nu bi an

AUC LIBRARIES AND

LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES

Reference Services Department

NUBI

AND

THE NUBIAN

An Annotated Bi

July 200

Courtesy to Ellie

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PEOPLE bliography

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Table of Contents

Aksum (Ethiopia) -- History 5

Archaeology -- Nubia 6

Architecture -- Sudan 7

Architecture -- Nubia 9

Art -- Nubia 9

Art -- Nubia -- Catalogs 10

Art -- Sudan 11

Art -- Sudan -- Catalogs 11

Aswan High Dam (Egypt) 12

Ballana (Egypt) 13

Christianity -- Nubia -- History 14

Christians -- Nubia 15

Cultural property -- Protection -- Nubia 16

Egypt -- Antiquities 16

Egypt -- Social conditions 18

Egypt -- Social life and customs 19

Egyptian language -- Grammar 21

Egyptian language -- Inscriptions 21

Egyptian language --Writing, Hieratic 22

Epitaphs -- Nubia 23

Family -- Egypt -- Cairo -- Case Studies 23

Figurines -- Egypt -- Cairo 24

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History -- Egypt -- To 332 B.C. 24

Inscriptions, Greek -- Nubia 25

Islam -- Nubia 25

Islam -- Nubia -- History 26

Land settlement -- Egypt -- Kawm Umbu 28

Migration, internal -- Sudan -- Nubia 29

Monuments -- Nubia -- Bibliography 30

Nile River Valley -- History 31

Nubia 33

Nubia -- Antiquities 34

Nubia -- Antiquities -- Collection and preservation 38

Nubia -- Civilization 39

Nubia -- Congresses 41

Nubia -- Description and travel 41

Nubia -- History 43

Nubia -- Kings and rulers 48

Nubia -- Social life and customs 49

Nubian languages -- Grammar 51

Nubian languages -- Study and teaching 51

Nubian Languages -- Writing 52

Nubians 52

Nubians -- Egypt 54

Nubians -- Egypt -- Cairo -- Case Studies 57

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Nubians -- Egypt -- Religion 57

Nubians -- Sudan 59

Population -- Nubia -- Egypt 61

Qustul -- (Egypt) 61

Salvage archaeology -- Nubia 62

Social Change -- Nubia 63

Social structure -- Egypt -- Aswan 65

Sudan -- Antiquities 65

Sudan -- Civilization 67

Sudan -- Social conditions 69

Sudan -- Social life and customs 69

Temples -- Egypt 70

Temples -- Nubia 70

Textiles fabrics, Ancient -- Nubia 71

Tombs -- Nubia 71

Turkey -- Kings and rulers 72

Women, Nubian -- Egypt -- Aswan -- Social conditions 73

Citations of Scholarly Articles Accessible Through The AUC Library’s: Article Indexes and Other Databases 74

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Aksum (Ethiopia) – History

- Burstein, Stanley (ed.). Ancient African Civilization: Kush and Axum. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1998. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 A 53 1998

This book introduces the historical background of Kush and Axum. The first chapter includes a description of Kush and its neighbors, and moves on to an exploration of Nubia and its gold mines

It also describes Meroe, and the history and the customs of the people of Kush. The second chapter describes the relations between Rome and Kush and the eventual Roman withdrawal from Kush in 298 (C.E.). In the subsequent chapters the author deals extensively with the decline of Kush and the rise of Axum. The book concludes with the ‘end of Antiquity’ and the Christianization of Nubia.

- Mann, Kenny. African Kingdoms of the Past: Egypt, Kush, Aksum. New Jersey: Dillon Press, 1997. Main Library DT 83 M317 1997

This book provides a description of three major kingdoms of northeast Africa: Egypt, Kush (the Nubian kingdom) and Aksum (the Ethiopian kingdom). The author begins his chronology starting from the eighteenth dynasty in Egypt, during the reign of queen Hatshepsut, and traces her conquests, expeditions, and the mysteries that surrounded her reign as a pharaoh. In the Kingdom of Kush, particular interest is laid on the reign of King Piye, who succeeded in conquering Upper Egypt as far as Aswan, when Lower Egypt was ruled by Osorkon III, a Libyan king, it was around 751 BC. It is believed that probably the Ethiopian king Ezana is the first Christian king of Aksum. For decades, historians have debated whether Egypt, Kush and Aksum were in fact African kingdoms. The overall aim of this work is to bring out the facts that demonstrate the linkages between Nubia and the rest of Africa.

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Archaeology – Nubia

- Africa in Antiquity: the Arts of Ancient Nubia and the Sudan. New York: Brooklyn Museum, 1978, Vols. 1 & 2. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 A34 1978

This book comprises two volumes and deals with the exhibition held at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, from September 30 to December 31, 1978. The introductory chapter describes the nature of the Nile Valley and Nubia. In the first chapter the author deals with the geography and population of the Nile Valley. The second chapter describes the ethnic background of the population. The author of the third chapter gives us a description of the history of the archaeological research in Nubia and Sudan. The following chapters of this volume describe in detail, Nubia during different periods of history until the advent of Christianity. This volume concludes with some illustrations of Nubian ceramics and maps. The second volume of this book includes the catalog. This volume begins with the chronology of Nubia and the northern Sudan, and also gives a list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of Kush. The remaining chapters deal with the history of art, architecture, and minor arts of Nubia and the northern Sudan. The book includes a detailed description of Nubian art from the prehistoric time to Christian Nubia. The second volume concludes with a catalog of the exhibited artifacts.

- Champollion, Jean-François, 1790-1832. Monuments de l'´Egypte et de la Nubie. Genève: Centre de Documentation du Monde Orientale. Editions de Belles-Lettres, 1970-71. Main Library N 5350 C47 1970 v.1.

The original publication of Monuments d’Egypte et de la Nubie is regarded as a major work for Egyptologists. The present re-print is designed to be more accessible than the original. It is especially useful for researchers and students who need a practical guide to use when researching the Nubian monuments.

- Christophe, Louis-A. Campagne Internationale de l'Unesco pour la Sauvegarde des Sites et Monuments de Nubie: Bibliography. Paris: UNESCO, 1977. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 C4x 1977

This book is a bibliographical list of sources related to UNESCO’s International Campaign for the protection of cultural property concerning the pharaonic site in Nubia. This campaign necessitated the combined effort of the international

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community, and has succeeded in saving the most important Nubian monuments.

- Mayer -Thurman, Christa C. and Williams, Bruce. Ancient Textiles from Nubia: Meroitic, X-group, and Christian Fabrics from Ballana and Qustul: An Exhibition Organized by the Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1979. Main Library NK 8987.8 M3X 1979

The exhibit represented in this catalog depicts ancient textile fragments from Nubia, , that were discovered by the archaeological team of the Oriental Institute who conducted their excavations between 1962 and 1964. Site maps, drawings, types of materials used, as well as the historical background, are discussed in detail.

- Nubie; Par Divers Archeologues et Historiens, Le Caire: Cahiers D'Histoire Egyptienne 1967. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 N8X

This special edition of Cahiers D’histoire Egyptienne is dedicated to the Nubian people and their rich history. Sixteen prominent archaeologists have contributed with articles to this book. The subject areas dealt with are: history, archaeology, architecture and engineering. The book also deals with Christianity and Islam and their influences on the Nubian people. The book includes an extensive description of the transportation of the monuments that were threatened to be eroded by the flooding waters of the High Dam. The articles are written in English, French and Italian.

