~hey. a;re' useful ~eache:rs, and sho~:v a, p:r;ob~~il~ty~ ~£: 9J?,t:'t~¢.1}g.thei'r certifi~ates; upoil ~rtheri examination.· " . '. " ' . ", .. ' " 'I
Conformity with best. s:ystems observed.
, 107. A considerable d~gree.of,eo.nformity,yitp:the ,Ipp~t.~pproved syst~~sof ()l'ganiza~ton '.~l,my, previ1~ls.;iR- .,t!le~ ,schooL l~\~.dipgs And. furniture, and ,to ,:1 great~r., ext,eljt ~th~in, 4it~er:to.',in;:tl;l.e m~~hods :.or' il;l.strue~io,n; ·:but it, is in t~li~, directi~:'l that a, c_on,s.idyl·aqle a4yall,c~ inefflGiency .may still be exp,ected, as the ,effect~ . otthe tr~~~il,lg ~tabhshmellt become f~lt, and ~s. t~l(( large, llumhe!~ 'of p'u.1?~1.~t0~c!:ters ,n()!V, l~d~l'goi!1g ~~.eh'. t:;Ollrse . und~r
, , ~killyg. ~e,achers q~coll,1~s,dlst1'~)?Ht~~:t~r9~g:q ,~h~icglmtxy ill ,scJ;wols ,of theIr own. . Mr. Elkingtop' remark~, .. '~ ~.t, i~, ":~ncouraging to~ ops~r¥e:, *!1t, with
!. - ,
.. The average ~ttenda~ce'duri~g the year was 6r,404.
REPORT. XXXI
eomp~ratively few exceptions, the best work in ,the district, 'is: bclng' qon~ by Colonially tmincd
<:~~oni3Jl:r trained teachers: .. ': 'Much has been al~eady' done ,~y t~e', ~~sistance ~aclle". and adVICe of th,e Inspectors, and much ~lso by the, help gIven by the more 'experienced teachers to those new to .'the profession, which has in many cases been cordially given"and has proved of gre~t adva~,tage., ,
108. DUling the year, assistance has been given to 55 Rural and lturnl and Half· time
Hal~-time SchoQls. '(hese schools are useful.in preparilig the ,way for future schools.
Coinn:lOn Schools ~n 10caJities wllich are not yet sufficiently populous to stlpportthem.; but the sanie degree of effici!3ncy which is look~cl for in ordiI:iary schools cannot be expected in these. ,
, '109' The system of payment by re~ults now in use appears to, be Payment byrcsults.
~orkip.g well and to give geneI:al satisfaction. The fact that at each examination each school' is record~d' as' ha:ving gained a certain percentage of a possible maximum affords' a' means of comparison betw.een different sch09.1s, which, if not conclusive as to their relative melits, is suffi~ient1y so
. to .0auseconsiderable emuhition amongsf teachers. Indeed, the wish to obtain' a: high perc,,:ntage nia~rially increases the stimulus afforded by the result paymerits. Whatever be the cause, we believe that an' increased amount of energy and activity is becoming developed amongst the teachers throughout the colony. Mr. Brown says :--,
"
"Turning from the t:esults to ,the- means"bi whieh 'they are accomplished, I have no Extract from 1I1r.lIfOwn'$
hesitation in expressing my opinion, that at no previous time in my recollection has so much report.
hard work been doing in the schools. '" 'I; • , This hard work consists not only in the vigour which they tll;o~:'iilt{) tlleir ordillart'lessons, a'nd 'in the vigilant supervision -exercised over the junior teachers, but in many ins~ances special classe;; have been formed of the dullards for additional instmC"tion after the ordinary school' hoUl's. No doubt the monetary .cousideration has,in ge~el'~l, its'wejght:in promoting thi~ activity ; but in the cases which I ~ave in view at presen,t; :I" ,'still more pO'jVel'ful motive is the attai.nment of ,:I. high 'percentage, which has come to be regarded amongst teachel'il themselv!'ls as a criterion of the merits of their respective schools. And not without good reason. Certainly, the school which stands highest ()n my list of percentages is one which has always' earned ',fOl: 'itself the reputation of being second to none in my dist.rict; .and, on· goipg ~own the list, the next in order are, with very few exceptions, tbo~e \vliich, from their.orgauization and the character of the instruction given in them, I should havc expected to occupy the most prominent :positions."
IIo:'In Appendi..x II. will be found the Annual Reports of the Annual rcports of[nslltlC-
I G ' 1 d I " 1 . 1 .. tor-Genernl 8ml In,!,ec-nspector- enera an nspectors, lJl W lIC 1 many mterestmg statements as tor. ,) ,
to the state of schools and, incidentally, of education generally, will be found. / .. .,. yVe, give these gentlemen the opportunity of expressing their olliriions, without iIi"any way bledging OUl'selves·to lhe'views "ihich theY'may entertain. ,',,', ~ 'I I 1. The edticational inspection of Industrial' Schools has lately, at'InS~~tiOn of Illdustrial
the request of the Government, l')een" 'placed under the lcharge of the Schools. .
Inspectors of the districts in which t11ey are situated. It.is Otlr intention .' .. , .J IJ t,hat' there ~l:iall, 'be 'at least' one thorough inspection each" year, vdthout notice, and "vre 'hope' to ,be able'to give ·va,luablesuggestions to the Govern-ment 'With a view to" the improvement of these schools; some 'ofwhich are not, ,in an educati'onal point of vimv, in a satisfh.c~ol;y state. 'It would he ,l
desiiable' :that no 'teacher" shoUld ~ b-e appointed to these 'schoo!s w-ithout ;,~, preVious referelice to this office, for at l~ast 'one case has occlU'red in which ~' a. teacherr,disqualified. for n'liscenduct has' been appointed to one iof these ij'l
schools,' which 'could ·scarcely'·have' haI)pened had 'we been 'previously com-municated with. " "
' .. ' ............... ---"',:." .
f:' , : 'I i'2.-," ~)i:h;ce{ 'the' V({3;I;:,) 86)l.;' when thd 'nu~lb~r cof '6hilili'en of"ihese Numoor has tlccrcased
Jlasses:r~:i6hea' its' hig.htst,~.t4('l'· Iitiinhbr his':dec'rea~ed~froirl i9',4b'6 ·to J 4,01 2'
in:!~ 87o;:?nd the·exp.en'dibiJ,;ed,'roin; £,'1 i,3~4 6s. kad. t? '~5,ob6 i:5~. 6d. in the ' same perIOd. , . .. . ,'. .J 13. The cause, ,o~ this decrease wa~ ~h.e paf5si~g: .0(' ~ , r~gtllation Cau,c of decrease.
whlCp took effect 'from"lst July 1868; reducmg tJ.1ef~e\PaId. by the B!)ard ~Y ~me half, :viz: ':' rrom 6d:. '~h~ 90.,: according to age,' to 3d; and 4t,d, , ' 114. The tenor 'of nearly all'the information ,,;e have'received on this Clllldl1'll formerl,v !lest!-
subject leads us to the conclusion that this change has 'not driven any really ttl!e UOW ]l"Y Cccs.
Attendance of destitute children.
" XXXII' REPORT.
destitute' children from the schools, but that it has: had the' effect of converting a large number of children, formerly free, into paying scholars. . I I 5. vVe are notaware that any local committees have placed obstacles m the way of the attendance of these children, and we s~lall regard any such conduct on their part as a grave fault, but they are undoubtedly more careful in l:iutting children on the free list, while it is clearly to the interest of the teacher to get all to pay who can.
Certificates of destitution. II6. VVe may mention that where a certificate is produced to a local
Abuses exist.
Number of applicatim:s lor !lId.
committee, and they are of opinion that the case is not one deserving of favorable consideration, it is their duty to admit the child at once, and report the matter to ps for eJ?quiry. TJte Inspectors also are instructed to report in the case of each school-whether the number of free children appears to be excessive, and to forward the names of any who a,re. admitted free without certificates, in order that we may decline to pay for them.
I I7. There is no doubt 'but that with every care cases of abuse exist. It is better, however, that even a consideral;l.le, number of children whose parents can afford to pay fOI'- them sho1.Ild receive free education, than that several thousands should go without any education at all.
VIII. ApPLICATIONS FOR Am.
(i.) 01'dinary Co'mmon Schools.
I 18. Dunng the year 1870 the number of applications received for grants in aid of new school~, vested and non-vested, as well as for assistance towards the erection, repairing, enlargement, and furnishing 'of vested schools, was 54 5, thes~ may be classified in the following manner ;- .'
Applications fot aid hy way of salal'Y " grants for building purposes
" school si tea
Preliminary and indefinite
Total
310
39
II4
349 Sz
545
Applica'tionsllowtli.pOsctl 119' Of the applications for grants by way of salary numbering 1'14·, of. 32 have been fiworably entertained, involving an estimated annual expendi
ture of £4,800. . Of the remaining cases, some are under consideration, and. others have either been abandoned by the applicants, 01' declined by us, for
Applications for bui~ding grants.
I Sites granted.
Full amount, npllHed for not granted.
Grants by "'ny Qf salary.
reasons which are given in Appendix VII. , 120. Of 349 applications received for grants for building purposes,
including repairs' and improvements to existing schools, .school furniture, and the purchase of school property to be vested in the B0ard, 236 have been granted: amounting to £7,17 8 9s. Sd. 1ihe remaining cases are in various stages of progress, 'but not sufficiently advanced to be dea~t with.
12 I. The area secured oy grants from the Crown for school sites during the year is 44 a. 3 r. 8f p., in addition to which sites to the extent ot 4 a. I r. 24 p. have been obtained from private sources, either by gift or purchase, making a total of 49 a. 0 r. 32f p. .
122. In consequence of the votes for 187.0, and for the first half of 1 87 I, having been in.sufficient to meet all the approved applications, we were prevented from granting the full amounts required. W e ther~f~re gra~ted in U1any cases only half th9 necessary su:ns, leaving the remammg mOIety, amounting to £3,510 8s. 6d., to be dealt WIth when the vote for 1871-2 shall be taken. To this course we are pledged; and, in addition, there are cases recorded for favorable consideration, which will be dealt with as far as the funds for 1871 -2 will permit.
. 123. The grants by way of salary have had a retrospective effect where it was shown that, for some considerable time previous to the date of the gr~nt, the requirements of the Common Schools Act and of our general regulations had been met.
REPORT. xxxiii
124. The following is a summary of the al)plications, detailed parti- Summary or applications for ald.
culars of which, as regards 1870, will be found in Appendix V. :--
I Nature of Estimated No. of Amounts Local Payments Number of Applicatlons. Application. Sum applied Grantl'O grunted. Contributions made. Sites.
- for. ronne. received.
list !-
From 1St January to It Decem~er, ,870:- ;1\ $. d. ;1\ $. d. £ s. d. $. d. A. R. P.
114 ~.Iarles .. .. 17,100 0 0 31 4,800 0 0 .. po Buildings .. 9,558 3 6 116 7,178 9 , *",64' IS 9 • 8,447 II 10 ..
8~ 39 Sites .. .. .. .. .. Ditto; pr;;ate .. .. .. .. ..
S1 Indefinite .. .. .. .. - 54, '1-;" 16,6,8 3 ll,978 9 , ,,564 I, 9
From 1861 to 1869:-,71 Salaries .. .. 8,,650 0 o 319 49.350 0 0 .. "9' Sites .. .. .. 604 Buildings .. 49,4" a 1 i ~~I H,074 " II 30,148 I I lIO Indefinite .. .. .. .. - 1,576 -.
Total,from 1861 to 1870 1,'" 161 J 7:1.0 15 S 1,418 96.40 3 I 4 t35,S12. 16 10
• TIle difference!o the payments mude and lhe items entered in Appendix IV. pp., 63. 64, is as under:£. s. do
Buildings for 1869 .. .. •• 469 II I " 1870 •• •• •• 31%.17 II 9
Locnl contributions repaid.. •• 5,715 2 5
Payments made as above •• II t402 , 3
•• 8.447 II 10
Difference .. £:>',954 1; 5
.. 44 3 .. 4 I "4 .. . . 8,447 II 10 49 o l"'~ ..
" .. 56,15~' 13 4 1
35 1 1 .. .. .. 64,600 5 1 1404 1 lS~
Which .rises In coosequenoe of the sUlDmary in the Report for 186<) buvlng been made out to a later date. The dllference of £1,12.8 dIS. 5<1. In the local contributions is owing to the same cause.
t The discrepancy between Ule amount received in loca.l contrihutions, £j5,8u. 16,,!. 100., and £35,790 ]8. 7d, shown in the analysis ot receipts and pUYlncmtFl, puragruph 139. am(1unting to £%.%. ISS. 3d., arl~('s from value haYing bel;'n ~ivcn under the bead of locn.l contributions for buildings transferred to the Board as locnl contributiun.s, but for which no cbeques have been given.
"
125. For the years 1871-2 we have applied for a sum of £13,180 for Amo:unt required for
building purposes. \Ve believe that this sum will be required to enable us bUlldmgs.18
71-1.
to overtake the arrears of past years, and the applications which art' crowding in upon us as well for new and existing schools as for aid towards the exten-sion and improvement of properties which the owners or trustees are desirous to vest in the Board.
(2.) Rural and Half-time Schools. 126. Up to the end of 1870 we granted aid to 53 Rural and 2 Half- Ai~t<>RuraIIUl~Half:'
• tlme ScllOOJS. time Schools; but three of these schools have not yet furmshed any returns. The schools in operation therefore numbered 52, with 1,385 children on the rolls, and 884 in average attendance.
. 127. In the Appendix (pp. 120-125) will be found particulars of 138 Partic~lursit1Appendix. applications received to the end of the year.
128. Up to the 30th April 1871 we received 156 applications, which NumberofapplleOltioDB.
were thus dealt with :-80g-ranted, viz. :-77 Rural and 3 Half-time Schools.
J granted as a Connnon SchooL ' 17 declined as not being required, owing to proximity to other
schools or non-compliance with the regulations. 5 declined, owing to lowness of average attendance.
53 under report and otherwise not dealt with.
156 129. As regards the nature of these applications, we may state that- ature of appllcations.
132 appear to be undenominational in character. :!\< I 6 appear to be denominational.
8 are uncertain.
156 130. In the Appendix (p. 27) will be found the Rules for the govern- Rules relaUve toltural
f h h 1 d 1 d b bl h I and Half·time Schools. ment 0 t ese sc 00 s, an we are g a to e a e to state t I;lt our nspectors ,
report, and that the communications of our Correspondents assure us, thnt they are regarded as a great boon throughout the country, Care will, however, ~e taken that aid be not continued to these schools when their average attendance would authorise the opening of a Common ScllOOl, and that they be not made the means of keeping up inefficient buildings and maintaining unqualified teachers. ,
.. We n.eed hardly say that.this only applies to tlie applicants or to the propf?rt,·, These schools will be conducted lD every respect during the hours of secular instruction in the same way as the others.
ka E
fuiv .REPORT.
,. ' ,J'" ;'!."'''·V .j,;"<' {.ill3;P;', Thepreserit minimum average Fequired"is·'l 5 fOl"a'Ruml Scho.o.l and 10 for-each department· o.f:a·Half-time: ,Scho.oL :~,' ··W e' shall 'Iu)tffaii )te'rbear in-minf'l-the-questio.n whether. th.:;se ' numbers .can,ad.vantageo.usly.be reduced.
A~~:~::~~ ~c~~~: and ,,'1.1 I 1<]'2·.' It is to., be"regretted ithat, it:l So.111e cases,parent8 who. had pledged themsel:ves to. send their children. to. the scheo.ls in the event o.f aid being grantetl., have no.t fulfilled their i)l'o.mise, and thus, in o.ne ler two.' cases, the teachehhas beel! u:nable to. ke~p ,to.gether the average attendance o.f children n~ce~sary to entitle: him ito. claim Ithe Go.vel~nment allo.wance. '
Schools for the Aborigines. ' 1-33: Tl~ree 'o.f the !lura}· Schoo.ls, with 66 scho.lars o.n the ro.lls, to. which: assistance has b",;en: granted; v;iz., tho.se at Ramah.Yuck .(co.nnected with ·the Presbyterian Church), :Da:ke Tyers, an:d Lake' Co.ndah ' (under the mailagenrent o.fthe Church o.fEng'land'~'1issio.n to.'the Abo.rigines), are scho.o.ls 'established fo.r the .. benefit o.f' the Ab0.6gines, who., fro.m repo.rts received and 'specimens o.f their 'wo.rk obs_ervl;!d,.app~firt:O be fully as apblcho.}:ii·s as'm:any Euro.pean children., ", So.me o.f the specimen~ of :their hand- writing are really excellent, and the,H1Huah-Yuck sc11o.o.1.has been. especially ,well repo.rted o.n
M>;"lmntn .bonu. paid to by, the InSI)ecto.r; and. has received: the:maxihmlll bo.nus o.f '£10 under No.. 7 It:IJ"',h-Yuck school, • ' • ' . .
o.f the regulatIOns (fo.r, the management o.f scho.o.ls o.f this class. Teachers 1.0 be summoned 134. 'Vllile we do no.t" insist that all' the teachers emplo.yed in these
for exa.mination. .sCho.o.ls .shall, b~y classified, we hlwe determined that they shall be summo.ned to. attend the.examinatio.ns, as ~n the .case o.f teachets'o.fCo.mmou'S~~'o<?ls.' ,!'By this 'means' it will be seen who. are the mo.st'cempetent fo.r' their I)Ositio.u;-,auu after sufficient trial the services o.f such as are found to. be inco.mnetent will be
", ) _, ."t "r .', 'dispei1l5~d with :,·thus\ i')1"a'gi·eatrmeasure,.the-emplo.ym~ntro.r:'ly~f -co.!1lpetent -teachers<;wiH b.esecured! :We shaH also. endeavo.uI'"vhel'e po.ssIble tescelii;e;fo.i; these,-teachers' SOme' partial trainirigat the -nearest suitable Co.mmo.n ·Scho.o.!'-'
Circulllrto !nspectors as _:1'.,,;:::)' ,{IJs .. ,Ill':reply te., an .eriquir;Y ,addressed ,to ,the Inspecto.rs:.as",to,the to euucatwllal wants of, d ... I f til' . h . d 1· f' . l' 1 . o<llouy. e ucat10na wants,'o.· le. ce eny,- we .. ave'lre~ClVe '.rep les,' O.'WllCl''-a
summary is appended, sho.wing generally that all necessary schoo.lsiare'alreadY pro.vided, 0.1' are .in co.urse, o.f l~eing ~stablished.
METROPOLITAN I.-INSPECTOR SASSE :->' ' .. , . "., ; :: L, Thinks' thc .i.vants of Itisdistrict 'are .[ullfiprovided for::!i.. I' 'r· :' ....
,:. MET.ROPOUTAN2~.:-INSPEcTOR'SIRc6:.1':':"'" ';, •. ' ."+.' ", .. : .:' . -'«'
'r;, .. , f:<t ~'! I Di~trict 'h'as·l.lnq,h;go.ne :but, sligh~t ·change since la'st year; ~Thinks:tw()'more' Ruttal Schools arc required', , ..... "
METROPOLITAN 3.'";-INSPE<JTOR' BROWN :-.. . Can form flO estimate' of tbe' nlunner of child'ren, ill his' distriCt un'provided with
instruction,o\\'ing to thc' shIfting charactei' of the popuiati'on;' tiUi ~lte dejiiJienhy . . :1. ,0_ " 'will only be iiI. the case of children far from'any school. , ,. . i.-: ,:
Thinks twelve morc schools arc needed, provision for mo~t of which is· being'rapidly m~a .
WESTERN.-INSPKCTOR GEARY :-. Whcn aid is granted to aU localities applying for it, or rcquiTing it under rulcs aH
,G :" "" - to Rill'al or Ihlf-tiine-SchooIs;,'tlle wants 'of 1iis' disti'ict. will be supplied a8
, . fidly as a fly ;public s.1Jstem 'can meet 'litem. '.' . . ' His. di:'!.t.rict contains a s'cattCl'od:popuhttion, which inrna'ny places could not maintain
the avenige needed even ill Rllral and Half-time Schools. When 'aid has' been gr~nteu in all the fore-mentioned eases,. tlte on~1/ personll
unprovided for will be tlte isolatedfamilies about selectil!,,!s~and stations. BAl;l;ARAT • ..,-INsPECTOR Topp ,:- .' .
States the educational ivants of lite colony will. be almost entirely' supplied wilen tlte applicatioil~' received, are 'i'!et, . In s6~c pl'!lces th0~m~y ~~; t~mporarily without a school OWIng to the:.povertyof th.e~resldcnts, but tillS WIll be rarely the case.
The defcct of the present system is not in the, 'va:nt of ~choo)s, bnt. in the absence of power to see proper instruction giycn in private schools._
Only knows of two places in his district where schools am rCf!u,i.red.
_'" GKEI.ONG.-INSPECTOR, MAIN :-;-, • '\" I> .. ' ,,', " , , .--; '. When' aid ,is crranteu to all: applicat,ions all'cndy rcocived, .tIle 'wants 'of. 'the district ';}-ir: .. will 'be r:':et.: .. ·,; Doe,v not thi"nk'inore schools are neei1ed'tl/il:z,tlI08eiill'ea(iy;~idNI :l:,::! ", 01' applyi1irito1' aid. ,. ,: '''''': ,,;';':'}''-
CAST~E~I:Aliuj:-INSPEC'ti::m ELlON'GTON :=- : . ,., '; Y" ", c,': ,)'t "
:',"r(.1, Thinks·thilt,wllen 'alii applications have, been ·grantcd, amI aid given,·to all 9.istrict~ :. "i. ", needing, it l1nu.er the-regulations as to Rural and Half-tiT!lc Scl.l~?18, the .. <{nly
. cxisti~lg ,vant 'wilL be ,i!l families too fal' from any school ~o receI,,:e adv~~tag7 '" ,I,., • from It. Cases of thiS sort are numerous ncar the Goulburn- and Campaspe at
present, but the waut is only temporary. In other parts of tlte distl'ict'th'ere .. ,are vC'r.1J./ew,ehild1:en.ollt oIrenclt f!f,a, scltool..of.some.sort.. .... .. . " ". Six more schools are at prcsent needed" and as many ~ore may· be requlrcd durlllg
~y~ ,
REPORT. xxxv
SANDHURST.-lNSPECTOR Bor.AM :-
Thinks when aid is granted to ,all sch,ools applying for it and all localities where Rural Schools are neerletl, the wants of his ,district will be met.
Thinks the only delj.ciency will be in iso~ated localities where the popUlation is too small to maintain a school.
Is not aware of localities in want of Rural, Half-time, or Common Schools, from which applications have not been made, but as the population increases fresh applications may be from time to time receiycd.
EASTERN.-!NSPECTOR BRoDRIBB ,:-
Thinks wants of his dist1"ict will be tolerably well met as regarus number of sehools. Thinks proportion of ehlldl'en without instruction vcry small, though owing to
. scattered population no legislative measure can bring all the children within reach of schools.
IX.-FINANCE.
'. 136. In the Appendix' will be found ~ .statement of the receipts a~d Statement of receipts and
expenditure of th'e Bo:cml for the year 1870., r!he amount voted; the details expendIture fOrIS70
•
of which were given in our 'last Report; was '£189,789 os. 9d. -We have sent in a supplementary estimate of £1,296 13s. lId. to meet claims on certain divisions of the vote which were exhausted, but· we anticipate, nevertheless, that there ,,':ill be a net saving on the vote 'of about £7,000.
137. The following schedule shows .the amount· voted for the half-year A.mount votedfor;tlrst
endyd' 30th J ltne 1871 (calculated at the rate per annum for facility of com- halfof.I8
71•
paiison) ~nd that- estimated for the year 1871 -2. The vo~e for the former period was at: the rate of £4,532 6s. 5d. per annu,m less than that for 1870. An increas'e of £9,637 2s:8d. will be 'observed in the estima.tes for 1871-2, caused principally by an additional sum of £7,755 being required for school buildings, and £1,300 for Rural Schools. .
. SCIjIEDULE OF ,THE ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION FOR
!~I if,,,,,,,,,,,. ,.-
TIlE YBAR 1871-72. , ' .
Voted' for the llalf·yenr ended
30th JUlle 1871. E.tinmtes
for the Year commencing 1St July 1871.
Increase. Decrease. Net Increase.
"'v \~~ Rate per Annum, 1-- --------------------------------1------------------------11-----------
."" 3
. -,
4
.£ s. d .... .£ s. d.
: .. S,J61 '13
• ; I~SPECTIOs". , .. 11 Salaries •. I #. • • 4 I ' 'l'ravclJing ExPenses ~ •. 1,850 0 0
.. ----
EXIST; NO SCHOOts~ VC8ted Sthoo!s •
Teachers l Salaries .. SS,200 0 0 Results .. 1°1750 0 0 Destitufe SchQl9.l's ... 1,30 0 0 0 Singing and Drp.wing .. 760 <> <>
Non- Vested StlwoZs Tenchers' Slllnries ~ ~ 66,700 0 0 ]{esults •• 14)550 0 0 Destitute Scholnl's ~ ~ 3J900 a 0 Singing and Drawi~g'.. 1,640 0 0 Training Institution • 2.,850 0 0 .Mi.;;;ceHnneous Exrendi·
turc~ including PrInting, Stationery and nook~ binding, AdvertiJ:iing, I.aw Expenses, Bonuses for Pl1pU-L:ac11crs, and G~'mnastics-nrHl 3ml
.f,9S7 IS, 0
, . ..
7/211 IJ 4
I
.£ s. d. ..
MSo 0 0
1,8;0' 0 0
S7,038 0 0 12,4[6 4 0
1,300 0 0 760 <> 0
62,4.8 0 0 14.~77 8 0 3,9"" 0 0 1,640 0 0 1.)850 0 0
.£ s. d. S,089 19, 0 ,
I ' ..
7,400 0 0
Temporary Clerical Assistance .. •. ,p6z. 6 0 5.I94 6 0 ••
----~- 161,8rz 6 0 ---- 161,793.8 0
.. NEW SCHOOLS. Vested Selwols.
~a.laries, &c. .. 1,42S 0 0 .. 2,000 0 0
'. BUildings-illcluding tlU Repairs, Furniture, &c., for Yestcd Schools .. 6,000 0 0 .. 13,I8q 0 0
NON~VESTi:D SCHOOLS. Sularies j &c. . • ""
s . . RURAL AND HALF-TWE
7;0 0 0 , ,So 0 0
--- 8,175 0 0 IS,930 0 0
SCIIOOLS, •• •• 6 •• EXHIDITIOSS • • ' •
3,Ioo 0 0 3,100 C, 0 4.400 0 0 4,400 0 0 .. .. 280 0 0 2So 0 <>
.£ $. d. 132 4 0
, , ,
188 6 8
1,838 0 0 1,666 4 d
7,7S; 0 0
I,3OO 0 0 280 <> 0
.£ s. d. I.. $. d,
..
Sclll:!lule oC Estimates t\)r l~I-2..
xxxv REPORT.
