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TRANSCRIPT
• ~11.
NOTES AND UURINCIS
CHAPTER I.
1 ldith1 e wed41nq card re-a. •• foll~• "Mra. Oeorqe hderiok Jones requ .. ta the honour of. your presence at the marriage of her daughur 'to MJ:'. lc:!w~ ''"' Nharton, at the Trinity Chapel, on Wednesday, April Twenty Rinath at Twelve o• qlook. • (R.w.a. Lnts, "' th NbaJjtap• A Bioqr'Phv. (New Y~rJca tt.rpar,] p~ 51)
, 2 Kellog,o·jr :two Uvea 0( I!Utb !l!aEt91!• '1b! II!Ptp and h
I 2191
12 Durinq the l~llr time Edith was snrroundod by
personal looocs. Rotert d' llumi~""'r'ls, hor best friend
in France, died in the wor7 Anne Bahlmon died almost immediately, nntl it l·r<~a follo1~ed by thfl tlNith of Henry James
o~ 28th February 1916. The letter she wrote to Sara Norton
is well cxpr.essicve of her personnl feelings!
"The sadness of all things in beyond words and hard work is
the only escape from it.~' (Quoted by R~W~B. Lewisr
Edith Wharton: ~ography 1 p. 384).
13 l~e silent service of ~l~rton found special
mention in an article in Fii'lQ!lro.
"Thls en01:mous and varied ~·rork is <>·silent work7 thin ~'>nergy,
this apostle's faith, are hidden beneath an air, hard to
describe, of deceptive nonchaL1nce, of smiling grace - an
.air of havinq rC·:tlly n·->thinq to do in life and no other
concern except to observe arproving ly the good things being
done by other people." (Quoted by Lewis: P• 396)
14 Ibid., p. 424.
15 Edith Hharton: li Dackvmrd Glance, p. 73
16 F C , . , ( .T. ,ooper. some Amer~cun Story Tellers. New Yorkt
Holt, ;linchart, and \'linst.r:m, 1.911) p. 168.
17 Irving Howe, Nar·tpP't. !J. l'lc DoW'eJ~;,and,Richard tl•
,.,_- :- "- , -c.
Lawson, among many others, believe so.
,,t'.:_~:::/: 18
E<.lmund ',lilson: l'he :·round and th~\;r~~~n·~Stiidie('W,;. in Litera turc (C Jrnbridt;;e: How;llton !Hff~ .. ~:ol§t9) ,~. ,'ioa.
19 A Duckwurd. Gl:Jnce. p. 35.
20 IbicJ., p. 75.
• "tl~ -
21 Ibid., P• 94.
22 Ibid., p. 94.
23 Ibid., P• 96.
24 Ibid., Po 116.
25 Ibid., PP• 71-72.
26 I am indebted to Sr. Ann Semel for this cla~sification of characters. (D.A.I. 32, 5th Nov1 1971)
27 Blake Nevius, Edith Wharton: A Study of Her FiatJ.on (Bekerlya l!niv. of California Press, 1953), PP• 9-to .•
28 Ibid., p. 10. • ·
I 220 I
£!!!.£!!!!!
1 Irving llowC', "In troductiorl'. 'l'he Achtevr.·n.,ut of
of Edith Whdrton," lrvinO Hov1e, eCI., Edith Wharton•
•
' A CoLlection ~;:!_t:i':!"!..l Esnays, Twent.ir.th Century Views
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prt?!ntice-Hall, 1962), P• 21.
2 Judith Fetterly, "''rhe Temptation to Be a Beautiful
,Object' 1 Double standnroJ and Double Bind in The House of
Mirth," Studies in Jlmcrica11_ Fiction, 5 (1977-78), pp. 199-211.
3 1-lendy Hartin, "The Imnge of Women in 1\mericnn Fiction,"
:12!nen in Sc::>tir.t ·societ);', ed. Vivian Gormick & Barbara K.