Architecture -- Nubia

- Fahmii, Ibraahiim. al-Nuubah, Ard al-‘It r wa-al-Dhahab : Ru’yah min al-Daakhil. Cairo: Yaafaa lil-Diraasaat wa-al-Nashr,1990. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 F24x 1990 This book essentially criticizes a few newspaper journalists, magazines reporters and TV program reporters for providing an incorrect account about the origins of the Nubians. This situation prompted the author to write this book in order to give a more accurate description of the indigenous people of Nubia throughout history. The book discusses Nubian weddings, births, deaths, and other customs and traditions before and after resettlement. He also describes Nubian houses and their architecture, costumes, occupations and arts. The

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author concludes the book with a statement imploring the Egyptian authorities to preserve the Nubian heritage and language. - Champollion, Jean-François, 1790-1832. Monuments de l'´Egypte et de la Nubie. Genève: Centre de Documentation du Monde Orientale. Editions de Belles-Lettres, 1970-71. Main Library N 5350 C47 1970 v.1. The original publication of Monuments d’Egypte et de la Nubie is regarded as a major work for Egyptologists. The present re-print is designed to be more accessible than the original. It is especially useful for researchers and students who need a practical guide to use when researching the Nubian monuments. - Christophe, Louis-A. Campagne Internationale de l'Unesco pour la Sauvegarde des Sites et Monuments de Nubie: Bibliography. Paris: UNESCO, 1977. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 C4x 1977 This book is a bibliographical list of sources related to UNESCO’s International Campaign for the protection of cultural property concerning the pharaonic site in Nubia. This campaign necessitated the combined effort of the international community, and has succeeded in saving the most important Nubian monuments. - Godlewski, Wlodzimierz. Les Baptistères Nubiens, [translation by Zsolt Kiss] Varsovcie: Editions Scientifiques de Pologne, 1979. Main Library NA 6084 N8 G6 1979 This study describes ancient Christian baptistery types in Nubia. The author gives a description of the general characteristics of the baptisteries, their placement in the churches, their different forms, and their decorative motifs. He also present a description of the baptism ceremony and the practices of the rituals. The text includes plans and photographs. - Nubie; Par Divers Archeologues et Historiens, Le Caire: Cahiers D'Histoire Egyptienne 1967. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 N8X This special edition of Cahiers D’histoire Egyptienne is dedicated to the Nubian people and their rich history. Sixteen prominent archaeologists have contributed with articles to this book. The subject areas dealt with are: history, archaeology, architecture and engineering. The book also deals with Christianity and Islam and their influences on the Nubian people. The book includes an extensive description of the transportation of the monuments that were threatened to be eroded by the flooding waters of the High Dam. The articles are written in English, French and Italian.

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Architecture – Sudan

- Shinnie, P.L. Debeira West: A Medieval Nubian Town. London: Warminister, 1978. Main Library DT 159.6 W 32 S53 1978

This book is written by Shinnie, who was a commissioner for archaeology in the Government of Sudan. In the introduction he discusses the expedition led by the University of Ghana to rescue the Nubian monuments in Sudan. Shinnie describes in Chapter II the architecture of the City of Debeira, its churches and cemeteries. He also gives a full description of the pottery found there. In Chapter IV the author lists small objects made out of wood, stone and other materials that were found in the ruins. The book concludes with some remarks about the building methods of Debeira and the types of agricultural farming, and the food they ate at that time.

Art -- Nubia



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Art -- Nubia -- Catalogs





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Art – Sudan



Art -- Sudan – Catalogs


This book comprises two volumes and deals with the exhibition held at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, from September 30 to December 31, 1978. The introductory chapter describes the nature of the Nile Valley and Nubia. In the first chapter the author deals with the geography and population of the Nile Valley. The second chapter describes the ethnic background of the population. The author of the third chapter gives us a description of the history of the archaeological research in Nubia and Sudan. The following chapters of this volume describe in detail, Nubia during different periods of history until the advent of Christianity. This volume concludes with some illustrations of Nubian ceramics and maps. The second volume of this book includes the catalog. This volume begins with the chronology of Nubia and the northern Sudan, and also gives a list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of Kush. The

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remaining chapters deal with the history of art, architecture, and minor arts of Nubia and the northern Sudan. The book includes a detailed description of Nubian art from the prehistoric time to Christian Nubia. The second volume concludes with a catalog of the exhibited artifacts.

Aswan High Dam (Egypt)


This book is a bibliographical list of sources related to UNESCO’s International Campaign for the protection of cultural property concerning the pharaonic site in Nubia. This campaign necessitated the combined effort of the international community, and has succeeded in saving the most important Nubian monuments.

- Fariid, ‘Abd al-Rahmān. Ahl al-Salām wa-al-Nīl : Qis s at al-Insān-- wa-Rh latuhu Ma‘a Nahr al-Nīl. Egypt: Al-Qwahirah, Rābit at Abnā’ al-Dīwān, 1983. Main Library DT159.6 N83 F28 1983

This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account

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of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

- Greener, Leslie. High Dam Over Nubia. New York: Viking Press, 1962. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 G7

The book explores Nubia, past and present. The author relates the story of his visits to Nubia, and gives his own perspective of the High Dam and its subsequent effects on the environment. Overall, the author is interested in documenting the changes that have affected Nubia and its population. The book also includes a survey off the temples and monuments, photographs and maps.

Ballana (Egypt)

- Emery, Walter B. (Walter Bryan). Nubian Treasure : An Account of the Discoveries at Ballana and Qustul. London: Methuen, 1948. Main Library DT 135 N8 E513 1948

This book presents in the first chapter the main reasons for building the Aswan High Dam. The second chapter describes the Nubians and their land before the area was submerged under the reservoir that was created by the Dam. A historical background of the Nubians from ancient times through different periods of rulers is discussed in the third chapter. The discovery of the ancient tombs of Qustul and Ballana is a subject of interest in the book. The book also includes illustrations of ancient treasures.

Christianity -- Nubia – History



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It also describes Meroe, and the history and the customs of the people of Kush. The second chapter describes the relations between Rome and Kush and the eventual Roman withdrawal from Kush in 298 (C.E.). In the subsequent chapters the author deals extensively with the decline of Kush and the rise of Axum. The book concludes with the ‘end of Antiquity’ and the Christianization of Nubia.

- Godlewski, Wlodzimierz. Les Baptistères Nubiens, [translation by Zsolt Kiss] Varsovcie: Editions Scientifiques de Pologne, 1979. Main Library NA 6084 N8 G6 1979

This study describes ancient Christian baptistery types in Nubia. The author gives a description of the general characteristics of the baptisteries, their placement in the churches, their different forms, and their decorative motifs. He also present a description of the baptism ceremony and the practices of the rituals. The text includes plans and photographs.



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Christians – Nubia

- Fritz Hintze, Ursula Hintze. Civilizations of the Old Sudan: Kerma, Kush, Christian Nubia. Amsterdam:B.R. Gruner, 1968. Main Library DT 108 H513 1968

This illustrated volume portrays the monuments of the various Sudanese cultures. It provides evidences of ancient African cultures, and presents a cultural bridge between ancient Egypt and Africa south of the Sahara. The author first examines the prehistory of northern Sudan and Egyptian influence in Nubia. He deals later with the Kingdom of Kush and the Kushite domination in Egypt. The author concludes by displaying a brief narrative on the Christian Kingdoms of Nubia. The book contains about 100 pages of illustrative photographs and a chronological table of Nubian and Egyptian civilization.

- Godlewski, Wlodzimierz. Les Baptistères Nubiens, [translation by Zsolt Kiss] Varsovcie: Editions Scientifiques de Pologne, 1979. Main Library NA 6084 N8 G6 1979

This study describes ancient Christian baptistery types in Nubia. The author gives a description of the general characteristics of the baptisteries, their placement in the churches, their different forms, and their decorative motifs. He also present a description of the baptism ceremony and the practices of the rituals. The text includes plans and photographs.

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Cultural property -- Protection – Nubia



Egypt – Antiquities



- Noblecourt, Christiane D. La Grande Nubiade: Le Parcours d’Une Egyptologue. Pernoud: Editions Stock, 1992. Main Library PJ 1064 D47 A3 1992

This book was written by one of the world’s greatest Egyptologists. It discusses in detail the gigantic project that took place to salvage the great

monuments of ancient Nubia as they were about to be submerged by the rising

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waters of the Aswan High Dam. Noblecourt discusses her role in this fight, and of the international cooperation that finally resulted in the project for salvaging the monuments. The author discusses her work for forty years as the Director of the Louvre Museum in France. She also highlights the acquisitions and the various expositions that she has organized, the most famous being that of Toutankhamon in 1967, and of Ramses II in 1976.

- Posener, Georges. Cinq Figurines d'Envoûtement. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Oriental du Caire, 1987. Main Library PJ 25 B6 Vol. 101

This book gives a detailed description of the ancient Egyptian ‘hieratic’ language based on writings found on figurines and statuettes of Nubian pharaonic origins. The statuettes have inscriptions on them of the ancient rituals of ‘Proscription’ (live sacrifice). The figurines represent kings and rulers of little known areas surrounding ancient Egypt. They also have valuable information inscribed on them about the inhabitants and the princes who governed the areas where the figurines were discovered. The author specifically researched the inscriptions on the alabaster figurines and was able to read most of them despite their bad condition. He describes the text as being very varied, and contains a wealth of valuable information.