Quartel'lypayments. 138. With the view of reducing the labor of the Accountant's branch of the office, we submitted to the Government on the Sth September 18]0, rules providing for quarterly payments of results. At present both salaries and results are paid monthly, and the Audit Commissioners have on several occasions urged upo~ us the propriety of paying salaries quarterly and results half-yearly, representing that the labor of examining these accounts is so great that they will have to apply for a special sum of £ soo, to enable them to make their audit without undue interference with the other business of their department. Our proposal only went the length of . paying results 'quarterly, without disturbing the salaries, but we were informed on the 28th November last that" the Government does not consider it desirable that the rules should come into operation at present."
Anatyslsof rec~lpts and 139. We call attention to the followinO' analysis of our receipts and expenditure slDee estab. . 0 llehmentofBoard. expenditure since the Board was established, a period of 8 years and 4
1 i ••
months up to 31St December 1870. It will be seen that the payments to teachers for salaries results and destitute scholars have amounted to 86 per cent., and that the cost of management has been less than 6 per cent. We showed ih our last Report that the expenses of management in England and Ireland were I I per cent. and in New South Wales 10 per cent.
ANALYSIS OF THE RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS AND OF THE NET EXPENDITURE FROM THE GOVERNMENT GRANT, OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION, FRO;}:t: 1ST SEPTEMBER 1862 TO 31ST DECEMBER 1870.
Receipts from all Sources. Payments. Net Per-
ExpendIture, eontag .. Description of Reeeip'. Amount, Description of Payment. Amount.
--School· books, including £ •• d. £. s, d, £. ., d,
amounts banded over by the late National and /
Denominational School Boards .6,185 16 1 School·books .. .. " .. 1/.411 16 9 5,148 0 8 '4-0S
Local Contributions to- I> wards repaire and build·
$66,864 10 8 1.'198 Inge .. 35,79" I 7 Bnildlngs " .. .. " 0 1',074 5
!tale 01 East Melbourne School sit. " .' 1.781 7 9
/ Salaries and Aiiowances to Teachers previous
to 1St March 1864, when the General Regu-Jations of the Hoard came into operation •• 164,610 7 3. 164,610 7 1 "'7"4
:;alarics and Allowances to 'reachers and Pnpil-teaehers. and Payments for Destitute Scholars. between 1st March 1864 and 1 "t
786,715 786,715 60'714 December 1870 . ~ . . . . 5 .3 5 1 Payments for llesults between 1St March 1864
16~,s79 II 161,579 II and l,st December 1870 " .. 4 4 a'H7 t'fraining Institution .. .. .. Il,1.<}1 1 • 1[,291, J 1- 'S7Z SInging " .. .. .. 8,176 1:1. I 8,176 I~ I '611 Drawing .. .. 1.,gI8 IS 1 ~,918 IS 2. '2.15 Drlll and Gymnastic Instmction .. "
518 ,6 I SIS 16 I '040 Bonusea for Pupil-tenchers .. .. 1,9"3 ° 0 '.92.1 0 0 '148 Donuscs for Gymnastics .. .. .. 2.0 0 0 20 0 0 '001<
Gymnashnn aud Training Institution Build-6,161 6,263 '481 iogs .. .. .. " 9 0 9 0
Rural Seliools .. .. l,/ll 0 :r. I,Ill 0 2. ' . '088 Departmental Sslaries . .. .. 76,568 8 " 76,568 8 1 S'CJ09
Miscellaneous and Interest 3,445 4 7 Miscellaneous and ContingenCies .. .. 36,714 '7 9 36,734 17 9 2'834 -_. .--68)2.03 10 0 1,357,753 12 :r. 1,295.777 14 6 100'000
-------From the Treasury, on ac- Repayments to the Treasury . , .. 8,65) 6 9
count of Yotes, includIng Balance at Banka Balances received from .. " .. 7,038 1 8
tbe National and De-nominational School Boards .. .. r.JoS,2.43 I2 7 -----
1,371,447 ~ 7 I,3?1,447 1. 7
• This amoant is greater by £1,.64 41', Iod. than Ihat shown in the Summ"y par"llraph 124, and is caused by grants mnde by th~ late National Boa.rd, but expended under this Board, befng included b.er,c. •
t It must be understoo~ til at tllis does not represent the whole expenses of tralllmg, a large sum bemg spent under this head In payments and bonuses for l'upll-teachers,
EX.Ilen.se of education, 140. An important question is, whether the expense of education is increasing or diminishing. The Royal Commission on Education was appointed in 1866 and reported in 1867. The vote for 186 S (exclusive of buildings and new schools) was £IS6,817 I3S. 4d., while £172,789 was the vote for 1870, deducting £10,000 for buildings, and £7,000 saved. The average attendance'for 186S was 46,137, while that for 1870 was 61,4°4- If the expenditure for the HItter year had inGreased in the same ratio as the average attendance, £208,708 would have been required for 1870. The
. difference, £3S,9I9, represents approximately the saving effected by the amended regulations which we have from time to time passed.
.-REI)ORT. XXXVII
X.-LOCAI, COMMITTEES.
141 During the past year appointments ofl086 members were made New appointments during . , . . ~~~
in 354 schools, beinO" an increase of 193 appointments over the prevIOUS year; and 74 entirel/'new committees have been appointed. No compulsory removals have to be recorded during 1870.
142. The following table shows the classes of new appointments for the year were made ;-
schools in which the Table showing classes of schoo1s in wbich new appointments were made.
Class of School.
~1:! I
.,;
I i I . "" I " I I
,,0 " ,;i Denomination of Persons appointed. 0'P'l • .. ~ ~§
" " I
" '0 ,; ~ 'gd~ ~ I ~ .. g-;l
~ '" .~ 5 .,; ,," de" Q .;:l " " _.9 .~ "
~ ~ ~ I k ~ ~§ ~~~ ~
1+ " ~ !3 ~ d "" ~~'S I B ~ !:! 8 o'! ~A ----
Church of England ... ... ... 2.34 74 ... ... 2 316 Roman Catholic ... ... n' 179 7 61 I '" n • I 2.49 Presbyterian ... . .. ,,' ... lI3 14 l
I
IS .. , , .. 4 248 Wesleyan .. ' .. ' .. , ... 119 ! 4 ... I l6 ... I 151 Other Denominations ' .. . .. ... 99 8 ... 4 .., 3 8 III
-------:----------Totals ... , .. 844 107 63 I 27 26 3 . 16 1,086
143. It is interesting to observe how well all the religious de- RellglonsdenominatlonS
d - h' . f d bow represented on nominations are represente In t e appoIntments on COmmIttees 0 veste local committees.
schools.
'XI.-TEACHERS.
144. During the. year 1870, 651 teachers and candidates for employ- Teachers, cxlll.ullUltion of.
ment were examined, viz., 305 of the former, and 346 of the latter. Several of these were examined twice, 890 reports having been received. Of the teachers examined, 25 passed-9 for the 1St division, and 16 for the 2nd division; 205 failed, and 75 partially passed.
145. Of the candidates, 189 failed, 108 partially passed, and 47 Number of candldales
passed 2nd division. Of the teachers and assistants who failed, salary was wbo pos,ed or failed.
withdrawn from 40. These results are about the same as last year. 146. On the 9th September 1868 we issued a circular stating that we Appointments of un-
ld . h . f I' ~ d h I clussified teachers not wou not sanctIOn t e appoIntment 0 unc assllle teac ers so ong as sanctioned.
classified teachers were available, The results of this circular we find to be beneficial, although there are still many remote districts where classified teachers will not go, 'and where we are, in consequence, compelled to sanction the temporary appointment of unclassified persons.
:[ 47. The following table will show the progress made since 1865 In Progreasln classltlcaUolI
h I 'fi . f hId of teachers, t e c aSSl c,atIOn 0 teac ers emp oye ;-
Head Teachers. Assistants. Tot"ls. Period.
Uncl .... i- Unciaesl- ! Classlfted, I u n:~~~si-Classltled. tied. Total. Cl ... sified. tied. Total. Total.
--------------'------October 1865 , .. 4-58 254- 7[2 208 301 5°9 666 555 I,ZZ!* March 1869 ... 607 157 764 345 94 439 952 25 1 1,2°3. May 1870 ... 684 143 82.7 336 64 400 1,020 207 1,227" December 1870 ... 718 130 848 352 S9 411 1,070 189 1,259*
• Tbese numbers are exclusIve of workm!stres.es, of whom, in Deeember 1870, 414 were employed, ~4 being cllJ.Bllified.
148. The percentage of classified teachers at the four periods therefore as follows ;-
October 1865 March 1869 May 1870 December 1870
HeRd Teachers,
64'4 79'S 82'7 84'6
AJ!s!stants.
40 '9 78-6 84'0 85'6
is Percentnge of classified teachers.
149. It will be observed that the increase in the number of classified Incrcasc In number of
h h b . . classIfied teachers
teac ers as een continuous. continuous.
XXXVlll REPORT • .I I "
I,iBt ofclllBslfied applicants 150, In September,. 1868 we i,ssued"a,s m,entioned in our last Report, flu' employment kept.
a: not~~,e, to, t~~.,e..if~ct:J~a.~,:: li~t ~f classified. applicants fot employp;ent ~s, head teac~ers, ,asslstiipt" ~chers, ,and pupIl-teachers,' was kept Ill, ,thIs 'office. , ,Sin'ce. the -~p~ni#g: c;r, tl1~ list, "in: March i 867, the names, of, 577 applican~ for employment have been recorded, cif which number '141 .'were
. re~orded d,?ring I~.70' .. w)~ile",~h~ nurnber ,of applications from local committees for teachers, during the year, was 35. In 9 of these cases teachers were selected from the names on our list.
SelsofexaminaUonpaperB. 151. In Appendix IV. we furnish sets of examination papers used at the OJ;cJjnary tell;~1Iet:s' ~xaIr!ination~. They will be found 'useful by persons desirous of becomin~ teachers, as, showing the nature and scope of our examinations. It will be observed that two sets of questions are used : th~y are given to 'the candidates alternately, and the opportunities for copying, of which some dishonest persons will never fail to avail themselves,
Workmi.tresses exa.llltncd.
])is~un)lficatiolls.
are thereby lessened. 152. "With the view of securing, as' far as possible, the competen'cy
of the workmistresses, of whom the la~ge number of 414 are .emp~oyed in C~mmo'~. Sch??ls,::w~ ~ave dir~d~d :that t?ey be eX!lmined by the J.nsp0c~ors as to thelr.abi?ty'to 'c~t out, or :do any kIll~:?f pl~~ l1e~.,<;lle;wo~~" a,rrd,th~t,a sample 'of then' :wOrk be produced to the I.nspector.
1 53. :Du~ing the yellr 1870, ~4 cases of ,disqualification .occurred ; of these 12 were for falsi(ying tec?rds :1?d'2 for, copying at examination. ,
Proposc<1 employment 154. 'Ve have ehiew here alluded to the fact that in America 9 out of ndditional female f
JCll~hcr •• , " of Io,of ,the ,teachers employed m:e feinale,s,' ' In this colony about':Qne-third only of the teachers are of that sex,. i.e.,. ,about 400 literary 'teacher~, apd 414 worl,mistresses. We are strongly of opinion that the employment-of females in schools should be exte~ded; apd ,propose to take steps with this view, vVe remitted the subjeCt to ~he. late conference of Inspectors for their report, which they' :fui:-nisl~ in' tlle ,f?l~owing' ~el'J;ns ;:'-.""
Jlxtmct :IiJ!lm report of cOJserence ..
FEMALE ,TEACHERS (R. 20, fI). " I
. In, lhe ppipio~ ?f th~s p,qnr~r.encc~;tI!e.,!l?oJ;~:flxtende(l ~mploY!llent ofJemales,asassistantJlf should' be enco~r~ged: 'With reference tp t~~/ui·t~er e:n~loym,e~t of f~;nl!-!~,reac!!~rs p~~ ,co,qfe{; ence are of opInIOn that many cas~s, eXIst, ,especIally In small country ~chool.s, III :vhlCh the s,ubstitution, 'of 'female for male teachers would be highly desirable, if prope~ accommoda.tion ~0l'!I~ be obtained.' " , ;' . ....... 'I " " " "
XII.-PUPIL-TEAqIIERS.
EXJlmination of pupil· , , .' J. 5.5.,. D1.!ring".the,' year.l 870, ;646 :re, .ports ofexami~atio~ ',of. 5iF+ pupi1',-. tetlcllera. d d d l' 1 d f ~c4(5,r!3 elIlp16ye,,_an,d .. can I ates',lori'emp oymentj.were,J'ecer~~ :':,1],70
those ,e!llp'IQ~¢d~ w,~r!'! .promo.ted, and 2 82 (candidate8"pas~~d,;., Of, thete~l number examined, 46.3 wer.e' examined once, 6 5,:tmce, '1.2, :thre,e ·times;, J 'fOl;lr times,.l:'!-nd I five times. ,,' ":: ~ " . ,/ ,. ", ,'" .
SrhooL,Ucen.cdfor 156. The number of schools liceusecl-for,.jmpil-teachers on the '31st llupU~tea.chers, and Db' b . 6 f h '1 h llumbersCllIllIoyed. ecem er. 1870, ,was 279 ;. ut,Ill 7 0 t ese, no pUpl -teac ers- were-
employed." In the others, 3 I 6 were employed,. These figures show an increase of 48 sch?ols licensed and 43 pupil-teachers, as compared with 1869- , We are glad to Qe,abl,e to report that the. pupil-teacher system is working, 'on the w~(jle,' ina very ,satisfactory. l1i~ni1er, - . We hOPfl that the supply of, our ,stude~t~ it;t ~:raining:;,will so,or;. pe d~ri~ed ,PtincipnJI,z' from pupil-teachers who p.ave passed through theIr ,coll!,se:.. ,. , ,';
EX3minatloTlofpupil- . 157. The'following is a statement of the a,nnual examina~.ons f.or tea~herSlor promotion. promotion of pupil-teacherEdl;oni' I8'6'+t(,)'I 87() :~
REPORT:
· , XIII.-TRALNING.
~ -XXXIX
158. In our last Report .we ,mentioned that the new Training Institu - New trn!nlilgtnstitnU9n;;
tionhad been,established. fl~om the 1st January 1,87°. '.',' . 159 .. During the year 78 stude:p.ts have been in tmining, of. which Number of students In
• ,. trainin'" numh~r 46 were females and 32 males. Of.thedemales,': 12' were extern* 0'
students, and 34 t were intern; and of, the. . males, 4 were. extern and 28 intern. .
16o. Two examinations of the students in traininO' were held durinO' Half-yearly examinations • • 0 0- of students III training.
the year, one m June and the other m December. We regret that the results in both cases were not satisfactory, only 4 persons having passed fo;t' the 3rd class, 2 in.June and .2 in Decemher. The ,unsatisfactory nature of the results may, however, be explained' by the fact that the institution, having been. only just established, ,vas scarcely ill fair'working order during the first year, and many of the students had only been in training a month or two before the examinations· were held. ' The standard ·of-examination also has been considerably raised., We hope next year to be able to report a m1lXked improvement., vVith,this view we have now decided that'candidates who have passed the,entrance,e'xalllination shall be admitted,; as students in order of merit ascertained by means of a competitive examination.
_ , '161.- DurinO' the year, 2'50 reports of" examination ·of.1 76 -candidates ExamlnatiQus of candl-'.. '" ~. ),. • dates for admll':!slon to
for .admiSSIOn w~re recelved~, Of thIS number: 47 passed, 5 partIally passed, the training institution.
,not hav~ng ':ret, completed their examination; .and:, 124' failed.:.
","
, XIV.-'fEcHNOLOGICAL. INSTRUCTION.---.lDRkwING;·· • '" ~ :. ',.' ,",.. ..' ...... .1:' , .. '
162. We have grouped these subjects. tQg~ther, b,ecause at p:resent Tec~:~;~~~i~!d::::~tion technological instruction is practically confined to drawing. D'
-" 1.63. The programme of instruction ifi-Di'amno' iIi-our'schools which pj'O~r!lmmc ofii15trncUon
has been adopted from tHat followed in countries wh~re technical ed'ucation 10 drawing.
In schools re'ceives' the :o'l'~atest attention,.is as follows:..2 " " j O~l f
First Class. '
To draw: straight lines and regular curves, i.e., the circle and ellipse. To know the names 'of ordinary lines, angles, and plane figures.
, : • i !. !. ~ :., . '. ."
'. " , Second Class.' I ".. \' '" • I • : • 1 ."
, To draw from the flat co'py ordinary ornamenial outline.
To drJl-w from ihe solid the outline of the cube and cylinder. To know the names of the ordinary regular solids.
1 '.' ~ ~ ,-~, '
....... -- ,_ ... J ... ,.....' ." .. ,.. TMrd Class. -, ...
Shaded flat dr8;wing from the copy. 'To draw from the solid any ordinary object (e,g. cube and vase) ~illlded.
, To kp.ow the nrinciplesof shading und the ,Q]eme!lts of .pe.rspective.-'Points of sight and vanishing points;-=--Difi'erence between parallel an~ oblique 'perSpec'tiVB. 1~, ~, ~, :' - " l .('., ., " '),
· :j 64-:"W el1ave gi'ven instructions too'ur inspectots,':loca] 'committees, Programme to be Ildherc4
anrto thetea~hers of ·qrawi'ng, that this:progi'amm,e=~b~; strictly 'adhered to, to. "
arid have·stated, that we consider the head teacher'responsible; .80 far as his abilities permit, t~at the ,instruction be,gIven 'in·;~l .. prop~i·m~ner, pointing out that any person, even ,if unable to draw, dii observe' whether the subjects-laid 'do.wn,iu ,tIie progrmhme are taught to;~he p{IPils, -'vIz., whether drawing both froi~. the)~abirid solid is practised, aI1U;hlstructiop.. given 'in the na.n:es of thev~nous solid.s,; &c~, 'and inperspectiv~ '; apd -also w~ether the pupIls a~e claSSIfied according to progralnme! ,." . ,,, .' '.' .' ,. .
16 5. In order to secure that the teachers licensed to impart this Examinll.Uons ~orteachcrK instruction are qliaJified for their' duties, a BoaI;d':iof 'Exartiiners has been "fdrawing, ,
.' .... : Th~9 ~l!clu!1es A-' W40 :ent~red a,s intern,. but .were s~bse9u~ntly alloweil to continue as externs. t TIllS lllcludes I who entered aS'an extern, but was lI110wed to con~iuue as an intern.
Progrnmme of examination in drawing.
Bomber of candidates at . drowillil examinations.
Examinations held.
Progress made in ins true .. . lion in drawing.
Increa,e in l1umber of schools and scholars oyer numbers shown for 1869.
xl REPORT.l
appointed, before whom all candidates are required to pass in the subjoined programme :-
Second Division.
Drawing from the Flat.-Pure outline of geometl'ic form. Out.line of human head. Drawing from the Round, witlt ligM and sltade.-A. geometric solid. A. group of
common t,hings, sueh as vases, lamps, &c. l'erspective.-A.n elementary knowledge. Practical Geometry.--Polygons, circle, ellipse. Teaclting.-To be able to teach a class properly.
First Division.
Drawing from the Flat.-Pure outline of geometric form. Outline of hum,an head. To copy II given lithograph. . Drawing from the Round, with light and shade.-Plaster model of head, hand, or foot of human figure. ,
l'erspective.-First six lessons of Burchett's Perspective, or its eqJ.livalellt. Practical Geometl'y.-Gleig's series, or its equivalent.
. Teaching.-To be able to teach a class properly, and to produce a class taught by the candidate for twelve months which can pass a satisfaetory examination,
166. During the year, three examinations were held at which 24 candidates attended. Of this number 13 passed, 12 for the second division and 1 for the first division, subject to the production of a class as required by the programme.
167. Up to the end of 1870,14 examinations have been held attended by 80 candidates, of whom 31 passed and 49 fa.iled.
'168. The following table shows the progress made in instruction in drawing in Common Schools;-
. Average Number
·Year. o! Cost to Board. Cost to Parents. TotaL Scllolars taught.
£ $. d. .£ $. d. £ $. d.
1864 ... ... . .. 1,688 166 17 9 173 IS 6 340 13 3
1865 ... ... ... 1,920 341 IS II 3II .... I 653 0 0
1866 ... ... ... 1,859 376 I 3 348 8 8 724 9 II
1867 ... ... ... 2,725 477 I 10 456 5 5 933 7 3
1868 .•• ... ... 2,782 519 5 1 512 16 7 1,032 I 8
1869 ... ... ... 3,068 563 II 4 552 16 9 1,1I6 8 1
1870 .,. ... ... ' 3,37 1 626 15 II 620 0 7 ,1,246 16 6
.
169' This exhibits an increase of 6 sc~ools and 303 scholars over the number shown for 1869, the average number taught, .3,371, representing about 5,000 children under instruction during the year, who .were taught hy 16 instructors. The average cost to the Board per child instructed was 3S. 8d. per head, and to the parents 3s. 8kd.; or a total cost of 7S. 4id.
Circular 10 committees os 170. In September last we issued a circular to local committees, t', importance of tecll- d' , th' tte t' t th " ta f t I I . I' t t' ~'logic"1 in,trucllon. Irectmg' eir a n IOn 0 e growmg Imp or nce 0 ec lnO oglCa ms ruc IOn
as affecting the industrial progress of the country, and permitting instruction in Mensuration, Geometry, and Algebra to be given within the four consecutive hours; such sanction being conditional on our being satisfied that arrangements were made for teaching the subjects efficiently, and that at
Inspectors' remarks.
]-fr~ Elkington'.q 'views as to technological instruction.
least four hours' in~tr.uction in the ordinary subjects be still given. 17 1. Some of the Inspectors in their reports touch upon this
subject. Mr. Elkington thinks that special institutions might be established
in large towns :-It has long Ilppeared to me that the BOllrd of Education might, with great national
advantage, undertake in eaeh of the large towns the establishment of an institution wherein a
REPORT. xli
sound knowledge of the elementm'y pl'iJlcipl~s of science, ana some of their applications, could be imparted along with such literary sul:(jects as might appear desirable. The following subjects I would recommend especially for systematic study :-
J. Pure Mathematics. z. Natural Philosophy. 3. Practical Mechanics, especially aS,applied to mining. 4. Chemistry, Geology, ana Forestry. ,. History and Political Eeonomy.
Mr. Brodribb ,gives his views .as to the sublects to be included in Mr. Brodr!bb ,J recommends techno·
this instruction :_ logical !natmction.
The term technological instruction appears at present to imply the mere provision of a drawing class: I hope to see it considered much more, and interpreted as any special mechanical, artistic, or scientific training whatsoever. The great benefit conferred in England by the Science and Art Department can hardly be estimated; and it will be a matter for rejoicing when technology is fostered in this colony by a similar undertaking. It might !lOW germs in the mind of youth which hereafter would make the artist tasteful, and the mechanic ingenious; while it might lead the farmer to farm intelligently, and teach the miner to mine scientifically.
I am of opinion that such technology a.s might be made a branch of public instruction should include at least the following subjects :-
Chemistry,} . h 'al P • • d . It G I WIt speci re.erence to mlDmg an agncu ure.
eo ogy, Drawing, mensuration, and surveying. Mechanics (besides a knowledge of the use of commoT,l tools).
Whatever plan be adopted, should, for the sake of economy and effective management, be placed under the direction of the Board of Education, who alone have the necessary machinery to extend technical instruction easily and cheaply throughout the country.
Mr. To,pp, however, is of opinion that this instruction cannot be Mr. Topp =ott!teCO~' intl'Oduced into the Common School l)rogramme without iniury to the :~~~fog!ca'i1n~~c-
" tion into Oommon thoroughness of the teaching :- Schools.
During the year, the Board have issued a circular (dated 3rd Scptember) giving increased facilities for the study of algebra, 'geometry, and drawing; with the view, I presume, of enabling the children afterwards to profit by the technical and industrial instruction which has been commenced under the auspices of the Technological Commission. As the two former of these subject.s can only be taught to the elder children in the highest class, I do not anticipate that any· great effect will be produced by these rules; nor is it at all desirable that such a change should be produced. I should be sorry to see (as suggested by th~ Commission) any attempt made to introduce a smattering of mechanics, chemistry, and other sciences into our Common School curriculum. When it is considered that few of the children stay at school beyond the age of fourteen, it will be understood that little enough time is allowed for teaching them to read with fluency and intelligence any book which may be put into their hands, to express their thoughts perspicuously and with grammatical propriety, to write legibly and neatly, to be acquainted with every place of any importance in their own or other countries, to work out with accuracy and rapidity any arithmetical calculation which may be proposed. All this our Common School programme includes and successfully carries out; but were other subjects, such as I have· mentioned, to be introduced, the thoroughness which is the great characteristic of our present system would be sacrificed.
Our present Common Schools send forth their scholars with minds well trained, and prepared to prosecute with pleasure and success studies in those applications of science and art to manufactures and agriculture, whi~h are best taught, as at present in evening schools.
172. We shall not fail to give this subject our attention, with the view ThunbjeetehaJlreeelve of introducing any well-considered improvements, and shall be prepared to attention. co-operate in any way in our power with the Technological Commission.
'.
XV.-MUSIC.
173. Three examinations in Vocal Music were held by the Board of Enm!!lAt!ons!nmU8le. Examiners in this subject, during the year; 3 S candidates attended, of whom ~4 passed. '
174. Up to the end of 1870, IS examinations have beenheld,atwhichNnmberofpersoIlllwho d h I f
atteuded. 112 persons presente t emse ves, 0 whom 63 passed.
17 S· During the year, 31 instructors were employed in 152 schools, Number 01 !nstruetorB. teaching an average number of 10,35 S children, at an expense to the Board . hR F
cost of imtrllction.
xlii REPORT.
of £1,6131S. 7d.,'and to the parents Of£I,571 5s. 2d. (the cost to the Board 'bemg 38. I d. per head, and to' the parents 3S. aid.)" as ",ill b~ seen by th.e foll?wing ~ble, which also shows the progress made in instruction in this subject durlllg the past five years:- . .. ',. :-.: .~
. , ... r • ". . . . Year.
Average' Number " '-j .' ,- ", ,1" SchoolS. or Cost to Board, Cost to Parents. Total.
SchohlrB taUght. ' , " '., .. ; I
" . .f- Il. ,d. £ Il. d. .£ Il. d. 1 • " . 4,629 " 8' 1864 ... ... 77 427 8 3 '435 10 862 17 I
1865 ... ... II4 6,165 897 II 8 870 7 '9',,' '1,767 19, 5 ... 1866 ... '" ll5 6,696 1,051 7 a 1,036 I 9 2,087 8 9 1.867 ... . .. 128 " 8,207 " 1,328 f> 6 1',z08, 14 10' '2,537 I 4
, 1868 ... " ... 144 8,885 1,485 IS ;5. 1,471 , 18 . 5 ,,2,9,57 B I~. \
' i,86'9: ,-' .'
10,475 1,632 6 .