Moran, (Nevr York: Dosie nooks, 1971), p." 227. ... 4 Edith 1-ll'urton, '£he Aqe of Innocence (1920: rpt.
New York: '.J:he l·loo.-,l:n U.brary, 1940) 1 p. 189. S•1bsequent
page references are to this edition.
5 .Edith Wharton, A Backward (ri 3nce (New York:
Scribners, 1933).
6 Elizabeth Ammons, Edith \"lharton_~;:; Al:Q!~!'!t.t. '·1i..\:h America (AtJ\etlS, Univ. of G(')c>n;In Pr:ess, 1990), r-. 144.
7 The Age of InnocP.nc!l!_, pp. 40-41"'
a Edith i/harton,
(New Yorlo Appleton,
are to this ediLlon.
·9 The Aoc of I,,nocence, P• 182.
10 Tfoid • 1 P• 42
.,
I 221 I
11 Elizabeth Ammons, Edith Whorton's Argument with
·~merico (Athenss· ,lJniv. of Ceorgie Preas, 1980), P• 146.
Subsequent references ar~ to thia edition.
12 The Aqc of Innocence,. p. 65.
13 Ibid., P• 69.
14 Ibid., pp. 71-72.
15 Ibid., P• 72.
16 Louis Auchincloss, !di th Wharton a A lfoman in her till!!
(New Yorio Viking Press, 1971), Po 129.
17 Ibid., P• 136.
16 Richntd H. Lawson, Edith Wharton (New York: Ungar, 1977) 1 P• 16.
19 The Aue of Innocence, p. 196.
20 Ibid., P• 47.
21 Ibid., p 80 81 p • - •
22 Ibid., 1'5 p. .k •
23 ' Judith P. S.:~uooers,
. :;, ,_\.' ;; ..
(r· ·>
,j~ '
\iharton 1 s InrJCn'..lcs4'" !:!!~::2sl!~~~L~!!SW!!~!U
25 Ibid., P• 33.
. '::..
'',
• 222 •
26 Richard 11. Lawson, Edith Wharton (Now Yorkt UnqaJ,",
1i77) I P• 26.
27 Ibid,, P• 18, •
29 ~e-Age of Innocence, p~ 350.
~~ . . . • ·'' foll,ke Nevius, Edith Wharton a A StudY of her Pi.,tion.
' (Berketl;.,· Univ. of California Preas, 1953), P• 55 • . , '
\ ,'( ·~' . 30 .
'l'U.~leton ilames, The tlovel of M<.nners · t" Ameri._:a (Chapel Hill;·univ. of North.Carolina Press, 1972), P• 127 •
. 31 Calvi~ \flnter, "Representative ~merica~ Story Tellers'
' Edith Wharton," The Uookmana 33(May 1911), P• 304.
32 • . • Irving Howe, "Introduction," The House' of Mlt)h
(New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962), ~· 24.
33 Judith Fetterly, "The Temptation to ~e a Beautiful
object' 1 Double Standard and Double Bind in ].t!e House of M!r;»Jt Studies in American Fiction, ?• Po 200.
34 Ibid .. P• aoo. .,
35 Edith Wharton, A BackWard Gl.a~;: (ll~ Y~rl<; a SCribners, 1934 rpt. 1964), P• 207, .. ··" ··~ '· · -~<
37 . .... Elizabeth lmlno.JlS• Edith Wharton's Argument with
ftmerica, P• 29,
. I
•• 223 .. 39 Raymond aennoit,. "Wherton'• Tb! lfouae of Mirth•,
SXplic:ator, 29 (Harch, 1971), ~ 59.
39 . Irving Howe, "Introduction" Th!·nouse of Mirth
\New York• Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962).
40 .Edith Wharton, Tbc H9use of Mirth, pp. 39-40.
41 Ibid., P• 92,
. 42 Judith Fetterly, •'l'he 'l'emPt.atior to Be a Beaut.i.ful
Object,• :p. 201.