- Posener, Georges. Princes et Pays d'Asie et de Nubie: Textes Hiératiques sur des Figurines d'Envoûtement du Moyen Empire Suivis de Remarques Paléographiques sur les Textes Similaires de Berlin. Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Rein ´Elisabeth, 1940. Main Library PJ 1650 P6X 1940

This book gives a detailed description of the ‘hieratic’ writings found on figurines and statuettes of Nubian, pharaonic, and Turkish origins. The author believes that the statuettes represented symbolically the practice of live sacrifice which is called ‘Proscription’, and were the substitutes for the actual live sacrifice. The statuettes represent the enemies of the pharaoh from the areas surrounding ancient Egypt, and bear traces of the ritual of “slaying” or afflicting blows to the head which symbolized the execution of prisoners. The second part of this book explains the inscriptions that were found on the vases. Apparently they were used in-lieu of scrolls for archival information about princes and the countries they ruled in areas around ancient Egypt and Nubia.

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- Rosellini, Ippolito. Monumenti dell'Egitto e Della Nubia. 3 vols. Geneve: Editions de Belleslettres, 1977. Main Library DT60 R82 1977

This publication contains a collection of illustrated entries in a chronological sequence on classical Egyptian monuments. It comprises three volumes.

- Shinnie , P. L. Ancient Nubia. London: Kegan Paul International, 1996. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 S55 1996

This book describes the region of Nubia and the Nubian people whose culture survived centuries of change and periods of foreign rule. The author gives an account of Nubia under Egyptian occupation, and the establishment of the independent Sudanese states of Nepata and Meroe. The book concludes with a description of Christian Nubia, the advent of Islam, and examines the religious influences and their affect on the Nubian way of life. It also includes numerous plates and a list of bibliography.

Egypt -- Social conditions

- Fahmii, Ibraahiim. al-Nuubah, Ard al-‘It r wa-al-Dhahab : Ru’yah min al-Daakhil. Cairo: Yaafaa lil-Diraasaat wa-al-Nashr,1990. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 F24x 1990 This book essentially criticizes a few newspaper journalists, magazines reporters and TV program reporters for providing an incorrect account about the origins of the Nubians. This situation prompted the author to write this book in order to give a more accurate description of the indigenous people of Nubia throughout history. The book discusses Nubian weddings, births, deaths, and other customs and traditions before and after resettlement. He also describes Nubian houses and their architecture, costumes, occupations and arts. The author concludes the book with a statement imploring the Egyptian authorities to preserve the Nubian heritage and language.

- Geiser, Peter. The Egyptian Nubian: A Study in Social Symbiosis. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 1986. Main Library DT 135 N8 G4X 1986

This book is primarily a study of the social conditions of the Nubians. In the first part of the book. The author deals with the historical perspective of Nubia, the indigenous inhabitants, and the nineteenth-century Nubia, with special emphasis on its social and economic conditions. In the second part, he

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describes the contemporary Nubian social life, including sex and gender roles, life expectancy, marriages, education and religion. In the third part, the author discusses the population movements in Lower Nubia. Finally, Geiser explores urban Nubian family life in Cairo, placing particular attention on the family’s aspirations to procure better economic conditions and stable jobs.

Egypt -- Social life and customs

- Fahmii, Ibraahiim. al-Nuubah, Ard al-‘It r wa-al-Dhahab : Ru’yah min al-Daakhil. Cairo: Yaafaa lil-Diraasaat wa-al-Nashr,1990. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 F24x 1990 This book essentially criticizes a few newspaper journalists, magazines reporters and TV program reporters for providing an incorrect account about the origins of the Nubians. This situation prompted the author to write this book in order to give a more accurate description of the indigenous people of Nubia throughout history. The book discusses Nubian weddings, births, deaths, and other customs and traditions before and after resettlement. He also describes Nubian houses and their architecture, costumes, occupations and arts. The author concludes the book with a statement imploring the Egyptian authorities to preserve the Nubian heritage and language. - Fariid, ‘Abd al-Rahmān. Ahl al-Salām wa-al-Nīl : Qis s at al-Insān-- wa-Rh latuhu Ma‘a Nahr al-Nīl. Egypt: Al-Qwahirah, Rābit at Abnā’ al-Dīwān, 1983. Main Library DT159.6 N83 F28 1983 This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of

19

Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

- Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock and Fernea, Robert A. Nubian Ethnographies. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press,1995 Main Library DT 159.6 N83 F47 1991

This book is part of a research project conducted by the Nubian Ethnographic Survey, with the purpose to record the culture and heritage of the 50,000 Egyptian Nubians. The book is divided into two major parts. Part I, is written by Elizabeth Fernea, and it presents her personal account of the experience and the process of her fieldwork in Nubia, and her personal interactions with Nubian people and particularly women. Elizabeth Fernea presents herself in the book as a wife and mother accompanying her anthropologist husband, and not as an anthropologist herself. Thus, her account is more of personal experience rather than as an anthropologist. She gives an account of her daily experience, particularly her encounter with the social and cultural problems of women and children. She talks extensively about the hazards of childbearing, high infant mortality rates, limited supplies of food, water and medical care, and the absence of husbands and fathers who moved to the urban cities of Cairo in search of better jobs. Part II, is written by Robert Fernea, and it is an ethnographic research that provides an overview of Nubian society and culture, emphasizing the results rather than the experience of fieldwork.

- S ālih , Muhyī al-Dīn . Min A‘laam al-Nuubah fī al-Qarn al-‘Ishriin. Cairo: al-Nisr al-Dhahabī, 2000. Main Library DT159.6 N83 S8 2000 Vol. 1

This book is divided into two parts. Part I presents approximately around 45 biographical entries of famous Nubians in the 20th century. “Entries” include poets, educators, women activists, religious men, social activists, sociologists and anthropologists. Part II deals with social and economic aspects of Nubia

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Egyptian language – Grammar

- Khalil, Mokhtar. Studien Zum Altnubishen: Nubisch-Agyptische Beziehungen. Bern: Peter Lang, 1988. Main Library PL 8575 K54x 1998

The author of this book is emphasizing the relationship between the Egyptians and the Nubians. The book is based on three subjects that are dealt with in the subsequent three chapters: The first chapter is the orthography and the phonetic structure of the old Nubian language. The second chapter is about the grammatical, structural and dialectal similarity between the Egyptian and the Nubian languages. The last chapter of the book deals with the common lexicography.

Egyptian language – Inscriptions



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Egyptian language --Writing, Hieratic




This book gives a detailed description of the ‘hieratic’ writings found on figurines and statuettes of Nubian, pharaonic, and Turkish origins. The author believes that the statuettes represented symbolically the practice of live sacrifice which is called ‘Proscription’, and were the substitutes for the actual live sacrifice. The statuettes represent the enemies of the pharaoh from the areas surrounding ancient Egypt, and bear traces of the ritual of “slaying” or afflicting blows to the head which symbolized the execution of prisoners. The second part of this book explains the inscriptions that were found on the vases. Apparently they were used in-lieu of scrolls for archival information about princes and the countries they ruled in areas around ancient Egypt and Nubia

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Epitaphs – Nubia

- Mina, Togo, 1906-1949. Inscriptions Coptes et Grecques de Nubie. Le Caire: Coptic Archaeological Society, 1942. SPCL PJ 2193 M5 1942 (Creswell)

This book presents the archaeological excavations and findings done in the area west of the Nubian village of Sakinya where an ancient Coptic necropolis was found. The major findings of the excavations are the epitaphs inscribed on the various tombstones in Sahidic Coptic and Greek. The book is divided into two major parts: Part I deals with inscriptions that were published for the first time, and Part II represents inscriptions published previously by Monneret De Villard. Mina Togo indicates that the work of Monneret De Villard was in many cases not precise. Togo comments that he preferred to take his notes and observations directly from the tombstones, that were consequently transferred to the Coptic Museum in Cairo and to the Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria.

Family -- Egypt -- Cairo -- Case Studies

- Geiser, Peter. Cairo's Nubian families. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 1980. Main Library HN 790 C3 G4 1980

Following a brief introduction about Nubians, Dr. Geiser describes the methodology of his study and its findings. The core of his study deals specifically with the urban Nubian family. He discusses the household types, their residences in Cairo, the size of the household and its composition. The overall theme of his study comprises the integration of Nubian households and marriage issues.

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Figurines -- Egypt – Cairo



History -- Egypt -- To 332 B.C.



