ocari : o ptimization of ad-hoc communications for ... · 1. context and objectives industrial...

OCARI : Optimization of Ad-hoc Communications for Industrial Networks

http://ocari.org

Projet No. ANR-06-TCOM-025

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

http://ocari.org

ETSI M2M Workshop

19-20 October 2010

1. Context and objectives� Industrial requirements and challenges� Technologies and market� Objectives� OCARI partners

2. Description of the OCARI stack� OCARI network� Estimation of node residual energy

Outline

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Estimation of node residual energy� MACARI: medium access� EOLSR: energy-efficient routing� SERENA: node activity scheduling

3. Demonstrators� MACARI+SERENA+EOLSR� GMOCARI: global middleware

4. Conclusion & perspectives

Slide 2OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010

1.Context & objectives :

industrial needs,

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

industrial needs,

challenges


Segmentation of industrial requirements

Challenge of low power

Sensors « pilotage »

Continuous monitoringMeasures in hostile environment

10 s

1 s

Quasi continous

Sending frequency

RP Beacons

Sur chantier

DéplacementInter-chantier

Teledosimetry Instrum. mobile check

Gamma ray monitoring

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

101 h

1 min

10 s

1 week 80 days 18 months N x 18 months

Targeted autonomy

Fast configuration

Electrical alimentation

MobilityDomain « static sensors"

Valves

Cadenasélectronique

Transmetteurs fixessur fins de course

Building monitoring

« Performances »

sensorsDomain "mobility":

• High frequency • Mobility in the plant• Fast configuration

RP BeaconsInter-chantier

OCARI


Teledosimeter

personal & mobile

Radiameter

Phone DECT

Controled area

Coordinator of

Example 1: supervision of radioprotection

Coordinator of an OCARI star (battery)

Coordinator of an OCARI star (battery)Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Supervision room for radioprotection

• ~ 50 sensors (mobile &fixed ) distributed in an area of 40m diameter

• 1 sample./5s, few bytes /sensor

• Time constrained and delivery guarantee

Coordinator of an OCARI star (battery)

Coordinateur of an OCARI network

Slide 5

(battery)Coordinator of an OCARI star (battery)

(battery)

Coordinateur of an OCARI network

Electromagnetic Electromagnetic

OCARI – ETSI M2M Workshop – 19-20 October 2010

Example 2: predictive maintenance of a ship

� Up to 400 parameters per compartment & 4 measure points per square meter

� Vibration analysis� Measure of pression, temperature &

throughput � Analysis of oil…

Integration in a constrained environnement:

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Integration in a constrained environnement:� Temperature : Turbine gaz – CEI 60068� Electromagnetic compatibility : Radar,

warfare devices– STANAG 4436, 4435, 4437

� Electromagnetic discretion: TEMPEST rules

� Metalic channels with fluids


Challenges & choice of a mesh topology

• Efficiency in time and space

• Scalability and mobility

• Delay tolerant & asynchronous delivery for a destination temporarily out of coverage area

• Time contrainted vs « duty cycle » & energy consumption

• Network lifetime maximization with battery-

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

• Network lifetime maximization with battery-operated routers

• Dimensioning and deployment toolsChoice of a mesh topology because:�Time & space efficiency of the frequency spectrum�Transport capacity (bits/m/s) proportional to

Slide 7

N


1. Context & objectives :

technology & market

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

technology & market


No solution on the market for the identified needs

Many proprietary technologies: EnOcean, Z-Wave, SensiNet, HomeRider, SmartDust, MeshScape, Xanadu-Wireless/Green Peak…

Existing standards:But no global support of the three needs:

� Mobility

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

(Source : www.isa.org)

� Determinism� Low power


1. Context & objectives :

objectives

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

objectives


Objectives :� Technical feasibility of industrial wireless sensor

networks providing :

� Time-constrained medium access (soft real-time),

� Micro mobility of some nodes,

� Scalability & self-healing

� Energy and spectrum efficiency

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Energy and spectrum efficiency