1;61 5 18 ... ... ,153 5 II 10 3,247 3 1870 ... ... 152 10,355 1,613 1 7 1,571 5 Z 3,184 6 9 ~
.... . .. . . . . , . '. . ~ . .' \ - }
Programme Oflnstructlon , ,176. As in the case of drawing,. wt? haye adopted .. a p'r9gr~nim.~' of to be Observed. . I instruction, divided into three classes, and we have given, directions t9 loca
committees, inspectors, and teachers, that it be strictly observed, pointing out ,,~th res~ect to tl,1e :th~oryr ~f:music, th:;tt any p~rson; eyen ·if ;unacquainted WIth lllUSIC, can observe whether the pupils are taught the subjects set forth in the programm~;, and with regard to f:!inging itself, whethe~ the pupils are made to read .n;ll'-Si~, froIlf notes, Qr whet4er they' are taught wholly or c.4i~f1.y to ~ingbyear ; 'and ,also whether'they are chissified according to the programme. . ",'./', ", .... ' ',' .:: ". , '\" I. ". ..., :
Nomberollessonsglven l77. Two lessons per week are lriven in each school, and we have lately por week. Duration 01 v
each lesson .... ,.. e}.~ended ea,ch lesson; bOt~l in singing and dm:wing,from th~~~.quarters of an 4~~ to on~. hoW, e:;cept III the slllaller ~chools" where we, have, all9wed .soJ?:l;e exceptions.' This additional time will give greater facilities for sub-dividing ~~ class~, when dee~~d f1e~~s~~y. 'I' !. ",:, "
"
XVI.-' DRlLL AND Gnm.ASTICS.
Classes continued. I78.Cla~~e~ for instruction· in drill and gymnastics have been· con, tinued during ,the:, year' at the National Gymnasium, under the direction 'of
Mr. G. Techow. Numberofteaehersand' ,179, The. following ,t~ble shows the number of.teacners, 'assistants, f~~~~~~:;-=~~~:s~ students in training, and pupil-teachers who have passed ,in, drill and
gymnastics, separately or combined; during the year i 870 :-
Examination open to aU candidates.
Board of Exo.minel'il.
Bonu8ea.
, I'
Classes, '
'. '. f • .f
\ Males-Combined Classes' - ',,;. Female,Class . " , .... Students in Training :
Males ...
NumberwbO Attended;
-'28 26
22
.I.
,.: 130 .. 4.1 , . IS
:., Females. .... ••.. ••• " "General ExaminatiQIr, Dece.inber 1870 .:.\' , .r.
",
Totals UI'
Pussed In- Drill '
1--'---'--'---,------1 an~~~~:~c. Drill only. Gyninnstlc. 01llY'.
-. n ... ~!~ 1 6 • •• ~" • t")
.. '. '5
II ... 7-'. :\! 13' ." ',; ,
37
180. Examinations in gymllll§tic~_~:t;ld drill have hitherto been confined to the students attending'the classes, under the Board, but are now ?P~D;. to 3;l1_candid~tes.~ .'" ~ . ,'. - ,', '''' ,.:1 ",- •
, 1 8 I .. In N ovemb¢r last ,we appomted, the Inspe~tor-Genera~, Captam Moule, of the 'Brighton Artillery, CaptaiuParnell,of the Melbourne Engineer C.orp~, ~n.d Mr:, 'l'echow" to form. a, ~oard:,~f ~x~min~;rs,!I?: these ,subjects. We" antiCIpate much good from the serVIces of the~e g~~tlem~n, all:d to Captains Monle and Parnell our best thanks are due for thell' servIce~.
..... l8i. Under ·oq.rrules (119a',' b,), teachers who hav:e qualified as gy:tl1nastic instructors, and' wllo have the necessariJ apparatusm' their
REPORT. xliii
schools, may rec'eive bonn.'ses not exceeding £10 to any·one schoot·During 1870 three schools claimed the maximum bonus. ' '.
183. Military drill is becoming more general in the s<;hools, and is :M::::Yg~~~:a.~eomlng f~)Und to be an important aid to discipline. We attach glieat Importance to this subject, and shall not fail to see if anything can be done to exte.nd it without irijury'to subjects which are, perhaps, more impor~nt~ This question is ~ttracting' great att~ntion in England a~ the present time, and it is significant to. notive, th,at .the first. piece of 'business transacted 'i?y : the London SchQol' Board, after. the' Board was fully constituted' and the preliminariesarrangeq, was to pass the following resolution, on the motion of Mr. Hepworth Dixon :-" 'r4at :it is highly advisable that means shall be provided, f6f:;,physica,l training,' exercise, and I 'drill, in public, elementary schools e:stablished under the authority of this iBoard.",
( -,I ~k-. I •. , ! i i' ". ..0,"
.. ~ ~ '. I ~. j • ::.
",' '
~""" : 'X:VII~-BOOKS'AND SCHOOL :REQUISITES.' . .:' '< 'I I : ., •. ';,1' , ,~-. " 1 r' "
184. Duririg'::the'y' eir18'7'~0 th~;sum of £4661 i~s: 8d~w~~:receivedAmountreceIVedfOr .. _. . ' . , ; ." b()oks, &c.., supplied. for books and :~ppa:t;~tus, supplIed by the Board, to Common Schools at reduc~d! rates; :tlte ayerage amount of each requisition was!: I 128. 7d~,and the total number .of ~pplications(.f:, 86 1.: " '. . : " . , ., ... : + 85", The: follo'Yil:!g ,tFi'i?!e ,shows the ~mourit received in each year T~~~';:~~~~~,,::~~~:! since tne Common Schools Act came into operation, thel,!urnb,er of applica- amount of each. tions, and ~he average amount ofeach:r~q-1!i;sition :-.:.. '. ' "",:,''': ,,:' I
•. 1 ,
1862.-2. 'month~ 1863..... ,. ' •••
" ',' 186<1- .. , , 186~f' ,
1866 1867 1868 J869 1870
.Total q"
.. ,
.........
I " . '
••• i
No, of Average Amount Appliea~ions.. of each Requisition,
2.3 2
1,2.'57' 1,72.2.
. 1,81 7 1,687 2,05 1
2.,809 2.,571 2;8151
£ s. d ... I 4 5' I 9.-6 1 6 10
I, 9 3 ' 1,·11 2.' 16 3 I 10 9 I 12. 2.
r:" I 12. 7
t .;
Amount I'!!Celved.
s.,d. :s;li(o 6 8
2.,314 3 2. :i;662. 0 S
... ·.2.,634, 12 5', 2.,692. 5 J 1
4,189 4 6 4,139 II 10 4,661 10 8
": . :"f?6,. 1'h<~·chqol.bookspll:blished under the"autHoHtj of the C6mmis- Books mOBtln dcmand In
~ioner8 of 'N atiorra1"Educatioif in 'Ireland are, 'as' 'hitherto.,' n)ore','iil deWiand in Common SchoolB. the . schools of ,this 'cofony than any other·series'.·Tne:fpuOlications·of 'Silllfv'an, . 'Gh';ig,' 'Morell, ~Cha:mbers; 'Laiirie~:~ Barnai-a Smith, Colenso. 'Corriwell,' ,Drr W'~J Snlith,1 Keith .T oliuston, 'Bonwick, Venables,' and others; 'however; )~ie' <'also "exiensivelyused -in ;Comilloh ~chools~ notwithstanding tlieir"compar:iti~elfh.igh prices, ",', .,·r ':' .' . . ',.' ,-
\ .... , .. " :,'rlh." '!',oj'i"'rdaps, '162:"'bl~c'k-boardsand 'uoilitioi{;frames, 'ana :i,941 M&p.,bIIlCk-bOllrdS,&e.,
~ast~iron: 'desk and' heilch · standards~ wel'e furni~hed' to" schbols at redub~d supplied. p~iccfs,' Up Y)' tile I:S:COC!~~er.,:: 'From that date' we determined t~:h;'this apparatus should1)e, ,sold ~~ the same way as school~ books, at cost l)l'lce,' not ~eeming ~,t reasona.ble~hat ~he COlu~try' ~~ou~d ' any longer pay any 'portion fof this expense ex'cept"that involvea in comm'op- ',y~th' the' scJiool-bo6ks~~in
,Jmepillg a store f<?F thejr, sale. 2 ~6 maps;'>~~ '. l)Jaclr~boardSlfhnd "ridtKdbn frames, and' 363 cast-irotrdesk and~hench 'stahaar'i:ls,:were sold 'between that period and the end of tIie year, .• ' . ',.. '.' '" " , ,I., 188. We coritimie' to import all books ",and11:sch'001 requisites l!ooka.tiUlmported thr~ugl~ Mr: GeorgeRopertso:r;t, ~~, prices ~ot'ex.ceeding ;tl~ose 'whic~ fhey 1i:'~o~r. ae0l'!l8
,have h~t:b.erto,' cos~ .. ~he BQar? whe:n obta1:u~?p:r~ct frorr the p~bl,lsl\.e~s. 'I;~~:a~yantage_ of th:~ present· arrangement IS that t4e books are del\yered at O1~i's.t9.re 'Y1,thol?-t·.any ;isk or ,trouble on the 'part of.'the office, ana 'that the ,cost)sonly pai~ on delivery, - ,,':' :' .. \. '" .:'., ":;. '". ' ... '. '. 189" '.w. e :p!~sent 'the following" ~aJalice:8heet; showing the receipts Balance-sheet, a:n!1 expenditure f()r,I'school-tooks from. the i'st Odiober' . .'j>f.f62'''to: the'i3:Ist December 1870," It 'will'be'seeh that tllis" depariinent('which is:'or'ihe
No. 33, F :1
.'.,
BookS suited for AustraUa.
xliv REPORT.
greatest use to schools, is carried on 11 without any expense except that of interest of money, and payment of the clerks employed.
BOOK DEPARTMENT.-BALANCE-SHEET, 31ST DECEMBER 1870'
186z. ;£ •• d. Sept. To S.tock transferred by the
late Boards :Denominational .. Z,148 13 9
.. 654 18 3
186z
1863 1 864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870
National
To Cash In the hands of bookselling firms to the credit of the Denominational Board 6z6 19 6 Less due H. P. Venables.. 4 16 z
To Cash in the hands of A. Thorn to the credit of thc National Board 808 6 II LeSB Dr. Balances for sun·
dries .. .. '9 13 9
To Balances owing by other firms .. 838 18 II Le.s Cr. Balances .. '59 15 10
To Payments on account of School-books added to stock by purchase, including all expenditure for, this depart-
Di~~nt exc::t Ba)a~e.s :: I,~ Ig ~ Ditto ., I •• •• 5,182. 14 10 Ditto .. .. .. 4,888 11 8 Ditto .. .. .. 1,468 u 5 Ditto . . . . . . z,9,6 16 8 Ditto .. .. .. 6,360 15 8 Ditto .. .. .. 4,lll 4 4 Ditto .. .. .. ' 4,997 17 II
To Profit on General Sale of Books, after paying freight and all charges.. ..
;£ s. d.
779 3 I
31,411 16 9
~~~~: I Denominational School Board ;z :5 dS ;£ s. d.
Nalional School Board .. 184 14 z I Ditto .. .. .. 45 I 7
186~ By Books sold out of stock .. z83 8 10 1863 Ditto .. .. .. 1,856 6 8 1864 Ditto .. .. .. z,314 3 Z 1865 Ditto.. .. z,66z 0 8 1866 Ditto .. .. .. z,614 u 5 1867 Ditto .. .. .. z,69z 5 II 1868 Ditto .. .. .. 4,189 4 6 !
1869 Ditto .. .. .. 4,1j9 II 10 1870 Ditto . . . . . . +,661 10 8
---- z6,185 ,6 I
~y Stock on hand.. .. By Books In the hands of 'A. Thorn, Dublin . . . . By Books in Board's Library
By reduction of net cost In the sale of maps, black-boards, notation frames, and castiron standards for desks and benches .. •• ..
By frce grants By Loss on Books withdrawn
from the list, resold for the Board by A. Thorn ..
7,575 4 9
90 17 7
115 IZ 8
3Z5 17 8
190" Mr. Alexander Thorn, the publisher of the Irish N atiohal School Books, addressed to us a communication last year offering to publikh a series of schocil,. boo~s specially ad!1pted, to Australia. We informed I him that Mr. ~. ~GIlchnst, one;of our IllSPeC,tors, who was on leave of absence, was well qualified to give him every information in the matter. , .
XVIII.-GENERAT" ·REMAHKS. Action taken by BrltiBh 19 L It is not unworthy of remark that the legislation' ~hich has
IegiBlature In the Ele- k 1 . E 1 d d h 'h' h' l'k 1 k £Ii . lId mentary Education ta ~en p ace III ng an ,an t at w IC IS 1 e y to ta ~e e ect III re an , Act, resembles that bl . h" 1 . I. h taken in this colony resem es' very much the action' taken III t IS co ony Ill' passIllg t e &~~~I!h1c~~mmonCommon ,Schools Act, and in 'adopting the regulations framed und~r it. The
. Recommendations of Royal Commission on Elementary Education in Ireland closely in accordance with rules
I in}or,ce here.
subject was alluded to by our late .Chairman in his address :- I . . . ." It; may not be inappropriate to' allude here to the fact that the
British: L~gislature, Jin. the Ele~entary Ed1).cation Act which repeived the Royal- assE;nt on .the ,9th August .. 1870, have:in the most essential respects closely followed the action taken in this colony under the Comm6n Schools Act: thus, the· existingdenominati~nal schools are utilised instea8. of being destroyed, and,' provided they' comply. with the necessary requitements in order to secure, equal ,privileges to children of all persuasions, aJd efficient se~ular instruction, they receive State:; Aid; . while the deficien4y,' if any, existing in any school district,is providedJor;by the establishment of public schools under~ school boards, .identical in every essential respedt with the vested schools under'this Board. ..... I
. " The' Royal. Co~ission onp~imary' edu~ation in ireland, composed of distinguished men, and including two of the ablest Inspectors of Schools in England, in the .e~haustive report which :they have lately pt1esented to Parliament, have. made. recommendations closely in accordance with the
.. ,... ... .' I rules in force here:. thus' they. rec~~end . that the prinCIple of payment of teachers in part by fixed, sal~ries ,according. to classification, and partly according to the results. of. ex~m.in.ation---;~h~t ii'l, 'pay~ent by I results ,should be introduced, on a plan almost identical with that in force here; that
0.," ;: •. 'l the grant made bv the State should ,bear·.a:·fixed proportion to the amollnt :': locally contributed; that instruC1:iou' :in e~tra: branches not common to all ~;the pupils should be given out·of·the:?rdi~ary school hours; and that; while
.'
REPORT. xlv
the use of the school and apparatus should be freely given for this purpose1
care should be taken not to interfere with the ordinary instruction." 192. We must not ~onclude this Report without expressing our Exehanges ~ ~portl
acknowledgments to the Commissioner of Education of the United States acknowle e
of America1"" and to the educational authorities of the principal cities and states of the United States and of Canada, for the readiness with which they have furnished us with their valuable reports and other documents, in exchange for our own. We also hope to obtain, through the Agent-General, copies of the reports issued by the principal European countries. And we must not omit to add that we are much indebted to Mr. Gilchrist, one of our
\ Inspectors, who, during his recent absence in E,urope and ,America on leave, successfully exerted himself to promote these exchanges.
193. We submit this as our R~port fO,r the year 1870 to your Ooncl11lllon.
Excellency, and in testimony thereof have caused our corporate seal to be hereunto affixed this twenty-second day of May 1871.
(L.S. ) BENJAMIN F. KANE, Secretary.
I * The following is an extract from a letter from this officer, dated 26th May 1870:-
"Department of the Interior, . Washington, D.C.
" It is gratifying to hear, fmm a portion of the world so remote, and recently so shrouded in darkness such light, such evidence of educational progress as is exhibited in your Report. I am not unmindful of th~ fact that you are some two weeks nearer to London via America than via the eastern routes, and shall not be disposed to deprive you of any benefits that you may desire to obtain from the educational progress made in these United States, and consequently shall be pleased to continue the exchange of educational documents already commenced.
lam,
(Signed)
=
Very respectfully, &c., JOHN EATON,
Commissioner of Education."
APPENDIOES.
.. No. 33.
KEY ·TO APPENDICE:S.
I.
Common Schools Act; General Regulations of the Board of Education, and Appendicea; with Rules for Rural and Half-time Schools •• :, '" ••• ••• ... ••• ." ... ... ... ••• 5
II. INSPECTION.
General Reports for the Year 1870 from ~he Inspector-General and Inspectors :(I.) Contents ofInspectors' Reports' (2.) Index to Inspectors' Reports_ (3.) R. Hale Budd, Esq., B.A., Cantab., Inspector-General (4.) Joseph Geary, Esq., Organizing Inspector, Western District (S.) G. Wilson Brown, Esq., B.A., Cantab., Organizing Inspector, Metropolitan NO.3 .. · (6.) Harry Augustus Sasse, Esq., B.A., Melbourne, First-Class Inspector, Metropolitan No. I
(7.) John Sircom, Esq., First-Class Inspector, Metropolitan No. 2.
(8.) John lfain, Esq., First-Class Inspector, Gcelong District . (g.) John Simeon Elkington, Esq., B.A., Melbourne, Second-Class Inspector, Castlemaine District
(10.) Thomas Bolam, Esq., Second-Class Inspector, Sandhurst District (u.) Thomas Brodribb, Esq., M.A., London, Second-Class Inspector, Eastern District ... (12.) Charles A. Topp, Esq., M.A., LL.B., Melbourne, Acting IIispector for the Ballarat District
III
Sets of Examination Papers used at General Examination of Teachers in July 1870 r~· •
;IV. FINANCE.
59
Abstract of the Receipts and Disbursements of the Board of Education from 1St January to 31St December 1870 63
V. STATISTICS.
(I.) Index to Statistical Retru.:ns; and to Rural and Half-Time Schools in operation during 1870 ... 65 (2.) Summary shoWing how Schools were Vested or Connected, during the year 1870, with the Number on the Rolls,
and the Number in Average. Attendance, the Local Contributions, and Government Grant, &c. 70
(3.) Return showing the Common Schools in operation during the year 1870, the County, District,or Municipality in which each School is situated, with the Number on the Rolls, and the Number in Average Attendance, tile Local Contributions, and the Government Grant, &c. ... 70
(4.) Return of Rural and Half-time Schools in operation during the year 1870 ... 102·
VI. APPLICATIONS FOR AID.
(I.) Index to List of Applications for Aid 103
(2.) Statement of Applications for Aid to New S~hools, Vested, Quasi-Vested, and Non-Vested, and for Repairs to Buildings, &c., received by the Board of Education for 1870 ••• ••• ... .•• ... ... lOG
(3.) Index to Schedule of Applications for Aid to Rural and Half·time Schools ... Il9 (4.) Schedule of Applications for.Aid to Rural and Half-time Schools, received and dealt with prior to 31St December
1870, and granted up to 28th Febrnary 1871... ... ... ... n. •.. ...'... 120
-
5
APPENDIX I.
COMMON SCHOOLS ACT;
AND
GENERAL REGULATIONS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION AND APPENDICES;
WITH RULES FOR RURAL AND HALF-TIME SCHOOLS.
COMMON SCHOOLS ACT.
No. CXLIX.-An Act for the better Maintenance and Establishment of Common Schools in Victoria. (18tk June 1862.J
WHERE!.B there are now existing in the Colony of Victoria 'two Boards for the regulation of public Preamble.
education And whereas it is expedient to provide for the better maintenance establishment and management of Common Schools under a uniform system Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's l\fost Excellent MaJesty by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Victoria in this present Parliament /1-ssembledandby 'the 'authority of the same as
follows-
I. From and after the commencement of this Act an Act of the Governor and Legislative Repeal of 1; Vic, No.7.
Council of this colony made 'and passed in the fifteenth year of the reign of Her present 1\fajesty intituled "An Act to incorporate the Board of Commisllioners for National ErlIucation'" shall be and the same is hereby repealed Provided always that all the real and personal estate and property whatsoever n.ow vested in the Board constituted by that Act for the purposes of such Act shall vest in the Board hereinafter created.
II. From and after 'the commencement of this Act all powers vested in a certain Board appointed Denominationul School
by His Excellency the Govetnor of New South Wales in the year' of our Lord One thousand eight Board dissolved.
hundred and forty.eight for the tempotal regulation and inspection of the respective Denominational Schools of the colony within the district of Port Phillip and known as the Denominational School Board shall cease and determine and the said Board shall be and the same is hereby dissolved.
III. All lands and school buildings which immediately before the commencement of this Act All lnnds &c. held for • educational pnrposes to
shall be held by trustees under grant from the Crown and used for educatIonal purposes under the continue vested In (rus-
temporal regulation and inspection of the said Denominational School Board shall subject to the trusts tees.
on which the same were granted and to the proviso hereinafter contained remain vested in the said trustees after the dissolution of the said Board Provided always that a majority of the trustees of any such school may with the consent 'of the religious denomination with which the school is connected to be given in writing through the head or authorized representative of that denomination and with the eon. sent of the Governor in Council either transfer the school and land held by the trustees to the Board hereinafter created or sell such lands or buildings and apply the proceeds to educational purposes of the same character connected with such denomination.
IV. All personal property whatever belonging to the Denominational School Board shall Personal property of De
immediately on the dissolution of the B!tid Doard be transferred to and vested in the Board hereinafter ~~~~~o~:~r&n!;:';'e~ orea~ed. to Board of Edl1ution.
,v. The Governor in Council shall appoint five laymen as Commissioners who shall be a body Board incorpomtc<1.
politic and oorporate by the style and title of "'l'he Board of Eduoation" and by that style and title Gonmor to fill vllcancies. .' May remove member',
shall have perpetual succeSSIon be able and oapable to sue and be sued in all courts of law and equity
6
shall have and ~e as occasion may require a common seal shall and may accept purchase and hold to them and their successors as members of the said corporation to and for the uses thereof real and personal estate and property of evcry kind and the Governor in Council shall illl up any vacancy in such Board of Education as shall occur by the death or resignation or disqualification of any of the members and shall have power to remove :t~y _mem~e! or IJ1eII\bers of su~h,B<?a.rd and to appoint a~ot~er or others
Quorum of Board. in his' or their stead Provided that no person so appointed shall continue to, act as a member. of the :No two member!! to b~ of said Board for a longer period than five years unless reappointed by the Governor in Council Provided
the same denomination. '.. . also that any member of the Board absenting 'himself from more"than four consecutive duly convened
Duties of Bonrd.
.Boord to frame regulatkms and apportion moneys. ,
Governor in Conncil to .. ppoin. Inspector_ General.
meetings of the Board without the leave of the Board shall ipso facto be disqualified from acting as a member thereof Provided also ~h~t\~l1re~, C?f..th~,.,s~d COJI).!Ili!;s~oner8 shall form a quorum at any meeting of the said Board Provided always that no two members of such Board shall belong to one and tile same religious denomination.
it 11;1· ,.Th~ ~]lties of) t~~ BO!ll:d pf(E.ducatiq~ shalH,e- ~::: ~." .' ,> 'r r I, '.' T', n 'i' ~r . T t, ',-,' ,.' ;'c' ' ...
1. To frame general regulati?ns lor"the distribu~ion of all moneys granted by the Legislature and subject to the provisioJ;ls of this Act to determine as they shall see fit upon
, t~~, },p(l.aJmes .jtl, 'Y,h,ich, "s9hqol~_ r!lq~ivipg .IJ-id, fro~ A4e ,co;n~oli!iated.\ ;rev,enue shall be . established or ri:taintain~d. . .
,2. To frame general regulation~ for the inspection of schools and tli1, examination and classification of teachers to detcrmine upon the course of secular instruction to be adopted in the scho~ls to fix and from time to time to alter as the Board may think fit the fees to b~,9h,ru:ged:t9 p'~r<;ntspf, (lhildreI\,atteniling ~he\$c1;l001s ~nd generally to do everything that may be necessary for carrying into effect this Act ac{)ording to the true intent thereof.
3. To recommend to the Governor in Council for appointment' or removal of such officers as shaH. be ·deemed ·requisite·for the proper' carryh:tg cmt' of the regulati6nsframen 'by' them .
• ~p_ "'" ~~,:t,?"s,~I:l"J4~t th::;Iqf?:n,~:r.~~al'p?r~~~Il:NVf0If.l. t~(;l,lrra,nt .m!1>~1.(~0~~th'il,cQ~01i~;;t,te4.revenue;·· ~,.,., ':;"I~.~ .. ;,. ,}grP~;"Ill,lfR9~e~qf,pHJ::!i.q~e9N-.c,at,i8n P,~i~pp{ie.d.t9 ,$~'gQj~cts~fo:r w4~<?h t~eY:tVl;ere granted."
".:' . ;yI.I~. tll! ,G:o::~r.!!~r)Jt. q.?u.Il~il *aJf~ ~J>:e?~Rt a;~f pe~~?n t~!.~e}:p.~p~ctl)r,{tQnera;t!0_f.S.c4pols whose, d~jy iLs~~! .. h~ .. t~ ,£~IJy', !n~p( .elf~ft I ,~h,e ,n~1~~ ,~~ ; <i}rec,tions ~ OPA~'. fla~4. ;Board.:~n9 '~fe Q:overnor ,~n'. Council' may from tim~ to time remove such person from that office and 80 often as such person shall ciie , resign or be removed shall appoint another fit person in his stead.
llegulations if approved . ,YJI~. All general regu.htti.ons.\V~ic)I.,sl}allpe. fr~med ,by the. Bp~td" qf..Ed:Ullatign ,spall be, laid-, by GOVQl'nol' in Council . l~_~.~, ... ",)~ .\.~~.t ":"''r''' :" .~I' , ... ~.,.r, '"I",,", ~ "'j",: I .. ' f~.} ,,1,1 ~ ""~'. !," .. I.' l.'
to be pltbli'.bed and laid b~~?;e.~p~j Q-PJ~.rn?t~~. 9?uI!-~II,"ap.d}~,~pp,~~:v£c1,.py,.:~1~1 s)t.an~!l'H~Q~1~he~4 .. In,,.~l:te .(}().v,~rn:'l1I,ent Gazette.; before ParlIament. after ~~~h,the}jh~~l ~,av~,.~e~ fo~~e :?tla1Y:a~\1, s,~~g ,~e. ~~i4lb~~9:r~. foth H01,l8(Js,pf "~liaIqent,within ,
o~,~ ~?::tfLij I;'~:li~~~.nt, ,be"t~~n ~,~~t~~9 !l,lldl ~!,??~rMam~~,t'~~'f~o~,~~~ll, sittillg, ,thell ,'1i,thin"olle"monthv .
after the commencement of tlie next ensuing session thereof. ' .
Selwol receiving aid must, IX. 1";"0 school ;unless fot: t)~e dea(~ng ,duIl)-b ltnd,blind. span, r.elleive ,ai4 ,froJI). .. J;l;i(;l, eonsolidated have at least twenty ,'- ........ r .... h",d ... { ..... t_:\,/ .. ~ .. fI,~.\.:<~'·_r: l\·.,.',1 ,,~'\·.·i •• ·• " ."r" "
pupils. " "revenue unleSS tliere, shall ,have been' during the preceding six months in ,such.rschool an, average .,daily.r _., .... t • .J""H "",J_ '._ 1 •• "" ... """".,, _" I" '.' #,:..1 t·.'..-..... ,'! t --, ., .). I~':: ·,;\tu ;:.' ... ';":", ·,·f,;~ ... ':1 I' '~ -., _-a •• -
Establlshment of new schools regulated.
attendailc~ 'of not less than twenty pupils. , _" .. ,' , ,
,x. 'No new school not,being an ~fant :scho,ol shall receive aid from' the. comiolidateq,.revenue ' ' which sha11)o established within tw~ 'miles' of!). school already receiving aid from the 'consolidated revenue unless there shall be such a number of pupils not being pupils of the first school whose'parents
,,' .... t _.!,l ... <~ •• "I' t ~.'I.'" . f \:"~ ~..,: ,~.t,~.· '.,,:t'.:"",;;"'. " " . "', (. , r' . '
,sliall un~ertake inwriti~g. th?lt.,they' 8h!>],1 atten~ t}le ,p~oPQsed s(lho;;»l i!l.!;1.with _tl+e, ,ay;e~!lge •. number of : { ,.... .. , ..... , ... ..,... " i', , .. ' "!~ , . vC q ''" , il. ,'. I ___ ~'. ..' .