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Inscriptions, Greek – Nubia

- Mina, Togo, 1906-1949. Inscriptions Coptes et Grecques de Nubie. Le Caire: Coptic Archaeological Society, 1942. SPCL PJ 2193 M5 1942 (Creswell)

This book presents the archaeological excavations and findings done in the area west of the Nubian village of Sakinya where an ancient Coptic necropolis was found. The major findings of the excavations are the epitaphs inscribed on the various tombstones in Sahidic Coptic and Greek. The book is divided into two major parts: Part I deals with inscriptions that were published for the first time, and Part II represents inscriptions published previously by Monneret De Villard. Mina Togo indicates that the work of Monneret De Villard was in many cases not precise. Togo comments that he preferred to take his notes and observations directly from the tombstones, that were consequently transferred to the Coptic Museum in Cairo and to the Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria.

Islam – Nubia


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first

25

section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

- Kennedy, John G. (ed.). Nubian Ceremonial Life. Studies in Islamic Syncretism and Cultural Change. Cairo: American University in Cairo. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 N82 1978

This book comprises several chapters written by different authors on the subject of Nubia and its ceremonies. John Kennedy, discusses the history of Nubia and its religious practices. The author of the second chapter describes the ritual of Salat al –Jum’a in Old Nubia. The following chapters describe some Islamic rituals like the ‘Dhikr’ (Zikr) and the ‘Sheikh Cult’. The book also includes stories about supernatural beings called ‘Water Angels’ and ‘Water Monsters’, believed to be responsible for controlling the Nile. Kennedy touches as well on the ancient ritual of circumcision and its accompanying ceremonies. The book concludes with a look at Nubian wedding celebrations, Zar and death ceremonies.

Islam -- Nubia – History

- Cuoq, Joseph. Islamisation de la Nubie Chrétienne : VIIe-XVIe Siècle. Paris: Librarie Orientaliste P. Geuthner, 1986. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 C86 19863

This book gives an account of the Nubian conversion to Islam from the seventh to the sixteenth centuries. Consequently the author gives an overview of the successive periods of history and rulers that Nubia was subjected to, including: the Ummayad rule (651-750), the Abbasid (750-969), the Beja (VIII-Xth century), the Fatimides (969-1171), the Ayyubid (1179-1259), the Nubians and Bahrid Mamluks (1260-1393). The author examines causes in the decline of the Kingdom of Dongola and also discusses the Kingdom of ‘Alwa. Concluding the book is a bibliographical list of abbreviations, Arabic and Western sources, and an index to proper names.

26


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

27

Land settlement -- Egypt -- Kawm Umbu

- Fahim, Hussein M. The New Nubian Settlement in Egypt. Miami, FL : Field Research Projects, 1974. Main Library DT 135 N8 F2x 1974

This is a descriptive report presented by the researcher Hussein M. Fahim showing the major social consequences that followed the construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, and the necessity to resettle the Nubian population in Kom Ombo. Within a period of ten months some fifty thousand Nubians were moved out of their old site along the Nile, between the town of Aswan south of the Sudanese border to a new settlement in the Kom Ombo area, forty kilometers north of Aswan. The research includes two sketch maps of Egypt and Nubia that show the locations of the old and new Nubian settlements.


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing

28

immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

Migration, internal -- Sudan – Nubia

- Dafalla, Hassan. The Nubian Exodus. London: C. Hurst in Association with the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. New York: Universe Books, 1975. Main Library DT 135 N8 D3 1975

The author gives an account of his trip to and arrival at Wadi Halfa. He describes the town, and gives an overview of its history. He then describes the characteristics of the modern Nubians and their local economy. The second part of the book consists mainly of details of the emigration of the Nubians. He describes the people’s impressions of the building of the Aswan High Dam, the reaction of the Nubian people to it, and the issue of the remuneration for their displacement from their homeland, and the choice of the resettlement sites. He also discusses the subject of emigration and those who were left behind.


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his

29

evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

Monuments -- Nubia – Bibliography



30

Nile River Valley – History



- Fairservis, Walter A. Jr. The Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile and the Doomed Monuments of Nubia. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962. Main Library DT 115 F3 1962

This book mainly discusses history of the River Nile since its birth, and subsequent civilizations in Nubia and the adjacent lands of Egypt and

the Sudan. It also provides an insight to the understanding of the significant importance of Nubia in the past and present. The author also provides a brief synopsis of the UNESCO’s appeal to save the monuments of Nubia that were threatened by the flooding waters of the Aswan High Dam.

31

- Fariid, ‘Abd al-Rahmān. Ahl al-Salām wa-al-Nīl : Qis s at al-Insān-- wa-Rh latuhu Ma‘a Nahr al-Nīl. Egypt: Al-Qwahirah, Rābit at Abnā’ al-Dīwān, 1983. Main Library DT159.6 N83 F28 1983 This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index. - Riyād , Muhammad and ‘Abd al-Rasūl, Kawthar. Rih lah fī Zamān al-Nūbah: Dirāsah lil-Nūbah al-Qadīmah wa-Mu’ashshirāt al-Tanmiyah al-Mustaqbalīyah. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misrīyah al-‘Āmmah lil-Kitāb, 1998. Main Library DT159.6 N83 R59 1998 The authors of this book decided to complete the research on Nubia which their geography teacher had begun. In the first part of the book they explain their journey in detail. They describe their trip along the Nile River and include a road map to Nubia, scale maps, places they have visited, and people they have met, and finally their return journey to Cairo. In the second part they present a historical study of old Nubia, explaining its geography, history, people, economy and social life. It is concluded with a photographic gallery of old Nubia, entitled “Door to Nubia”, and a list of sources.

32

Nubia

- Dafalla, Hassan. The Nubian Exodus. London: C. Hurst in Association with the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. New York: Universe Books, 1975. Main Library DT 135 N8 D3 1975

The author gives an account of his trip to and arrival at Wadi Halfa. He describes the town, and gives an overview of its history. He then describes the characteristics of the modern Nubians and their local economy. The second part of the book consists mainly of details of the emigration of the Nubians. He describes the people’s impressions of the building of the Aswan High Dam, the reaction of the Nubian people to it, and the issue of the remuneration for their displacement from their homeland, and the choice of the resettlement sites. He also discusses the subject of emigration and those who were left

- Fahmii, Ibraahiim. al-Nuubah, Ard al-‘It r wa-al-Dhahab : Ru’yah min al-Daakhil. Cairo: Yaafaa lil-Diraasaat wa-al-Nashr,1990. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 F24x 1990

This book essentially criticizes a few newspaper journalists, magazines reporters and TV program reporters for providing an incorrect account about the origins of the Nubians. This situation prompted the author to write this book in order to give a more accurate description of the indigenous people of Nubia throughout history. The book discusses Nubian weddings, births, deaths, and other customs and traditions before and after resettlement. He also describes Nubian houses and their architecture, costumes, occupations and arts. The author concludes the book with a statement imploring the Egyptian authorities to preserve the Nubian heritage and language.

- Riyād , Muhammad and ‘Abd al-Rasūl, Kawthar. Rih lah fī Zamān al-Nūbah: Dirāsah lil-Nūbah al-Qadīmah wa-Mu’ashshirāt al-Tanmiyah al-Mustaqbalīyah. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misrīyah al-‘Āmmah lil-Kitāb, 1998. Main Library DT159.6 N83 R59 1998

The authors of this book decided to complete the research on Nubia which their geography teacher had begun. In the first part of the book they explain their journey in detail. They describe their trip along the Nile River and include a road map to Nubia, scale maps, places they have visited, and people they have met, and finally their return journey to Cairo. In the second part they present a historical study of old Nubia, explaining its geography, history, people, economy and social life. It is concluded with a photographic gallery of old Nubia, entitled “Door to Nubia”, and a list of sources.

33

Nubia – Antiquities





- Egypt. Maslahat al-Aathaar. Fouilles en Nubie. Le Caire, Organisme General des Imprimeries Gouvernementales, 1963. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 A526 1963

This book constitutes the preliminary report of the Archaeological Expedition undertaken by Cairo University during the period between 1961 & 1962. The findings of the excavations in Nubia and the Aniba region are related with particular precision and planning, and with the inclusion of drawings and photographs. This is the third time for Cairo University to participate in the UNESCO’s Campaign for the protection of cultural property and the preservation of the pharaonic sites of Nubia.