� To contribute to the emergence of an open

standard designed for industrial environments

with higher performances than the market offer

for wireless sensor networks


Sector: Energy and continuous process

Modeling of energy constraints

Routing

Medium access

OCARI Partners

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Sector: navy defense

Provider of RF devices & ZigBee stack developer

Medium access


2. Description of the

OCARI stack

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

OCARI stack

Optimisation des Communications Ad-hoc pour les Réseaux Industriels29 juin 2010 Slide 13

OCARI network

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10


OCARI Stack

Projet OCARIManagement

Device Object

Energy Service

NwCARI

Application Support (APS) Layer

Application Framework

NDE-SAP

MD

O +

Ene

rgy

Pub

lic I

nter

face

s

AP

SME

-SA

P

ESP

N-

SAP

APSDE-SAP

4 -

20 m A

R S 2 3 2

I /

O

A N A L O G

APSDE-SAP

APSDE-SAP

APSDE-SAP

Control Traffic Unconstrained User traffic

APSDE-SAP

Application Layer

Energy efficient routing

supports node

API for network management (LQI, RSSI, residual energy level…)

ZigBee “application object “

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Service Provider

Physical (PHY) Layer

2.4 GHz Radio

MaCARI

NM

E-

SAP

PDE-SAP PME-SAP

High Layers

OCARI Layers OCARI interface

Application Profiles

MDE-SAP

High Layers Interface

MME-SAP

MaC

AR

IME

- SA

P

ESP

M-

SAP

EOLSR

SERENA

Constrained User Traffic

Tree Relaying

Network Creation Address

Allocation Association

Control

Unicast routing according to EOLSR table

Broadcast routing according to MPRs

Estimator of node residual

energy

mobility & avoids interferences

IEEE 802.15.4 Radio

Slide 15

Controls the medium access supporting time-constrained

traffic & initializes the network


Estimation of node residual energy

Management

DeviceObject

Energy Service

NwCARI



NDE-SAP

MDO + EnergyPublic Interfaces

APSME-SAP

ESPN-SAP

APSDE-SAP

4-20mA

RS232

I/O

ANALOG

APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP APSDE-SAP

Control TrafficUnconstrained User traffic

Unicast routing according to Broadcast routing according to MPRs

APSDE-SAP

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Service Provider


2.4 GHz Radio

MaCARI

NME-SAP

PDE-SAP PME-SAP

High Layers



MDE-SAP


MME-SAP

MaCARIME-SAP

ESPM-SAP

EOLSRSERENA


Tree Relaying

Network Creation

Address AllocationAssociation Control



SERENA EOLSR


� Modeling of :� Energy consumed by a transmission (sending, receiving and

overhearing)

� Battery of a sensor node to estimate its residual energy

� Estimation of residual energy by the battery voltage

Goals of the energy estimator

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Battery modeling [Rakhmatov 03, Rong 03]


ττττσ τβ deidit tm

m

tt )(

100

22

)(2)()( −−+∞

=∑ ∫∫ +=

inadequate for alkaline batteries

too complexfor implementation in a sensor node

� Reduction of resources needed by the model

� Computation is simplified:

• limited development

� Reduction of memory size:

• time intervals

How to adapt the model to sensors

∆⋅= nLn

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Slide 18

� Recursive model

� Takes into account the temperature factor

),,(2)()( 11

1

11

1−−

−

=−

=

++

−+= ∑∑ nnnnnk

n

kknk

n

kkn LLLAIILIL δδσλδσ


Accuracy of the battery model

� Simulation� Comparison with the DUALFOIL simulator

Current, mA DUALFOIL Linear model E % Recursive model E %

20 18156 20140 10,92 19116 5,28

40 9249 10291 11,26 9751 5,42

60 6203 6911 11,41 6537 5,38

80 4664 5203 11,55 4912 5,31

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Slide 19

80 4664 5203 11,55 4912 5,31

100 3737 4171 11,62 3932 5,21

� Real discharges� Comparison with a prototype

Current x Cycle Measuredlifetime

Linear model E % Recursive model E %

100 mA x 50 % 3255 3600 10,59 3541,2 8,7

100 mA x 10 % 10332 18000 74 9751 14


MaCARI: medium access control in OCARI

Management

DeviceObject

Energy Service Provider

NwCARI



NDE-SAP


APSME-SAP

ESPN-SAP

APSDE-SAP

4-20mA

RS232

I/O

ANALOG




APSDE-SAP

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10Physical (PHY) Layer

2.4 GHz Radio

MaCARI

NME-SAP

PDE-SAP PME-SAP

High Layers



MDE-SAP


MME-SAP

MaCARIME-SAP

ESPM-SAP

EOLSRSERENA


Tree Relaying

Network Creation





Objectives of MaCARI

� Provides a MAC layer

� Supporting two types of traffic� Time-constrained� Time-unconstrained

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Ensuring a deterministic medium access

� Saving energy of all entities (sensors as well as coordinators)

� Supporting hundred nodes per island

� Reusing the PHY layer at 2.4GHz of IEEE 802.15.4


Principles of MaCARI

� Tree topology with a CPAN :

synchro scheduled activities unscheduled activities inactivity synchro

T0 T1 T2 T3 T0

A

A

B C

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

synchro

scheduled activities

unscheduled activities

AB

C

CB

A

A, B, C

Cascad of sequential beacons

Sequential activation of stars : data gathering & parent-child relaying

Simultaneous activation of coordinators


MaCARI : Sequential activition of stars in [T1, T2]

� Stars are activated sequentially

� At the end of the activation period, data are forwarded to the parent in the tree

� Intra-star traffic :

� Two QoS are offered:

1. Unconstrained traffic (best effort mode ) : slotted CSMA/CA

– Traffic between coordinators in [T2-T3] (SERENA + EOLSR)

2. Time-constrained traffic (deterministic access ) : GTS

– Traffic between coordinators in [T1-T2] Exchanges between a parent

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

– Traffic between coordinators in [T1-T2] Exchanges between a parent and its children

– Several options of GTS

• Definition of areservation level adaptedto the appli needs : GTSn + PDS

T0 T1 T2 T3

intra-star trafficExchanges Parent-Child

slotted CSMA/CA QoS #1GTS

QoS #2


MaCARI: Results

� Simulations� Optimization of synchronization� Dimensionning� Simulations show that MaCARI outperforms slotted CSMA/CA

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Prototyping� General functioning: synchronization� Implementation of GTS, GTSn, PDS� Allows us to select representative simulation parameters

� Deployment in a mine


Energy efficient routing & node activity scheduling

Management

DeviceObject


NwCARI



NDE-SAP


APSME-SAP

ESPN-SAP

APSDE-SAP

4-20mA

RS232

I/O

ANALOG




APSDE-SAP

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10Physical (PHY) Layer

2.4 GHz Radio

MaCARI

NME-SAP

PDE-SAP PME-SAP

High Layers



MDE-SAP


MME-SAP

MaCARIME-SAP

ESPM-SAP

EOLSRSERENA


Tree Relaying

Network Creation




SERENA EOLSR


Objectives of the network layer

Network layer

� Provides a multi-hop communication while maximizing network lifetime� Adaptive and energy efficient routing : EOLSR� Node activity scheduling: SERENA

� Supports two types of traffic� time-contrained traffic: relaying at level 2� uncontrained traffic: routing at level 3

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� uncontrained traffic: routing at level 3� Supports the mobility of some nodes

State Power value (W)

802.11 802.15.4

Transmit 1.3 0.1404

Receive 0.9 0.1404

Idle 0.74 0.0018

Sleep 0.047 0.000018


Energy efficient routing Node activity scheduling

Energy efficiency

EOLSR SERENA

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Energy efficiency

Transfer optimization Topology control

EOLSR+SERENA


EOLSR : an energy-efficient routing

EOLSR : the energy efficient extension of the OLSR routing protocol

� Neighborhood discovery� Topology dissemination

Goals:

� Minimize the energy consumed by the end-to-end transmission of a

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Minimize the energy consumed by the end-to-end transmission of a packet

� Balance the residual energy of nodes� Avoid nodes with a low residual energy� Reduce the routing overhead