1 pupils in a,ttendan!ll! for ,si::{C i;nontps. at the I'chool al~~~d y ,rflc,eh:iflg •.. p1!i, sh~lt.l.l!llount,_to" two, hundred, . ~"'... ~_""~""" -",,, ......... :,. :"4'~4' ~",~ ,"'f"~. 0".:1'. ,_~. ll;~' J·;J">!:,.t,I1I't'."·. "'( !".,.. .
wtl~~s~~~:;n~tural ob,~fut.~l~ ~~~,~i,~~~v;~~~,,?,ep1r.~F~~P.(;l.t,Vo~ ~ch901~)~hiBh,shal1 prevent the attendance, of tliepupils at such other. scpo,ol or unless~~e9fl t4<;"two 'l!!lh~ols. shall:be(Jo.r. boy.a, a,lon,e, auil.Jhec.other ,I
, Foul' hours~ secular in ..
strucr.ion daily.
~o religiOUS test •.
"" '.,." _","".1.. I. l'. f ••• · .' ,,', l "~ ,I • l,!tJ;, -; ;:: I., .,>:. '" _ ~ '. _ I: J
for girl~ alone Pr,ovided tha~ ~o :sch~ol shaJ.~ be. ;m~nfan.t, sCP'Q9J witlW;t.?the ,!lleaning yof..tl+i8"clause, ",~> ....... _j"",,",,,,,.,."f',l,_-.dJ.,~r'!"'·f·) ... a'~,.Ld"j:" If*;,' .... ::.".;.~,t, ,u' " •• ".' •
unless all the pupils be :under the;.ag~,of.eight years, ,,". ". . '. '." ... "'" '" '... . .' '. . '" •. ''Ii •
. ·X,L ·In every school receiving aid from the- ~onsolid!l,ted revenue .fQur hours shall 1'e set apart during each school day for' see~a~ instructIon ~lone and o(suQh' fo~ hpurs' ~wo' sh~ll be before noon two, after noon and shall in each case be consecutive. ,,,.,. , . '.',,' . ' .
~, . XII. No applicant shall be refused admission· to 'any 85Jhool r\lceiving aid from' the COflsolidated revenue' on account of the:religious per~~asjo~ ors~ch 'api;'lic~t:' " .,'. -' " , .. '
, J)estitllte~hildrenentitled XIII. Children whose parents or guardians are in destitute circumstances and ,unable to pay
to gratUItous educatlou. the ordin ary school fees shall' b~ entitled to' ii.dlli~ssjori into any. Com~on School receiving aid from the
. ..... consolidated :reven'ue und~r such r~gulati~ns' aild on .s~ch conditions"~s the Board may think fit .. . .. "... ~ '"
7
, XIV. No school shall receive aid from the consolidated revenue unless it be under the manage- :Appointment of teachers.
ment of a local committee of not less than five persons who shall be approved of by the Board of Education and whose names shall be published in the Government Gazette and also in some local newspaper if any Provided that no teacher shall be appointed to or dismiss'ed from such school whose qualifications sha.ll not be approved of or dismissal sanctioned by the Board of Education.
XV. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act all teachers who have Ol=:;~on of present
been classified under either of the Boards hitherto in existence and known as the National and Denomina-tional School Boards shall be entitled without examination to a classification equal to that enjoyed by them under either of the aforesaid Boards.
XVI. Notice of all applications for aid to new schools shall be published in the Government Aid to new scbools.
Gazette for one month previous to such aid being granted.
XVII. No grant from the consolidated revenue shall be made in aid of buildings or repairing Aid to buUdlngs.
sch~ol premises unless the site of such premises shall have been vested for" educational purposes in the Board of Education.
XVIII. It shall be lawful for the Board of Education from time to time to appoint and remove Board may appoint local . committees.
local cOlllplittees and to establish schools in such localities as the Board shall deem fit subject to the provisions of this Act Provided tbat no local committee shall be removed without the consent of the Governor in Council Provided also that where a local committee shall have been appointed for any school previously to the commencement of this Act the same committee shall until removed in manner aforesaid continue and be the committee of the said school under this Act Provided further that one month's notice shall be given in the Government Gazette of the intention of the Board to appoint or to remove any local committee.
XIX. It shall be lawful for the :Board of Education to sell or otherwise dispose of all school Bonrd may dispose of school property vested.
property which shall be or become vested in them and to re-invest the proceeds of such sale or disposal in them.
in the purchase of land or in the erection of buildings for educational purposes under the provisions of this Act.
XX. After the thirty-first day of December One thousand eight hundred and sixty.two no school Number ;f pupil. neCeB-• • Bary to cntitle schools
whosc average attendance shall for a perIOd of six months be below forty pupIls and after the thirty-first to receive aid nfter ~I.t
day of December One thousand eight hundred and sixty.two no school within a municipal district whose December 186~. average attendance shall for a period of six months behelow sixty pupils shall receive aid from the consolidated revenue unless it shall be at a distance'of not less than two miles from the nearest school receiving aid from the consolidated revenue or unless some natural obstacle shall.intervene between the two schools which shall prevent the attendance of the pupils at such other school or unless one of the two schools shall 'Qe for boys alone and the other for girls alone or unless one of the two schools shall be an infant school within the definition of infant schools hereinbefore contained.
J.."XI. The :Board shall in the month of January,in each and every year lay before the GoverEor Annual Report to be laid . C il f h d' . f th hid h . . . d I f before Governor in m oun(j a report 0 t e con ItlOn 0 e sc 00 S un er t ell' superVISIon an a genera statement 0 Council and Parliament.
accounts and copies of such reports and statements and account!! shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament within one month if Parliament be then sitting and if Parliament be not then sitting then within one month after the commencement of the I;lext ensuing session thereof.
XXII. This Act sJ:tall commence and take effect from and after the first day of September One Commencement of Act.
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
"",
9
GENERAL REGULATIONS OF'THE BOARD OF
EDUOATION.
SUMMARY OF' CONTENTS.
I . ...,..DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC MONEY. TRAINING.
COlnlITIONS OF AID.
Local committee of five members Four hours of secular instruction' •.. Quali fica tion of teachers Sufficient number of scholars and other requirements Conditions to be complied with ;-
(a.) Always open to inspection ... ... \ (6.) Records to be kept and returns made (c,) Building, furniture, &c., necessary ... (d.) Subject to general regulations ...
Proportion of fees and contributions required Aid by way of buildilJg, &c., only granted to vested
schools, and on approved plans and specifications Board to judge as to establishing or ,maintaining
schools ,
AI,LOW ANCEl! TO SCHOOLS.
I.-Sala.ries and Augm&ntations.
Rates of salaries ... Augmentations... .. . Scale of ' augmentations .. . Salaries of assistants ... I .. A verages required for assistants and pupil-teachers Pupil-teachers to be employed '" Workmistresses ... Averages below 25 ... Applications for increased staff's .•• ••. ... When female assistant may be paid as head teacher When female assistant may be paid as head teacher
of infant class ... A ugmentation in such cases Mixed schools with one assistant Female assistants to teach needlework Mixed schools with two or more assistants Separate class- room for infants Attendance of teachers to be rccorded
2.-Payment by Results.
Result payments .. , Proportion to salaries ... Maximum increment
" ...
Maximum increment where there are two or more departments, or an infant department
Scholars liable to examination ... Calling the roll ... Children under three years of age Scholars helow seven Other scholars Average age Sum to which school is entitled; monthly payments Change of allotment ... ... ... .., ... Results to be calculated by inspector .. . Percentage of. allotment may be, raised or reduced ... Reduction or withdrawal of grant Committee may appeal ... Teachers, how disqualified
3.-Evening Schools.
Scholars eligible ... Maximum increment when Jess than :to Maximum increment when more than :to' Not to be twice presented for thc same class Other rules to apply
No. 33.
RULE
2
3 4
5
6
7
8
9 10 II
12 13
13A 14 IS 16 17
18 19 20 21 22
23 24
25 26 27,
28 29 30
31 32
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41
RULE
Establishment of institution 47 Lecture and class rooms 48 Practising schools 49 Withdrawal of license ... 50 Number and classes of students:-
(1.) Teachers employed } (2.)) PuOthpil-teachers... . 51
3. er persons ... Intern and extern students 52 Instruction free '" 53 Teachers and pupii-teachers in boarding-houses 54 Other persons in boarding-houses 55 Superintendent and assistants ... 56 Half-yearly examinations 57 Conditions under which pupil-teachers and teachers
may obtain classification 57a Provisional certificates, when issued ... 576 Permanent certificates, how to be obtained .•• 57c Teachers who have obtained first-class of either year
previous to 1St January 1870 may attend to obtain first and second classes S7d
Entrance examination not required by students already in training 58
Details of examinations... ' '" 59 Inspection of boarding-houses... 60 Declaration, &c., required 61
AID TO NEW SCHOOLS.
Provisions of sections 10, regulating aid to new schools 62 Vested and non-vested schools •.• 63 Terms of aid 64
I.-Schools vested in the Board-(a) Buildi1!gs.
Conditions of grant for building 65 Dimensions of building ... 66 Ornamentation not paid for 67 Plans, &c ... , 68 Private contributions 69 Instalments on works executed 70 Local committee to notify acceptance of grant 71
(h) Repairs. Conditions of grant for repairs Rulcs 66-71 to apply, with ex~eption •••
2.-SclwQIs not vested in the Board. Nature of aid Forms of application
Il.-INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS.
Districts Du ties of inspectors
IlL-EXAMINATION AND CLASSIFICATION , OF TEACHERS.
Appointments and dismissal ... Certificates of qualification Relative value of certificates ... Recognition of Home certificates issued since 1St
September 1862 Examinations when and where held Conditions of appointment Agreements required
H
72
73
74 75
78 79 80
10 llULE
Notification of dismissal... ••• .•• ... ••• 85 Teachers not to take pa,rt in elections ... ... 86 Terms of service to be completed before issue of 1St
division certificate ... ... 87 Conditions of honor examinations 88 Singing and drawing certificates 89
IV.-PUPIL-TEACIIERS. Conditions'for, registration of pupil-teachers Age, &c.... ... '" ~ ..... , :.: ... Commencement of salaries
r .... 9°' ~ ~
91 i
Classes, salaries ... 92
Local contributions Genera'! examination .. . Advancement on examination .. .
vm.-DRILL AND GYMNASTICS.
, Classes formed i ••
Certificates to be issued ..• Specified number required to form a class Bonuses granted on' specified condi~ons Amount of bonus, &c. '"
IX.-::-aHSCELLANEOpS.
LOCAL CO!lUllTTEES.
'Nominations received Appointments Hesidence of members
, Resignation and removal
! .
RmE
II7 lIS u9
rI9A.
II9B
Instruction Classes
•. ·93 94 95 96 97 98 99
, ~. Notice of intention to appoint or remove
120
[2[
[22
1::13 124 [25 [26
[27
Results Retention of services Causes for dismissal ... Vacancies in head-teachership ... Bonuses ; .. Agreements Supervision during instruction ...
I •• ~
:V.-COURSE OF i:mcuLAR INSTRUCTION.
100 10[
102 [03'
104 [05
C~urse' of insttuctiofr' .... I., i , 16'6 Instruction iu"programmC"Bubjcctsahd ill 'subjects'
beyorid programme ,. ... 1°7', Prograrilme subjects to b~ ~aught in classes common
to all ... ... ... ... ... "', ... 108
V~.:;-SqWOL ,F~ES. Rates of fees" ...... . .. '. ,[09'
Cash pn,yments in n,dvance... •••. .., :,d ... '[[0
'. '
, ~lNG;;G AND, DRAJVING ,AND OTIIER EXTR,A. aRANCiu:s.:
Payments for" ••.. Ii: i: Scale of:f?e~,t!l be apprQve~·bY,!he Board "";, IIi
VII.-DESTITITTE ·CIII'LDREN. • ... • ~. • .'. : .' r ~. 11, .1 _ .j.' •
Fees payn,ble; ce'rtificates required, ,"'. ':i, .. ; All eertifi~atedlor ,paying .children·to be.admitted Distance not to be considered" .. '" .,";;. r, .... . ... Menin,l services not to be required' .•• ,
, I
::[n; .. 1 [4' u5 u6
Fi vc Ulem bers necessary to eonsti tute a committee ••• Correspondent Duties of local committees
. ' i i ~CHOOL-HOUSES. ,. .
Inscriptions Use oCschool-houscs
ScnOOL BOOKS A.ND REQUISITES. • , ... 1. f. ~ "I .
Books, &c., supplied I;ists to 'bepu blished ' I, ... . ,' ... "., .
, HOLIDAYS ,IN, COMMON 'SCHOOLS.,
Holidays '''... ,',0'' ' 1 32 Half-holidays , ... ,", ,'" , 133 Holidays other than .publicholidays to be notifi,ed to)'
the inspector . ... ...., .•. ...',... "', 134 Excess ,Qf holidays, - ... ',' .• : . '135;'
t:'I/
Hours for secular instr~ction .• , ~o~ialdistinciions not recognised'" Address ofletters Appendices " , " , .' .,;.,'":J Alterafion of regulations , '''',. "", Commencement of regulations ...
, , .J.'
, .
.' ,136' 137 Ij8 139 140
14[
',\ : ~. • _ ,',1 1
APPEl-.i:lIC~S. f '
PAGE
ApPENDIX A:.:....Prograulli'le·of examination for'Pripilcteachers I ... , ': ,,' . . "". : •• " " .. ;, ", 21 (', "... B.-l'rogmm~ne~shoivhig' the,.Jn~t'ruction, tOI,be ~ven'.ih ea~~ cla6~' and' ~h.(., ~.u.bj~?t~'Jll- ':rhi~4.it win be
,., Bxannned by the Inspector,., """,. ; ... ,<,'" .. ,. , , : .:1.' P'"'' .,.',', " r' ,"1 'ii' ,," C:-Programme,of Examination for 'Certificates of .Corilpeteiicy, and' of 'Honors'" ":, :':.",' :',;;: , ''i3'
::, n" D,--Rules and Progrn.mrocs of :E)xamination' of'Teache'rs of 'M,nsic and Drawing ', .. "'; ~:. ':,,,':/.:" i ;.~. "24: J ,,'" £.-l'rogr.amme,of Subjcctg,ovrExamination',of T~achers in' Training L " .;;'. "' .. '... 24~
'\ "... g:_~o:t:c~fo~sc~~i~~~~~[~~~orp.~~~~.an~.~~s;titut~.Chil~r~~. ::: ,'J!" ~' .. ' .,' '" ~ ~~ "
H,-Apparatus, required in order to obtain bonuses ~or ipstruction in gymnasties 27
Rules for Hural an'd'Half-tirile' Schools
1,
\' ..
h j I,> ISC!\(
L.t",
• ;,': ,ii
, ,
f''"
... r '~.'
... "" . " ... ! "27
/;
11,
•• "tt •• ':',.
.... I, ;".r''''
. I .~'
~ . , .~ ,:. '
r I
, • . , •. ,' "' ~ 1. : \. ;', (, f ~~", '}"
" -
11
y ,,"
. . "
, I.-DISTRIBUTION, OF, P:U,BLIC MONEY.
No school shall receive aid from the Board of Education :-
,,',
.~. , '. i .
"
Conditions of aid.
. 1. U!ll~~~ it,~hall ?e under the ,managemell,t 'of 'a local committee of no~ le~s than, five L~:,~~~';.~itt~e of five
persons either appointed before the 1st September 1862,or,if ~t a su,bsequent perioil, who ,shall hav~ bee~approved ofoi ~ppoi'nt~d.by ~he.:Bo,ard.' ',. . "
'. ,,- ,2. U nle,ss it, slfall.be ~ept open ,on, ~ach .. school .day Fo;· atJeast fquI' .hours,tw~ ,of :vh~~h F~~~tr~~~~~. of secular III the forenoon, and two III the afternoon, shall be consecutlY,e and ,devoted, to secular IllStructl~:m ' alone . .,-(For course of secular ~nstructio"; ~eeRules 105, 106, and 107.)' , " 3. 'Unless the h~a4 teacher,.aJ?;d eve:y..~ssistan~ teac~er sh~l.have l:~ceived a c~rtific~te Qualifications of teachers.
of qIlalification from the, Board or .t~mporariY permission ,to ,act. : ,. " : ".', i ,
, ' 4.,' Unless it .beattended by a su£?ci~nt number, ~f,scholars"andsatisfy the other requir,e- S~~I~~~~;S, n::ber oth~; ments,ofthe Common Schools,Act. ' l.', ",' '." requiremeuts. -' ,"
5. Unless the following conditions be complied "with :_ Conditions to he compiled , with.
'(a.) That it shall at all times be open to inspection by the Board, or by any member AlwaYSOllentoinspectioll..
, tqerc?f,.or by ~py o,fi~s a'Q.th~d,zed ,9.fficers.., , (0.) That such ,records ,be. kept and such returns made as the, Board 'may ,deem Records to be kept and
. . 'fi d h . d b returns made. necessary, and that such records and returns be veri e , w en reqUire, ya , statutory declaration, made in accordance with any Act 'for the time being in force in the colony for regulating such deqlarations.
(c.) That in the .case of new, buildings, the school-room contain not less than eight Building, furnittuc, &0., square feet for each ch1ld in average attendance, and that the walls be not necessary,
less than ten feet in height to the eaves; that in all cases the school-room be sufficiently warmed, ventilated,' and drained; that there be proper and separate offices for both'sexes; that there be a play-ground attached, or other satisfactory provision made for physical exercise; ahd that the school be pl:operly provided with the amount of school furniture and apparatus-viz., desks, forms, black-boards" maps, books, &c.-necessary for the efficient. -conduct of such ·schhol. " ',: . , . , -
·'(d.) That it 'be subject to all general, regulations 'of 'the' Board, and t~" such Subject to general regula-
direction's ~B,- may be' neeessary for carrying them into effect: , " tions.
6. Upon the report of the Inspector that the above, regulations and conditions have been Proportion 0:1 fees and
I, d . h Chi '11 b l'fi d "'d b' - b contrlblliions required. "comp.lf) WIt, OmplO,n SC 00 S WI, e,qua I e to reCeIVe aI, ut not Ill, any ease, except y " ' special order 9f thlil Doard, to an' a\llount exceeding £2 for ·every £1 raised byJee,E! ~nd local contributions. In the interpretation of this rule the same shall not be held to affeet the pay-ment of fixed salaries and augmentations for Honors made under the rules of the Board. , . 7. No aid will be granted towards the building or repairing or furnishing of schools, unless Aid by wny of building,
the site sllaH have been vested for educational, purposes in the' B.oard, and the plans and specifi- ~eC~tedon~ehO~I~~n!;,~ ~~ cations approved by them. ' aPI,,?vea, plans and
speClficnbous . . , . " , , 8 .•. l'he.Bofi+d rC§)erVe to t[lCmselves the rigJlt' to ju(lge Qf the expeqiency of !5stablishing B.oard t,: judge as.to ~s
or maintaining schools subject to the provisions of the Common, Schools .:Act; and all gr:ants i~~l!~~~~s~r mamtalU
must depend upon the funds placed at the disposal of the Board.
ALLOWANCES TO SCHOOLS.
I.-Salaries and Augmentations. '
.:. ; J; 9.· Head teachers of s,chools:in connect.ion with the Board will receive fixed salaries of Rates of salarlCll.
£100 for males and £80 for females respectiv.ely, if cert.ifi'cated by the Board in the first Division of Competency; and of £75 for males and £60 for females respectively, if certificated in the second Division of Competency; and of £65 and £50 respectively, if acting under temporary permission only. Payment of these allowances will.be made to the teachers monthly.
.. C',' !9·. Head teachers,classified in the first mId second classes of honors, or equivalent, Aagmentations.
will be qualified to receive the following augmentations upon their fixed salaries ;-
First-class Honors Males £60, Females £4-0' Second-class Honors Males £30, Females £20.
Scale of augmentations.
Salaries of aslistants.
12
I I. These augmentations, however, will be paid upon the following scale:Where the average attendance is 4-0 and above, 10 per cent. Where the average attend~nce is 50 and above, 20 per cent. And so 011, increasing 10 per cent. for every tap scholars in average attendance.
12. Certificated' assistants, when employed, will not be paid at a higher rate than that provided for head teachers of the second division of competency under Rule 9; and if acting under temporary permission only, not higher than head teachers of the same class. .
Averages re~~~ed i,or 13. In 'addition to the head-teacher a pupil-teacher. will be allowed for every twenty-five :::h~::.t.s pupll- scholars in average attendrtllce over the first twenty-five, or an assistant teacher for every. fifty
Pupil-teachers to be em-ployed. .
W orkmlstresses.
scholars over the first twenty-five, provided that there shall be one assistant teacher for every hundred scholars in average attendance; but in schools employing one or more pupil-teachers, should the attendance increase to such an extent as to entitle the local committee to substitute an assistant for a pupil-teaeher, the. full number of pupil-teachers already employed may be retained until a vaeancy in the pupil-teachers' staff shall occur.
13A. In every school registered f~r pupil-teachers under Rule 90, and having an average attendance of 150 or over 150, there shall be at least one pupil-teacher for every 100 scholars in average attendance; and in every school having said average attendance and not so registered, the number of assistant-teachers shall not exceed that to which such school would be entitled if registered. The Board may, nowever, sanction a departure from this rule where pupil~teachers cannot be obtained. Where staffs are already allotted, assistants need not be displaced or discontinued, except as vacancies shall occur. '
14-. A workmistress will be allowed in mixed schools where the head teacher is not a female, when the average attendance exceeds 30, and when the pupil-teacher is not a fe_male, or is not competent to give instruction in needlework; and when the average attendance is from 75 to 100, the local committee may, with the approval of the Board of Education,. employ a second, pupil-teacher instead of an assistant, and retain the services of the workmistress, the salary of the workmisl,ress to be £20 a year when the average attendance is below 36, and £30
'a year when al;love that number; not less than one hour's instruction to be given in each.
Averages below 25.
school day. . 15. In schools where the' average attendance is below 25, the s~lary of the head teacher
shall not exceed that allotted to the second division of competency.
Applications for Increased 16. Applications, for increased staffs will be received at any time, and staffs will be stn.tl's. increased from the' commencement of the month succeeding that in which the application is
received, such increase being based upon the average attendance for the three months preceding the date of application, but no increase will be recognized unless the, sanction of the Board shall have been previously obtained.
When female assistant 17. In the case of mixed schools, where the number of girls shall average 40, one of the ~':~II~ paid as head female assistants may, at the discretion of the Board, be paid as a head teacher, without aug-
mentation on classification. .
When female aSsistant 18. In mixed schools where the attendall~e of infants shall average 40, and such infants r~!:he~eOf~:~';",~~~:d shall be taught in a separate apartment, so constructed that the noise created by their proper
management shall not interfere with the rest of'the school, and where, moreoyer, they shall be taught upon a proper infant system, oue of the female assistants may, at the discretion of t!le Board, be paid as a head teacher without augmentation; and none of the girls attending the infants' school shall be reckoned in estimating the attendance in the upper school, with a view"
Augmentat:on in caseS.
such
to the payment as head teacher of anyone of the assistants in such upper school. 19. The augmentation on classification of the head teacher of a school in the cases
referred to in the two preceding rules, shall be taken upon the average attendance of the whole school, including both upper and infants' departments.
JInxed school, with one 20. I~ mixed schools with one assistant, where the head teache:.; is a male, the assistant , assistant. must be a female, unless a large proportion of the scholars be males, in which case the Board
will sanction the,erilpioyment of"a male assistant, provided a work mistress be employed and paid by the committee, in which cMe sl~e must r~eeive not less than £30 a-year.
Female assi,tants to teach 2 I. All female assistants must be competent to give instruction in needlework, and ,no . needlework.
workmistress will be allowed when a female assistant is employed. . JInxed schOols with two
or more assistants. 22. In .mixed schools 'where two 0'1' more assistants are employed, one of them must in
every case be a female, .Separate class-room for 23. In all schools having an average attendance of 100, or more than .100, in which there
infants. is an infant class reaching the average attendance of 25" a separate room, properly fUl'Disheq, shall he set apart for the instruction of the infants, and the time-table shall be so arranged as to
_Attendance of teachers to be recorded.
"Result payments,
Proportion to salaries,
have the said infants constantly under the charge either of a teacher or of a pupil-teacher.
24. The attendance of every teacher, 'workmistress, and pupil-teacher, shall be recorded in the roll-book in the same manner as the attendance of the scholars.
z..-Payment by Results.
25. In addition to the above payments the following allowances for results will be made to schools.
26. To each school such proportion of a sum hereinafter called the maximumincremeut as may be gained by it under the conditions specified in Rules 32-35.
13
27. The maximum' ineremen~ shall be 40 per cent. of a salary assumed in the case of'Mt\X!mum Increment. each school, according to the allotment of teachers, as shown in the following table :-
For every School entmed to the allotment for an average attendance 01-
30 " 35
36 " 49 50 " 74 75 " 99
All schools above 99
The Salary assumed shall be-
That of a female of the 2nd division The mean between a female of :md division and a male of
2nd division That of a male of 2nd division That of a female of 1St division ... That of a male of the 1 st di vision ... The mean between the highest and lowest possible allotments
excluding salaries of workmistress and augmentations for honors
The mean as above
Infant schools not being departments of other sehools, two· thirds of the above.
Amount.
£ s. d. 60 0 0
67 10 0
75 0 0
80 0 0
roo 0 0
156 0 0
Mean in each case.
28. In'schools consisting of two o~ more departments, the maximum increment shaH be Maximum increment I h where there are two or
calcnlated on the school as a',unit; and in distributing the amount earned as resu ts, s ould more departments, or there be au infant department, such infant department shall receive one-third (t) less than it all infant depal'tment. would be entitled to as a boys' or girls' department.
29. Every scholar who has attended during any part of the five weeks preceding the Schol!"", liable to exami
Inspector's visit shall be liable to examination, and if presented by the teacher shall be examined natIOn. in the class with which he is taught, and on the' roll of which his name and correct ,age have been entered.
30. Attendance morning or afternoon cannot be reckoned for any schol!)r who is not Calling the roll. present at the calling of the 1;011: the time of calling the roll to be inserted in the time-table. The attendances must be marked on the roll in ink, and in every school a ruled slate must be provided, on which the names of scholars who leave after the roll is called and before the school is closed mnst be entered.
31. Children under three years of age may attend schools, but no payment will be Cbildrcnunder 1 years of
made on their account except in infant schools, uor will they,be included in reckoning the age.
average attendance. , 32. Every scholar below seven (7) years of age presented in Class I. shall receive three SchOlars below 7.