34



- Fairservis, Walter A. Jr. The Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile and the Doomed Monuments of Nubia. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962. Main Library DT 115 F3 1962

This book mainly discusses history of the River Nile since its birth, and subsequent civilizations in Nubia and the adjacent lands of Egypt and the Sudan. It also provides an insight to the understanding of the significant importance of Nubia in the past and present. The author also provides a brief synopsis of the UNESCO’s appeal to save the monuments of Nubia that were threatened by the flooding waters of the Aswan High Dam.

- French Institute of Oriental Studies. Etudes Nubiennes: Colloque de Chantilly, 2-6 Juillet 1975. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire, 1978. Main Library PJ 25 B6 Vol. 77

The flooding of the Nubian land has drawn international attention. The contents of this book have been presented in a symposium on Nubian studies that took place at Chantilly from the 2nd to the 6th of July 1975. The articles are in English, German and French, and deal with different aspects of the Nubian civilization. It contains a wealth of photographs, drawings and maps.

- Gohary, Jocelyn. Guide to the Nubian Monuments on Lake Nasser. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 1998. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 G6 1998

This book is a guide to the Nubian monuments surrounding Lake Nasser. The author guides us chronologically through Nubia from the past to the present, and describes the various ancient monuments of Nubia. The author also describes the monuments that were rescued after the construction of the High Dam. Temples like New Kalabsha, New Sebua, New Amada, Qasr Ibrim and Abu Simbel are described in the subsequent chapters. The Nubian Museum in

35

Aswan was opened in 1997, and it houses many Nubian artifacts and statues. This guide book concludes with plans of Nubian Temples, a chronology, and a list of Nubian deities.



- Keating , Rex. Nubian Rescue. London: Robert Hale and Co., 1975 Main Library DT 135 N8 K39 1975

The book is based on one of the most spectacular and concentrated archaeological salvage operations of all times. Between 1960 and 1969, scholars, architects and engineers from all over the world worked to conserve or excavate ancient monuments, settlements and cemeteries doomed for destruction by the rising waters of Egypt’s High Dam in Aswan. The author clearly describes the events that prompted the rescue operation, the various phases involved, and a succinct description of the findings. Historical aspects of Nubian culture are also discussed. The book also contains pictures of some of the major findings.

- Keating, Rex. Nubian Twilight. London: R. Hart-Davis, 1962. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 K4 1962

The author writes about the land of Nubia, its highway, the keeper of the door of the South, the “Belly of Stone”, “The Guardians of the Cataract,” “Island of the King,” “Viceroys of, Kush, and Abu Simbel,” “Ozymandias,” “the Kingdom of Kush,” and the “Coming of Byzantium”. He also presents a pessimistic perspective of the High Dam as being the twilight of Nubia. The book has a chronological table of all dynasties and presents the rulers of Nubia. There are three maps in the book, one of them showing the area of Nubia that was flooded by the High Dam.

36

- Maspero, G. (Gaston), 1846-1916. Les Temples Immergés de la Nubie : Rapports Relatifs à la Consolidation des Temples. Le Caire: Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1909. Main Library DT129 M3 Vol. 1, pt.1.

These reports present studies on the general conditions of the Nubian temples and the necessary re-enforcement needed for protection against the rising water of the High Dam. The major part of this study constitutes mainly plates, photographs and plans of the different temples.


This book was written by one of the world’s greatest Egyptologists. It discusses in detail the gigantic project that took place to salvage the great monuments of ancient Nubia as they were about to be submerged by the rising waters of the Aswan High Dam. Noblecourt discusses her role in this fight, and of the international cooperation that finally resulted in the project for salvaging the monuments. The author discusses her work for forty years as the Director of the Louvre Museum in France. She also highlights the acquisitions and the various expositions that she has organized, the most famous being that of Toutankhamon in 1967, and of Ramses II in 1976.



- Smith, H. S. Preliminary Reports of the Egypt Exploration Society’s Nubian Survey. Cairo: General Organization for Government Printing Offices, 1962. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 S6 1962

This work contains detailed preliminary reports of the UNESCO’s Campaign to save the monuments of Nubia. The report is divided into two parts: Part I includes a survey conducted between January to March 1961, and the second one between October to November 1961.

37

- Smith, H. S. Unesco's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia: Preliminary Reports of The Egypt Exploration Society’s Nubian Survey. Cairo: General Organisation for Govt. Print Offices, 1962. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 S6 1962

This is a collection of reports on unexplored areas of Egyptian Nubia. The purpose of the study is to explore, and record all the important historical sites from the time of the Egyptian dynasties until the 20th century when Nubia was submerged under the waters of the High Dam. The reports include sites from the east as well as the west banks. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are included.

Nubia -- Antiquities -- Collection and preservation



38

- Save-Soderbergh, Torgny (ed.). Temples and Tombs of Ancient Nubia. The International Rescue Campaign at Abu Simbel, Philae and Other Sites. Thames and Hudson, UNESCO, 1987. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 T46 1987

The introduction of this book explains the importance of the UNESCO’s Campaign to rescue the Nubian monuments of Egypt and Sudan. Part I presents a geographic and cultural overview of Nubia, followed by a discussion of the Nile Valley, irrigation of the land, and the campaign to save the monuments of Nubia. Part I addresses the importance of the construction of the High Dam and the impact of that construction on Nubian heritage. Part II is about the launching of UNESCO’s International Campaign to save the archaeological sites of Nubia, and the projects proposed to save the different temples. The latter part of the book describes the overwhelming task of UNESCO in excavating the archaeological sites of Nubia and Sudan. The book concludes with a display of two rescued temples: Abu Simbel and Philae Temples. A list of illustrations is included.

Nubia -- Civilization



39

- Fariid, ‘Abd al-Rahmān. Ahl al-Salām wa-al-Nīl : Qis s at al-Insān-- wa-Rh latuhu Ma‘a Nahr al-Nīl. Egypt: Al-Qwahirah, Rābit at Abnā’ al-Dīwān, 1983. Main Library DT159.6 N83 F28 1983 This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index. - Fritz Hintze, Ursula Hintze. Civilizations of the Old Sudan: Kerma, Kush, Christian Nubia. Amsterdam:B.R. Gruner, 1968. Main Library DT 108 H513 1968 This illustrated volume portrays the monuments of the various Sudanese cultures. It provides evidences of ancient African cultures, and presents a cultural bridge between ancient Egypt and Africa south of the Sahara. The author first examines the prehistory of northern Sudan and Egyptian influence in Nubia. He deals later with the Kingdom of Kush and the Kushite domination in Egypt. The author concludes by displaying a brief narrative on the Christian Kingdoms of Nubia. The book contains about 100 pages of illustrative photographs and a chronological table of Nubian and Egyptian civilization.

40

Nubia – Congresses

- French Institute of Oriental Studies. Etudes Nubiennes: Colloque de Chantilly, 2-6 Juillet 1975. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale du Caire, 1978. Main Library PJ 25 B6 Vol. 77 The flooding of the Nubian land has drawn international attention. The contents of this book have been presented in a symposium on Nubian studies that took place at Chantilly from the 2nd to the 6th of July 1975. The articles are in English, German and French, and deal with different aspects of the Nubian civilization. It contains a wealth of photographs, drawings and maps.

Nubia -- Description and travel




This book is part of a research project conducted by the Nubian Ethnographic Survey, with the purpose to record the culture and heritage of the 50,000 Egyptian Nubians. The book is divided into two major parts. Part I, is written by Elizabeth Fernea, and it presents her personal account of the experience and the process of her fieldwork in Nubia, and her personal interactions with Nubian people and particularly women. Elizabeth Fernea presents herself in the book as a wife and mother accompanying her anthropologist husband, and not as an anthropologist herself. Thus, her account is more of personal experience rather

41

than as an anthropologist. She gives an account of her daily experience, particularly her encounter with the social and cultural problems of women and children. She talks extensively about the hazards of childbearing, high infant mortality rates, limited supplies of food, water and medical care, and the absence of husbands and fathers who moved to the urban cities of Cairo in search of better jobs. Part II, is written by Robert Fernea, and it is an ethnographic research that provides an overview of Nubian society and culture, emphasizing the results rather than the experience of fieldwork.




The authors of this book decided to complete the research on Nubia which their geography teacher had begun. In the first part of the book they explain their journey in detail. They describe their trip along the Nile River and include a

42

road map to Nubia, scale maps, places they have visited, and people they have met, and finally their return journey to Cairo. In the second part they present a historical study of old Nubia, explaining its geography, history, people, economy and social life. It is concluded with a photographic gallery of old Nubia, entitled “Door to Nubia”, and a list of sources.

