Objectives1. Understand key elements of Mechatronics system,

representation into block diagram

2. Understand concept of transfer function, reduction andanalysis

3. Understand principles of sensors, its characteristics,interfacing with DAQ microcontroller

4. Understand the concept of PLC system and its ladderprogramming, and significance of PLC systems in industrialapplication

5. Understand the system modeling and analysis in time domainand frequency domain.

6. Understand control actions such as Proportional, derivativeand integral and study its significance in industrialapplications.

Outcomes

1. Identification of key elements of mechatronicssystem and its representation in terms of blockdiagram

2. Understanding the concept of signal processing and useof interfacing systems such as ADC, DAC, digital I/O

3. Interfacing of Sensors, Actuators using appropriate DAQmicro-controller

4. Time and Frequency domain analysis of system model (forcontrol application)

5. PID control implementation on real time systems

6. Development of PLC ladder programming andimplementation of real life system

SyllabusUnit –I. Introduction to Sensors & Actuators

• Introduction to Mechatronics, Measurement characteristics: - Static and Dynamic

• Sensors:

Position Sensors: - Potentiometer, LVDT, Encoders;

Proximity sensors:- Optical, Inductive , Capacitive;

Motion Sensors:- Variable Reluctance;

Temperature Sensor: RTD, Thermocouples;Force / Pressure Sensors:- Strain gauges;

Flow sensors: - Electromagnetic

• Actuators: Stepper motor, Servo motor, Solenoids

• Selection of sensors

What is Mechatronics?

✓ Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of Mechanicalengieering (“mecha”for mechanisms), Electronic engineering(“tronics” for electronics), and

software engineering.

✓ The word “Mechatronics” was first coined by Mr. Tetsuro Moria, a senior engineer of a Japanese company, Yaskawa, in 1969.

Cont………..

Cont………..

✓It is a multi-disciplinary

approach to product and

manufacturing system design.

✓It involves application of

electrical, mechanical, control

and computer engineering to

develop products, processes and

systems with greater

flexibility, ease in redesign and

ability of reprogramming.

✓It concurrently includes all

these disciplines.

Mechatronics system• A Mechatronics system

integrates various technologies involving

1.Sensors & Measurement systems,

2.Drives & Actuation systems (Mechanical /Pneumatics /Hydraulics),

3.Controlling system (microprocessor / microcontroller /PLC) and software engineering.

Introduction-✓Mechatronics can also be termed as replacement of mechanics

with electronics or enhance mechanics with electronics.

✓With the help of microelectronics and sensor technology,

mechatronics systems are providing high levels of precision and

reliability.

For example, in modern automobiles, mechanical fuel injection

systems are now replaced with electronic fuel injection systems.

This replacement made the automobiles more efficient and less

pollutant.

✓By employment of reprogrammable microcontrollers or PLC, it is

now easy to add new functions and capabilities to a product or a

system.

✓Today’s domestic washing machines are “intelligent” and four-wheel

passenger automobiles are equipped with safety installations such as

air-bags, parking (proximity) sensors, antitheft electronic keys etc.

Mechanism

Sensor

ElectronicDevice

Actuator

Physical SignalPhysical Signal

Electronic signalElectronic signal

Power

Power

Mechanical

Electronic

WHY MECHATR

ONICS

LOW POWER, FAST,

MULTIPLE TASK

EASY TO USE AND CONTROL ACCURACY,

COMPLEX JOBS

Objective of Mechatronics system

1. Integration of mechanical systems

with electronic and computer systems.

1. To improve efficiency of the system.

2. To reduce cost of production.

3. To achieve high accuracy and precision.

4. For easy control of the system.

5. Customer satisfaction and comfort.

Mechatronics has evolved through the following stages:

1.Primary Level Mechatronics: Integrates electrical signaling with

mechanical action at the basic control level for e.g. fluid valves and relay

switches

2.Secondary Level Mechatronics: Integrates microelectronics into electrically

controlled devices for e.g. cassette tape player.

3.Tertiary Level Mechantronics: Incorporates advanced control strategy

using microelectronics, microprocessors and other application specific

integrated circuits for e.g. microprocessor based electrical motor used for

actuation purpose in robots.

4.Quaternary Level Mechatronics: This level attempts to improve smartness

a step ahead by introducing intelligence ( artificial neutral network and fuzzy

logic ) and fault detection and isolation ( F.D.I.) capability into the system.

eg: artificial neural network and fuzzy logic technologies.

The function of Mechatronics engineer is:

Design and prepare the machines and Programming

them , by using the computer, control systems,

electrical and mechanical system .