43 The House of Mirth, P• 9.
44 1bid. I .PP• 11-14 ~ (Parenthesis mine). -45 Ibid., P• 41.
•·' ..
46 El.izabeth Ammons Edith Wharton's Argwnent wi!;h
America, p. 26.
47 Garry H. Lindberg. •A drawing. room dryadi Lily Bart", Edith Wharton and the novel of Manners • . .
49 The House of Mirth, P• 23,.
49 Ibid., P• 22.
50 Ibid., P• 45.
51 . Richard H. ~awson, "Thematic Similarities in !dith Wharton and TOmas Mann", 20th Century Literature 23 (October 1977), p. 292.
!
I 325 I
66 Louis Auchincloss, "Introduct.iun• (New Yorkl SCribners, 1965), P• v.
. . . . 67 Edith Wharton• l'b• Reef, po. 294.' (Parenthesis mine),
11111111
1 1\,W.Bo Lewis, 'ltla Collected ntode• of Edith
Wbarton (f3?ston, 1971), P• xxvi' ' .
' 2 R.w.a. Lewis, Edith Whartons A @iographY (New Yorka
Harper,· 19751 1 • p. 52. Subsequent references are· to this edition.
'' 3 Ibid.; .p. 52.
4 Ed! th Whdrton, The Fruit of the Tree (New, Yorks ' .
Scribner, 1907), p. 89. Subsequent references are to this edition. \I '•'
5 Ibid., pp, 318-19.
6 Edith Wharton, French Ways and Their Meanings, 0 ~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~
qu):ed, by Blake Nevius, .::E;;::d.:i:..:t"'h;....;.;Wh=a.:::.r..;:to;:;o-.:n.s A' Study of Her
'FictJ.on, p. 79. ..
7 Edith Wharton, A Backward Glance, P• 263.
' !
9 Edith Wharton, ·The Custom of
Scribner, 1913, rpt, 1941}, P• 205,
are to this editivn,
the Country, (New York&
Subsequent references
9 · Ibid., P• 206.
lO Ib!dst p. 208.
·' .. , '
l1 Ibid,, p. 208,
I 227 I
12 Edmund 1Ulson, The ;tounl.! end Lhc Dowt Soven
Studies in I.iterature, (Cambridgea HoUGhton Hiffin, 1929),
p. 202.
I} ,
13 Louis Ttuchincloss, "Edith Wharton", (Minneapolis t univ. Of Minnesota Pamplets on American Writers, 1961), P• 24e
' 14 Blake Nevius, Edith WIJartc)nt A Study of Her Fiction,
. ; PI 152 •
~ 5 , Christolf Wage lin, "Edith WhartC-n and the 1Wil.i.ght
of International Novel", The southern Review (i969), P• 403 •.
16 Louis Auchincloss, Edith Wharto~~ (New 'forka Viking Press, 1971, p. 101.
0 A wman in Her time,
17 Edith Wharton: The Custom of the Country, P• 19 •
18 Ibid., P• 43. . .
19 Ibid., P• 37.
·20 Elizabeth Ammons, "Bllsiness of Marriaqe in Edith
Wharton's The Custom of the Country", Criticism 16, (1974), p. 330.
22.'· Ibid •• p.354.
23 Louis Auchincloss~,. Edith wttartons A Wo~a~-~r Time, (New Yorka Vi~ing Press, 1971), p. 101.
• 228 •
24 Elizabeth Ammons, "Business of MarLiage in Edith
Wharton's The Custom of the Country•, P• 328.
. 25 Richard k. Lawson,. Edith Wharton, (New York r
Unger, 1977), pp. 47-49.
26 Wharton~ustom of the country, P• 78. ~
' 27 Elizabeth Ammons, "Business of Marriage in Edith 'Wharton's~ustom of the country"; p, 331.
