location-specific nutrient and crop management in rice farming: … · 2012-06-08 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Location-specific nutrient and crop management in rice farming: mobile phone and web-based
decision tools are bringing results of research to farmers
FAO-World Bank meeting Bangkok 15 May 2012
Roland J. Buresh International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Rice in Asia is typically produced in small landholdings
• Farming practices and risks vary among farmers and fields
• The best management
for high profit and high yield differs among fields
More than 10 years of research lead to site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)
Partnerships after 10 years (1996-2005)
TNAU
GBPUAT
PDCSR PAU
BRRI
MAS SFRI
HUAF
CLRRI
ASISOV
ICRR ICFORD
PhilRice
WVSU
NAU
YU HZAU
HAU GAAS
ZU
CCAP CAU
AFC
VAAS
ICATAD
ICALRD
Science is well documented
Tools are available for farmers
Farmers need quick and easy access to information matching their specific field conditions and needs
Principles of SSNM were used to develop printed guidelines
• Aimed to reach many farmers fast
• Printed materials struggle to transform complex decision making into simple messages
• Nutrient Manager for Rice provides rice farmers with ‘best-bet’ nutrient management for their specific rice field
• Consistent with SSNM principles and current science
• Available as web and mobile phone applications
– Can update in real time – Can monitor use – Can link to other applications
and services
Developed computer-based decision tools to provide rice with ‘precision’
management practices
www.irri.org/nmrice
How to access and use Nutrient Manager Web GSM mobile phone Smartphone
Interactive Voice Response
implementation box
Farmer calls dedicated number
Smartphone output
Web output Smartphone and mobile: Text output
Available in Philippines and Indonesia
Target yield gain with Nutrient Manager
Current yield of rice grower
Yield attainable with optimal nutrient
management
Yield gap
Target yield with Nutrient
Manager
Nutrient Manager aims to increase profit of a rice grower by USD 100 per hectare per season
Interactive Apps --- providing management guidelines
Nutrient Manager
Rice Manager
Rice Doctor
Variety and Seed Selector
1. Invest wisely at start of season - Nutrient Manager - Rice Crop Manager
• Protect investment during season - Rice Crop Doctor
Approach with web and mobile phone applications:
provide ‘best-bet’ management practices to match a farmer’s specific needs
Suite of compelling services and financial products
Microfinance Service
providers
Insurance
Marketing Input providers
Connect farmers with relevant agricultural science and services
Interactive Apps --- providing management guidelines
Nutrient Manager
Rice Manager
Rice Doctor
Variety and Seed Selector
1. Invest wisely at start of season - Nutrient Manager - Rice Crop Manager
• Protect investment during season
- Rice Crop Doctor
Product development and testing
Research Validation
Testing with farmers
Consolidation of knowledge
Example of Rice Crop Manager under development
Name: Juan Dela Cruz Rice crops per year: Two Mobile number: 09171234567 Season: Dry Location: Bilar, Bohol, Region VII Water: Irrigated, tube well Variety: NSIC Rc 222 Direct seeded: 101-110 days seed-to-seed
*DAS – days after sowing
Target yield: 105-116 sacks at 50 kg/sack 4.8-5.3 t/ha (14% MC) Actual field area = 1 ha
AWD
Growth stage DAS* Management practice
1-3 Apply pre-emergence herbicide
1-20 Maintain soil flooding, less than 3 cm water
Early 12-16 Apply 3 bags 14-14-14
21-70 Practice AWD
22-27 Hand weeding
Active tillering 28-32 Apply 1 bag urea
Panicle initiation 43-47 Apply 1.5 bag urea
1) Use tool before establishing crop
2) Provide personalized best management to overcome main constraints
3) Focus on increased income (profit)
Effect of sowing date on potential yield of rice of two growth durations at two
locations in the Philippines
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
IntermediateShort
Target fresh yield (t/ha)
Tuguegarao, Cagayan
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
IntermediateShort
Target fresh yield (t/ha)
Pototan, Iloilo
Average for 10 years
Use of seasonal climate information to improve guidelines on crop management
Model on high-end (cloud
based) server
Output
Input: Information from farmer
Web GSM
mobile phone
Smartphone
Printed guidelines SMS Image on
Smartphone
Information on anticipated seasonal climate can be used to:
• Estimate attainable yields and set levels of inputs
• Select variety • Adjust cropping
Key ingredients of approach 1. Provide information matching specific needs of an
individual through user-friendly Web and mobile interfaces
• Directly acquire and
provide information
2. Enable interfacing with complementary services
3. Enhance abilities of ‘extension agents’ to get the right information to the right person at the right time • Collaborate in testing, translations, interfacing, refining, and
meeting needs of stakeholders
• Temperatures will increase - More heat stress - Rising sea water levels • More frequent and severe climate extremes - More floods - More droughts
What about climate change?
Making rice climate-proof
drought
submergence
salinity
heat
October 1, 2010, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh
Swarna-Sub1
17 d submergence
Re-transplanted local varieties
Submergence tolerant varieties
Drought tolerant varieties
Six drought tolerant varieties released during 2009-11 Yield advantage of 0.8-1.2 t/ha under moderate to severe drought, but with no penalty under non-stress conditions
Sahbhagi dhan in India
Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines
IR74 –Pup1+ IR74 IR74-Pup1+ IR74-Pup1–
IRRI upland farm DS 2012
–P fertilizer
Genes for nutrient deficiency and problem soil
A C4 rice should increase rice yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency by 30-50%.
No other evolutionary mechanism exists that could be added to a C3 rice so as to deliver
that superior combination of benefits.
C3 Anatomy Change
Biochem Change
Fine Tuning + + + = C4
15-20 years of research needed
C4 rice