nutrient management in dairy farming; the dutch case · nutrient management in dairy farming; the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Koeien & Kansen is een samenwerkingsverband van 16 melkveehouders,
proefbedrijf De Marke, Wageningen UR en adviesdiensten. De resultaten vindt u op: www.koeienenkansen.nl
Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case
Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts
![Page 2: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dairy farming in the Netherlands
![Page 3: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Production and farm size
Farm '00-'01 '02-'03 '04-'05 '06-'07 '08-'09 '10-'11
Milk production (Mg yr-1)
573 614 626 669 701 791
Size (ha)
44 47 49 52 53 56
Production intensity
(Mg milk ha-1)13 13.1 12.7 12.9 13.2 14.1
Grassland area (%)
83 83 82 85 84 85
Milking cows 77 81 82 84 89 99
Milk production cow
(Mg yr-1)7.4 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.9 8
2015?
![Page 4: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nutrient management; background
The society demands a clean environment
Environmental standards referring to N and P in the environment are a challenge for dairy farms
Can dairy farmers improve their farm management to meet N and P standards?
![Page 5: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Environmental standards, a problem?
Since 50-ies
Strong increase in dairy production
High N en P inputs with feeds and fertilizers
High surpluses
Losses to the environment
Surplus
N: 470
P: 32
Farm
N: 568
P: 49
N: 81
P: 17
N, P: kg per ha
![Page 6: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Research Cows & Opportunities;how to meet EU directed regulation
Nitrate directive
European water framework
NEC
![Page 7: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Research of Cows and Opportunities;task
Experimental farm De Marke Explore possibilities to produce 12,000 kg milk/ha
without violating environmental targets
Cow and opportunities Test regulation
Improve mineral management on commercial farms to meet environmental targets
![Page 8: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DM
Clay
Peat
Sand
loess
Experimental farm and pilot farmers
![Page 9: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Targets of experimental farm De Marke
Common practice‘80-s
Target
Nitrogen Input 568 195Output 81 70Surplus 487 125Efficiency 14 36Phosphorus Input 49 13Output 17 13Surplus 32 0Efficiency 35 100
![Page 10: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The N and P cycle as a frame for research...
Inputs and outputs via the farm gate
Partial transfer between sub systems of the farm
Losses
Herd
Manure
Soil
Crops
![Page 11: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Abatement of losses...
Vee
Mest
Bodem
Gewas
StrategiesFinding and plugging leaks
Adjusting inputs
To function on a lower level of nutrient throughflow
Resulting inA higher farm nutrient use
efficiency
Lower emissions
![Page 12: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Measures: integrated approach
Herd
Crops Manure
Soil
- Low emission floor- Closed manure
storage- Restricte young stock- Optimized
productivity per cow
- Low emission floor- Closed manure
storage- Restricte young stock- Optimized
productivity per cow
- Crop rotation- Undersow catch
crops- Homegrown
concentrates
- Crop rotation- Undersow catch
crops- Homegrown
concentrates
- N, P to requirements- Processing silage to
improve its utilization by cattle
- N, P to requirements- Processing silage to
improve its utilization by cattle
- Optimal distribution over parcels
- Optimal timing- Synlocation in maize- Restricted grazing- Anaerobic digestion- Separation- Refinery
- Optimal distribution over parcels
- Optimal timing- Synlocation in maize- Restricted grazing- Anaerobic digestion- Separation- Refinery
![Page 13: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Utilization of manure-N a key factor for efficient nutrient use on the farm
The higher the utilization of manure-N the fewer additional mineral N is required for crop production
How can we enhance the N fertilizer value of manure?
Manure-N Fertilizer-NManure-N Fertilizer-N
![Page 14: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Grazing and nitrate leaching
Adverse effects of grazing Higher nitrate leaching
Lower grass yields
Less collected farm slurry
Solution: rotational grazing Small parcels (1 ha)
Start at 1700 kg DM ha-1
Finish in 4-5 days
Restricted grazing 120 days a year
6 hours a day
![Page 15: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Crop rotation
Three years grass/clover Two years maize One year cereals
![Page 16: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Crop rotation grass>> maize
Mineralization in 1st year maize is higher than crop uptake capacity
No fertilizer N in 1st year maize
Gain: 90 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (not leached but available for other crops)
Month
Uptake 1st year maize
min
eral
izat
ion
Without manureWith manure
Plo
ughi
ng g
rass
od
![Page 17: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Catch crop after harvesting of maize
N mineralization in winter ishigher than 50 kg ha-1
A catch crop in winter is necessary to restrict nitrate leaching
The gain is at least 50 kg N ha-1 (not leached but available for next crop)
Fertilizer N supply can be reduced with 50 kg N
month
Uptake maize
min
eral
izat
ion
Uptake catch crop sown after harvestUptake undersown catch crop
![Page 18: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Slurry injection
![Page 19: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Row application of manure
Application of manure in the row of maize
Increasingly adopted by common practice
![Page 20: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Slurry separation
slurry
Solid fraction liquid fraction
![Page 21: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Anaerobic digestion of slurry
First generation
Second generation
![Page 22: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The future
Efficient nutrient management in common practice through implementation of ANCA, a tool to give insights in nutrient flows
Adopted by farmers
Adopted by the dairy sector
Adopted by the government as alternative regulatory instrument?
Maximum utilization of manure Crop production based on organic fertilizer
Dairy production free of mineral fertilizer
Improve roughage production Feed the new 15% of cows
Through efficient and maximum crop production
![Page 23: Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case · Nutrient management in dairy farming; the Dutch case Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts. ... integrated approach Herd Crops Manure Soil](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062603/5f02db327e708231d4065996/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Koeien & Kansen is een samenwerkingsverband van 16 melkveehouders,
proefbedrijf De Marke, Wageningen UR en adviesdiensten. De resultaten vindt u op: www.koeienenkansen.nl
Thank you!
Koos Verloop, Frans Aarts