(3) marks, subject to reduction or forfeiture should the class fail to satisfy the requirements of the examination specified on the programme. ,
33. Every other scholar presented shall receive one (I) mark for each snbject in which Otherscho)ars. he has passed the examination specified in the programme, and an additional mark shall be given ~ for arithmetic, in all Classcs above the second. .
34. One-twelfth (r - I 2) of the marks gained by any Class shall be deducted for each month Average age, by which the average age of the scholars (liable to examination) composing 'it exceeds the age specified in the programme.
35. The sum to which each school shall be entitled as payment for results shall bear the Sum.!? Which school is same ratio to the maximum increment as the'total nUlpber of marks actually gained bears to the 6utlMd.
number which might have been obtained if all the children liable to examination had gained their full number, and one-twelfth (I. I 2) of this sum shall be paid monthly, commencing at the first Monthly payments. day of the month following the day of examination. , '
36. If at any time the attendance necessitate a change in the allotment of teachers, the Change of allotment. monthly allowance for results shall, from the date of such change, be calculated upon the maximum increment corresponding to the new allotment.
37. The amount gained under results is to be calculated by the Inspector in the school, ReSlllts to be calculated and a record left by him in the Inspector's Register, and any appeal against the Inspector's by Inspector. examination must. be forwarded to the Board within one week, or the same will not be entertained.
38. It shall be lawfnl for the Board at the commencement of any year, subject to thePercentag~ of nllotment approval of the Governor in Council, to raise or reduce the percentage of the allotment which If:!ed~e raised or re,'
is to form the maximum increment, or to modify the average age of the classes shown in the programme, as the interests of education may require, or the amount voted by Parliament for payment under results may render necessary.
39. ,After one month's notice the grant may be reduced or withdrawn upon the Inspector's Reduction or wIthdrawal report for faults of organization, instruction, or discipline on the part of the teacher, or for of grant. neglect in keeping the records of the school, or-for failure on the part of the local committee to remedy any such defect in the school premises' as seriously interferes with the efficiency ?f the ~chool, or to provide proper furniture, books, maps, or other apparatus of el~mentary InstructIOn. '
40. Any local committee objecting to the Inspector's report upon the building, organization, Committee may appeal.
instruction, or discipline, may appeal to the Board of Education, and every such appeal must be ' jllade within twenty-one days from the receipt, by the local committee of notice of such report, and must state fully the grounds of appeal.
41. No grant will be made in respect of any teacher or teachers who shall at any time Teaehersltowdisqualified. knowingly and wilfully present for examination or make any claims on behalf of any'scholar who shull be by these rules disqualified from such presentation or claim, or who shall make a false ' entry respecting any child liable to examination, knowing the same to be false, or not knowing the same through gross neglige,nce, aud such disability shall continue for a period not exceeding five years from the date of. the dis~overy of such false entry.
Scholars eligible.
14
3.-Evcming SChools. 42. No scholar shall be entered on the rolls of an Evening school whose age is below
.. twelve years, or w ho-shall.-be.in-attendancc at, -or.employedas-a-teachel' or· pupil-teacher.in, any ordinary Common schooL . .
Maximum increment 43~ The maximum increment for an Evening school having an average -attendance below when less than 2.0 ;
.tw.enty shalL be le~s than. that allowed_for an ordinary schooLof from twenty to tvo:entyAour, and in the same ratio as the average attendance of said Evening school is less than twenty. .
. '4+ The maximum increment for Evening. schools having an average attendallce- above twenty shall be the same as would follow thc allotment in ordinary schools having the same
When more than 2.0.
average attendance., .,. . Not to be twice presented .45. Rules 32 and 34 shall not apply to Rvening schools, but nO scholar may be twice
for same class. d I' ••• 'h I d 1 I 'fi . , . presente lor exammatIOn m t e same c ass, all tIe c assl catIOn of. each scholar, at .hls first examination must be appr?ved by the Inspector.
Other rules to apply. 46. The other regulations relative to payment of results in:ordinary,Qommon schools shall apply to Evening schools. -': I . '
TRAINING.
Establishment of institu- 47. A Training Institution will be established in connection with the Board, in which tion. provision will be made ,for training teachers.. . '. ,
:', ~eCtur~ and classrooms.' (, . ,-.' 48. Lecture' -rooms and" class· 'roon1s ;will be. provided' at 'the 'Central'~school~; cin which .' ,'" ._.. ·instruction will be imparte~ ,to students in training as 'hereinafter provided.-: . . : .. " .. Practising schools. ' _ 49. The Central schools and such other school~ in <?r nea:r.M~lbourne ,as the Bm11:4 may
license. will be ~mploye? as m,odel.and pract\si~g ,schools, in which - teac~ers' in' .~rainingshall , ;.r; '. attend,and take. sue~ part in"the'}nskuctioIi oHM classes as the S,upetintenden:tdf'the Training
Institution shall direct. . .' .' . ..... .' . Withdrawal of license. (. i .: r~' 50. ',l'he B6ard:shall'have·power:to.witlidi·aw~shch license at a·ny.tinit3'slibMd'such schoois
, not be conducted according to their requirements. .... \"" ,;,' Number and .:~lasses'Joi': ,,; .. 51. The nuniber ·<?f. s~uden~s. to ebe admf,tted ewill be -fixed: bY. t~e· Boar4:.fJ;om ,time to time,
students. and will be selected:from·the followin&·classes bf candidates :~(" ~;',,' .... !.
(I.) Teachers employed.
. (2.), Pupil-teachers.
fl.) Other. persons.' ,
\..)' .
.. • 0 ,
(1.) Teachers employed ·in Common· schools who are recommended by,the Inspectors , for, 'a. course of :traiiiing imd'wlIO shall 'pass· the entrance examination in
Appendix E. ' (?-.) Pupil-te~chers who;having completed their course, have passed for the' highest
, .class, of pupil-teachers, and have· attained the ,age of eighteen ,years for: males and seventeen years for females. ' '" .• , .. -,' ..
(3.) Other. pers'Olis, ·not under the age oLeighteen years. ·for males· and' seventeen years for females, who shall, forward to the' Board a' certificate' Of moral character as in Rule 82, and a certificate of sound health, signed by-a licensed
, . medicaltn'iictitioriei','andwho sha,ll'pass the en:tranc'e exiullination' in Appendix > E before an officer' appointed'by the Board., : ..
Jntern and extern stu- 52. The teachers in training will consist of intern arid extern, students '; the former will dents. . '. "." reside in boarding-houses 'Iicense~ 'by 'the Bodrd, and the latter at'their ownho'mes; or w~t!l th~ir
.. relatives in houses _approved· by the :Boai'a:" ., 53. The instruction given in the training institution shall'ge free both '.~o inter~ and
. extern students." '. I ' ( .r ," .. ;;, .,. InF-tructioll free.
Teachers and' p~pil- . .'. 54· ~n the case of· tea:chei:-sUiid' :tiupil-teachers;' as'.specified' in' Rtil~: 5:1: wpo -I:esidein ~"o"ll~~~:' in boardmg- licensed boarding-houses, the Board:will co'~tribute a' sum not exceeding '£40 a year ·fo( the
maintenance of. each inale studerit in ttaining~. an~ not exceeding' £3 5 for each- female, which payments shall be supplemented by a further·payment from each student at 'a rate not-exceediiig £15 per.annum-the exact amount to· be ·fixed from time to time by the Board .. No':payment
. for maintenanceiwlll in' any CilEle',b.e·fuade f6r:a 10ilge-r'pedod,tlian.two"y~~rs.~:~·'! ,'., j:' '-.":' :
Other persons in boarding- 5.5. In the case of other p~rs~ns admitted tcdrainii~g who: ~;eside . iii 'li'c'e~~ed boarding-houses. :1" ' Ihbuses; the Boai'd'will contrib'ute 'at a' rate' not exceeding £25 pei" annum for eac4; and,each such
.' r' -.... student shalicontl:ibute a furth'er'su'ni:no'~'_exceedirig £30' per "a,imum:in' 'the' case of' a male, and .. in the case of a female 'not exceeding £25 per- annum. '. '.. .'
Superintendent and as- 56. The Board will appoint and pa.y a superintendent, who shall have charge 'of' the ~istants" , .. ' v . ,instruction and training of thel'stud~ntE; 'aiid als6such.ass}staIit tefl:cb'ers to!~ct ,i.plder' his direc
tion as they may deem necessary. Hall-yenrlyexamlnations. '57. Half-yearly examinations will· be .held of· all· students in· train~ng, and 'any'student
who. is" found not :to. ~have made' sufficie'nt 'progi~ess' will be: li~ble to be dismissed from fur;ther
Conditions under pupil-teachers teachers may classification.
attendance, and will forfeit all claim to aid. . .'. . ..-.' which.. , .-57a. Pupil-teachers ivhohave completed th~ir,course, and teachers in Common schools Ob:~~ who are,recommended by, the, -Inspectors, and who sl~all have beep' employed for the two years
previous to their' admission in· daily teaching in' Common schools, will be, permitted ,to _ obtain .classification in the third class. after. thcy have· been in attendance six months, and in the second ,p,nd first Classes after, they have been· in attendance one year ,an~ one year and si~ month.s respectively. . . ' '" ,.-.:
Provisional certificates:· '. '57b. Trained teacl~ers w~o hav:epeeli cl~!,sified, ,yill receive' a"'pr9visional ce~tificate, when issued. :setting forth. their classification, such ce~tifiC!ite: to· continlH3'i'n f~rce for two years only.· ,
Permanent certificates: 57c. Trained teachei's who'shanhliive'served itidhe head teacliers ofscho'ols for a period how to be obt.ined. of not less than two years, and who shall have been during the whole' of that period so reported
upon by the Inspectors as t.o satisfy the Board, will·be entitled to·a permanent. certificate; but if at the imd of-these two' years ~hey' are:not 'deenied wbr'thy to,re<;ei ve such permanent certificate, all
,bE'llefit arising. from" their having. been classifie~ as trained, te~chers, '01' from .. the' provisional certifieatfl prflviouslj obtaineu, shall cease. ,,' " '
'l'ea~hers wbo bave ob·,. . 57d. Teachers who, previous to th~ IS~ January 1870; shall have obtaineda first-class tamer! a first-class of of either year in training shall be".entitled ·to· attend at any half-yearly examination for the
15
purpose of passing for the first and second classes of trained teachers, provided that no trained teachers shall obtain a classification in the ·second class u.nle.ss they sh",U have spent eighteen months, nor'in the first class unlcss they shall have spent two years in a Trail,ling Institution. Trained teachers holding first-class Classification, who have not completed ·the. residence in training required to obtain a first or second class, can,' when convenient. to the Board, enter the
either year previous to 1St January 1810, may attend to obtain first and second c1ass~s.
institution for the purpose of completing it. 58. Students.at present in traininlJ' will not be required to underO'o any' examination on Entranceexo.minatlonnot
. . " 0 required by studonta entrance. aiready in training.
59. The detail s of the examinations wtll be found in Appendix E. Delails of examlMtlons. 60. The boarding-houses in connection with the Training Institution shall be subject to Inspection of boardlng
such inspection as the Boanl may direct, 'and in the event of any of the'requirements of the houses.
Board, in connection with the moral discipline, board, lodging, instruction, 'and general comfort Qf the studeuts not being complied with, it shall be competent for the Board to withdraw the license on giving one month:s notice.
61, Every person entering thQ Training Institution shall be required to sign 1'1: declaration Declaration,&c.,requlred. binding him. to attend regularly' through· the course' of, training until he' shall have 'obtained the . !
lowest classification, or ~hall have received permission from ·the Board to ;discontinue attending-such course, or shall have -received' notice' of thewithdrawal"of ·the'allowhnce for maintenance, and also binding him, should he successflllly complete the requii-ed' course, to'teiichin:Common schools for a period of not less than two years, and to accept any appointment which llJay be offered to him with the approval. of the Board:; and further biniling' hitn~ in' the event of his. failing to comply with any of the. above conditions, if an intern stu<ient,to refund to the Board any,moneys which may have been paid on account of his maintena~ce, and ~f an extern student, to pay at the rate of £ 1 Z (twel ve pounds )per. annum for such time as he shall have been in training. In either case, whether of an intern or extern student, the Board may require a further guarantee for the payment of such moneys. .
AID TO NE1V SC)HOOLS. 6z·. Attention is directed to section 10 of the' Comnwn Schools' Act as follows :~ Provisions of section 10,
"N . , . hI: b" . f' h' I h'll .' ·d·P. .' h' I'd d' regulating aid to n ..... • . '. 0 new,. se 00 not e.mg an ~n ant sc 00 s a reCClve al ~rom,t e consq I ate revenue school ••
"which shall be established within two miles of a school already receiving aid from the con-" solidated revenue, unless there shall he such a number of pupils not being pupils of the first "school whose parents:shall undertake in writing that th~y shall attmld the proposed school, as "with the average number of pupils' in attendance for six nlonths at the school already i'!'lceiving :' ai<:i shall amount -tq ,two .hundr~d, unless sOPle 'natural obstacle ilhall interven.e between the two "'schools which shall jll'event the attendance 'of the pupils'a,t such other 8ch.ool, or unless one of ':.the two schools shalr.M·fo:r ~~ys alo:(:\~,aIidthe·other for' girfs··alone:. Jilrovided ~hat no school "shall be arijnfant seh~ol ~i,t):tinrthe iJ1Ga.uing or this. -clause' unless all 'thepupils be u'n~er the " age of eight years." . ,
63. The existcnce in any locality of a school not vested in the Board shall not be regarded Veated and non-vested as a hindrance to the establishmcnt of a vested school in that locality, should such' be applied schools. for, although the granting of aid'by the Board to such school should, according t{) section 10 of the Common Schools Act, necessitate the withdrawal of aid from the non-vested school.
64' Subject to the "provisions of the two 'precediIig'rules, aid may' 'be granted on the Terms ()f ald.
following terms :- .
I.-:-Seliools Vested in the Board.-( a) Buildings • .. ·65· Before' any :grant is''made ·towards bUilding a: schJolchouse, the 'Board' are to he ConditloDJ! of grant for
satisfied that a necessity 'eldsts for such' a 'school; thatanelig'Ible site has been granted by the building. Crown, or (if otherwise procnred)-that a satisfactory conveyance"wiIl 'be executed to the Board, imddihat the· applicants are'lirepul'ed :to· raise by private contribution 'at ·.'least one-half of the whole S!l.m which the Board deem necessary for the erectio!l of ~he hons.e, providing necessary furniture, &c., 'such furniture to' be the I property, ofth.eBoard for the purposes of the school: but in,ordeJ1 to ,facilitate the· amalgamation of twp or ·more SGhools~ such ~chools having' been previously vested in the Board, they mfty. sell ,or' othCl'wise dispose ·of such school property, and. regard. the whole .or a part of the proceeds as local contributions; or should the Board retain. ~)lle or more such schools, they may estimate the value of the property, and regard the whole or a part thereof as local contributions towards the outlay incurred for the purposes of such amalgamation. , 66. The Board will determine from the information afforded the dii:nensions of the Dimensionso! building. proposed building. ' , '.
67· The Board will not contribute to· the' ornamenting of schooWlouses'; but' merely to Ornamentation not Jlni~ snch expenditure as may be necessary for having the children accommodated in plain substantial for.
buildings;' If buildings ·of 'another description be 'preferred, the whole of' the extra expense must be provided ,by· the· applicants. .' {.; U,.: ,. . :'" ....... ,. -" • . I
. ,,·,68 .. The plans? estim~tes,. and specifications: ,musf: be .. sa:tisfactorydo. the "Board ; when Plans, &c.
approved 'and se'aled:they:maj'be ·returned to' the promot~ll's'-of .the schoof ·for ;U8e, 'but must be lodged in the Educatioh Office ·before n; grant is ·paid. ,'" .;' ., ;..'..".. .
, 69· ,The private 'contributions'lmnst btl pai'd to the credit.ofi the':Board-iof . Edu'cation, at priva.te contributions. the Bank of Victoria, Melboimie. .. '. ',<1 "" ,.. .. , d'" .
. '7 o. In~talments. at· it rate not ,exceeding £75 :per. cent. On the ,value of'Jthe .works 'executed Instalments on works ex.c, will be paid 011 the certificate of the committee and architect. ' _. . .,.\ . , . ' . cuted,
'7 1, The Board 'will !require that within' olle month! aftel't.the1notification of a O'rant shall Local oommittec to notil,)'" 'I b d th I I ' . h II d fi" . '. "l acceptance of grant. lave een ma e, ' e oca cO!llmlttee s a state e' U1tely whether the grant IS accepted' or not; that with·in· six months after. the'notification of the"grant~ the' wholei of ,the local subscriptions, or such portion as the Board shall deem sufficient for the purpose, shall have been paid in; and that within nine months u£ter the notj~cation of the grant, building operations shall 'h'ave been actuaUy commenced. In the·eveilt· of. failure in carrying out anf of these-conditions; tHe' grant wiillapse.
16
(b) Repairs. CO~e~~~~B of grant for 72. Before any grant is made towards repairing a school-house, the Board are to be
satisfied that such repairs are necessary, and that at least one-half of the whole sum will be locally contributed.
'Rules 66t-i 71 to applr, with 73. The provisions of Rules 66-71 relative to buildinO's will apply to grants for repairs excep on. l. 0 "
, except ~s to the payment of the final mstalment in the case of repairs involving only a small
Nature of aid.
Forms of application.
Districts.
Duties of inspectors.
expendIture, and when the Board do not deem the employment of an architect necessary.
2.-Sckools not "Vested in the Board. 74· The Board will entertain applications for aid to new schools not proposed to- be
vested in the Board; but this aid can only be granted under the rules for allowances to schools. 75 .. Forms of application may be obtained on application to the Secretary.
H.-INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS.
76. For tile purposes of inspection the colony will be divided int,) districts, to each of which an Inspector shall be appointed. .
77· Inspectors will be required-strictly to conform to the" Instructions to Inspectors of Common Schools" contained in Appendix G, and generally to carry out the instructions of the Board.
III.-EXAMINATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS. Appointments . missal.
and dis- 78. The appointments and dismissal of all teachers in schools receiving a~d fro~ the Board rests with the local committees '; but each teacher appointed must have his qualifications, both as to character and general fitness, approved by the Board, and the dismissal of any teacher must.be sanctioned by the same.
Certificates of tiOll.
fjuali:flca- 79. Certificates of qualification will be divided into four classes, and will be granted . upon examination by officers appointed by the B?ard, the details as to which will be found in Appendix C. But all teachers who have \Jeen classified, either under the late National or the late Denominational Boaru, will be entitled, without examination, to a classification e'qual to that obtained by them under either of those Boards, and a certificate in accordance with this rule will be granted by the Board of Education; and teachers who have held· schools under either of the late Boards.previous to the 1st October 1857 will be entitled, without examination, toa special certificate, equivalent to tIle first division of competency, upon obtaining a report from an Inspector that their schools are well conducted, and upon passing the exrunination in all the subjects of the "Art of Teaching" for that division; and teachers holding certificates of merit from the Committee of Council on Education in Great Britain, and the Commissioners of National Education, Ireland, who have actually received a recognition by either of the late Boards, will receive a similar recognition by the Board of Education, and. will, without examination, be entitled to a certificate accordingly.
Rulativa vnJue of certi- 80. The value of the certificates issued by the Board relative to those of the late National 1IcMes,
and Denominational Boards will be seen'in the following table :-
Board of Education. . Denominational SchOOl Boord.
Second division of competency Second division of competency First division of competency I First division of competeney Second-class honors . ... ••. Third and fourth honors .. . First-class honors ... .:. First and second honors .. .
National School Board •
Probationers. First and second divisions of third class.' First and second divisions of second class. First, second, and third divisions of first class.
Recognition of home cer- 8 I. The certificates of teachers who have been classified in Great Britain or Ireland tificates Jssued since 1St h £, 11 I September 1862. since. the 1st "September 1862 will be recognised in accordance wit the 0 owing' sca es,
provided that each teacher shan have been . actually engaged in teaching within two years of his application for recognition, and provided also that he shall satisfy the Board as to his peing the person named in such cer}ificate, and as to his moral character.
Board of Education. Great Britain. Ireland.
Second division·of competency Second grade, fourth class... First and second divisions, third class. First division of competency All eertificates above second All certificates above third class.
grade, fourth class
Examinations, when and 82. Examinations will be held periodically at .Melbourne, and such other central places where held. . • as the Board may appoint (due'notice of which will be given), wh~n all candidates who present
themselves for examination, and who produce certificates of moral eharacter from a clergyman registered under the Maqiage Act, chairman of a .local committee, or justice of the peace, and of souna. health signed by a licensed medical practitioner, will be entitled to be examined in the literary subjects required in Appendix C. Candidates must bear their own travelling expenses; and all candidates who are not actually 'employed as teachers, workmistresses, or pupil-teachers, will be required to pay a fee of ten shillings previous to examination. . '
Conditions of appoint- 83. The Board will not recognise the appointment of any teacher unless he has attained ment. the age of 18 years, or in the case of females, 17 years; unle~s a certificate of moral characte.r
be produced, as provided in rule 82; and unless notice of the appointment be sent to the Board
A gTeemcnts required.
within one week of the date of such appointment. , 84. A written agreement must be entered into between each teacher and his local com
mittee, according to a form supplied by the Board, and a duplicate of such agreement must be
17
deposited in the office of the Board within two months of the date of appointment, or in default thereof the. Board will not, recognise any claim for school payments for the time suffered to elapse beyond the said period. ,
85. Local committees shall notify to the Board their intention of dismissing any teacher, NotlJlcation of dismissal. and shall also notifY the same to the teacher; but they may ill extreme cases suspend him from the performance of his dnties during that period, such suspension, if approved by the Board, to annnl the claim to a month's notice of dismissal.
86. The Board will regard the taking part, in elections for members of the Legislature Teachers not to take jllU't
except by voting as incompatible with the performance of the duties of teachers of Common in elections. schools.
87. No teacher shall l'eceive a certificate of the first division of competency unless he Terms of serviee to be . completed before issue
has been employed III a school for at least t".o years. of ISt division :certlft. 88. No teacher shall be allowed to attend an examination for honors (the conditions Cca;"it"i f h'
. C h 11 b . 1 1 'fi d' on. ons 0 onor ex· affecting which will be found in AppendiX ) who S ,a not have een prevlOus y c asS] e lD ami nations. the first division of competency, or who shall have had an unfavorable report recorded against him for the two preceding years.
89. Canp.idatt's fOI' drawing and singing certificates will be examined in the programme Siti~~:te~~d drawing cer, as set forth in Appendix D.
IV.-PUPIL TEACHERS.
90. The Board of Education will not register a school for pupil-teachers unless it is C<>nditions forreglstration d of pupil-teachers. reporte to be-
(I.) Under a head teacher holding a certificate equal at least to the secoud division of competency.
(2.) Held in suitable premises. (3.) Well furnished and well supplied with books and apparatus. (4') Instructed under a suit,able time-table, which is strictly carried out. (5.) Under satisfactory discipline. (6,) Properly classified and instructed.
91• Pupil-teachers shall not be appointed undel' the age of 14 years for males and 13 for Age,&c.
females; they must be of sound aud healthy constitution, and free from any physical defect likely to impair their efficiency as teachers.
92, Salaries will not be granted to pupil-teachers until they shall have passed the exami- Commencement of Sllla
nation for the fourth 01' lowest class, and salaries when granted will date from the commencement rles. of the month succeeding that in which the pupil-teachers pass such examination.
93. Pupil-teachers will be divided into four classes, and will be paid at the followiug rates Classes. per annum:-
First class (highest) Males £50 Females £40 Salaries. Second" " 40 ,,32
Third " " 30 ,,24 Fourth " " 20 ,,16
94. The local payments from school-fees and other sources towards pupil-teachers' salaries Local contributions. shall be, for the fourth class-males £ 1 0, females £8, per annnm, and for all classes above the fourth-males £15, females 12, which must be paid in cash, and no other allowance, such as board or residence, will be allowed in lieu of cash payments. ,
95. A general examination of pupil-teachers will be held at the commencement of every Generalexaminntlon. year, both orally and by means of papers, when all pupil-teachers who have been appointed not less than six months will be reqnired to attend under pain of forfeiting their salaries. At this examiMtion they will be classed for the year.
96. Every pupil-teacher will be expected to advance at least one class at each annual Advancement on exami
examination, and those who undergo two such examinations without promotion will forfeit their nation. claim to aid altogether.
97· Head teachers will be required to give to their pupil-teachers, either personally or by Instruction. competent assistants, instruction, outside of the four hours required by the Common Selwols Aet to be devoted to secular instruction, as follows :-
In a school havillg but one pupil-teacher, five hours per week. In a school having more than one pupil-teacher, at least six hours per week; and the time for snch instruction must in all cases appear on the time-table.
98. Pupil-teachers cannot, at their first examination, be placed in a higher class than the Classes. lowest, but at the annual examination they will be allowed to advance as many classes as they may show tllemselves competent for.
99· Pupil-teachers will not be examined for payment for results. Results. 100. The services of pupil-teachers will be retained till the completion of their course, Retention ofservices.
although the atten4ance would otherwise necessitate a reduction in the teaching staff of the school, but two pupil-teachers will always be considered equivalent to one assistant.
10 I. Pupil-teachers will be, liable to dismissal without notice, for idleness, disobedience Causes for oismissa.1 or immo],al couduct, subject to appeal to the Bo"rd as in the case of teachers. ' .
I oz. In every school registered for pupil-teachers, when a vacancy in the head teacher- Vn.cnncies ia heat!-ship occurs, the new head-teacher must be 01le qualified to traiu and instrnct pupil-teachers. teachership.
103. Bonuses will bc paid to the head-teachers for every pupil-teacher who shall pass the Bonuses. annual examination fOl' promotion, according to the following scale :_
For one pupil-teacher £10 " two" " I 8 " th l'ee " " 24 " four" " 28 " five" " 30
No. 33. I
'~~l\Je~e' ~o it 'p'r6po'rtib"ri'ate, l'e~'u'cti~~1 for ;hier{IHipif.te:1~ber '{\rlio'shiiil' ~air lo\)aJ~ o~ kt:t~i{(rtlle "examimttion;* and no bonus will be'paid for"nio1'e tMn five' p'upil~teacli~i'sl ii::t"ahi o'he"'s'cnool.
" ~ alt~?ug~"a gl:e~tf.lr I~um~er may he empioyed., , ' ", , • ,', ',;, ' , 'A.,"Teemenis," ",,~, I" ".,' , .. , {04. 'THe Boiird do not absolutelY r~q'uire that local committees (shall eiiter inti:! written
Jagi:e~me~ts witli, the pa:!entsol' guai'dians Of pupil.teachers,bu;' theY' recommend 'tnem to'd(rso.
