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第二十八期  Issue No.28 4/2012

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It has always been the aim of the Green Cross Group to

organize programs for updating the public on current issues

and developments in the field of

Occupational Safety and Health. To

share with the members on the UK’s

experiences in the Sickness Absence

System, the Green Cross Group invited

Professor Dame Carol Black, the British

National Director for Health and

Work, to introduce the 2011 British

government’s policy review on the

current sickness absence system.

The exper ience shar ing seminar

took place on 24 May 2011. It was

informative and was well attended by

participants across various professions.

「綠十字會」一直致力為市民大眾安排內容豐富的活動，使大家都能了解當前在職業安全及健康方面的最新課題和發展。 為 此，「 綠 十 字 會」舉 辦

「英國職業健康與重返工作之經驗分享會」，並邀請了英國國家健康及工作首任總監兼教授嘉露•布萊克女爵士為大家介紹英國政府在2011年推行人民健康新制度的進展，尤其是英國政府在因病缺勤這方面的政策修訂和檢討。

是次分享會於2011年5月24日舉行，講座內容充實豐富，吸引各界專業人士踴躍出席。

英國國家健康及工作首任總監兼教授嘉露•布萊克女爵士於分享會上，介紹及分析職業健康在英國發展的最新形勢和未來路向。In the seminar, Professor Dame Carol Black, UK National Director for Health and Work introduces the latest development and strategies on occupational health in UK.

職業健康及因病缺勤的制度－英國的經驗與心得Occupational Health and Sickness Absence System – United Kingdom’s Experience

With the fast pace of life in Hong Kong, people tend to

overlook their health easily. To develop one’s potential at

work and excel in the career, one’s good health is one of the

determining factors. For this reason, the Occupational Safety &

Health Council actively promotes the importance of health at

work, by educating the employees to sustain their both physical

and mental health and encouraging the employers to improve

the occupational health standards for the organization providing

a healthier working environment. In this issue, we will explore

the issue of occupational health and how to deal with work

stress positively. We will also introduce the OSHC OSH Academy,

which is located at Chung Mei Road, Tsing Yi.

香港生活節奏緊張，在職人士為應付繁忙的

工作，往往忽略身體健康。要在工作上發揮

潛能，令事業發展更上一層樓，健康是取得

成功的關鍵要素之一。職業安全健康局積極

推廣職業健康的訊息，希望在職人士能夠關

注自己的身心健康，更鼓勵僱主提升企業機

構的職業健康水平，為員工提供更健康的工

作環境。今期《縱橫》將探討有關職業健康及

正面處理工作壓力的課題，並會介紹職安局

位於青衣涌美路之職安健學院。

關注職業健康為僱主和僱員締造雙贏的局面

Implement occupational health at workCreate a win-win situation for both employers and employees

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背景資料數據顯示，英國的勞動人口有4,000萬，可是

實際工作的人口只有百分之70（2,800萬），其

餘的都是依賴英國的福利系統而生存。整個社

會受到生產力萎縮和縮減醫療經費所拖累。故

此，關於人民健康條例的修訂也就應運而生。

改革的目的是減少長期病患和失業人口為國家

帶來的經濟和社會負擔，並與管理完善的企業

建立夥伴關係，推廣健康和關心僱員，從而提

高生產力，讓整個社會得益。

需要關注的事項為了達到以上的目的，我們要關注以下的事

項，例如：從文化和行為上的改變，使人們

正確地認識到健康和工作既是相關連，也是

相互依賴的；促進醫生和僱主建立更緊密的

夥伴關係；建立一套完善的職業健康國家標

準；為醫生和僱主提供支援、教育和培訓；

以「健康便條」取代病假紙（傳統的病假紙主

要着眼在僱員不能擔任哪些工作，而「健康便

條」卻聚焦在僱員可以擔任的工作）；致力於

研究人們因非健康理由而缺勤的背後因由；

以及實行試驗計劃支援上述各項。

實行了一年的「健康便條」「健康便條」已經實行了一年，醫生們現在

在給病人發出證明時會考慮病人是否可以做

兼職工作、逐漸地恢復全職工作、在家裡工

作、享有彈性的上班時間、轉換工作，或僱

主如何能改善工作環境來支持員工復工等。

雖然現在越來越多的僱主習慣採用「健康便

條」，可是政府估計仍需要5年時間才足夠為

「健康便條」文化的普及及發展打下堅實的基

礎。

其他相關服務與「健康便條」一起推行的還有兩項在檢討中

的服務。其中一項是「適合工作評估試驗計

劃」；另一項是「國家職業健康諮詢服務」。

The BackgroundS t a t i s t i c s s h o w t h a t

out of the 40 million

people who are capable

of work, only 70% (28

million) of them are in

employment. For the rest

of them, they depend

on the UK’s welfare

system. The whole society

suffered due to reduced

productivity and less funding to maintain the health of citizens.