" . ' 28~
~C-~u~s~t~o~m~o~f-=th~e~C=o=u~n~t~r:=Y• PP• 223-24.
29 . Ibid., p. 591. (Parenthesis mine).
30 Diana Trilling, "Morality of Inertia", Irving Howe, ed., Edith Wharton: A Collection of Critical Essays, TWentieth Century Views, (Englewood Cliffs;· N.J. : Prentice- • Hall, 1962), P• 138,
• f ...
31 Edith Wharton, Ethan Frome, (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1911, rpt. 1939), p. 33. Subsequent references are to this edition.
32 Ibid., p. 131.
33 Ibid., P• 73.
34 Kenneth Barnar?, "Im~gery and symboU~r'~~:i Ethan Frome" £2llege Er~glish ~S<ii1. Barnardh e!~ 'makes
an interesting reading. ~.
35 Ibid 18~ •. • • p. <-
• 229 •
36 Wharton, Ethan Frome, P• 26. ~ j
1t 37 Kenneth Barnard. "Imagery end Symbolism-in Ethen
Frome," p. 183. •
38 Ethan Frome, ~~ 89.
39 Ibid., P• 12~~
40 Ibid., P• .129.
41 Ibid., P• 143.
42 Blake Nevius "On §£han Frome", Irving Howe, ed. 'Edith Wharton: A Collection of Critical Essays, (Englewood
Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1962), P• 132.
43 Edwin Bjorkmftn, Voices of TOmor~ow, Critical
Studies of the new Spirit in Literature, {Westport•
Green wood Press, 1970), p. 297.
44 Blake Nevius, Edith Wharton: A Study of Her 'Fiction,
p. 10.
45 cynthia Griffin Wolff, A Feast oy,,IJ;)::_.d~t :The Triumph
of Edith \·fuarton, (!~ew York; Oxford Univ;.: Pie~~!:'-1~77), P• 29~ "o --:c :-:::'·,·::·-:~·'' -~J_,.:,-, • . . ~
.. /•:/ (~·· ;
46 Edith Wharton, S•unmer, (New York: sCF~~tt918),
P• 16. Subsequent references are to this editio~ · •· J,.y --
;{I~ 47 Nancy A. Walket, "'"seduced and Abandoned":-~~·-" COnvention and Reali·cy 'in Edith Wharton's Summer," Studi~s · in Americ<Jn Fiction, ·(Spring, 1993), P• 108 •
I 210 I 1
49 Ibid., Pil" 17'• •
50 Ibid., P• es.
Sl Blake Nevius, Edith Whartona A Study of Her Fiction,
P• "198.
52 Nancy A. Walker, ""Seduce~ and Abandoned": Conve~tion and Reality in Edith Wharton's Summer,M p. 107.
53 Wharton, Summer P• 21.
54 Ibid., p. lB.
. .. SS Ibjd., PP• 19-20.
'' 56 When Undine was deserted by her third husband she
decides to live as a single woman. But as a single woman
Undine is unrecognized and even ostracized. "Her visiting card, bearing her Christian name in p~ace of her husband's, was like the coin of a debased currency testifyinq her diminished trading capacity. 8 (custom of the Countrr, p. 361.)
57 Wharton, Summer, p. 77.
58 Ibid. I Po as. ·'-i~
' . ~ '
··-·,-·;.-::-~>~ . . ,:_,_'::,.
59 John tot. Crowley, "The Unmasked Streak: Fetinist Themes in Wharton's Summer,• American Literary p. 89a
60 Wharton, Summer, p. 109.
Realiism, 15,
. •·
I 231 I
~ 1 crowley, p. 91.
62 Wharton~ swnmer, P• 106. , .
• 63 Ibid., P• 107.
64 Ibid., P• 111. ' i'
65 Ibid., P• 112.
66 Crowley, p. 91.
67 Wharton, Summer, P• 124.
68 Elizabeth Ammons,~-~ :·:~·"Fairy Tale Love and The R~e£ ," American Literature, 47 (January, 1976).
69 Summez, P• 129. • l '.
70 Ibid., p. 145.
71 . Ibid., pp. 145-46.