Nubia – History





It also describes Meroe, and the history and the customs of the people of Kush. The second chapter describes the relations between Rome and Kush and the eventual Roman withdrawal from Kush in 298 (C.E.). In the subsequent chapters the author deals extensively with the decline of Kush and the rise of

43

Axum. The book concludes with the ‘end of Antiquity’ and the Christianization of Nubia.

- Cuoq, Joseph. Islamisation de la Nubie Chrétienne : VIIe-XVIe Siècle. Paris: Librarie Orientaliste P. Geuthner, 1986. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 C86 19863

This book gives an account of the Nubian conversion to Islam from the seventh to the sixteenth centuries. Consequently the author gives an overview of the successive periods of history and rulers that Nubia was subjected to, including: the Ummayad rule (651-750), the Abbasid (750-969), the Beja (VIII-Xth century), the Fatimides (969-1171), the Ayyubid (1179-1259), the Nubians and Bahrid Mamluks (1260-1393). The author examines causes in the decline of the Kingdom of Dongola and also discusses the Kingdom of ‘Alwa. Concluding the book is a bibliographical list of abbreviations, Arabic and Western sources, and an index to proper names.

- Drower, Margret. Nubia: A Drowning Land. New York: Atheneum, 1970. Main Library DT 135 N8 D76 1970

This book was written by Drower just preceding the completion of the construction of the Aswan High Dam. The author introduces the book by using a historical chart of Nubia. In Chapter I she outlines prehistoric Nubia, calling it “The Door to the South”. She then moves on to examine the notion of ‘Nubia’, and discusses the possibility of the unification of Nubia through the fortification of its frontiers. Drower then provides an overview of the Egyptian occupation through the period of Ramses II until the period of Nubian kingdoms under Napata and Meroe. Moving through the period of the Romans, the book concludes with a look at the introduction of Christianity and Islam into Nubia. The book includes paintings by Alan Sorrell.


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the

44

primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.



- Keating , Rex. Nubian Rescue. London: Robert Hale and Co., 1975 Main Library DT 135 N8 K39 1975

The book is based on one of the most spectacular and concentrated archaeological salvage operations of all times. Between 1960 and 1969, scholars, architects and engineers from all over the world worked to conserve or excavate ancient monuments, settlements and cemeteries doomed for destruction by the rising waters of Egypt’s High Dam in Aswan. The author clearly describes the events that prompted the rescue operation, the various phases involved, and a succinct description of the findings. Historical aspects of Nubian culture are also discussed. The book also contains pictures of some of the major findings.

45







46





- Taylor, John. Egypt and Nubia. British Museum Press, 1991. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 T39 1991

In this book the author concentrates on the indigenous inhabitants of Nubia and their interactions with their Egyptian neighbors. This long-term relationship left a lasting impression on the culture of both lands, and is illustrated in the book by many pieces of jewelry, pottery, sculpture and textiles chosen largely from the collection in the British Museum and the monuments that are remaining in the Sudan. The selected pieces portray the diversity and vitality of Nubian art, and highlight the great cultural and political significances of the Kerma and Meroitic periods. The concluding chapters highlight Christian practices and beliefs in Nubia, and the effect of Christianity on the socio-cultural development of Nubia.

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Nubia -- Kings and rulers





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Nubia -- Social life and customs - Burstein, Stanley (ed.). Ancient African Civilization: Kush and Axum. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1998. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 A 53 1998

This book introduces the historical background of Kush and Axum. The first chapter includes a description of Kush and its neighbors, and moves on to an exploration of Nubia and its gold mines It also describes Meroe, and the history and the customs of the people of Kush. The second chapter describes the relations between Rome and Kush and the eventual Roman withdrawal from Kush in 298 (C.E.). In the subsequent chapters the author deals extensively with the decline of Kush and the rise of Axum. The book concludes with the ‘end of Antiquity’ and the Christianization of Nubia.


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first

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section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.






This book is divided into two parts. Part I presents approximately around 45 biographical entries of famous Nubians in the 20th century. “Entries” include poets, educators, women activists, religious men, social activists, sociologists and anthropologists. Part II deals with social and economic aspects of Nubia.

50

Nubian languages -- Grammar



- Khalil, Mokhtar. Studien Zum Altnubishen: Nubisch-Agyptische Beziehungen. Bern: Peter Lang, 1988. Main Library PL 8575 K54x 1998

The author of this book is emphasizing the relationship between the Egyptians and the Nubians. The book is based on three subjects that are dealt with in the subsequent three chapters: The first chapter is the orthography and the phonetic structure of the old Nubian language. The second chapter is about the grammatical, structural and dialectal similarity between the Egyptian and the Nubian languages. The last chapter of the book deals with the common lexicography.

Nubian languages -- Study and teaching

- Ta’llam al-Lughah al-Nubayah. al-Qahirah : Markaz al-Dirasat al-Nubayah wa-al-Tawthiq, 1999. Main Library PL 8571 T22 1999

This book is a tutorial of the Nubian language for beginners. It is intended to teach Nubian writing, grammar, and poetry.

51

Nubian Languages -- Writing

- Kubbārah, Mukhtār Khalīl . al-Lughah al-Nūbīyah : Kayfa Naktubuha? Egypt: Markaz al-Dirāsat al-Nūbīyah wa-al-Tawthīq, 1997. Main Library PL 8572 K82 1997 The book is divided into four parts: Part I, deals with the writing of Nubian letters, its history and discovery. Part II, deals with Nubian alphabet. Part III, deals with Nubian language writing and phonetics. Part IV, deals with Nubian numbers and numerals. The book is concluded with an appendix, in addition to the author’s biography.

Nubians


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians

describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and

mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into

52

four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.





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Nubians – Egypt






This book is part of a research project conducted by the Nubian Ethnographic Survey, with the purpose to record the culture and heritage of the 50,000 Egyptian Nubians. The book is divided into two major parts. Part I, is written by

54

Elizabeth Fernea, and it presents her personal account of the experience and the process of her fieldwork in Nubia, and her personal interactions with Nubian people and particularly women. Elizabeth Fernea presents herself in the book as a wife and mother accompanying her anthropologist husband, and not as an anthropologist herself. Thus, her account is more of personal experience rather than as an anthropologist. She gives an account of her daily experience, particularly her encounter with the social and cultural problems of women and children. She talks extensively about the hazards of childbearing, high infant mortality rates, limited supplies of food, water and medical care, and the absence of husbands and fathers who moved to the urban cities of Cairo in search of better jobs. Part II, is written by Robert Fernea, and it is an ethnographic research that provides an overview of Nubian society and culture, emphasizing the results rather than the experience of fieldwork.


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the

55

Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

- Geiser, Peter. The Egyptian Nubian: A Study in Social Symbiosis. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, 1986. Main Library DT 135 N8 G4X 1986

This book is primarily a study of the social conditions of the Nubians. In the first part of the book. The author deals with the historical perspective of Nubia, the indigenous inhabitants, and the nineteenth-century Nubia, with special emphasis on its social and economic conditions. In the second part, he describes the contemporary Nubian social life, including sex and gender roles, life expectancy, marriages, education and religion. In the third part, the author discusses the population movements in Lower Nubia. Finally, Geiser explores urban Nubian family life in Cairo, placing particular attention on the family’s aspirations to procure better economic conditions and stable jobs.

- Poeschke , Roman. Nubians in Egypt and Sudan: Constraints and Coping Strategies. Germany: TUK Kopierservice, 1996. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 P63 1996

This book is based on the author’s research work which was intended to analyze the consequences of postcolonial, economic and political changes for an emerging ethnic group of Nubians in Egypt and Sudan. He attempts to shed light on how the Nubian population in both Egypt and Sudan are affected by the overall expansion of the ‘system of world economy’ on the one hand, and how they responded to cope with these external constraints, on the other. The author discusses Nubia and its population from early history to British rule, including aspects of political and economic developments in 20th century in Egypt and Sudan. He also attempts to give appropriate estimates of the contemporary Nubian population, including intra-ethnic relations, social networks and Nubian associations. The author points out the perceptions of both the Egyptian and Sudanese people on the Nubians, and similarly the Nubians’ perceptions of them. The work is concluded with a case study of a Sudanese Nubian family.



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Nubians -- Egypt -- Cairo -- Case Studies

- Geiser, Peter. Cairo's Nubian families. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 1980. Main Library HN 790 C3 G4 1980

Following a brief introduction about Nubians, Dr. Geiser describes the methodology of his study and its findings. The core of his study deals specifically with the urban Nubian family. He discusses the household types, their residences in Cairo, the size of the household and its composition. The overall theme of his study comprises the integration of Nubian households and marriage issues.