Therefore, the overall goal for this policy change was to reduce

the economic and social burdens of long-term sickness and

unemployment. Partner with well-managed organizations to

promote health and care for their employees, and thus they will

contribute to increase productivity and the society as a whole.

Issues Under AttentionIn order to achieve the above, there are many issues that need

to be dealt with, including: a change in cultural attitudes and

behaviours to recognize that health and work are related

and inter-dependent; a closer relationship between general

practitioners (GP) and employers; the establishment of a national

standard for Occupational Health; to provide support, education

and training for both employers and GPs; the abolishment of

the sickness certificate and the launch of the Fit Note (doctor’s

statement of Fitness for Work); conduct research on non-medical

reasons that hinder people from returning to the workforce and

to launch pilot services to support the above.

The Fit Note One Year OnThe launching of the one-year Fit Note program meant that a

GP now needs to consider and assess if a person can perform

part-time work, have a phased return to work, work from home,

needs more flexible working hours, needs to take on different

tasks, or if the employer needs to modify the workplace to

accommodate the employee’s return to work. More and more

employers are getting accustomed to the Fit Note but the

Authority estimates that it will take 5 years for this culture to be

embedded permanently.

Other Related ServicesAlong with the Fit Note, two other services were being reviewed.

One is the ’Fit for Work Service Pilot’ and the other is the

’National Occupational Health Advice Service’.

參加者均十分專注地聆聽布萊克教授的講解。Participants are very attentive to Professor Black’s speech.

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「適合工作評估試驗計劃」向個人提供早期

的健康、治療和工作支援服務，涵蓋範圍包

括：債務、住屋、學習和技能，以及和僱主

的聯繫及協調等，確保能夠及時為個案分析

問題癥結，並轉介他們到適當的服務。現在

全英國共有11個地方推行試驗計劃，針對僱

員不同的需要而提供度身訂做的服務，已成

為這個計劃的重點項目。

另外，「國家職業健康諮詢服務」是一個熱線

服務，由受過專業精神健康訓練的顧問為僱

主和醫生提供專業、度身訂造的精神健康諮

詢服務。到目前為止，使用這項服務的醫生

為數不多，但這項服務卻受到僱主廣泛的歡

迎和採用。

除了上述的服務外，新的職業健康標準已在

2010年1月份推出，而針對職業健康服務供

應商的認證計劃也於2011年推出了。服務供

應商需要每5年重新獲取認證。

布 萊 克 教 授 指 出 在4月 份 出 版 了 一 份 關 於

2011年因病缺勤和復康計劃的調查報告。調

查結果顯示缺勤的情況持續下降，但缺勤的

原因和以前分別不大（包括：精神問題、肌肉

筋骨勞損及慢性疾病等）。越來越多的企業協

助員工開展復康計劃，超過三分之一的企業

更為員工提供醫療服務；當中實行「健康便

條」便是其中一個開展復康服務的

好方法。

下一步？重新檢討因病缺勤系統將會發現更

多需要結構性改革和管理的地方，

進而增加在職人士的數目及為社會

的持續經濟發展作出貢獻。另外要

做的是全面減少因病缺勤體系的開

支，並且讓國家和僱主共同分擔一

個合理的開支比例。

The ’Fit for Work Service

P i l o t ’ c o - o r d i n a t e s

early health, treatment

and work support for

ind iv idua l s , inc lud ing

debt, housing, learning

and skills, employer liaison

and conciliation work, and

problem identification

with rapid referrals. There

are 11 pilot schemes across

Great Britain and case management is a key component of the

scheme.