72 Elizabeth AmmOns, "Fairly Tale Love l'lnd l!he Reef,"
AmericanLiterature, 47 (January, 1976),_p •. 'Ei'28.,
73 swnmer, p. 146.
74 Ibid., t-• 163. ....
75 Ibid., p. 163.
76 Ibid., p. 165.
I 232 I
77 Nancy A. Walker, ••s~dueed and Abandonedn: convebtion and Reality in Edith Wharton'e Summer,• P• 112.
78 It is interesting to. note how Hay Walland forces
marriage on Archer by declaring her pregnancy.
79 Summer, p:' h3 •.
SO Il-)id ., p. 174.
• 81 Ibid., p. 62~.
82 Ibid., 62. '. p •
83 • 't,
Ibid., p. 175 •.
84 Ibid., p. 193. ''
SS Ibid., Po 202.
86 Ibid., P• 209.
87 John w. crowley, "The unmasked Streak," p. 95.
88 Edith Wharton, "Bunner Sisters", Zingu and Other
Stories, (New Yorkt Scribners, 1916), p. 3~A~ "ov' •
89 ±bid., p. 212.
90 . Ibid., pp. 420-~1.
91 Judith P. Saunders, "Ironic Rewrsel in Edith
Wharton's "Bunner Sisters, n" Studies in Short Fjl.ction:
17, P• 244.
' .
t 233a
92 Edith Wharton, Mothcf's Reeompenoe, (Nm~ Yorlc t
Appleton, 1925), p. 73.
93 Edith Wharton, New Years DIY• (~ York•
Appleton, 1924), p. 116.
94 . Ibid., P• 116.
95 . Wayne Andrews, The Best Stories of Edith Wharton, . I
(New Yorkl SCribner, 1958), P• 97.
96 . Ibid., P• 289.
91 . Ibid.,_ P• 276.
98 Ibid., P• .276.
99 lbidot Po 276.
100 Ibid., P• 277.
101 Ibid., p. 209.
102 Ibid •, P• 267.
103 Ibid., P• 55.
104 . -,,;. Ibid.,·£>, 56.
:s::ss
..
C(HAP'fiR r£
\ ' t'or ~ 1
James w. ':uttla~it~,,"Lei••ur•, w•alth •.n~ rwn.try ~n !ldith Wharton's Old New to~," Hidweat Quarterly vn,: .. P• 339.
~ . ;
2 Edith Wharton, lighting Franeafrom Dunkergue to
Belfort (New York 1 Scribner, 1915) rp,t,. (West:ports ·o~een-wood Press (1974), P• 230.
3 F .'1'. Cooper, some. !Wlerican Story 'l'!llers, (New Yorlt
Holt/ Rinehart, 1911)_, .P• 173.
4 . · .;Ed.ibh Wh<1rton, The Valley of pecision, (New Yorks
Scribners,, .1!iiO 2~ , Po 17 9.
5 Ibi"d., P• 94. . .
6 Garry H. Linder berg, Edith wharton .. 'and the Novei of,
Manners,. p. 36.
7 Helen T. Follet & Wilson, some Modern Novelists,
(Holt: Henry Holt & Company, 1918), p, 302.
8 . . J. Lidolff, "Another Sleeping aeau1jt.i' Narcissism
in The House of Mirth," American Quartertf.:~~tJ~7~, 522.
9 ..:'l':.:.h:.;;e:_:H.::O:..:U:::S:.;;e:....::o~fc....!'M:.:i:.:r_::t~h 1 p • 371 • ; .. '\ ..