EOLSR consists of 4 modules

1. Energy cost of a transmission

� Cost (transmission by i) = Etrans + n * Ercv

2. Selection of EMPRs: Energy efficient MultiPointRelays

� Intermediate nodes in the computed routes2 43 1

EOLSR: an energy-efficient routing

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

3. Routing algorithm

� Selection of routes according to the energy consumed by an end-to-end transmission

4. Optimized broadcasts� Network broadcasts consume many resources

� the number of retransmissions must be minimized


How to reduce the overhead of EOLSR

� Cross-layering with the application� Use the information coming from the application and

the lower layers to optimize the resource utilization and protocols performances

� Definition of application profiles� general mode

EOLSR: an energy efficient routing

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� strategic mode for data gathering appli.– maintain only useful routes

(routes toward the strategic nodes)


� SERENA based on node coloring� Two nodes with the same color transmit simultaneously without interfering

� Assignation of time slot according to the color of the node

SERENA: node activity scheduling

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Cross-layering with the application� general mode � data gathering mode collecte� transmission types


Gain

SERENA +EOLSR

� Optimize the utilization of network resources

� Bandwidth: spatial reuse

� Time– Reduction of the activity period

Increase of the supported traffic

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Increase of the supported traffic

– Minimization of data gathering delay– Better time consistency of collected data

� Energy– Reduction of consumed energy– Increase of network lifetime

Inactivité

Activité


3. OCARI demonstrators

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10


Demonstrator of EOLSR + SERENA +MaCARI

Management

DeviceObject


NwCARI



NDE-SAP

MDO + EnergyPublic

Interfaces

APSME-SAP

ESPN-SAP

APSDE-SAP

4-

20mA

RS232

I/O

ANALOG




APSDE-SAP

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

TELIT


2.4 GHz Radio

MaCARI

NME-SAP

PDE-SAP PME-SAP

High Layers



MDE-SAP


MME-SAP

MaCARIME-SAP

ESPM-SAP

EOLSRSERENA


Tree Relaying

Network Creation




SERENA EOLSR


�Goals of the demonstrator� Check that two nodes with

the same color can transmit simultaneously without interfering

�Configuration� 6 nodes using 5 colors.

Demonstrator of SERENA + MaCARI

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� 6 nodes using 5 colors. Color 4 is used by nodes 2 and 18

� Slot of color 4 appears 830ms after the last beacon

�Interpretation� Nodes 2 and 18 transmit in

the same slot.


� Objectives

� Check that in OCARI, two nodes with the same color can transmit simultaneously without interfering

� Evaluate performance� Study the impact of cross-layering (data gathering profile)� Study the impact of unidirectional links

Simulation of EOLSR + SERENA + MaCARI

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

� Color conflict� Two nodes of the same color prevent the destination from receiving

correctly a message destinated to it because of a collision

� If only links meeting the following inequation are usedreceived power > reception threshold + capture threshold,no color conflict is detected in all tested configurations


� Example of simulated configuration for data gathering by node 0

Simulations of EOLSR + SERENA + MaCARI

Network- 49 nodes- density 8

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

LIMOS

� Data gathering delays obtained for a network of 49 nodes, density 8, cycle duration = 4s, 1 packet/5s/node

Simulations of EOLSR + SERENA + MaCARI

Coloring data gathering

Coloring general mode

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

High improvement brought by cross-layering


Demonstrator of EOLSR + SERENA + MaCARI

• Implementation integrating MaCARI + SERENA + EOLSR

Liaison RF IEEE-802.15.4

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Slide 39

Carte Telit B2400ZB-Tiny

Liaison RS232

Carte Telit B2400ZB-Tiny

MaCARIMaCARILiaison RS232

SERENA+EOLSR+IHMSERENA+EOLSR+IHM


�Objective

Check the implementation feasibility of the EOLSR protocol on a limited support (128K Flash, 8K RAM, 16MHz)

�Method

Implementation of the EOLSR stack on the basis of a ZigBee stack, replacing the

Implementation of EOLSR

• Implementation of EOLSR on Telit card ZE50-2.4

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

basis of a ZigBee stack, replacing the AODV routing of ZigBee by the EOLSR routing.