The ’Occupational Health Advice Service’ is a hotline providing

both employers and GPs with tailored occupational health

advice, given by advisers with special training in mental health.

So far, few GPs have used the line, but it has seen wide adoption

by employers.

In addition to the above, a set of new occupational health

standards was published in January 2010 and an accreditation

scheme was launched in 2011 for OH providers. To stay

accredited, OH providers need to be re-accredited every 5 years.

Professor Black stated that, a Sickness Absence and Rehabilitation

Survey 2011 was published in April. The key findings of the

survey indicated that absences continue to drop but the primary

causes of absences remain (i.e. mental problems, musculoskeletal

disorders and chronic disease), more businesses are removing

barriers to rehabilitation and more than a third provided private

treatment and the implementation of the Fit Note Program is a

good start.

What’s Next?T h e r e v i e w o f t h e s i c k n e s s

absence system will explore many

options for structural reform and

management, to increase the

number of people in employment

and contributing to sustainable

economic growth. Another task is

to reduce the overall cost of the

sickness absence system and to

balance costs shared between the

Nation and employers.

參加者對這次的討論很感興趣，踴躍發問。Participants show considerable interests in the topic and many questions are raised from the floor.

提問環節由職安局成員郭富超博士主持。Dr Kwok Fu Chiu, member of the OSHC, hosted the question and answer session.

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工作壓力管理培訓課程Preventive Stress Management Workshop

綠十字會於2011年8月至11月期間展開「工

作壓力管理夥伴計劃」，為會員提供相關培訓

和服務，不但促進機構對工作壓力管理的認

識，而且所建議的管理工作壓力的方法，可

有效提升企業員工的職業健康。為配合這個

計劃，綠十字會於2011年10月6日及10月10

日為會員舉辦了為期兩天的「工作壓力管理培

訓課程」，並邀請到註冊心理學家（工業及組

織心理學）黃子健先生擔任導師。

是次課程的主題為「預防性壓力管理」，重點

講授正向心理學的概念，教導學員在面對壓

力時，如何提升自我的心理質素。導師首先

邀請學員分享開心與傷心的事，再為學員分

析從正反兩面看事物對生活帶來的影響，從

而引導學員保持正面態度是提升正面情感、

The Green Cross Group ran the ‘Partnership Scheme for

Work Stress Management’ from August to November 2011 to

provide training and services to members. This scheme aims to

enhance the knowledge of work-related stress management of

participating organizations, and to improve the occupational

health of corporate employees through recommended stress

management techniques. The Green Cross Group held a

‘Preventive Stress Management Workshop’ that lasted for

two days, on 6 October and 10 October 2011. Mr Wong Chi

Kin, a registered psychologist (industrial and organizational

psychology), was the trainer of the workshop.

The topic of this workshop was ‘Preventive

Stress Management’. It aimed to introduce

the concept of posit ive psychology

and teach trainees to improve their

psychological quality. At the beginning, the

trainer invited trainees to share some happy

and unhappy moments. Then, the trainer

analysed with trainees the impact on their

lives from a positive and negative point of

view. This helped trainees to understand

that keeping a positive attitude was an

important factor in maximizing positive

affect and achieving happiness. After that,

through a series of games and real life

examples, the trainer delivered the message

that enhancing psychological quality was the only path to

happiness.

Besides, the trainer conducted a life satisfaction survey among

trainees and concluded that happiness could bring satisfaction.

The survey also led to thoughts about how to lead a happier

life. Trainees completed a self-assessment exercise showing many

註冊心理學家黃子健先生教導學員在面對壓力時，如何提升自我的心理質素。Mr Wong Chi Kin, a registered psychologist, taught trainees to improve their psychological quality.