; , Where'the'head tc'acher·is classified iri the second djvision of competeiicy; the'a:gi'eemeD.'t-:should
, ,. be for. three ye(tl'sonly, in,or4e1' that the pupil-teac)1er may nave' an ciPpol'tuility. ~f completirig " .. , 'theco,urse under a teacher: holding (t' first 'di vision certificate. 'Wliel'e the head teacher'is in the
"fii:st division of cOlIipetehcy; the agl'eeme'nf'should extend o'ver fOUl' ye:i.i-s. 'Forms"of:agr~emhiIt can he obta,ined on applicat.ion to the Secretary. , " )
Supervision' d~rl\ll!' 'in·;' i:,' 105, Pup' il~teachers must be of the sarn~' 'sex "as the h~ad'teacilEn~' o(the-'~chool or itructloU. .
" "" ," ,department qfa school in which they are e~nployed ; but in rrii;x:ed' schools, or; de'partrrieilts of "school;;, under a master l1nd mistress; fem~le ptipil-teacher~ roay, receive instl;ilction o'dt of: school
,1" "houi~8 frolll die ~n:ster, on conditioll tlu1t son1e adult fenluie, appl'o~ied by the local'": complHtee and by 'the Inspector,' be invariably presCIit dlll'ing the whole time thil:t "the lessons' are' beirlg given by the ,tcacher; provided also that" the teacher and saiil 'atl'ulf fenmlc" Qenot both young and unmal'l'ied. '
V.-COURSE OF SECULAR INSTRUCTION. Course of Instruetion, 106. The course of instruction laid down' in tlie programme of instruct,ion in Appendix B
-0- i: J~, _ I,. ~"'~', :: ...•. : ~. snaIl "be· fi>llotved ;in<uU' school~: receiving: aid from 'the .Bo~u:d:'; 'but 'thd ;'100a1 :committees may , , , ,'" encourage the int.roilnction of singing, drawing, and other br.tnches of instruction, 'subject to the
, condi tions stated ,in Ru les 107, 1 I I;""imd I 12. " .,'., '
Instruction in programme 107. At least two c.onsecutive hours in the forenoon" and twO ,in the afternoon shall be subiects and in subjects, , ,. I b' b d' 1 f'" . d h' Id h below programme, glVen to lIlstructlOll III t Ie su ~ects em race III t 1e programme 0 IUstructlOn; an s ou ot er
subjects beyond those" embraccd in the ;progl;nmme, and codling, under 'the head of secular instt'UcLion, 'b'e' intl'odlrCed;" they must be, tauglit outside' of : these 'hours;"unles's the special sanction of the Board be obtained to the contrary'; such sanction can 'only be conditional on each class in the school receiving at least fom" hours' 'instl:uction' each day' 'inf tHe programme
. subjects, and this must be showll on the time-table: ' ,Program,,!" sllbjec~s to be,' '. ,. '108.' The subjects comprised in the, }lrogl'amme of instructiotr must be taught in classes
taught 11l claoses COnt- '11 f I d' , d h I l' ' mon to all, common to a on payment 0 t 10 or Illary l'Ccoglllse sc .0.0 lees. " , " , '" ,
Ilates of fees,
.~. 't'
:VI.-SCHOOL FEES. . ,I
, 109. The' ratd' of sciHlol fee:s ',~iil b~':regulated by illQ locaf:cothii;ittees;bu't' is ~odo , , 'exceed ten shillings a' morttlt or ~wo shillings dnd sixpence a week; unless wi~h the sp(lcial
sanction of ~he l?~a,~d, nor is i,t to be less )llal1, tl~~f!e shillings ,a m,ont{t 91', n,in,epcnce a wee!, for any single scholar." When more thUli' one', 'a:ttelld fi'om the'samc family, the ,fee for each may be reduced to sixpence." In cases of children under eight years of age the fee may 'be i'educed at the discretion of .the local committee tosixpe1l;ce pet week. No child unless uri~er'i'ight years of age, ca~l be,regarded "as, an infant. ,: " ,
CAsh-' payments J in 'ad.!:.'.' :' 't .. ,'iio. Sdl9,dFfe~'s uibst be paid'in rrl:oney; ulfd 'should,ih evei·icase']je'i}!i.id'ili.ll:~vance, a;nd vAnee. amiYiInts' actually i'eceivtld'dllfing the yoa:r i'ind ;i'on'e other wjll bet:iken'intoaccoiint in consideriiig
, tlie'mnouut which should 'be raised \~cally~ ~1~Vlc ;6)...' • , ., , ' , ' , ! ....
,"', !"" SINGINGAND,DRAWINQ AND OTHER EX,TRA, BR~NCHES. , ,
l'ayments tor, ~;~, :;~ ';In: Aliy'local committee desirous'~of. bllvitig singing and 'dl'awilig 'taught in 'their school, ;!may~:.:'wi tli :tlie ;sim'c'Hclri of'ili~ 'Boa'lfd;lchitrge' a1fde'(not exc~eding' iine'lp'JhllY pet' weeItror singing, , and one, penny per week for drmving, t? be paid totlie teachers imparti:ngisl1cli,in.struction (who
"Ie" .. ,' ' ","" '/:, , Iiliust: oe':appl'oved" by'the ,B6al'd};,f6r' every 'ch'ild ~above sheJi'y~ars 'oW' attending snch school, , ':'; In;-addltion ,to' the, :ordinal'y' 'school ,tees; 'atid"the'Boa'rd,wil! ilUI'lplement'iniClf'payim;bt' witlr an
equal amount. ...' ' , Sehle of fee. tol.be 'ap;:'; '; . ',: LI 1'2: ,Where" othei" bi'uhches; are': introdu'ced beyond' thl)se 'inctuded' iiI 'the programme .of
proved by the BolU'd, ',instl\uction,' ttle 'scaIell Of· fees' ;to be clrli:rged lili'adcli.tion' 'to'the' brdibi'll'{ rates 'sanctioned' tinder Rule 109 must i~ each case have t~e ap,proval of t~c Board. '
I. •••• '.,. t • • t' ; ~ . ( :
1,; I , " "', ' "VII.-: .. UESTITUTE CHILDREN."
FeespayabJe. )'!' ;, H3~"In, tfJ(;:c~~e' ofd;!,,~itut~;,c,~ildX~'u, und!lI::whi9hd~~igiiatio~ ~~6' incJuded orphun~ and _ ,deserted childreli who havEl no means of paying the ,prescribed schoo! fees, payments.wIlI be
made by the Board acc.ording to the following scale:- " ,", For a singl.e,;~~)1?!ar!11wv:~,!~ig~t"ye~rs of llge, 4~d~ pel' ,we,ek.).: ',<: II'; ,'''I
; ," For, a ,single scholar utt4er eight years of age," 3d. per week. ,When more than one , '. ,,:.,' ',' M,ten4 f~<lll1,~he:s~~e..t'amilY~ per scholal', 3d. per ,~?ek: ":; ,:,:" , , '.",';
Certificates required, But III cveq:: .. c3;sea::<:ertl~yp.:te .m,UqLb.1' fU,rmshed to,t~e 1<?~!t~co~mlttee,,~,I.gJ?eg:py;a :Ju.st~e,e?f th~ ,p~ace, <;)1: r,egistered elergyt:)'Utn, .i.~ .f<!rIll of, A or B, ,AppeHdrx, F, and, a P<?l?y:,t~erc~f l.ol'w~rded to . the Boara, and. the, J;1oard wilL ,require, to be satisfied. that such case r,ea!ly eXIsts. Every such certificate, must be presented on the day pf admission to ~he school" and must be renewed
"" hulf-yenrJy~:", '\ ':"';' \,,'" ,:~. ': !,,' .,.":",, \' , .. ': "; -I',' ,:;; '. ;,,', ;"."., ,,:, All C,;l'tlllcatcd ur Imying , ' ',:1 ~4' E,:ery 'qliild holdi~g a certificate,,~l'!pl1y:ing the fee requi,red by Ru~e 109, shall. be
clll,dren to ~.admitted. entitled to admission to Ill)y ,Comm~~1"sC~1001" u,nless, th\3, ],ocal comfi\ltte,e t~el:<;9f,shan,llss!gn reasons for refusing admission, to be approved by the Board. ,
~ The reduction is thus calculatetI !-: . . l' •• • , :.,
If 1ive lmpil~teachers u:rC! 'employed in a school, llnd they nIl pas£! the examination, the school will be entitled to n. bonus of £30 ; but it two fail, two~ftfths will be deducted from £30. leaving the amount pnynble £18.
Again, if three PUl,ll-teaehers ore employod, nnd the)' nil pass, the school will be entitled to £Z4; but if two fan, two-thirds of the £14, or £16, will ~e struck oIT, leaving only £8"pnyo.ble,
19
I I;, 'Destitute children are to. be admitted to. any CDmmDn schDDl irrespective Df the Dist.nce not to be con·
d ' f h ,. 'd I d"'l bl sldered. Istance 0. t elr resl encc, So. Dng as aCCDmmD at IOn IS aVaI a e. !. 116. Destit.ute children shall nDt he called upon to. perfDrm menia!.Dr Dther services Menial services not to be
which ar(l nDt required frDm the schDlars ,generally.. re~Ulred.
VIII.-DRlLL 'AND GYMNASTICS • .. ' 1 17. Teaql,ers Df /'iChDDls who., are desirDus Df becDming qualified instructDrs in military Classes formed,
dril.' and g:rm~~stic~ may, D~ ,applipatiD,I, t~. t)Ie. BDar!i, Dbtai,n, free admitta~ce as pupils to. a course Df ,lIlstrqiltlOn, ,!n thDse subjects, to. be gIven at the NatIOnal GymnaslIlI:\l; but all teachers avaiFng t!lems~I:f.eR', Df. this, privilegl? must undertake to. attend during the whDle cnurEe Df instructiDn, and to. submit to. an examinatiDn at its terminatiDn. The CDnrse o.f instructio.n will be'determine'd by the Bo.ard ofEducatiDn, uJ,id thc time nlUst be fixed so. as nDt to. interfere with the ho.urs Df secular instruetio.n.' '
118. Certificatcs will, bc issued to. teachers who. 'pass the examinatio.n, and they will be certificates to be issued.
requir~d to.' instruct theil' pupils 'in military drill, and (if practicable) in gymnastics also; and stH}h instruetion ... villbe 'duly' reporfe'd upon by the visiting inspectDr. _'
119. No. class will he fo.rmed unless a specified number o.f teachers, to he fixed by the Spooified numberrequired Bo.ard, undertake to. attend. to form a clnss.
I 19A. Bo.nuses will be gran ted to. schDo.ls in -'w.l).ich thescho.lars are instrueted in Gym- ilonuses granted on spec!-. b' h J! II' d' , lIed conditions. nastlCs, su ~ect to. t e 10 o.wmg co.n tho.ns:- ,
, :' (a:) That,:the 'teacher ,imparting' the ,instructiDn ho.ld:a certificate' o.f' qualificat,io.n under Rule iI8. ' ' '. ; '" ' . .
,. (b.) 'fhat g;ymnastic appamtus be prDvided as described in AppenQixH. (e.) .Tha't. the pupils exhibit. a fair amo.unto.f prDfieiency .. ,' " " _
. , I i 9B . .The Ipspecto.i· ,vill repo.rt upo.n gymnastics'at theillime!time as on the examinatio.n Amount of bonus, &c.
fo.r results. The amo.unt Df the bonus fo.r the yeur will be determined liy his repo.rt, and it shall no.t in any case exceed £10 to any o.ne scho.o.l ;. nDr shall any bDnus be paid unless the InspectDr can report. that the appn,ratus nnd the, pro.gress o.f the pupils are at leust mo.derately satisfaeto.ry. The teacher who. imparts the instruction shall be entitled to. receive the bo.nus.
iX,-'.n1ISCELLi\N,EOV:S.,,:- ,i ,!'
,! " , ,t _ : -,LOCAL COM:!IIlTTEES.
120. The Bo.anl will receive nDIl]inatio.ns, of mem hers fo.r local co.mmittees fDr approval NomluaUons received. Dr appo.intment. . , ' , , " ,., ,
121. '111e apprDval 0.1' appo.intment o.f loca~ committees o.f Co.mmo.n schDo.ls rests with the Appointments,
Board, who. have also. the po.wer, with ,the' consent of the Go.vet:n'or in Co.uncil, of remo.ving such co=~~' , , l, ,122'. Members of eDmmittee' must ordinarily reside in the Io.cality, where t.he scho.Dl is Residence of memoo ....
situated, or;must live sufficiently near the schoo.l to take part in its inspection and ma.nagement; but in schDols vested in, 0.1' eDnnected with religio.us bodies, the minis LeI' of the deno.mination having pastDral charge of the dist!'ict in which the schDo.l is situated may be a member of the committee.
12 3. Lo.eal co.mmittees shall inform' the' BDard of any vacancies in their number which Resignation and remova.l.
m,ay OCeur by dea.th, rcmDval fro.m the district,' Dr resignatiDn . .. _ ,'. ,12,4. Q~e q:t9nW.~ n!J#ge, Df.the,intentio.n o.f, the ,BD,ml to appoint or remove local co.m- N~~~;tO~r ~~;;;~~~n to ap·
mittees 0.1' members thereof will be given in the Government Gazette, and all appo.illtmen t,g Df . lRcaV~D.ml!littees Dr, ()f ml':)rnbersthereo.f will ~lso be no.tified in the, Government ,Gazette, and ill, ~OI;ne ID<)al newsp1tper, if any. , ,
. ~ 2 5.,,;A lo.!llil. ,c~Il1mitteE? ¥ll!St. ()D,l~si[>t of no.t: less .than fi ve members" of whom the co.r- Fi~ ~~~'~f~:e n~ce:.':Z r~sp'o.ndent,muBt be onEl., , , ', mitto.,
126. The correspondent is the Drgan o.f the local committec, aJ'lq shDuld be appointed by Correspondent.
them. He has no.t the pDwer Df taking independent actio.n in any matter connected with the scho.o.], but must communicate with the Bo.ardin the name and on behalf o.f the co.mmittee.
127. The duties Df the lo.cal cDmmittee will be;- , Duties of local commit-
(a.) To. appoint the necessary number Df teachers, enter into agreements with them, tees.
and remo.ve them when requisite, subject to. the provisions o.f the Act and o.f these regulatio.ns. :
(ll.) To. reco.mmend to. the Board the pro.portion in which the allDwapccs made by them to. schoo.ls shall be distributed between the head teacher and the other
, " persons empiDyed lnthe scho.Dl. . , '. ' ". :', , ,:~' ,(c.) 1'0 regulate, (subject to the rules abqve laid dow,n) the rate o.f scho.o.l fees for :,: ':: :: .. ~ \,' , _::': ghHdren' attending their ScllODl, to 'make arrangcm~nts fo.r'their co.liectio.n,: ,',~ ".d • I", e' ,C , 'arid'tD decide' what pro.po.rtiDn Df them shDuld be paid to. the Ileal teaeher;
. ,. and the other perso.ns ~mployed ill such scho.o.l,_ and what proportio.n should ,J;. .. ". (~' ',~" J; '. ,tie;: s,pp,lje'd .too.tl:ie1~ ,sc~o.ol, puyposef!; such sc~eme o.f distributio!1 to. be"
, ,'~ ·'approv'e'd by the Bo.ard. ", .. . , (d.) To. keep full and co.rrect accounts o.f the total receipts and expenditure o.f their
scho.Dl, such accounts to be left in the scho.o.l and to be pro.ducen when required by an Inspeetor o.f the Board.
(e.) To visit the scho.o.l at s~o.rt intervals, and reeord upo.n the schDo.l rolls the results of their visits, together with the number of children found present at the time of their visiting.
(f.) To. take all possible care that the children whose schDo.l fees are paid by the State attend regularly at ~cho.ol, and that no.ne are paid fo.r unless they are rcally destitute of the means Df educatiDn.
(g.) To make returns Df destitute children, after having satisfied themselves that such children are .fit Dbjects Df bounty.
20
SCHOOL-HOUSES.
~nscription.. 128. Every school receiving aid from the Board must have the inscription (, Common School" placed conspicuously on the exterior of. the building, and no other inscription shall be permitted excepting the distinguishing number of the school, or one or more of the following terms :-Male, female, infant, the proper name of the city, town, street, or locality in which the 8chool may be situated, or the name of the founder; but in cases of denominational designations, employed to indicate the connection of the school with a church or place of religious worship,
,such as St. Paul's, St. Francis', and the like, which have been in use before the 17th March 1869, or where the term National has been in use, the Board will not require their remov;al.
In no case, however, shall any part of such inscription be more prominent or consIlicuous than the words" Common School."
Use 01 school·houses. 129. The Board will not permit schools vested in them to be used as places of public
Books, &c., supplied.
Lists to be publlshcd,
worship, nor will they allow any Common school to be used for political purposes; but under the provisions of the Electoral Act schools may be used as polling-places when required by the Returning Officer.
I
SCHOOL BOOKS AND REQUISITES. .
1,30. The Board will provide such books and school requisites as they may deem necessary or fit for the use of Common schools, and these will be furnished at as Iowa rate as possible to local committees and teachers. Local committees may requit'e the scholars to pay for them, but not at prices higher than those charged by the Board, plus the cost of carriage.
13 I. The Board will publish from time to time a list of books in stock, for the information of local committees and teachers.
HOLIDA YS IN COJIBION SCHOOLS.
HoUdays. 132. The following shall be the holidays observed in Common schools :-(1.) All Saturdays and Sundays. ' (2.) Snch other holidays as shall be dctermined by the local committees, but which
mnst not exceed thirty days in one yem·. Half·holidays. 133. Half-holidays may be grunted by local committees when they think fit, but they
m11st be counted against the llOlidays .allowed by the preceding rule. . Holld.aysotllertl1an p~bllc 134. In all cases holidays, other than public holidap, should be notified to the
hoM"ys to be nohfied Inspector .. to the Inspector. •
Excess of holidays., 135. If the nllmber of thirty days be infringed, It pro mttz reduction will be made from the fixed salaries and augmentations of all the teachers, unless the excess of holidays shall have· been sanctioned by the Board.
GENERAL.
Hours. for sccular instrue- 136. No part of the four hours for seculnr instruction required by the 1 rlh section of the tlon. Common Schools Act shall be set apart before nine o'clock in the morning, nor after five o'clock
in the afternoon. Social distinctions not re- 137. No social distinctions cnn be permitted in Common schools. The schools are open-
cognlsed. to all classes of Her Majesty's suhjects, lind all scholars attending are equally the subjects of
Address of letters, the bounty, of the State, and receive the benefits afforded on a footing of perfect equality.
138. All letters should be addressed as' under, lind in all cases prepaid, unless when franked envelopes are supplied.
The Secretary,
Boa1'd of Education,
ltlelbourne.
AppendIces, 139. The appendices to these regulations may be revised by the Board from time to time . . Alteration 01 reguhttiOllS, [40 • The Board are empowered under the Common Schools Act, from time to time; with
the sanction of the Governor in Council, to revoke or alter any of the foregoing regulations as it shall seem to them either expedient or necessary.
·('!ommcncement of reguo 141. These general regulations shall, 'except where otherwise specified, commence and lations. tr f J 0 1 . d d take eHect on and after th~ first day 0 anuary ne t lOU sand C1ght hundre an seventy.
21
APPEN,DIOES.
APPENDIX A.
PROGRAMME OF EXAMINATION FOR PUPIL-TEACHERS.
FOR THE FOURTH OR LOWEST CLASS.", •
Reading.-To read fluently the Irish National Board's Third Book of Lessons, or some book equivalent to it. Writing and Composition.-'l'o write out neatly in small-hand, with correct spelling, any passage dictated from the
'Third Book, or its equivalent. ' Grammar.-To point out the parts of speech in a simple sentence. Geography.-To ha "e a knowledge of the elements of geography and the outlines of the map of the world. Arilhmetic.-To write from dictation sums in the first four rules of arithmetic, simple and compound, and work them
eorrectly, and to know the tables of weights and measures. Needleworll, for Gil'ls.-To sew neatly and to knit.
FOR THE THIRD CJ"ASS. Reading.-To read the Irish National Board's Fourth Book of Lessons, or some book equivalent to it, with fluency
and proper emphasis, and to be acquainted with the subjects contained in the Third Book (or equivalent), except stories, fables, and poetry. .
Writing and Composition.-To write from dictation, neatly and in a small-halld, with eorrect spelling and fair punctuation, any passage from the Fourth Book of Lessons, or its equivalent.
Grammar.-To know the first part and first two chapters of the second part of Morell's Grammar, or their equivalent .. Geo,qraphy.-The geography of Australasia. Aritltmetic.-To know simple proportion and practice, with the elements of mental arithmetic. Art of Teaching.-(I.) Ability to give a class [\, reading lesson, and to examine on the meaning of what has been read.
(2.) Ability to drill a class in marching and cxercises,and to conduct it through the movements necessary for preserving order. Needlework.-Girls to instruct the younger ones in sewing and knitting.
FOR THE SECOND CLASS. Rrading.-To read with fluency and proper emphasis; to know the subjects of the Irish National Board's Fourth
Book of Lessons, or its eq uh·alent. U',·iting.-To write from memory, neatly and in small-hand, with correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation, the
substance of a narrative read aloud. Grammar.-To know the first two parts of Morell's Grammar, or their equivalent, and the elements of parsing. Geograplty.-The geography of Europe, and the first fonr chapters of Sullivan's "Geography Generalized," or
equivalent. Arithmetic.-To vulgar and decimal fractions, and mental arithmetic. Art of Teaclting.-To teach a class the rudiments of grammar and arithmetic, and to keep the class in attention, order,
and activity. Needlework.-Gil'ls to exhibit increased skill in needlework. .
FOR THE FIRST CLASS. Reading.-To read with ease and expression either prose or poetry, and to know the subjects of the Fifth Book of
Lessons, or its equivalent. , Writing and Composition.-To write from memory, neatly and in small-hand, with correct grammar, spelling, and
punctuation, the substance of an easy essay previously read. , Grammar.-The whole of Morell's Grammar, or its equivalent. Oeograph1J.-The geography of the world, and the mathematical and physical geography of Sullivan's" Geography
Generalized," or its equivalent. Arithmetic.-To vulgar and decimal fractions, interest, mental arithmetic, and the elements of book-keeping. Art of Teaclting.-Ability to give a gallery lesson. , Needlework.-Girls to exhihit some skill in fancy work, and to do plain work well.
APPENDIX B.
PROGRAMME SHOWING THE INSTRUCTION TO BE GIVEN IN EACH CLASS AND THE SUBJECTS IN WHICH IT WILL BE EXAMINED BY THE INSPECTOR. .
PROGRAMME OF INSTRUCTWN.
Class I. Reading and Spelling.-Tablets; First Reading Book Irish
National Board, or its equivalent. • Writillg.-Capital and small letters on slate, from copies
on black-board and from dictation. Arithmetic.-Notation-Iearning to write and read numbers
up to 20; oral addition and subtraction of numbers, each less than I I.
Rltymes.-To learn them daily. NeedlellJork.-Those who are able to learn, to commence. Disciplinary Exercises.
Class II. Average Age of Children, under Nine.
Reading, Spelling, and Explanation.-Irish National Board's Second Book.
Writing.-Single and double turns on paper, copying on slates in manuscript sentences from tablets or books I or 2, and writing on slates from copies set on black-board.
Arithmetic.-Simple addition and subtraction, and multiplication tables.
Grammar.-Learn to distinguish articles, nouns, and adjectives.
Geography.-The continents, oceans, and larger seas, with their relative positions.
Needlework.-To be learning to hem.
PROGRAlIIME OF EXAMINATION.
Class I. Ohildren under Seven.
A fair proflciency in disciplinary exercises. Satisfactory proof'that the class is judiciously instructed
in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and rhymes, and properly supplied with requisites.
CMldren over Seven. Same as Class II.
Class II.
Reading.-To read the Irish National Board's First Book (last edition), or its equivalent.
Spelling.-To spell viva voce words from the Irish National Board's First Book, or its equivalent.
Writing.-To form on slate, from dictation, capital and small letters, manuscript.
Arilhmetic.-To write on slate, from dictation, figures up to 20; to add and subtract, orally, figures up to 10.
Rhymes.-To exhibit a fair knowledge of rhymes. Needlework,for Girls.-To be learning to hem.
* Scholars who have passed Ille e:<nmlnatfon for the filth clnss In the Programme .Appendix B, will be qnnl!fied for fourth.elass pupll.teacher without uudergolug this e:<amlnation.
Class m. Average Age, under 10'3.
Reading, Spelling, and Explanation.:"':"'Irish National Board's Third Book, or equivalent.
Dictation.-From Secoud Book, or equivalent. Writing.-In copy-books, text-hand. . Aritltmetic.-Notation and numeration, four .simple rules,
and money tables. . Grammar.-The parts of speech. Geograplt!/.-Minor seas, chief gulfs, capes, ,bays, penin~
sul~s', and isl1!-nqs in .the world. .zv:eed{ew~,:k,,'l:Ie!llming and seaming.
, , I ..' , \ ( ! ~ >'.:,
22
"'Class III, Reading,-To read tbe Iri.h Nntional Bonrd's Second Book
(last edition), or its equivalent. ...... Spelling.-To spell viva voce words from the Irish Nntional
Board's Second Book, or its equivalent, Writing.-To be nble to form strokes ,md single and double
turns neatly ill copy-books, and to be able to copy on a slate in mnnuscript correctly a line of print.
Ai'ithmetic.-Simplc addition' and subtraction, and the mulo tiplication tables.
-Graminar.-'-To· know the article, noun, and adjective. , ,. c Geograpby.;""To.kno\v thec:;ontinents,oecans,a:nd the largest t,.' ".' . 'sens, with' their relnti ve positions; , "
Needlework,forOirls.-To hem neatly., .
Class IV. . ' ,I . . Qla~s fr. ':'.. ' ':', I '. " Average Age, under 1r6. Reading.-T? rea~ with tolerable fl!i~ncythe'!rish ~ational
R d ' dEl /' In I'sh N t' al B rd's' . , Board s Thud Book (last edItIon), or Its eqUIvalent. ea mg an xp ana IOn. - rl a Ion oa ,'. S lZ' . l' 11' • d f tl I' INt' I . 'j.'ourth Book. " "v" ".' " I. ( .' '" t ., J', ,pe mg.- ~ .spe. ,vwll, voc~ w?r s r~ll?- Ie, rIS I r a 10t;lR J), t t' -F ,Th' d.h k '. I nt ,.:, ,,[ l .. ',! .J .... ,~, > .. ~. Bo;m.\,s. 'I.;{urd, Hook, or 1\8 equIvalent, alJd .to wrIte.
/c. ~ !On. rom 11' 00, or eqIDva e • from dictation a' short paragraph from .the Second W~tttng,-:-Sll1~ll-hand. " "" .., Book. ,. " ..' Artthmet!C.-'lo c~mpound rules and reduction: ., . ".. Writin .-1'0 write in co -book neatl ·text~hand." .. Gramm~r:::-I.f\fi~Xlon~ of .no~ns, pronpuns, adJectlve~" and l. ·Arithm~li~.-Notation·, a!cr nu'm~raiio:"'tlie four .sim"le' , .. 'adverbs and·tneprmclpalparts'of<.verbs."·,~ '" ,. ,,", ..... , .. " " .. , ... '-. '. , P
G h T'h "th th . I' 't' rules, and money,tables. . .'~' . '" ,. " . eograp y.- e countnes, WI ell' re atJve pos~ Ions G r. k ,,'the '-trts ofs e~cli"'" " .. :
and capitals' the principal. mountains 'rivers;'and' "', r,amm~r:-:- ·9. [Jo~. .p'.." ~ ,.,. \ '. c,,' ' ' .. ;:l:i.ke~ofthc~ord', " . I, .. ) ." t. '.,- ' .. '. ';i,:qeqgrgph.y.:-;,rhrmtnors.qas!,th.ech~~.~,g'!llls"stralt~.capes,
N dZ' k' 'H' ... : •.. 't'teh' , 'd'd '''g'''''''' T', ~hay,s,penmsulas,andlslandsm,theworld. '\:. '.' ee ewor.- emmmg, seammg, s I mg, an .a~;m!! " ." "NeedlJwo;k fior,Girls.-,To'liem ,and' seam: '. :;:~:, •.. ' ," .