�Tests

Mobility tests show that packets can be delivered without loss when a mobile node is moving along several router nodes.

�Constatations

Reliability can be improved by taking into account link quality in the EMPR selection.


GMOCARI : global middleware of OCARI

Open middleware for a standardized integration of w ireless sensor networks in SCADA applications

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10


Test Plateform : loop EVEREST at EDF R&D

• 100 IEEE-802.15.4 nodes• distributed in 3 OCARI networks and 2 buildings

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10


Technical realizations & scientific results

Technical realizations :

� A prototype of MaCARI built by LATTIS and LIMOS on the B2400ZB-Tiny platform of Telit RF.

� An implementation of EOLSR done by Telit RF on its ZE50-2.4 platform.

� An implementation of SERENA + EOLSRdone by INRIA on PC. It communicates

Three PhD theses defended:

�Joseph RAHMÉ, “Constraints Modeling and Energy Management in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks ”, Ph.D Thesis of the UNIVERSITY OF PARIS-SUD XI.

�Gérard CHALHOUB, “MaCARI : Une méthode d’accès déterministe et économe en énergie pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil ”, Ph.D Thesis of the

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

done by INRIA on PC. It communicates with MaCARI via an RS232 link.

� An implementation of the integration middleware GMOCARI (Global Middleware for OCARI) done by EDF

…

capteurs sans fil ”, Ph.D Thesis of the lUNIVERSITY BLAISE PASCAL.

�Saoucène MAHFOUDH, “Energy efficiency in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks: routing, node activity scheduling and cross-layering ”, Ph.D Thesis of the UNIVERSITYof PARIS 6 PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE.


Dissemination

Publications multipartnersPublications

monoparteners

International

Journals 4(IEEE Transaction on IE, Journal of Interconnection Networks et WSN

Journal, Future Internet)

2(Journal on mobile

information systems,Future Internet)

Conferences 4 (1 Best Paper Award)(invited paper - IFIP Wireless Days

2008, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics - July 2008, ", 2 x

IEEE WCNC 2010 - April 2010)

16

Vulgarization � Journal du Club Automation et Wikipedia

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Actions of diffusion

Wikipedia

Conferences � ETSI Wireless Factory Workshop 2008

� ISA-FRANCE FORUM 2008 : The promise of wireless

� EXERA Wireless Sensors Day 2007 � Colloque de Metrologie 2009 ,� Club Automation : réseau capteurs

2009Other � FP7 Wireless sensor days 2008

� IERE Workshop 2008� Salon Mesure Expo

2009


Perspectives

Economic positioning

� OCARI networks will bring a unique solution for a wide range of needs: mobility, time-constrained and maximized lifetime …

� Solutions like ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA100.11a are not satisfying.

� Community of industrial users: EDF, DCNS, AREVA, Hydro-Québec & EXERA (40 large industrial entreprises)

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

Standardization

� Interested in standardization activities: ETSI , IEEE 802.15.4e (LCIM),Wireless group of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency).


OCARI people

EDF

Tuan Dang, Eric Perrier, Reinald Kutschera,Catherine Devic, Antoine Druihle

DCNS

Stéphane Brochard, Maurice Sellin, Jean-Baptiste Fievre

INRIA

LIMOS

Michel Misson, Alexandre Guitton,Gérard Chalhoub, Michel Fernandez, Antonio Freitas

LRI

Khaldoun Al Agha, Joseph Rahmé

TELIT

© O

CA

RI

Con

sort

ium

, 200

7-20

10

INRIA

Pascale Minet, Saoucène Mahfoudh, Ichrak Amdouni, Cédric Adjih

LATTIS

Thierry Val, Adrien Van den Bossche, Erwan Livolant, Nicolas Fourty, Réjane Dalcé

TELIT

Marc-Henri Berthin, Mathieu Pouillot, Bennani Bensalem


ocari : o ptimization of ad-hoc communications for ... · 1. context and objectives industrial...

Documents