10 Ibid,, P• 135 •.
11 Ibidl, p, 105,
12 Ibid., p. 303.
" ; ., '?·'i·
-·.-.
t 235 I
14 I<. a.Y l M,. II<!,- "eel i th Wha"~'"to"'-'
15 The llou~c of lliJ:th, P• 111.
L >I S e.elf'e\. ·
· l.G Blake Nevius, Edith Wharton• A Study of Uer Fiction, p. 91.
17 Richard Poirier, "Edith Wharton• The llouse of Mirth."
American Novel 34, P• 224.
lO The House ~f Mirth, p. 372 • . I
19 Richard Poirier, ~dith Whartons ~e House of Milj:!l,
American Novel 34, P• 224.
20 The HOU3C of Mirth, P• 376.
21 R.w.B. I,ewis, Edith tfuartont A Bipgraphy, p. 155.
22 Me.dlyn Lyde Jones makes an intelligent analysis of • .. Wharton's concept of morality in her book, Edith 1-lhartons
Convention and Morality in the Works_of a Novelist, (Normant Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1959}.
23 Ibid., P• 33 n.
24 D.E.s. }!arx-,;cll, "Edith lvharton and -the Realists,"
American Fictions The Inte11atual Backqround :$~q!ldon s f{oulledge & Kegan l'anl, 1963), p. 224. ··' "'·'' · ' '
25 The 'lCJe of Innocence, P• 110. ~
26 !..:di th ":lharton, The r<cef, (NE!I-r York a Secribner, 1914)
1
p. 315.
I 235 I
27 Garry H. Lindcrborg, Edith Wharton and tho Novel
of Ma:nners, P• 100.
·28 Cynthia Griffin wolff, "Tho Age of lnnocenc:o• Wharton's Portrait of a Gcntl~an," Southern Review, (July 1976), P• 641.
29 The /\ge of Innocence, P• 2 •.
\ 30 Wolff, "Portrait," P• 647.
31 The Age of Innocence, P• 293.
32 Ibid., P• 296.
. . 34 Ibid., P• 350, .. 35 Ibid., P• 350.
36 Ibid., P• 352,
37 Ibid., pp, 348-49, ..
/-~ 38
Edith Wharton, The Fruit of the Tr'~~ (Ne,\:1'-, York 1
Scribner, 1907), p. 624.
, : a .. s:: : a a
1 Edith Wharton, ~The Critic! .. of Plct;on,• • • •
Times Literary Supplement· (May 1914), P• 230.
2 Edith Whart~ 'writing of Flgtion (New York.t Octagon Book, 1970, c 1~53), P•. 11. Subsequent page
references are to this edition.
3 Ibid., P• 78•
4 Ibid., P• 78.
5 Edith Wharton, Hugson River Bracketted(New Yo~• ' Appleton, 1929), p. 231. Subsequent page references ·~
to this editior~
6 Ib!_Writinq of Fiction, PP• 18-19.
7 It is true that in Ethan Frome, summ~r and "Bunner Sisters• she goes out of this little circie. Barring these nove letts Wharton's visi·on of l~fe .is limited to her traditional aristocratic circle •
. , a . - . .
Robert Morss Lovett, Edith Wharton -(Norwood• NorwOOd Ed! tions, 1925, rpt. 1975), P• 79 •' .. ·'
·, .. 9 . . . · In The Valley of Decision, The Reef and a few
sho_rt st.:ories depict the international sOciety, b~t in these · stories Wharton fails· to present the inner vibrations of the ~·
' characters.
• 238 •
10 Bdith Whurton, "Tcnd~ncles in Hodorn Fiction• Saturday Ravicw of Lltentur~(January '271 1934), P• 444.
11 Robert M. Lovett, Edith Wharton (Norwood: Norwood
~ditions, 1975, ,rpt. 1925) ,. P• st. SubsOquent page references ·
a~e to this edition.
12 The Writing of Fiction; PP• 16-17.
, 13 Edith Wharton, "Criticism of Fiction, "Times
tlterary Supplement (May, &914), P• 229. Subsequent Page
refeJ:'ences are to this article.