Nubians -- Egypt – Religion


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious

57

rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

- Kennedy, John G. (ed.). Nubian Ceremonial Life. Studies in Islamic Syncretism and Cultural Change. Cairo: American University in Cairo. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 N82 1978

This book comprises several chapters written by different authors on the subject of Nubia and its ceremonies. John Kennedy, discusses the history of Nubia and its religious practices. The author of the second chapter describes the ritual of Salat al –Jum’a in Old Nubia. The following chapters describe some Islamic rituals like the ‘Dhikr’ (Zikr) and the ‘Sheikh Cult’. The book also includes stories about supernatural beings called ‘Water Angels’ and ‘Water Monsters’, believed to be responsible for controlling the Nile. Kennedy touches as well on the ancient ritual of circumcision and its accompanying ceremonies. The book concludes with a look at Nubian wedding celebrations, Zar and death ceremonies.



58

Nubians – Sudan


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during

the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

59



- Poeschke , Roman. Nubians in Egypt and Sudan: Constraints and Coping Strategies. Germany: TUK Kopierservice, 1996. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 P63 1996

This book is based on the author’s research work which was intended to analyze the consequences of postcolonial, economic and political changes for an emerging ethnic group of Nubians in Egypt and Sudan. He attempts to shed light on how the Nubian population in both Egypt and Sudan are affected by the overall expansion of the ‘system of world economy’ on the one hand, and how they responded to cope with these external constraints, on the other. The author discusses Nubia and its population from early history to British rule, including aspects of political and economic developments in 20th century in Egypt and Sudan. He also attempts to give appropriate estimates of the contemporary Nubian population, including intra-ethnic relations, social networks and Nubian associations. The author points out the perceptions of both the Egyptian and Sudanese people on the Nubians, and similarly the Nubians’ perceptions of them. The work is concluded with a case study of a Sudanese Nubian family.

60

Population -- Nubia – Egypt



Qustul -- (Egypt)



61

Salvage archaeology – Nubia

- Gohary, Jocelyn. Guide to the Nubian Monuments on Lake Nasser. Cairo: American University in Cairo, 1998. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 G6 1998

This book is a guide to the Nubian monuments surrounding Lake Nasser. The author guides us chronologically through Nubia from the past to the present, and describes the various ancient monuments of Nubia. The author also describes the monuments that were rescued after the construction of the High Dam. Temples like New Kalabsha, New Sebua, New Amada, Qasr Ibrim and Abu Simbel are described in the subsequent chapters. The Nubian Museum in Aswan was opened in 1997, and it houses many Nubian artifacts and statues. This guide book concludes with plans of Nubian Temples, a chronology, and a list of Nubian deities.



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Social Change – Nubia

- Drower, Margret. Nubia: A Drowning Land. New York: Atheneum, 1970. Main Library DT 135 N8 D76 1970

This book was written by Drower just preceding the completion of the construction of the Aswan High Dam. The author introduces the book by using a historical chart of Nubia. In Chapter I she outlines prehistoric Nubia, calling it “The Door to the South”. She then moves on to examine the notion of ‘Nubia’, and discusses the possibility of the unification of Nubia through the fortification of its frontiers. Drower then provides an overview of the Egyptian occupation through the period of Ramses II until the period of Nubian kingdoms under Napata and Meroe. Moving through the period of the Romans, the book concludes with a look at the introduction of Christianity and Islam into Nubia. The book includes paintings by Alan Sorrell.


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious

63

rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

- Jennings, Anne M. The Nubians of West Aswan: Village Women in the Midst of Change. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995. Main Library DT 159.6 N83 J45 1995

This book is a personal eyewitness account about the Nubian people and their culture. The author begins with a discussion of the history of the Nubians in general, with particular emphasis on the natives living in west Aswan. Jennings later examines the social aspects of Nubian life such as gender roles and sexuality, and expresses her lament for certain enduring social practices such as clitoridectomy and infibulation. She concludes with a look at cultural changes and developments that have taken place in west Aswan since the booming of the tourism industry. The book includes photographs, maps, and a glossary of Nubian and Arabic words, as well as anthropological terms.



64

Social structure -- Egypt – Aswan



Sudan -- Antiquities



65







66

Sudan – Civilization


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin, and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

67





68

Sudan -- Social conditions



Sudan -- Social life and customs


This is a well researched and well written book based largely on the author’s historical knowledge and understanding of the Nubian culture and civilization. He provides an interesting account written by Egyptian and Sudanese Nubians describing their journey along the Nile River. The book is divided into two parts. Part I deals with four main topics: a) the “anonymous history of Nubia” (Kush lands). The author referred to the Holy Scriptures to support his evidences about the origin of the Nubian people. b) He gives a detailed history of Nubia during the past ten thousand years, and describes the Nile as the primary source for the existence and power of both the Nubians and Egyptians. Consequently the author deals with the Nubian civilization, and mentions that that Nubians were the industrial powerhouses of the ancient world, producing immense quantities of gold and iron. c) The author then gives an historical account of the Arab Muslims who invaded from Egypt in the north and settled in Nubia, and provides historical evidences proving that the Arabization of the lands around the Nile Valley was a gradual process that occurred during the past six thousand years. d) In this section he gives an extraordinary description of Nubia and its exotic charm. Part II is divided into four sections. In the first section the author deals with the issue of the flooding water, the Aswan Basin,

69

and the resettlement of the Nubians. Consequently the author gives an account of the Nubian social life and customs, including their marriages and religious rituals. In sections two and three he talks extensively about the Nubian people’s frustrations, and their realization of their migration from Nubia as a conspiracy against them. In the last section the author describes the resettlement of the Nubian population in Kom Ombo, who were displaced from their land when Lake Nasser was created. The book is concluded with a detailed index.

Temples – Egypt

- Maspero, G. (Gaston), 1846-1916. Les Temples Immergés de la Nubie : Rapports Relatifs à la Consolidation des Temples. Le Caire: Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1909. Main Library DT129 M3 Vol. 1, pt.1.

These reports present studies on the general conditions of the Nubian temples and the necessary re-enforcement needed for protection against the rising water of the High Dam. The major part of this study constitutes mainly plates, photographs and plans of the different temples.

Temples – Nubia



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Textiles fabrics, Ancient – Nubia



Tombs – Nubia


This book presents in the first chapter the main reasons for building the Aswan High Dam. The second chapter describes the Nubians and their land before the area was submerged under the reservoir that was created by the Dam. A historical background of the Nubians from ancient times through different periods of rulers is discussed in the third chapter. The discovery of the ancient

tombs of Qustul and Ballana is a subject of interest in the book. The book also includes illustrations of ancient treasures.


The introduction of this book explains the importance of the UNESCO’s Campaign to rescue the Nubian monuments of Egypt and Sudan. Part I presents a geographic and cultural overview of Nubia, followed by a discussion of the

71

Nile Valley, irrigation of the land, and the campaign to save the monuments of Nubia. Part I addresses the importance of the construction of the High Dam and the impact of that construction on Nubian heritage. Part II is about the launching of UNESCO’s International Campaign to save the archaeological sites of Nubia, and the projects proposed to save the different temples. The latter part of the book describes the overwhelming task of UNESCO in excavating the archaeological sites of Nubia and Sudan. The book concludes with a display of two rescued temples: Abu Simbel and Philae Temples. A list of illustrations is included.

Turkey -- Kings and rulers



72

Women, Nubian -- Egypt -- Aswan -- Social conditions




This book was written by one of the world’s greatest Egyptologists. It discusses in detail the gigantic project that took place to salvage the great monuments of ancient Nubia as they were about to be submerged by the rising waters of the Aswan High Dam. Noblecourt discusses her role in this fight, and of the international cooperation that finally resulted in the project for salvaging the monuments. The author discusses her work for forty years as the Director of the Louvre Museum in France. She also highlights the acquisitions and the various expositions that she has organized, the most famous being that of Toutankhamon in 1967, and of Ramses II in 1976.