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獲取快樂的重要元素。然後，導師通過遊戲

和生活中的一些真實例子等，帶出只有提升

個人心理質素，才能擁有快樂。

此外，導師又通過問卷了解學員對生命的滿

意度，帶出快樂可帶來更多的滿足感，以及

思考如何可以活得更快樂。同時，導師帶領

學員進行自我評估練習，分析快樂的因素眾

多，而且是因人而異的，並視乎當時的社會

政治、經濟環境等因素而

定。結果顯示大部分學員快

樂主要來自健康、和諧家庭

關係及經濟穩定等因素。

除了個案分析、問卷調查和

自我評估外，導師也講解了

兩個相關理論。第一個是馬

思勞的「需求層次理論」；

第二個是羅杰斯的「人本主

義論」。

導師進一步以「參考群體」

和「比較相近群體」為例，指出應以背景相近

的群體作出客觀而適當的比較，才容易獲得

正面情感。導師並以「需要」與「渴求」對應法

指導學員，無論是工作還是日常生活，都要

懂得放下一些非必要的負擔和責任。

課程是理論與實踐並重，除了講解以上的參

考理論外，導師也教導學員運用鬆弛法，在

面對壓力時能在短時間內處理負面情緒。遇

到壓力時，學員可停止對外界事物的詮釋，

使心神不致被外界所牽動。詳細方法是，當

factors leading to happiness, varying from person to person. It

also depended on such factors as socio-political and economic

environments at that time. The result showed that most trainees’

happiness come from health, a harmonious relationship with

their family, and economic stability.

Other than case studies, questionnaires and self-assessments, the

trainer also explained two related theories. The first one was

Abraham Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ and the second theory

was Carl Rogers’ ‘Humanistic Approach’.

The trainer also took a

‘reference group’ and

a ‘comparatively similar

group’ as examples, and

stated that one could

achieve happiness easily

if one compares oneself

objectively with those

of a similar background.

Trainees were also taught

h o w t o m a t c h t h e i r

‘needs’ and ‘wants’. One

should learn to put away

unnecessary burdens and

responsibilities in daily life or at work.

The workshop emphasized both theory and practice. In addition

to the reference theories mentioned above, the trainer also

taught trainees to handle negative emotions efficiently with

relaxation techniques when facing stress. One instructed

technique is to avoid thinking about unrelated issues in stressful

moment to prevent their mind from being interfered with by

unimportant issues. The detailed technique was as follows:

When encountering a stressful situation, trainees should try to

close their eyes, focus on their breathing, or sit in meditation

so as to make the mind calm down. Then, they can pay careful

attention to their body, understand the reason behind their

導師通過問卷了解學員對生命的滿意度，帶出快樂可帶來更多的滿足感，以及思考如何可以活得更快樂。The trainer conducted a life satisfaction survey among trainees and concluded that happiness could bring satisfaction. The survey also led to thoughts about how to lead a happier life.

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遇到煩惱時，嘗試閉上雙眼，先透過呼吸，

或打坐讓心神定下來，再留意身體各部分的

變化，了解箇中的原因及症狀，從而找出解

決方法。假若這套方法都未能發揮效用，應

找心理治療師或臨床心理學家協助，避免負

面情緒持續下去而導致心理失常。

最後，他提醒學員，雖然這套小技巧有助避

免負面情感從而獲得快樂，但也要留意各人

對正面情感的定義和理解都不同，所以獲得

快樂的途徑也不同。針對此點，他教導學員

反問自己現時有什麼會令你快樂、現時缺乏

什麼可引致快樂、你能否促進個人快樂和促

進快樂是否包括成本效益等問題，從而檢視

自我是否快樂，再嘗試在生活中找出自我快

樂的泉源。

參加課程的學員來自不同行業和機構。當他

們完成兩天的課程，並通過考試後，便可拿

取相關證書。從事行政工作的岑先生表示，

課程結合不同理論，能從多角度認識自我、

工作上所面對的壓力、處理壓力的迫切性，

以及學懂紓緩壓力的技巧，如呼吸鬆弛法，

當中正向心理學對他幫助最大。

從事機電工程的翁先生指出，他學習到如何

運用減壓運動，紓緩工作壓力。課程實用之

餘，也着重學員與導師的互動，活動的教學

模式為課堂增添趣味。從事安全健康相關工

作的石先生指出，由於他經常需要接觸不同

的人；因此，情緒控制的問題便成為工作上

的一大挑戰。課程所提及的減壓方法如減壓

操，對其工作很有幫助。

stress and come up with a solution. If this method does not help,

one should consult a psychotherapist or a clinical psychologist

to avoid the continuation of such negative emotions, which can

cause psychological disorders.

Finally, the trainees were reminded that although this technique

can help them to avoid negative emotions and achieve

happiness, they have to be aware that everybody’s definition and

understanding of positive feelings can be different. Therefore,

the way to achieve happiness varies from person to person.