·l4 The Writing of Fiction, PP• 23-24.
1S Edith Wharton, "Permanent Values in Fiction,•
Saturday Reviews 7 (April, 1934) 1 P• 603o . ' ' ..
16 Ibid., Po 603. . . '
17 "Criticism of Fiction," P• 230.
18 Ibid., P• 230.
19 The Writing of Fiction, p.·to.
20 Ibid., P• 12.
21 Irvi-119 Howe, "Introduction", The Achievement of . - . '
Edith Whart:<:i~," Irving Howe,. ed., Edith Whartona A collection
of Critical Ess~ys, Twentiet~ Century Views (Englewood
Cliffs, N.J.s Prentice-Hall, 1962), p. 3.
22 "Tendencies ill Modern Fiction." p. 443.
• ut •
23 Ha~arott B. Me Dowell, !dith Wharton, P• 94.
24 Joseph Werren Beach, The Twentieth Contury Novel, (llew York• Appleton, 1960, c 1932),pp. 291-303.
' ' . 25 The ~lriting of Fiction, P• 22.
26 Ibid., Po 23. . ' .
27 !bid., Po 26o
28 Ibid., P• 48.
29 Robert Morss Lovett, Edith Wharton, P• 73.
30 The \'lritinq of Fiction, P• 73 • . '
31 Ibid., P• 73. ' .
32 .Edith Wharton, The Reef, P• 69.
33 The t-lri ting of Fictiqrr, P• 86.,
34 ' Edith Wharton, "Confessions of a Novelist,"
Atlantic Monthly, CLI (April, 1933) 1 pp. 386-87.
35 The Writing of Fiction, pp. 95-96.
·. 36 ' ... ~ld., P• 97 •
. 37
·"confessions of. a Novelist, '4- p. 388.
I 240 •
39 The Writing of Fiction, ·~ 109.
39 Ibid., P• 109.
l • ~ ..
40 Edith Wharton, "Telli~g • Short S.tory," 111!' ~riting of Fiction, P• 43.
' j •
41 Ibid., P• 5lo
42 'Ibid., P• 5!' •
43 Stanley J, Kozik~Iski, "Unreliable Narration ln
Henry James's The Two Faces and Edith Wharton's "The Oilettanteiil Arizona Quarterly 35, p. 371.
44 ,, Margarett B.~Mc Dowell, Edith Wharton, p. 84.
' . 45 F.T. Cooper, some American Story·Tellers (New Y9rkt
HC'lt, Rinehart & l'linston, 1911), P• 1BO. . '
46 Ibid., P• 177.
· 47 Louis huchincloss, "Afterward," Httdson River Brcackctted, (!le~r York a Appleton, 1932, rpt., 1962), p. 410.
'•
11111111,
C It A P '!' E R. VI --------/
1 Quoted by n.w.o. Lcwia~ Edith \fllartona .\ Bj,ooraphy, (New Yorlc t Harper, 1975), P• 133.
2 Frederic J, Hoffman, The Modern Novel tn America
(Chicagoa Regenery, 1951), PP• 12-13.
3 E<iith Wharton, A Backward Glance,. PP• 175-76•
4 Q,D, Leavis, "Henry James Heiress a The 'Importance
of Edith Wharton," scrutiny (December, 1939) •
5 " , . . Irving Howe, tntroductiona The Achievement of
Edith Wharton," Irving Howe, ed •. , Edith Wharton•
~A~C=o~l~l~ec~t~i=o~n~o~f-=C~ri~t=i~c~a~l~E~s~s~a~y~s (Engle~ood, Clif1s• N .• J.a Prentice-Hall, 1962), P• 7.
'. ;..
6 Q.D. Leavis, "Henry James'H~iress;:The Importance
of Edith Wharton," Scrutiny {December, 1938), ~. 75.