• ~ It ~'. 'l'" "I ,. ~ ,~,., • ,._
.... '
Class V. qass V.
Average Age, under Thi~teen. ,.!": ··Reading.-To ,read fluently the Irish 'National Board's . Fourth Book (last edition);or~ it!j, equivalent,:an"d:to'
Reading, and .. :fJxp/?-nation.-:-Prose ~nd poetry, .in: al! .00- " .. ",.,': '~":corriprehend' the'sen'se of 'wh:at is'~read. ,. ',' " .vanced readmg b~)!:. . .' I .. ')," ') ".:. 'Spelling:...;..To write 'from' dictation; with' correc~ :spell~ng,
D!C~a.twn.-Fr0':1 an advanced readmg book. passages from th~ Irish National Board's Third Book-' W~ltmg.-:-Runnll~g-hand.. . ..;..... '. Writiny.-:-;To write neatly: in eopy-boo~s;'la!'g~-hnrid, text-4T!t1tmet!c,~To: SImple 'propo!t!on(and [email protected],~pe.::: .r. ,,,'I :',', hano,"and small!hand: ._ '! '. ,,' .';'
four SImple rules m deCImals. Arithmetic.-To the four compound rules and rcdilCtion: : ... Gramlliar.-Pnrsing, and the intlexions of the parts oC:. b .-'Grammar.;':"T6 kdbw~tlie p:\:rts'6f~pl:H;ch'in a sblltence, the
speech. . .. ;;,F .• : .' Tal: I''':: ", illfiexlons of nouns, prononns, adjectives, and ad-Ge.ography.;:M:ps ~;f E~r~p,e an~,:~,usrral~a. '.. '.'" 'Ji , "" '! .. L v;e,lls,.!1nq.tl).ll. p~inc.ip.~l ,p.~rts of vl,'rbs. ',' , ... Needlework, for G!rl.s.-'Io nem, ~eam, stItch, darn,worli Geography.-The relative POSItIO!1S, of ,the,.c.ollntr~!l!l,;al).p.L
,butt~p'hole~, ~~t~~r, .ani! .~Dlt.." ,r ',,: .. :. HI!"ir,c~pit\t}.s,;i t~9 pr~llcip!tI\.Il:lOunfa,ins.,riyers, and .' ' , ..... , ,,,... .... ,.' , lakes, of.the. world. . ... , ... ' ".," ' ...... .
. : 1i'::,I' ; l.lJeerl(e¥'.~"i!i,fo!: .Q/r,l·r:7;'J.9 4!!m;,ll,I).d s!l~m.n~!l-py.: .. a'n(fto' ,I' :":,.1," l' ;' . stltc .. hand.d~rn~ .. ' '1-, ," . fI " "".,'>,. : .
Class VI. . , Cla~s .YI. , ' .' Reading.~To read"a firw',i'ines of'poetr,y'from' the most
Average Age, u.nder F()u.·r·teen~ ._ .... _ ._It,g.YiLlll:;ed reading book uscd in the school, and to Reading and ExplanatiQn.-Any book or newspaper~-''''--~~~' comprehend the scnse of what is read. Dictalian.-From liny book or newspaper. h~' f'·. Spelling.-To write'correctly from dict.c1.tion a passage from Writing.-Mercantile writing. any reading book used in the school. Aritltmetw.-Vulgar and depjmal fraction,s, : :,' ,,,: '. : ..• : .:: ; ,r. Wr.it~'.!.I1'7TO,;~rite.l).e~tly large~ text, ,S!l1l1U;o1lI).d, r'~nnil}g" Gramma":':':Syntai; and pre:ti:~~? ,~1l9 affi;K!!!" an~. a¥!t!YSI1i:il ''t;\ ·r:.r :h(!'l\.dsrrWln,·.~he:cas.e -9f gIrls, large and text han~s
from Morell. not reqlllred.) Geography.-General1y of the world... , Arithmelic.-The compound rules, r'eduction, simple pro-Needleworlt.-Put work together, cut. out, and all plain portion, and practi~·:; ,\yith the four simple rules in
needlework.' .. dec!I)l!1~s.,." . " .' . . .. Grammar . ...:..To be able to parsc an orCIino.ry sentence, in '
.,i .. II.
""! • t." ... \ "., , l ""
.L· ' .... ','
:' t .\ .••
I " . {, ~
, ' .... 1),
'.'
:., •. cl~.d~ng ,8: C?1:!1I!1~.te'k!lowi~~g9· o.t ,the illflexions or , 'thc parts of speech." " . ,
Gqograp/ty . ...-;; 'J;h~ n!!LPs. Q! ~I!.f(?pe, ;tn~ A~s~rl..ll,ia ~~o.ro1fghlY., Ne~dlework,J~!' ptr{s,PT? ~er.n, s~al:!l; (lnd, s~ltch,,!'!eatly, •. 'work buttonholes, gatlier; {]a~?~ ~~¥ ~nolt, ' ..
---'--'--- ..... , ...... /
: I' "!',;: t ~, ' ~. ~ j f • j,
UPPER SIXTH CLASS.
Children' above·Pou.rteen. I Reading.-To read with fltiency:an ordinary book or news
papt"PlO..s"'iQ~IPo.e~rY.;, an~ u!Hl:.r~t,a~d.'.tq~ subjects ~ . rea '. I" " \' • ~ ~.. I
Spelling.~To·''write· 'from 'diCtation, 'with' correct 'sPelling and fair punctuation, anY,ordinary'parlLgi:a:ph from
;r.,. '''if':i"newspaperaf It, ;'>1,;:1 \!;"'iJ~"\ ':': : .J". --: •• ~
Writing.~To write the dictation iil'a fait'and'neat running . ! or mercan'tile hand: . .'. . " " ..
Al'itllmetic.-To proportion, simple and compinlnd, practice, .. , '" vu!g.ir 'and'decimal fnictions. ': ''''.'''' .
Gl'ammar.-Syntax, .and prefixes, affixes; roots, aud deriva-. • 'J !"tion's -'gi'ven in JI,'[orell, or 'cquivalent;and analysis Of
an easy sentence. ." GeographY.- Of the worl'd' gericml!y:' .. Needlework, for Girls,-To put work together,'illld do. any
kind of plain needlework,and darn and·knit. '
Any class may be. examined in a reading book higher than that sQt. forth, abo!.'!'!, at ~h~ dcs.lte Q,f. tbe tea,cher,an!i e~eh class • .' ..... I '" :. is'liable to'examination'in the subjects' ofhriy hi the'(;!dsses lielow'it:.!" I .;. :. ,: •• :, .,'
23
APPENDIX C. . """ • I, I
• S' i.,·,f
FIRST DIVISION OF COMPETENCY FOR HE,AD TEACHERS OF SCHOOLS IN WHICH ONE OR MORE ASSISTANTS A.RE EMPLOYED.
Reading.-To read fluently, and with proper expression and emphasis; both prose and poetry. Writing and Composition.-To be able to write from dictation, with correct spelling and punctuation, from an ordinary
book or newspaper, and to compose a short essay on some given subject from, or reproduce the substance of, some lesson in the Fourth or ,Fifth Book.
Grmnmar.-Morell's Grammar and Analysis. Geography.-Descriptive geography of the four continents, 'Australasia, and Victoria, and to have a fair knowledge
of the produets, governments, and manners of the various nations, and the mathematical and physical geography of Sullivan's" Geography Generalized," or equivalent.
Arithmetic.-The simple and compound rules, 'practicel ,proportio'n, interest, principles of mental arithmetic, vulgar and decimal fractions, elemcl!ts of book-keeping. Females to mental arithmetic only, inclusive.
Art of Teaclting,- ' , ," , " , Penmanship-To set fair copy head-lincs,.in large and small hands.
" " 'Time-table-To draw-up a time-table. Notes of a Lesson-To compose the notes of a l~sson., ,I.; ,
School Management--To answer questions in the methods of instruction and the organization of schools. To , understand class drilE" , 'To give 'a collective'lesson.-" , \, ' . ': .
Needlework,-Females to be able to cut out and do'any kind of plain needlework. . , , , ~ '. .,~.., .. . ~ \'
SECOND DIVISION",OF,-,COMPET'ENOY' FOR HEAD TEACHERS' OF ScnOOLS ni WIDOH :NO ,ASSISTAliTS UE EMPLOYED, AND FOR , J :' ",1 .". " " .' :, .. , , , ,AaSISTANT' TEACHERS.
Reading,-To read clearly, fluently, and with proper emphasis. , ' Writing and Composition.-'I'o write from memory neatly, 'with' correct 'grammar, spelling,' arid punctuation, the
substance of a short narrative read aloud. ..' :,' '(' Grammar,-To parse an easy sentep.ce,in prose. , " ",," :., '", ',. , Geography.-The elements of mat'Qeinatical and physical ,ge9gr~phy'; and the principal fe!).tJlres on"the maps of the
World"Europc, Australasia, and Victoria'.' .', ," , ' " l. '. " ,:' , ,:, , • .:','
.. - '" 'Arithmetic . ..!.. The simple ahd compound tules, 'practi'ce;' ptoportion;"pl'iilciples' of mental arithmetic, interest, vulgar ,and decimal fractions. Females,to mentaiarit}l!,netic only, inclusive. '" ,', .. ,:" " ,
, . 'Art of Teaclting,-To give a satisfactory lesson to a class in reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, or geography; to understand class drill,'" and to keep a class in order, attention, and activity. '
Needlework,-Females to be able to,cut out and do any kind of plain needlework •
• Knowledge of class drill is held to comprise ~ Abt.'Wy,oj it Teacner.-I.;When standing apart from his class (i.e., where he cannot touch tho scholars), by word of command alone, witp-out qxp~anation~. to move)t from the ~~lrs. into tbe.. body; of, th~ school .. ro0tI! and place it in a gall,ery, if there be one, Qr,.if not, replace it in the desks: :t:'To curry his C1889 (by word'of c~mmalld) throu.gh a set of e~tens~on ex.ercise-s# Also to ,he fully acquainted Witli an'd to put" cl.ss, tl1roughltlie1parts of' military squad drill named :helow, ",ud-described in the" Field Book, I 867," on'tbe pages specified ,-
II Attention," P.7 (the position of tbe SOldier). This exact positloI,l need not be minutely insisted upon. "To the right face," p. 14. "To the left face," p. IS. "Right about face," p, IS. H Front," p. IS, H HuH," p. z:%.. ,j Jlrfark time-quick,U p. 1.7. "Quick match," p. 'l.6. "Right close"-H Left close," p. -zS. "Dress,l> p. 3:'. ~'l::.ight ~l1ecl-in ;IDe,)1 p. 41. ., Left wheel-in tHe," p. 41. ,
, . i" •. ' ~ r -,.~ , ,;' •. ~ \} •
EXAMINATION FOR HONORS. , .' ;' SECOND CLAS,S,)Io,l\!,ORS." • ", ,_ '. ,
,;,l:i( .. ,M ales . .;.,.;.To have passedlat.arij{one' e:x:aminatioll!lat1the Melbourne' Uilivetsity:iil~ , 1. English and Logic, Part 1. . ,,: 2. Junior Latin, 3. Geometry and Trigonometry. 4- Also in allY one of the following' Bubjeets :-'- ' ,
Junior Greek. Algebra. Chemistry. Mineralogy, and Botany.',' _ r,'," • , ... Ancient History. .,', ~"... "--
Females.-To have passed as above m-
I"
. 1. English and Logic, Part I.; and also i~ tJlree 9~per sll;bj~cts" whi~h,ma:y be either any of those named . :'above;'or- LL' " ,'f ~ "1 ",' : . .. .: ., ... ~, t~, .) ,.
L '
(1.) French, (2.) German; (3.) History,
As in the MatricuJ.ation Examination, or""",: _ 'c'd 0'1 :' 14u~~c,~r7,. ~., .. 1: t "~. l ;,,' j. ,t . , •• ~
p ):p~jj,wil},g",viz., t~e Bo.ar.d~s ilxamiq~ti9n;for..1~.cense t9't~achtl1ese.subject8.
\. ,
Malell'-ETol~ahve ?d~Lt~~d'pS!tcond QIl!-ss Jionors,!,U,ld W. ha,ve,p!l~~eq'l~~ abov, e,in:-;-I. ng IS an ogle, art 2. ,~' t ~. '., - I -(".
2, Senior Latin . '~ , ':.' g. Algebra., . ' , , 4· A?d.one.other ,subject, which may be anY9f"the:silbjects;'elCcep~ Junior,Greek, above named for males,
I'i'",' ,:' whIch'lias not-,been already'takenup, or one of the following .::....!.I ", ,-" • Senior Greek. '
, .~Analytieal Geometry.,and Differential Calculus. Natural Philosophy. ' Comparative Anatomy and Zoology. Geology. " , " Histor)' of the British' Empire. Mixed Mathematics. '
.. , r;" ...
Political Economy.
24
Females to have obtained Second Class Honors, and to have passed inJ. English and J..ogic, Part 2 ; and-
2. ~ In three other subjects of those named above for males, or for females, other than English and Logic, 3· ) Part I, two of which have not been previously taken up. 4·
Applications for permission to attend the University Examination, at the reduced fee, must be made to the Secretary, on or ?efore, the 15th 'I)epte!pber and und January in.each year, on a form which will be supplied on application at the EducatIOn Office. !
APPENDIX D.
MUSIC AND DRAWING.
EXAMINATION OF TEACHERS OF MrcSIC AND DRAW1NG.-PROGRAl\[MES 0 EXAMINATION.
Certificates, will be granted to te~.cheJ's of mnsic and drawing upon examination. , Teachers will be classified in two divisions, viz., Second Division of Competency, First Division of Competency,
according to the details set forth in the following programmes :-
Programme of Examination of Teachers qf Music. Second Division.
Reading.-To read at sil;ht an exercise consisting of diatonic intervals, easy modulations only being admitted. Writing.-To write a short and simple passage composed of mininls sung in the presence of the candidate: Theory qf jrlusic.-Notation in the various clefs, time, accent, the major and minor scales, the common chord and its
inversions. Teaching.-To be able to teach a class properly.
First Division. R"ading.-To read at sight any ordinary passage from an oratorio or opera. Writing.-To write in correct time an ordinary passage from an oratorio or opera. -Theory of .1fusic.-To know the theory and practice of harmony and thorough bass, and to understand the formation
of the voice. Teaclting.-To be able to teach a class properly. To produce a class taught by the candidate for a period of twelve
months which shall pass a satisfactory examination.
Programme of Examination of Teachers of Drawing. Second Division:
Drawing from the Plat.":'" Pure outline of geometric form. Outline of human head. Drawing from the Round, with light and shade.-A. geometric solid. A group of common things, such as vases,
lamps, &c. ·Perspective.-An elementary knowledge. Practical Geometry.-Po]ygons, circle, ellipse. Teaching.-To be able to teach a class properly.
First Division. Drawing from tile Flat.-Pure outline of' geometric form. , Outline of human head. To copy a given lithograph. Draw~ng from the Round, with ligilt and slwde.-l'laster model of head, lland, or foot of human figure. Perspectioe.-.First six lessons of Burchet's Perspective, or its equivalent. Practical Geomftry.-Gleig's series, or its equivalent. Teaching.-To be able to teach a class properly, and to produce a class taught by the candidate for twelve months
which can pass a satisfactory examination.
APPENDIX E.
PROGRAMME 0]' SUBJECTS OF F ..... XAMINATION OF TEACHERS IN TRAINING.
Persons desirous of admission to training must be examined and pass in the following subjects:Reading, with tolerable fluency. Spelling, from dictation, with tolerable correctness. l'enmallsllip.-To write a fair running-hand. G:rallll1lar.-To know the parts of speech, the cases of nouns, and the tenses and moods of verbs. To know the
goyernment of the verb and the nominative,case, the verb and objeCtive case, and the syntax of adjectives. Geography.-The outlines of the map of the world. • Arithmetic,-Tlle fonr simple rules. TeaclLing.-To manifest some natural ability therein.
THIRD CLASS.-EQUIVALENT TO THE FIRST DIVISION OF CO)fPETENCY.
Reading.-To read fluently, and with proper emphasis and expression, both prose and poetry. Writing and Composition.-To bl; able to write from dictation, with correct spelling and punctnation, from an ordinary
book or newspaper, and to write plain prose upon a given subjeet. Penmansllip.-To set fair c'opy head-lines in large, round, and small hands, and to write a fair.running-hand. Orammar.-Morell's Grammar and Analysis. Geoqraphy.-To know the descriptive geography of the four continents and of Australia and Victoria; to have a
lair kuowledge of the products, governments, and manners of the various nations, and the mathematical and,physieal geography of Sullivan's "Geography Generalized." .
Arilhmetic.-A full knowledge, both theoretical and practical, with the elements of book-keeping. Sclwol Managemellt.-To answer questions in the methods of instruction and the organization of schools. To
understand cla8s drill. To give a collective lcsson. Needlework.-Femalell to be able to cut out and do any kind of plain needlework.
25
Music and Drawing.-Teachers will be required to manifest as good a knowledge of these subjects as their natural abilities will permit. They will be examined in the subjects set forth in Appendix D.
Attendance in Training.-One year's attendance at the Training Institution. To have spent during each six months of attendance at least forty days or eighty half-days in the practice of teaching, either in the Central schools or some other licensed practising school, as the Superintendent may have directed.
SECOND CLASS. To have passed for Third Class, and to obtain fifty per cent. of the marks given for each of the following additional
subjects :-English Structure and Etymology, with C!lmposition, including the study of some English classic to be named
from time to time, e.g, a book of Milton or a play of Shakespeare. ' Any two of the following subjects (the subject in which instruction shall be given to be fixed by ,the Board at the
commencement of each half-year) :-I. Physical Geography and Popular Astronomy. 2. Euclid, four books, and Algebra to Quadratic Equations. 3. Outlines of the History of England and Victoria. 4-. Physical Science, including-
Elementary Mechanics. Hydrostatics, and Pneumatics. Chemistrv (inorganic)-Light, Heat, and'Electricity.-Fownes' Manual, Parts I. and II., viz., to p. 4-°4. Botany (elementary)-Lindley. Geology and Mineralogy.
Attendance.-Six months' attendance at the Training Institution, in addition to the attendance required for the Third Class.
FIRST CLASS. To have passcd for the Third Class, and to obtain eighty per cent. of the marks given for the additional subjects set
forth for the Second Class. ' Attendance.-One year in the Training Institution, in addition to the attendance required for the Third Class. To
have spent during each six months of attendance at least forty days or eighty half-days in the practice of teaching, either in the Central schools or in some other practising school, as the Superintendent may have directed.
Students at present in training will be permitted to include the periods already spcnt by them in the Institution in computing the amount of attendance required for the different classes.
APPENDIX 1<'.
FORMS OF CERTIFICATES FOn. ORPHANS DESERTED AND DESTrrUTE CHILDREN.
FORM A I. (ORPHANS.)
I certify that To the Local Committee of School, No. ..
orphan ,and ha no means of paying the prescribed School Fees.
Signed by me {----- ii~ister of Religion} on .the day of 187.
No.
FORM A n. (DESERTED.)
No. To the Local Committee of SchOOl, No. I certify that deserted by h parents, and ha no means of paying the prescribed School Fees.
S' db { ---- J.P. } th d f 187 Igne y me ______ Minister of Religion on e 2y 0 •
Foml B. (DESTITUTE.)
No. To the Local Committee of School, No. r certify that the parents of are in indigent circumstances, and that they are unable to pay
the prescribed School Fees. . S' db { J.P. } th Igne y me _____ Minister o~ Religion on e day of 187 .
APPENDIX G.
INSTRUCTIONS TO INSPECTORS OF COMMON SCHOOLS. I. The year is divided into two terms, commenciog on 1St January and 1St July respectively. During each half-year ~
an average of 27 hours per week must be given, irrespective of all other work, to effective inspection in schools and the travelling necessary to pass frorp one school to another.
z. The schools a;e divided into three schedules-A. Schools accessible for inspection from home 'within the day. B. Schools accessible only on tours of inspection. C." ,Such distant and inaccessible schools as the Board may. from year to year, place in this schedule.
3· You will be required to visit and examine for results each school in your district once in each year, at the times specified in your programme. You will give at least two or three days' notice of such visits, specifyinO' if possible the exact day; and if, from bad weather or other reasonable CRuses, more children are absent from Sc1100! than is ordin~rily the case, you may allow the teacher two, or at most three, hours to assemble his scholars. You will, however, iu all such cases, assure yourself that those who are thus brought in are bona fide attendants of the school. You will not visit any school for results during the month of January.
4- You will also be required to pay an additional visit to, and report upon Form H, all schools in Schedules A and B. You will make these visits as unexpectedly as possible.
5· You will not omit visiting any school in your district in consequence of hearing reports that it bas been closed or withdrawn from its connection with the Board. You will go to the place and make enquiry into the circnmstances reporting upon them, and also upon the school and records so far as may be possible, which must also be done in the case 'of schools unexpectedly closed at the time of your visit. This rule will not, however, prevent your deferring or altering the time of your visit, should such a course appear deSirable, subject to the approval of the Board.
&~ K
{, "J 1 <!6;;S:chdbls~,in(;Sdieclure"G cneed/only be"visited ioIice;,in ·the'ly'ea:r;rtinle'ss"sjieciltl',iuStrlictitlitil'J.o"othe":contrary are r~ceived; but a complete inspection"in aadition"t6:tli~ ,exalhimition', :wm'ha"e;t6·be"made at' thatiVi~it."·b"';';J !i;',' ~':'ill;'<r,p ,~:!,' 7.: ,As ,llidI,1y',aJlJs,e~'ri}~i.b~'P.r~verite'd'~r:;X;i±ect~4: bi, iilCident~l :yi§lts' to, schools;' Y,Qtt'\'vilf lib 'tequit~d:to\llake. as mapy such a~ possnlle; ifotifig~pecially wh~ther 'former~sugg~ftioii~: ha:veb~en, atiJii'lieq:t"6, wq~the'!::fh'e :schprl're~ia~ ~re relIable and III proper order, an4 the Board's rules observ'ed, and 'reporting in' aU ea.ses on Forni'R 2, ',' " "" ! " '"
8. When, from unavoidable causes-and such must "be0Clearlj accounted for-you may not be able to complete the .~ljsp'ec.tipJ1.,o~ .. all;~.!\119,9Is':\v,ithin, t[\\! ~,elJ!l" you, wil)/,in, tlJee;,succeedjng {tel'lp, visit.!h9~e)i.rsHv hich may"have"beeJ;! 'so left in arrear, .Any departure from tIns rule,or'the eXIstence of arrears, unless accounted for as above will be regarded' as, It seriolls neglec~ of ~utj., ' .. I" , "'. . ' ' ,
,. 9, Yo,u will I]ot visit s,chools quriug,the'ordinaryvaCittibf! 'or bn~a,ny'lspecified .l1olidays;aud: you'w.iJl be required to 'malie your.selfJ,:l,cqufiiuted, 'in tbercase'of.everY'schOol"iri ~vliich~ the <lattei' fare observed; 'with"the'ihys'itllud'ell'to'/and to see that they are specified in the time-table. (The names of the holidays need not be entered' (the' d,iteswiIl' suffice,)
10, When two schools fire in the same house; or,immediateli,~o~tig40,us, you"should', ri';t:dei~r',;vi§itin);; the second , until Y,ou have completed your inspection of the first j bu't y,ou, shopld, pass: rapidly fl:oin ;on" ~o ,the"b,tli'c~; :reJ;i!aining in or _returnlllg afterwl1rds to the one you mean first to examine, ' ' , ,:.. ", " ,
II. You will be expected, consistently with the above'iristru,ctibnsj so to, arrange 'your ,trayeliiIig that the least possib,le;time ayaila\Jle for;inspectioll"way';,oeexpended .. hi~passing: frorn-csch901· ,t6_school,,, and",the :'most 'possihle to actual inspection. ' ,I " " ", '
, ' ,) .I,2, .9r~, ent~~,i,~.~ a. sch~?!, ~~~h ~ ,~,~ew to i~s iI:~~cction".and a:ft;er _,h3:vi~g ,!ntrod*c;,'d,' f~Jliiseli'tothe\.J?,ac, .. 'her, if a , stranger, or,-If'otlierwlse, haVIng BUltalily addressed.hIm.....:..!"'" ~' ""," 'C'," .... , ," "",' rr, .'," "-"', .", ,
(1.) You will note in the Inspector's Hegister thetime of your entrance, and, immediately before leaving, you willllote the time of your departure:' c" 1.' c' .. , '
'l ":,; ''';Ci;Y'-YcYu'\ sIlo bId oos'crve ,~hetlie~~- tne' b'usiiiess':'vhi~h\·is~~koiIigLob·: cbh'e~pohas;' wHnJj;H,at'hassig~edt. ,to. that • ' . " partjc~lar hou,r on the time-table, and gencrally w4ether the, course of instruction' siit"fortli:' on ;'ihat ! :.' ,',' " .• d?c.«ii,i~~t, i~ ;jhdi§i~u'sly, ar.~~hg~~, andabo.~e:al,l; wheUier:the ar:r!Ln~<lIiHqn:tS:~:vhicli':ifin~i~atel{are really
:. ... ~ ,,:;;:. ~ ,j " carrled out ln practIce: ... ' I '," • ( •• 'I •• ,.~I •• ,.J '''> '. (l J I;' .. ') , , 'I" H',) .•
• :., :" ,. I :, .' '", I :"'! . w." I ' ,,: ,. ';;" .:; Vi'~' ,I.;., . , (3,) You should then examine the records and_aqc~unts, and in every case where you 'bave reason 'to suspect
" ' '1>' ,', ..un,~ai,thf.ulne~s "or in9Pr:rectn;§~, ad0-!lt, th~ .mps~. ,~ifp.ct~,:e ,meaq~ ,11'\'. Y(jur . pO~'f~r, ,co!j!p,:Hjble"with due delIcacy 'towards the teacher, and Ins posltlOn,m relatIOn to:t]1e 'Chl,l,d,ren; to, aSfCe;rta,m-the na,ture and amoun~ of the irregularity. ' '
(4.) The state of the school ill regard to furniture and apparatus, and the supply of books, slates, and other requisites in the hands of-the.children.should,next,beattended to. '
(5.) Observation of the teaching, and generally of the tone and spirit pervading the school, should follow; also, wh"ther the bearing, rnanner~. an~ language of the teacher, l}is command over his pupils, and their deportment towards him, be such'us oughtto be'observed,
(6,),:q;t~ing .. pr,qpa;'9,<).,.Or • .,i! ~~.i!l, h~~_ fiee~ dop~ '~~. t.b,~, teacher, reyised" ~h,~)J,!!t of, ~lfi~dr,en,_~~u should next ,! .. , proceed,wlth, the 'exummatlOn. ..1 < ,"" , "", ',' " ''',. '.' ';'" ,
(7.) Observation and enquiries needc(i,for the)pur9ly stat!stical part of your report, also as to the nature and state of repairs o,f t\le buildings and furniture, nature and, amou,nt of !,xtra instruction given to pupil-
• i. .': ;, "r teache~~ o:finonitors,Jl.,nd other matters for tbe eorilpletio'n' of your report, should be made_ at such times ,. , aftei-'ilie exanliha,tion, anC! in such order, a's may be most convenient. ' , "'."