Trainees were taught to ask themselves a series of questions:

What do they have on hand that leads to their happiness?

What do they have to lose in order to gain happiness? Can they

promote their own personal happiness? Are there any cost-

effectiveness issues in the promotion of personal happiness?

Through answering these questions, trainees can discover

whether they are happy or not, and identify the sources of

happiness in their lives.

The participants of the workshop were from different industries

and organizations. They could receive certificates after

completing this two-day workshop and passing the examination.

Mr Shum, who works in the administrative field, said that the

workshop adapted different theories, helping him to understand

himself, the work stress he was tackling and the urgency of

handling stress from multiple angles. He also learnt different

techniques to relieve stress, such as breathing relaxation

techniques, whereas positive psychology was the most helpful to

him.

Mr Ong, who works in the electrical and mechanical engineering

field, said that he learnt how to make use of stress-relieving

exercises to reduce work stress. The workshop was not just

practical, but also emphasized interactions between the trainer

and trainees. The activity approach also made the workshop

more interesting. Mr Shek, a safety and health practitioner,

said that emotion control was a major challenge to him as his

work needed to encounter different people. The stress-relieving

techniques mentioned in the workshop, such as stress-relieving

exercises, were very useful.

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職業 安 全健康局致力提高香港的職 安 健 水平，以保障寶貴的人力資源。在勞工 及 福 利局、 勞 工處、 房 屋署、消防處及其他政府部門的大力支持和協助下，職安局「職安健學院」已於2011年8月11日正式啟用，學院的啟用有助於提升香港職安健訓練的教學質素、擴闊及強化各項職安健服務。

新學院的啟用為職安健教育揭開新的一頁外，亦標誌着各項職安健發展及服務邁進一個新里程。職安健學院座落於青衣涌美路62號，鄰近長康邨，原為青衣公立小學，樓高六層，面積5,000平方米，經改建後成為職安健學院，提供更多的場地及發展空間作職安健培訓、宣傳、研究、資訊及其他用途，可為各行各業舉辦講座、分享活動及工作坊等；企業機構及公眾人士可在學院獲得最新和最實用的職安健知識，為建立安全文化打下堅實的基礎。

新學院設有多個互動教室、不同類別的實習訓練場地及模擬多個工種的工作環境，以配合不同行業課程的教學需要，除了有助提高教學質素，也能讓學員在實踐中學習。如燒焊工作安全訓練和防火及處理危險品安全訓練。

在整體上，學院加強現有叉式剷車操作、密閉空間工作、氣體焊接、高空工作、裝修維修等課程的實務訓練，包括新增的叉式剷車模擬駕駛訓練，利用新開發的一套叉式剷車安全操作電腦模擬學習套件和系統，讓學員可以在課堂上，透過模擬畫面，獲得更豐富的內容和更深刻的體驗。

The Occupational Safety and Health Council (OSHC) is always strived to raising occupational safety and health standards in Hong Kong for safeguarding our most valuable human resources. With the generous support and assistance from the Labour and Welfare Bureau, the Labour Department, the Housing Department, the Fire Services Department, and other governmental departments, the OSHC OSH Academy was opened on 11 August 2011, to improve the quality of OSH education and training, and to broaden and strengthen the scope of OSH services in Hong Kong.

The Academy has added an exceptional milestone in OSH education history, a new page that signifies the Hong Kong OSH excellence. The Academy was recently refurbished from the Tsing Yi Public school and designed specifically for OSH training purposes. It locates at 62 Chung Mei Road, Tsing Yi near Cheung Hong Estate and covers an area of 5,000 square metres. The new Academy provides more space and areas for OSH training, promotion, research, information and more. It also provides spacious and comfortable venues for the organisation of OSH seminars, experience-sharing activities and workshops. Organizations and the public can readily access to practical and up-to-date OSH information through the Academy, which in turn lays a solid foundation for the development of a safety culture in the community.

The Academy houses a number of interactive classrooms, practical training rooms to meet the diverse needs of the industries. Apart from enhancing teaching and learning quality, these new facilities also offer a practical environment for the trainees to gain in-class experiences. Common programmes with practical training sessions include welding and flame cutting safety, fire prevention and safe handling of dangerous goods.