Elements of Mechatronics

Modeling

Analysis

Integrated

Design

testing

Mechatronics system

Example

Mechatronics Applications-

✓ Smart consumer products: home security, camera,

microwave oven, toaster, dish washer, laundry washer-

dryer, climate control units, etc.

✓ Medical: implant-devices, assisted surgery, etc.

✓ Defense: unmanned air, ground, and underwater

vehicles, smart munitions, jet engines, etc.

✓ Manufacturing: robotics, machines, processes, etc.

✓ Automotive: climate control, antilock brake, active

suspension, cruise control, air bags, engine

management, safety, etc.

✓ Network-centric, distributed systems: distributed

robotics, tele robotics, intelligent highways, etc.

Applications of Mechatronics Systems

MEMS

Tools Computers

Cars

Consumer Electronics

Stealth Bomber

High Speed Trains

Mechatronics Systems in Manufacturing Applications

•Desktop sized Factory

•Build small parts with a small

factory

•Greatly reduces space, energy, and

materials

Micro Factory Micro Factory Drilling Unit

Mechatronics Systems in Manufacturing Applications

CNC Bending

•Fully automated bending: load sheet metal and the finished

bent parts come out

•Can bend complex shapes

Mechatronics Systems in Transportation Applications

Typical Applications •Brake-By-Wire system

•Steer-By-Wire

•Integrated vehicle dynamics

•Camless engines

•Integrated starter alternator

Automobiles

✓Reliability

✓Reduced weight

✓Fuel economy

✓Manufacturing flexibility

✓Design freedom

✓Advanced safety features

✓Cost

✓Train Position and Velocity

constantly monitored from

main command center.

✓Error margin in scheduling

no more than 30 seconds

✓Fastest trains use magnetic

levitation

High Speed Trains

JR-Maglev

Top Speed: 574 km/h (357 mph)

Country: Japan

Transrapid

Top Speed: 550 km/h (340 mph)

Country: German

Magnetic Levitation

Transportation Applications

AdvantagesSimple and intuitive personal transportation

device

Systems Uses✓Tilt and pressure sensors

✓Microcontroller

✓Motors

✓Onboard power source

Segway

Transportation Applications

System Can•Carry 340 lb

•Run 4 mph

•Climb, run, and walk

•Move over rough terrain

Big Dog

AdvantagesRobot with rough-terrain mobility that could

carry equipment to remote location.

Smart Robotics Application

Robots can vacuum floors and clean gutters so you don't have to.

Cleans Gutter Vacuum Floors

Smart Robotics Application

Prosthetics

Arms, Legs, and other body parts can be

replaced with electromechanical ones.

Medical Applications

Used by patients with slow or erratic heart

rates. The pacemaker will set a normal heart

rate when it sees an irregular heart rhythm.

Monitors the heart. If heart

fibrillates or stops completely it

will shock the heart at high voltage

to restore a normal heart rhythm.

Pace Maker

Implantable Defibrillation

Medical Applications

•Advanced technology is making our soldiers safer.

•Some planes can now be flown remotely.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Stealth Bomber

Defense Applications

System Uses✓Proximity sensors

✓Control circuitry

✓Electromechanical valves

✓Independent power source

Advantages•Reduces spread of germs by making device

hands free

•Reduces wasted water by automatically turning

off when not in use

Sanitation Applications

Advantages•Reduces spread of germs by making device hands free

•Reduces wasted materials by controlling how much is

dispensed

Systems Uses✓Motion sensors

✓Control circuitry

✓Electromechanical actuators

✓Independent power source

Soap Dispenser

Paper Towel Dispenser

Sanitation Applications

Smoke Detector System

Smart Home Applications

Why Mechatronics ?Advantages 1.High level of integration.

2.Increased functionality and better design.

3.More use of electronics and software.

4.Use of artificial intelligence and intelligent process control

5.Assume responsibility for a process and operation with little

interference of operators.

6.Multisensory and programs environments.

7.High reliability and safety.

8.The products produced are cost effective and very good quality.

9. High degree of flexibility

10. Greater extent of machine utilization

11. Greater productivity

12. High life expected by proper maintenance.

13. The integration of sensor and control system in a complex

system reduces capital expenses

Disadvantages of Mechatronics System

1.The initial cost is very high.

2.The complicated design and system.

3.The repair and maintenance in complex.

4.Its replacement is difficult, that it is difficult to change old

system to new system.

5. Imperative to have Knowledge of different engineering fields

for design and implementation.

6.Specific problem of various systems will have to be

addressed separately and properly

CAREER PATHS – MECHATRONICS Engg

Automobile Medical

Robotics

Manufacturing

Aerospace

Material Processing