N.B:~When the vlsit'isifor,!'lxat1:1,i!)iLtiop for ~es~1ts.oniy',:~llicl{'of.the.ab'oV:e will be omitted; hut the time-table, accounts, and rec9rds should nlways be examined, and anything ih them, or otherwise in .connection with the school, which may call for special remark, shonld be reported on Form R 2.
13. In your intercourse with' the teache,rs y,ou are to t1'eat tllem,with the utmost kindness and respect, counselling them privntely on whatever you may deem 'defective' C!r fitUlty,' but 'by no means addressing them authoritatively or animadverting on their condiH)t,,jrhthe hearing of the pupils. ,ITlo; the, pupils ;also-,y'ou:,are to exhibit a considerate .. al'd
.afi'eCt,iomlte inaiiner,'e~reful)y;gul:!iding,against peevishness;'sharshness,!oritlbrnptness in your communications,w,ith them; and shoul.l thc exercise of discipline be necessary, it sho,uld .in'l':!!rial;>ly, he through the teacher.
, 14. l\fter' the inspecti~h, 'Y01I !wi/!';point out.aud explain-to-the teach~;' any faults and deficiencies you may have observed,ltlHl will gcm;rally advise him where necessary and desirable, marking in the Inspector's Register such entries as may be required for the [4uidance of the teach.er, or fbI' yourown,infol'mation at subsequent visits. This will he independent of the summary forwarded to the Correspondent from the office.,
IS, You will report to the Bo!,rd the res'uit of each ihspe!!tiori wjthin.r0urte~n days of its being made; you will use every care and diligence in'rtscertaining the state of instruction,: disciplin'etorgallization,-and the methods pursued in eve':i:y
,schoor'youfihspect,'-a:ildlj'du Will record'thih'esultS'bh forms GVH, or H 2, '" ': .•• 0, .,,': !"j' ~')fJ~ ';', ','"v" ~
16. In pedoTtnance of your duty asJnspector of ,ColI)lI!on §ch()ols under the Board of Education, you will 'bear in mind that 'the:Board's super-illtende!)ce,e,xtends oQly'oo ,the temporal regulation and secull1r efficiency of schools. You will therefore carefully avoid all interference or expression of opinion either to the teacher or local committee respecting their
'arrangements, if they have any, for imparting religious instruction. 17, You will be careful, however,-to .. report, to the .. Board" withQut delay, any infraction of the XI. section of the'
Common Schools Act. 18, You will enquire into,and report on applicati~Hl~.for.aid,to, new schOOlS, and special references at such times as
the course of your inspection brings you into the .neigHborhood in' question, unless you arc specially instructed to pay an earlier visit. '
19, When anplicationslf6r;.r:iid,to'mew ,sdiools 'are,!,refei:red' to , you,'yoU:',are to',nive;an' interview with the applicant, '.:, " ,and" .al~'1',<;orm1U,n.ic<lte"i'it[,t"~lle,,.in.h~bJt,aQt!,.,i,n,.the 'H~jg]J.borhqod, ',witR;.,a ,:vic~ ,0f .. a~ceJ:t!1iniQg,. th~ir" 9pil,lions on the
ap plJ.c!lti O\/. fi [id"v;;h.etl}~r'i~h!,:Y )!~r¢ '!!I}Y'iarJ:dl~h!~t;,.q bj'1sti,?l)s:,thereto., In,r,eportmgon,new,'l!choo1s,you .~;ill use,oth.~ ,forms contained in :Appendix ]'; , ' ," ': ' ! ".'
7.0. You will supply the Board of Educat~on with such information,respecFpg localiti0s in.y!?ur,dist,ri<O~iaS ,they may from time to time req1lire, and act as th~ir agent5n',all,n)fl:tter~ ,i,rp:.hich ,theY',ma)(, empl0Y:,xou1:, P!ltJ9l,l,a!.e. not invested with authority to decide upon any questlOn aifectmg the establ!~~lmeF!t of, or wltht!ra\va19~'!lId frpm" a,Colllmpn schooL
21. Y ou',will,keep nrdiarYtqf: al!iour,t:ransactions; in ,cbnnection:with·tbe iBoard;,ajcopy,~of ~w.hiblfryou)will forward 'Wcckly (i,e" on Sil-~ur~ay.)J? t9qpfficen~\1 ~1\e;,(onn"sHP,p!i'l,~:by: therB,on,rd:, , , • ,L - , -,..~ Ad 1';'';-' ::,:'~. ::
• ,"; 22;', At ,the' end"Qf, en;ch,yearl..youlw:ih,pr~l,!are;all':<arinlln;l'r~l:ort;up.on th~coriditio~ -Of ed?-cation!!u!~ur,;distiicf;'wliich "will,. uttthe discretioricoi\:.thli:Board, bet,publisJied (IS, an' A:ppendl",.to,theu·· Annual' Rcportn '" .'er' :1I"';;.1C fJt\~ , ·u.b !UJJ'<',
,', , 23. 'Iuc~cil' ,y~at, yori wm~a£Lepil'at tl\e'o'ffiee'of the~ Board;~ith'a yiqw 'of! co@'e:i'rr~i'~'Jtli"~h~, 6fher,r9fJ:i~etg:Ofthe " Boarthfp'on' tl{e 'improverrients \'Vhich miglit Be'maae in' Iliatters pertaining to illspeetion,gimerl111y.' , ":".,' .... ' ,,,
. . ,. ..... ""Hl,~l,'I~lu."1I:rfn;l<I,!~. ~/"'r"J
24. You will not leavfl your djstrict without the permission of the ,Board. 25, You are expected to avoi~ all indi~creet iliscnssi?li of .re~jgiou,sr,01'.'p'',?liti<,al-:~uhje~,~s, ',I:!,nd;~crupulously';to avoid
everything crucul!lted t<;r. !e!!.sen C?!lfidence III y,our own,lmpartla.lIty, or de!ractJroIll, the mfluence of the Board under which j'oU: are 'employed. ' , " . ',", " , ,
, 26, .In all Y9\lr.o.(;;ro.sp~n'~J:ln~e' ~~ifQ, t~e 9fJ:ice: ,,<:beth~r 'empl0I~;n1\{drawi?~' up: Y:9ui 'o,~di!?~~J; repo~ts,or ,~aking 'out .: returns, of .wl)~tl'y'er){i!!~,(3'o,u. ~llQul(keJ!:P.\'~ss, y,qur,s<?Jtw:!tl;lcle~rn~ssiaDd pr~pslQnj ~Ild:lI:l.,plall,! u,ndJepbl'2: hand;yritiug,
and all statistical returns'should be,c(l.reful,ly «4ec,ked" ' .' " , , ' ,', '. '. !,' ': ," ,', ,; ,f.' " ~;.;:"r,,' ',' ,
27
APPENDIX H.
I.-AppAR..<l.TUS REQUIRED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN BONUSES FOR L--;-STRUCTION IN GYMNASTICS.
I. A climbing apparatus consisting of, at least-Two straight poles, Two straight ropes, One pair. of double poles, slanting, not less than 15 feet in height.
2. A horizontal bar, 6 feet 6 inches long, movable from 5 feet to 6 feet 6 inches above ground. 3. A vaulting bar, movable from 2 feet 6 inches to 5 feet 6 inches above ground, and not less than 8 feet long. 4. Two wooden standards, with holes every tvro inches .from 18 inches to 6 feet above the ground, for the practice of
jumping height. 5. A spring~board and a storming-board.
The cost of an erection like that above proposed would vary, according to local circumstances, from £10 to £15.
n.-IN ANY SCHOOL DESIRING TO CLAIM THE HIGHEST IJONUS, THE FOLLOWING .A.IlDITIONAL APPARATUS WILL BE REQUIRED, VIZ.:-
A pair of rings. . A horizontal ladder, A round swing or giant stride,
to the value of about £10 to £12. added to the above.
RULES for Distribution of a/ Special Vote of Parliament fm· Rural Schools in sparsely populated districts, where the average attendance of twenty Ohildren required by the Common Schools Act cannot be mairntained.-January 1870.
1. In thinly popUlated districts th~ Board of Education may grant aid by way of salary to a teacher, who shall give instruction in one or two schools as the requirements of the locality may necessitate. No aid will be granted towards building or furniture.
2. Where insLruction is only given in one school there must be not less than four hours' instruction during each day, Saturdays excepted, in the subjects contained ill the programme, AppendiX B of the General Regulations of the Board. .
3. In the case of Half-time sohools the teacher will be expected to divide his time between the schools under his charge with the view of effecting the greatest amount of good. It is recommended that he devote two and a half hours each day to the teaching of each school; but should any other arrangement be found more suitable, sueh may be ~~dopted, the sanotion of the Board having previously been obtained.
4. Where the~e is one school the average must not be less than fifteen, and where there ~re two the average at eaoh must not be less than ten. • I
5. The attendance will be recorded'in the Ol'dinary roll and fee sheets, which will be supplied. No other records need be kept, exoept the Inspeotor's Register, in whioh the Inspeetor alone will mllke entries. The Inspector will, when he visits the school, forward t2 the office the roll sheets' for the previous halfyear or half-years. Salaries will be paid monthly, when returns of the attendancc will be furnished on abstracts being provided.
6. The fees to be paid by the parents or guardians of scholars will be at the rates allowed in ordinary Common schools.
7. Salaries may be granted at the following rates :-
If classified undcr the Board If unclassified
Ma.les. £55
45
Females. ... £50
40
and at the Inspector's annual visit for examination under programme a bonus, vary~ng from £2 to £IO, may be awarded according to the nature of the Inspcctor's mport.
8. As to age, moral character, and agreements with teachers, Nos. 83 aud 84 of the General Regulations must be complied with.
9. A correspondent must be appointed to certify the returns, visit the schools, and cOITespond with the Board. Where thcre arc two schools undel; one teacher the same correspondent must act for both.
10. The Board expect that the residents in localities where aid to these schools may be granted will treat tlte teachers liberally in providing them with house accommodation free or at a nominal cost, in furnishing them with rations in bush districts, or in other ways as may be in their power. Wltere the teacher has charge of two schools means of locomotion should be provided.
'29
APPENDIX 110
INSPECT I ON.
GENERAL REPORTS :fOR THE YEAR 1870 FROM THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL AND INSPECTORS.
(I.)-CONTENTS OF INSPECTORS' REPORTS. • i
R. HALE BUDD, ESQ., B.A., CANTAD., INSPECTOR-GENERAL. Examinations, 37-Changes recommended, 37-Training Institution, 37-Improvement suggested, 37-Distribution of result
money, 38-Fl'equent changes of allotments, 38-COnvel'sion of non-vested into vested schools, 38-Reduction in number of schools. 38-Misapprehensions, 39-Reduction in number of schools does not entail a reduction of annual expenditure, 39-Tenure of school property, 39-Interests of teachers, 39-Iuterests of localities. 39-Religious difficulty, 39-Real educational difficulty, 40-Reduction of schools, 40-Establishment of new schools, 40-Remedy suggested, 40.
JOSEPH GEARY, ESQ., ORGANIZING INSPECTOR, WESTERN DISTRICT.
I New schools,4I-Wcstcrn district,41-Half-time schools, 4I-Increase of schools, 4I-School buildings, 4I-Furniture, &c .• 4I-Military drill, 4I-Discipline, 4I-Organization, 4I-Time tables, 4I-Methods of instruction, 4I-Age test forresults, 42-Free children, 42-Statistics, 42-Suggestions as to educational affairs, 42-Secularism,42-Establishment of State schools, 42-Rural school system, 42..:...I ... ocal committees, 42..
G. WILSON BROWN, ESQ., B.A., CANTAB., ORGANIZING INSPECTOR, METROPOLITAN NO.3. Occupation of time, 42-Amount of inspection,43-Advance in proficiency of schools, 43-Work done in schools, 43-
Result system, 43-Instruction, 43-Teachers, 43-School buildings, 43-Accommodation, 43-Deficiencies in school equipment, 43-Discipline, 43-Gymnastics, 43-School hours, 44-School accounts, 44-Rural schools, 44-Music and drawing, 44.
HARRY AUGUSTUS SASSE, ESQ., B.A., MELBOURNE, FIRST-CLASS INSPECTOR, METROPOLITAN No. I.
Buildings, 44-Apparatus and furniture, 44-0rganization, 44-Discipline, 44-Methods, 44-Instruction, 44-Rhymes and Needlework, 45-Classification, 45.
JOHN SIRCOM, ESQ., FIRST-CLASS INSPECTOR, )'fETROPOLITAN NO.2. Inspection,45-Distribution of time, 45-Monthly examinations, 45-Number of schools little increased,45-Amalgama
• tion, 45-Improvement in buildings, 45-Pupil-teacher,:system, 45-Results, 46-0rganization, 46-Instruction, 46-. Teachers, 46-Country schools: attendance, 46-Discipline, 46-Schoolhouses private property, 46.
JOHN MAIN, ESQ., FIRST-CLASS INSPECTOR, GEELONG DISTRICT. Inspection, 46-State of education,46-School buildings, 46-Classification, 46-Instruction, 46-Infant departments, 46-
Discipline, 47-Moral discipline, 47-Teachers, 47-Schoolrecords, 47-Local committees, 77.
JOHN SIMEON EL:K:Dl'GTON, ESQ., B.A" MELBOURNE, ~ECOND-CLASS INSPECTOR, CASTLE MAINE DISTRICT.
Boroughs. 47-Shires and road districts, 47-Schools in operation, 47-Schools discontinued, 48-New schools, 48-Schools destroyed, 48-Old buildings replaced and to be replaced, 48-AccommOdation, 48-Wants of district, 48-Divisions of district, 48-Teachers, 48-Results, 49-Public examinations, 49-Instruction, 49-General considerations, 50.
THOMAS BOLAM, ESQ., SECOND-CLASS INSPECTOR, SANDHURST DiSTRICT.
Summary of worl!;, 51-Schools in. district, 5I-~ur~1 schools, 52-N:w ):)Uilding~, ,52-Scl100.1S .st:uck off the rolls, 52-AmalgamatlOn, 52-InstructIon, 52-0rgamzahon, 52-Value oflllCldental VISIt~, 52-DlSciphne, 52-Teachers 52-Pupil teachers, 52-Results, 52-Destitute children, 52-Conclusion, 52. ' .
THO~IAS BRODRIBB, ESQ., M.A., LONDON, SECOND-CLASS INSPECTOR, EASTERN DISTRICT.
Duties, 52-Condition Of. ~istri~t, 52-~uill.iing8, 52-ltural ~chools, 53-Local committees, 53-Teachers, 53-Instruction, &c., 53-TechnologICal IllstructlOn, 54-Local educatIOnal boards, 54-Pension fund for teachers 55-Amalgama-tion, 55-Miscellaneous, 56. '
CHAIU,ES A. TOPP, ESQ., M.A., LL.B., MELBOURNE, ACTING INSPECTOR FOR BALLARAT DISTRICT.
Remarks as to work, 56-:Ne~ schools, &c., 56-;-Teachers .an~ pupil-teacher~, 56-Buildings, 56-Furniture, 57-Instruction and ~esult examma~IOn, 57-:Gymnastics, 57-Smgmg and ~r~wml?' 57-~echnological instruction, 57-Local commIttees, 57-DestItute certIficates a~d free scholars, 58-ReligIOUS IDstructlOn, 58-Private schools, 58.
<> 30'
(z.)-INDEX TO INSPECTORS' REPORT8.
A. Barkstead: Accounts, New school (No, 985). Elkington, 48.
Carelessness in keeping school accounts IIlCreases'ihe Baynton,' labor of inspection. Brown, 44. , ~ew school (No. 960). Elkington, 48.
Inspectors should not re-examine carelessly k~p(books.: !, Board '~f Examiners " , at intervals of less than three months. Brown, 44· Inspector-General appointed chairman. lnspector-
Still incorrectly kept. 'Sircom, 45· , General, 37. General account book troublesome to teachers. Main, 47· Time spent in Board of Examiner.!" work. Brow:n, 42~
Age, . J,' Boots Gully: Average age of classes in many cases higher, than ..... '-" New school (No. 993). Elkington, 48.
prescribed by the Board. GearY,41. . Age·test for results too low. Geary, 42. Buildings. See School Buildings. Age test has not caused so much reduction,in·'I8?o,as,~ .. ,., ~ , c
. f
in 1869. Brown, 43. Misclassification difficult to detrot, Bro1Vn, 43· • ",', c' -- F< b II' f' k S h I ( 6 ) Classification on age clogs·a,'.class ... 'SaSsej'45.u.. _. 'c., '. ~ \Jamp e "',-,,ree . c 00._ I 0 !
Under present system there is a disposition to classify , .. -~h'ymes well taught •. Elkington, 50.
C.
on age t.o avoid the operation of rule.34, Sasse,45· Campbell's (}reek School (145) : The ques.tlO~ o~ age cannot be .sett!e?,.~lll ~ompJlIsory,.. I . Discontinue~. ,Elkington, 48. I
educatIOn IS mtroduced. Sasse,45. ,. - ,,- .. " • , . ' . . • ,"" 1" d t' 1 'ke"" 1- ble"'" 1 .. Castlemame D,str,ct :. " " ~ _ -, .' .. "ll. ,,"ompn sory; e uca Ion a one can .ma .age a re la 'J "" , DO> , . -t'" . ·J·t ···f • ·(ll't· "'d"" .. ~- t. E'l'k" m' '8' ,,' Ie" t'f 1- ·fi· t' ,',S 8e- S"L" '-.. , " ,1s,tr1c COnS1S so Clgl cen lv~s~ons.: ,m",on,4· .. :: ,e men 0 e aSSl ca IOn. I, as. ,4 " .. ,', •. f .. ' , ','List of boioughs,~'shires,an'drroad' dist'ricts therein, " '. Ag~element,affora.s trouble.', ,S~rcom, 46. . '; ,:"',,., - . "Elkington '47." .,'" ..-:,: ... : ... 1.' •. : " .. Strmgency,;of ru'le:as·to :age has;,ca\l~ed'·mlsclaSSlfica-'''''l '!'t· . '~St" i" . '£ 't· '. d'." 'i' in"'t' . 'f'; ''Elk' . t 8
,Aion;; Main} 46':;.... '''' ~:" -, . ....... . ',' '. ..,; . a emen .a reqUlremen SOlS. rIC. mg ,on, 4 . The age test leads to undue multiplication of classes. Castlemaine School (119):
Main, 46. . ," , Rhymes well taught. Elkington, 50. The ag~ test ~orr~sults p;ess~shea~ily: ,~.~larn, ?2:. . .. , rCa~tler:'p:i1}e .SfMol(I~9)~:, ,.' '''I Somethlllg nnght- be done to, meet .cases . where. age. .. .. ,." Dlilcoritmued; 'Elkmgton, 48 .... ' .'
materially reduces results. Bolam, 52. ' . . A l " " if '" h 1 ".' .'1'._." Chemistry: ....,. ..:;,
ma gtimatlOn 0 oC 00 s:' " '-" ,- '.' , I:, <1 •. SIiould form a subjecf·o'(instqlctioii;-,. Elkington, 7. ,I Difficulties in:cohnection w:itlichahges·ofrion-vested.,i; ::'r: --:., Brodriob; 54. - , ,.J" .,,' '. :' .' ,,', .! .
to vested schools operate in cases of ,amalgamation;' . Inspector-General, 38• Chewton:
Teachers' opposition to amalgamation most powerful." '., ·Old-school to be replaced with new vested one. Inspector-General, 40, . '. Elkington, 48•
The opposition of'the inhabitants isse·cond;"Inspector.:'·· ." Chinilillan's Cl'eeli} , II. .,,, "
. General, 40.. , .: .''.'''' ' J ; ... ;: " " .',.:.!U:.v01d school·,to be replaced .. ·w,i!h ',new) vested: one: , Third is tile. religious OPP(lsition"-Only'manifested f)' ;:-,,~ ·Elkingfon,·",8. ", :>:.
I -where' RomaD' Catholic schools are affected. In- ~ ":"i::liu~;;"'i Flat'S~"I~~l tI2l') ;" . ," spector-General, 40. . ., d' Elk'
Rights of subscribers merge into those of inhabitants. Burnt own. ' mgtoll, 48·
."''',. I'
Inspector-General,40, Classification of Pupils: The question oJ amalgamation is' .doJIlinitnt. S!!~~e, 45;; !}en(lrally satisfactory;·· ··.GearY';'fi"" ';'. " ';' ;" .•
, Amalgamation ,vii! 'increase proficiency. Sasse,-45. ' Generally understood, but Dot properly carried out. ;.' Amalgamationnot'efi'ccted:' Sircom·,45., "f' ' •• , ',; Sasse,4S: . ". .' r " .' .'
Amalgamation effected in some instances. Bolam, 52. A child should· not, be' promoted until' .. he can pass Atlvantages of amalgamation visible. Bolam, 52. fairly in the subjects he has been taught. Sasse, 45. , Advantages of amalgamation are palpable, Broddbb, Geherally children can be proIDoted one class each
A~~igamation moofed'in Beechwoith. Biodflbb, ~5. "" . ~!f:;'to ~~::iut~~ity of atte~d!i~ce of children above A, ',.' .' ,". , ... ·1 . 'third"class;tbey are not; suffiCieiitly- p'ro.ficient·for , na"zes: "". \ ' l ' .
New school-house to be:e~ectea .. 'Main;·-}6. '- ,.,:.; . d'thei'rage:: 'Sasse, 4'5. '. "~'" , '': • ',--- Classification.'on age 'clogs'8: class.' ·SaSser5. ' .
Anderson·.~ Creek School (I2) : Classification according to proficiency tends to raise Not twice inspected. Sircom,45, average age of a class. Sasse, 45.
Apparatus. See Furniture·andApp'arq.tus~ To counterbalance this, teachers push up young . children, which exhausts them. Sasse,45 ..
ApplicatiotlS for Aid: : '. . ,,; :. . :'> , :' It'is bet~e.r to'lose:res'rilts than (0 mrsclas.sify!'l3asse,45~ Ten granted. Geary, 4I..,·' ; .... ,',: '.'- '.;. :., . ... .:~. 1'i.ge cillJ"only,'be made 'Ib:eliil.ble-element·of classifica-Several under consiGeration. Geary 41. Bolam,51. -Applications received from Arthur's Creek and Fern- tion by the introduction of compulsory education.
shaw. Sircom, 45. Sasse, 45 . . Applications-for aid' numerous.! ,Brodfihb; 5'2.' ~: ..... ':;:' :i;, Age element affords)trouble."Sircom, 46.- ./ " 1
. ,Iii a'fe'iV schools cliissifi~a't'i6n~i§ defective': 'Main: 46. Applications for aid in Ballarat district. Topp, 56." ", :.',. . MisclassificatioIJ caused by stringen~y of rule as to age:
Arithmetic: .. .: "f' \ ' ••. : •. : i, , Main' '46:. , .... .' : :. ,;1.,.' :,.' ,,' " •. "
" Variou'('Qletl]odsiOf; imparting' instructioIH.described. ,:.!. ),:i'i;r. ';:M:is·cllis'sificati5i:J'r shouid:<' 'i:H'i\:(~everefy'''dealt with. Geary, 4i:·· -" ,," .:: ,,' , _, '. . ,r;:LI ,.,., ':Main; 46. " . ' :"; " -.'
Errors in mode of instruction. Brown, 43 ; Main,46• Better classification will incrcase percentages. Elking-Attendance: tori, 49·
Can only be ~ns-qre.d b'y a comp~l~ory sy~t~rm §asJ1e,!l-5;, .' ,_ _ :~~er:;:i~:a t.~nde~?y,:to clas~ify:. on age. Topp, 57· School at Roddle:s Creek ,fallen thro~gli fo~ w~t. of .'. ,qOTfl1!f,titiv~\Exa;"fi,,!ati~n.8 L •..• ,,~\ ..• _ \' .. ; .:. . "'. .,,' .. attend<~!lce ... Suco,m,.45. ~_ ~.' ". '.\ • :... .. :,: ' ',I. - "P)1Plic cofripe.~Itiy'e'i'x.l!-mmat\!:tn~'of:p~P'IJS)9f·dlfi'erent Attendancea~ <;ountry schools ,ls.\css',than:.shoiild 00'" .. ~~ ,:'.:.:' ~cho'ol$ shoul'dbJh'eld:'~ElkJn'g'toiJ;149:' "',~ ':
exp~cted, SI;com, +6. . ' ~,c·J '. '. : 1',:1' A:gficulturalsocieties'ri:light assist."-Elkihgtbn, 49. To thIS cause IS attributed the feelmg III favor of The institution of such examinations would evoke a
compulsory educati?ll •. Sircom, 46. _. .. --'-: _ .. -. ,-- ~eater love of learning than compulsory education, Absentees from e::camm.atlOl,l fOl:me?, ~Ieve~p.er c,e!!t.; , " ,"'.-1 "_". ~lkillgtgn; 49.:.. '; . ··,1.~:·, ,',\ ,.,.i .,
'of the 'number liable for exammatlOn, ElKlDgton,49' .... . , \ NumberofchildrenllotattendingsehoqLE)k~ngtqn,5?·.,f:J : .. Co.T(l.puI8ory;Ed~~ation,: .:, .. ::, ';.; .. "':.:.' '. ''1'
InSfa.Ilces·Qf.pegle~ted !,cho(jlirig. 'i.l1JIJr:ing~on! 59:.,:: ~.l_;" ' .. ' ,'-, R!=lllark~ on the.f'r)1ssiaJ! sys~eI;Il",: geary, H,_ Causes of neglect. Elkington, 50. . " 'I'he only means to "nsUl:c;;.attc!1gailce ..... Sa~se,:.45: Means must be used to enforce attendance. Bolam 52. lncreased feeling in favor of compulsory education due The attendance of free pupils is irregular. -Topp, 58. ", to small attendance at country schools. Sircom,46.
.B. Ballarat Distde!:; : J __ :" ....
New SfhQOls, .Sc,c,: \r,oPP,,56• ,'oj
Summ,~rYJ9f .. wor~'l\ J.'QPP; 5§":'
Competitive examinations more beneficial than com-" , pulsory education. "Elkington;' 49 .. I. ,... • '
... .'Fel:~ should be abolish,ed,. and 'll. i'!\'!hopl r:a~e struck Jf '! _. educatioQ be made com,p)ll~p"y.'1 ;E.1kjng~o)l .. 5 I.
e.. ." I, ." 'Attendance at school must be enforci'Jd; ;Bolam, 52.