7 Louis Auchincloss, "Introductd.on," Edith Wharton
~~~ P• xvi. ..
9 Robert M, Lovett, Edith Wharton (Norwood I Norwood ''· editions, 1925, rpt., 1975), P• 97.
· 9 Ibid., p, 86, .... ,_:. ·"
1° Carl v ;, " i an .. orren, ... onter.1porary Amer can Novell~ (N~I·I Yorka Mac Millan Co., 1922}, PP• 97•98,
• 242 •
11 Henry Dwight Scdgettick, "Novels of fo:rs. ~ftori,• At\antic Monthly, 98, P• 220.
12 Carl Van Dorren, Contcmrorary American llovclir.:ts
(Nel~ Yorkl Mac MHlon co., 1922) I,• 99.
13 Edith Wharton, Artemis to Actaeon, (New Yorkl ·
Scribners, 1909), P• 39. ·
14 E .K. Brown, "Edith Whcrrton," Etudes Angloises, 1938,
rpt. in Irving Howe, ed., Edith Wharton• A Collection .2£ Critical Essays (Englewood, Cliffs, N.J.s Prentice-Hall, 1962), p. 67.
1 !;i Elizabeth Ammons, "Introduction," Edith ~lharton's Argument with America (Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 1980),
P• ix.
16 Blake ,Jevius,
Fiction, P• 10.
Edith Wharton: 1\ ltudy of Her •
17 Helen Follett & Wilson Follett, some Modern
Novelists (Holt: Henry Holt & Company, .1918}, p. 291.
18 .. Ibid., PP• 292-93.
19 Ibid., P• 293.
,·l' 20 ,. .
· . George fidal, .. Introduction," Edit.h Wharton Omni~,
(New Yo~J<: Charts• !:~ribner's Sons, 1978), p. xi.
4 21 . .
0 .D. Lcavis, "Henry. James' Hel Dcnn: ~hd 'Importance
of E('W:~ ilhC~rton," Ining HoWe, "Eld., Ed! th 1·/harton: A Collectic
of Critical J:ssovs (En[tlewood, Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-•Jall, 1962), p. aa.
, .......
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•
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•
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·CT
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·.;..,,...,
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--~' <'- -"- _, ... ~ -"
·:. - --_:~t
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sB;Joton, Pe~~ A ~ory of American Literature." ~oston, ""' Ginn & C •i 1919. , . . .... .
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I ;• 4 9 I
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---------------- "Mrs. Wharton's Manner." Nation, 97 (1913) pp. 404-405.
'· ' !.,•, ' ' •
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'· : • I , l I
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<.,10retij>., Carl ._l&D.. . '!Q.oni:8nporary American Authors a ICd1 th ~· WhartOh~ation, ~~. 1921.
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CJoodlaan. uet.u Jut. '".lu fSf'•Uotl 'futl f~ ln the ~~~!_a_ ot: With Whartc:t:· D Ito •
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', _.,.
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•. 1'
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' : ... ~--
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------·------------00
----------------- ·-11 Ed1 th Wh<!rton and' :the Invading Goths."
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~s, 'Z7
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. t• .. ' - ..
•
ChiC:a<;JOI.
American Literatu.r*"" ,;;-;.:,,!!;
' ·"' '/ _,. ... . .
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-.o.; ... ______ .. _. ____ "A source from Roberic'k Hudson for the Title of 'fhe cust<!lt_of the Countrx." 'l)tent1eth Centua Literature, 23 PP.• ~89-98.
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~. \ .
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----~---~...---------- 11 Edi th ·--~-fna.:.i:on · Y.'llE\ ~evie~1, 61 pp. 56~-7 · ·
y·,:~"" - . ·,~ --------------------
r
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•• 11'1'tee, wade. ~ri t.1n in tho Drawing Room a '!'he Purl t11n
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~
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\
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. c> ----------------------- "Edith Wharton. and the Vle:J,P~u:y
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*T 7792* T77n7
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