On top of this, the Academy strengthens and consolidates the existing training programmes regarding forklift truck operation, working in confined space, gas welding, working at height and the repair, maintenance, alteration and addition (RMAA) works. The 3D forklift truck simulator in the Academy, represents the latest advancement for providing virtual reality-based forklift training in Hong Kong. The simulator delivers an immersive safety training experience suitable for new or experienced forklift operators. Through the interactive, virtual reality-based

張局長在模擬廚師的工作環境作示範。Mr Matthew Cheung, GBS, JP, Secretary for Labour and Welfare, is demonstrating in the simulated work environment for cooks.

新「職安健學院」的啟用為職安健教育揭開新的一頁A new ‘OSH Academy’, a new chapter in OSH education

8

另外，在防火及處理危險品安全訓練方面，

亦增設了電子模擬火焰作為使用滅火筒訓練

其中一環，務求配合積極開發互動電子學習

平台，把資訊科技應用到課程學習，緊貼電

子學習的大趨勢。至於工作健康的訓練，更

增設了醫療培訓及全方位健康推廣中心，內

設有健康檢查區，讓學員能夠量度測試健康

指標，提升學員對職業健康的意識。

除了提升教學設施、增加課室的數量和增設

特別用途教室及訓練場地外，學院亦設有「職

安健資訊中心」，為學員及公眾免費提供一站

式的職安健資訊，包括各國最新法例、參考

書、刊物、影片及多媒體產品等。我們歡迎

有興趣的企業機構、政府、僱主、僱員和專

業學術團體及學校到訪「職安健學院」，務求

讓學院成為業界互相借鑑及研究的基地。

simulation, the trainees have the opportunity to consolidate their learning experience.

Furthermore, in the fire prevention and handling o f d a n g e r o u s g o o d s programmes, a digital fire fighting simulator has been introduced as part of the fire extinguisher

training. This is in line with the OSHC’s vision in developing an interactive OSH e-learning platform, which aims to integrate information technology into OSH training and keep pace with the global e-learning trends. Regarding occupational health training, the Academy has recently introduced a series of health service training programmes and established the ’Health Services Training and Total Health Promotion Centre’. It includes an interactive health check station where trainees can make a number of biometric measurements, raising the trainee’s awareness on occupational health.

Apart from upgrading teaching facilities, such as providing additional classrooms, practical training rooms and grounds, an “OSH Information Centre” has been set up in the Academy to provide trainees and the general public with an one-stop, free OSH information service, including the latest safety and health legislations in different countries, reference books, publications, videos and multi-media products. Any organization, governmental bodies, employers, employees, professional and academics with the expression of interest are all welcome to visit the OSH Academy, making it as one of the leading OSH platform for benchmarking and information exchange in Hong Kong.

電子考試系統可縮減改卷時間，更可將資料數據作詳細分析。Electronic examination systems can shorten marking time and relevant data can be used for detailed analysis.

各嘉賓被密閉空間安全訓練場的設備所吸引。Guests show interest in the equipment in the confined spaces safety training area.

《縱橫》乃是職業安全健康局編印之雙語期刊，其中的訪問文章內容，並不代表職業安全健康局之意見，本局恕不承擔任何責任。

”OSH Link” is a bilingual newsletter published by the Occupational Safety & Health Council. The Council accepts no responsibility for any views expressed in any articles published in the ”OSH Link”.

中國香港北角馬寶道28號華匯中心19樓19/F, China United Centre, 28 Marble Road, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China電話Tel: (852) 2739 9377 傳真Fax: (852) 2739 9779電郵Email: oshc@oshc.org.hk 網址Website: www.oshc.org.hk

© 2012 Occupational Safety & Health Council 職業安全健康局 4/2012(1)

職安局職安健學院 OSHC OSH Academy新界青衣涌美路62號（近長康邨康盛樓）62 Chung Mei Road, Tsing Yi, New Territories (Near Hong Shing House of Cheung Hong Estate)電話 Tel: 3106 2000 傳真 Fax: 3106 0022 電郵 Email: trg@oshc.org.hk

辦公時間 Office Hours:星期一至五 Monday to Friday: 09:00-18:30 星期六 Saturday: 09:00-12:00星期日及公眾假期 Sundays & Public Holidays: 休息 Closed