- S ālih , Muhyī al-Dīn . Min A‘laam al-Nuubah fī al-Qarn al-‘Ishriin. Cairo: al-Nisr al-Dhahabī, 2000. DT159.6 N83 S8 2000 Vol. 1


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Citations of Scholarly Articles Accessible Through

The AUC Library’s: Article Indexes and Other Databases

- Armelagos, George J. Take two Beers and Call Me in 1,600 Years. Natural History Vol. 109, No. 4 (May 2000), pp 50-53 Reports on the discovery of tetracycline from a Nubian bone by Debra Martin, a professor of anthropology at Hampshire College in Amherst. Significance of ultraviolet light in tracing tetracycline; Tetracycline demonstration by chemist James Boothe; Response of bone tissues to physical stresses; Breadmaking and beer production during ancient times. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database)

- Begley, Sharon; and Chideya, Farai. Of Pygmies and Princes. Newsweek, Vol. 120, No. 16, (October 19, 1992), p60.

Offers a look at how scholars are putting ancient Nubia back on the map. Nubia stood at the crossroads of the Bronze Age world; Scholars are rethinking the conventional views of Nubia; Why Nubia has not been widely discussed; Revisionism spurred by the Afrocentrism movement; New exhibit, `Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa'; Opened last week at the University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database)

- Benjamin, Jesse. Of Nubians and Nabateans: Implications of Research on Neglected Dimensions of Ancient world History. Journal of Asian and African Studies (Brill) Vol. 36, No.4 (2001), pp. 361-382. The exploration of relations between the Nubians and the Nabateans opens new possibilities concerning the historical and historiographic linkages between ancient East Africa and the ancient Middle East. In large part, such an analysis speaks to the re-mapping of Ancient World relations and the role of anti-colonial historiography in the execution of such a task. Anti-colonial historiography has challenged the presuppositions of the modern political construction of these regions and their interaction. It has done so by posing critical questions concerning the re-reading of existing data and, therefore, the reconstruction of the historical record. The new direction into Nubian/Nabatean relations initiates a broader cultural analysis of the “Old World” in the “Classical Era.” (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database)

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http://web2.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=1&_ug=dbs+0+ln+en%2Dus+sid+48DB0D7D%2DDA1E%2D4DEC%2D9F0A%2D4DA14124A342%40Sessionmgr6+EFBD&_us=bs+%7B%22Of++Nubians++and++Nabateans%3A++Implications++of++Research++on++Neglected++%22%7D+ds+%7B%22Of++Nubians++a

- Bianchi, Robert S. Cruising Lake Nasser. Archaeology Vol. 50, No. 5 (September/October 1997) pp. 62-66. Opinion. Recounts the author's journey on Lake Nasser, in the Nile, Egypt, where he sought Nubian antiquity. History of Nubia; Places flooded by the creation of Lake Nasser; Efforts made by organizations to save Nubian monuments; Description of various sites viewed by the author during his journey. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) Copley, M.S., et. al. Processing Palm Fuits in the Nile Valley-Biomoleular Evidence from Qasr Ibrim. Antiquity , Vol. 75, No. 289 (September 2001), pp.538-42. Elnadi, Bahgat and Rifaat, Adel. A Text by Andre Malraux. UNESCO Courier, Vol. 50, No. 9, (September 1997), pp. 4-5. - Discusses the International Campaign for the Preservation of the Monuments of Nubia according to artist Andre Malraux. How the people discovered the language of art; How art represents the craftsmanship of its designers; Some of the art of Nubia; How the campaign can appeal to the conscience of others. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Gauch, Sarah. Modern Nubians and Allies Defend an Ancient Land. Christian Science Monitor Vol. 92, No. 26 ( December 12, 1999), p. 8. Discusses a resurgence of interest in Nubians and Nubia in the United States and the efforts of Nubians to protect their culture as of 1999. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Grzymski, Krzystztof. Nubia. American Visions, Vol. 8, No. 5 (October/November 1993), pp. 20-25. Focuses on the discovery and exploration of the ancient African kingdom of Nubia. Geographical location; Biblical description and old names; Nubia as ancient Egypt's rival and neighbor; Excavated artworks; Rescue archaeology of the Nubian kingdoms; Nubian collections at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania; More. INSETS: Nubia through 6,000 years; Ancient Nubia across North America (exhibitions). (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Macleod, Scott. Nile's Other Kingdom. Time, Vol. 150, No. 11 (September 15 1997), pp. 102-105. Reports on the significance of an archaeological discovery of an intricately carved stones hidden in rubble in Sudan, by an expedition led by archeologist Timothy Kendall. The stones as forming a tableau; The search for secrets of ancient Nubia, the world's first black civilization; The discovery of remains as

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supporting the conviction that Nubians were creators of an ancient and impressive civilization of their own. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Mojsov, Bojana. Recent Exhibitions. African Arts, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Winter1994), pp.78-79 Reviews the exhibitions `Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa' at the Newark Museum in Newark, New Jersey and `The Gold of Meroe' at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Exhibition dates; Culture of ancient Sudan; Geography of Nubia; Meroitic Period of Nubian history; Jewelry designs. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Roberts, David. Out of Africa: The Superb Artwork of Ancient Nubia. Smithsonian, Vol. 24, No. 3 (June 19993), pp. 90-97. States that the rich heritage and tradition of Nubia is now celebrated in four great Western museums. The Nubian ideal of female beauty; Reasons why many people are unfamiliar with Nubia; The impact of prejudice on the lack of knowledge about this area; Location and description of Nubia; Work of archaeologist George A. Reisner; More. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Saleh, M.J. Government Intervention in the coptic Church in Egypt During the Fatimid Period. Muslim World (Hartford, Conn.) Vol. 91 No. 3/4 (Fall 2001), pp.381-97 During the Fatimid period in Egypt, the Christian Coptic Church suffered from government interference on a number of vital church matters such as relations with daughter churches in Nubia and Abyssinia, appointments to ecclesiastical offices, and even church doctrine. In many cases, this interference was the result of parties in an internal church dispute bringing the matter to the attention of the government. The attitude that fostered this habit had serious effects on the morale and spiritual state of the Coptic community. Furthermore, appeals by Christians for Muslim intervention in their internal affairs rarely produced the results for which the petitioner had hoped. Ultimately, the Coptic Church's battle to maintain its identity and integrity against this interference involved a struggle not against the outside forces of a hostile and unjust government but against itself. The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. To contact the publisher: http://www.hartsem.edu/ - Schuster, Angela M.H. A Walk Through Time. Archaeology, Vol. 52, No. 4 (July/August 1999), pp. 64-66

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Highlights the Nubia Museum in Aswan, Africa. Significance of the museum to Nubian civilization; Location and description; Offerings. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) Shaw, Ian and Bloxam, Elizabeth. Survey and Excavation at the Gebel el-Asr Gneiss and Quartz Quarries in Lower Nubia (1997-2000). Antiquity, Vol. 75, No. 287 (March 2001), pp.33-34. Provides information on the archaeological survey and excavation at the Gebel el-Asr Gneiss Quarries in Lower Nubia from 1997-2000. Purpose of the project; Discoveries. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database) - Shinnie, M. New Light on Medieval Nubia. The Journal of African History Vol.6, No.3 (1965), pp. 263-273. The importance of the Christian states of Nubia in medieval times has hitherto been under-estimated by historians of Africa. There is now sufficient information to show that they played a significant part in the history of the Nile valley for some 800 years. Not only did the existence of Christian states impose a barrier to the expansion of Islam, but the Dongola kingdom at least was at times an important force in the politics of the area. The recent campaign of excavations made necessary by the building of the Aswan dam has provided much new information about the material culture of the period, and shows a much higher artistic and social development than earlier emphasis on ecclesiastical monuments had suggested. Nubia is now seen to have had a highly developed civilization with considerable urban development. Detailed study of the pottery has made possible more precise dating of buildings and objects, as well as showing periods of increased and decreased trade with Egypt. The discovery of important frescoes in the cathedral at Faras makes it possible to study the artistic development, and also adds new material for a study of the eastern, particularly Persian, influences already suspected in Nubian art. Information about domestic life is made available by the excavations at Debeira West, the first predominantly domestic site to have been excavated, whose material remains provide new evidence on diet, crafts and agriculture. (Citation and abstract retrieved from JSTOR database) - Svitil, Kathy A What the Nubians Ate . Discover, Vol. 15, No. 15 (June 1994), pp. 36-37. Reports that the dessicated skin and hair of mummies from the Nubian Desert revealed what ordinary Nubians ate from 350 B.C. to A.D. 350. Salvage by archaeologists of what they could of the Nubian past; Recovery of tons of ancient artifacts, including hundreds of Nubian mummies; Accidental preservation by extreme heat and dry sands; Preservation of a record of what the Nubians ate in their hair. (Citation and abstract retrieved from EBSCO database)

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