nsanzya applyng gis for knowledge management in rural ......libraries • community information...

Kizito NsanzyaKizito Nsanzya

UNDP Support to the Health Sector in Limpopo

ESRI Health GIS Conference 2011,

Washington DC.

Applying GIS for Knowledge Management in Rural Limpopo

Health Sector, South Africa

Linking tacit knowledge with spatial data

•• UNDP's mission in South Africa is to strengthen capacity for UNDP's mission in South Africa is to strengthen capacity for

participatory governance and proparticipatory governance and pro‐‐poor growth based on normative and poor growth based on normative and

inclusive human rights principles.inclusive human rights principles.

•• UNDPUNDP’’s Support to the Health Sector in Limpopo is a partnership with s Support to the Health Sector in Limpopo is a partnership with

Limpopo Department of Health.Limpopo Department of Health.

•• Due to the remoteness and perceived unattractiveness of rural Due to the remoteness and perceived unattractiveness of rural

hospitals, many health professionals opt to work in urban areas hospitals, many health professionals opt to work in urban areas and and

abroad. This has created chronic shortages of health professionaabroad. This has created chronic shortages of health professionals.ls.

•• As a result, health service delivery faces challenges which inclAs a result, health service delivery faces challenges which include:ude:

Mismatch between health service demands and available resources;Mismatch between health service demands and available resources;

Shortage of skilled professionals;Shortage of skilled professionals;

Inadequate evidenceInadequate evidence‐‐based decision making, planning, and resource based decision making, planning, and resource

allocation; andallocation; and

Inadequate management skills at all levels.Inadequate management skills at all levels.


BackgroundBackground

Support to the Limpopo Health Department through 4 programmes:


Programme 1:

Health Professional

Volunteerism and capacity

development

Programme 3:

Knowledge management and

leadership development

Programme 4:

MDGs domestication,

Monitoring and evaluation

system.

Programme 2:

Health Planning Support

(Health economics)

UNDP SupportUNDP Support

•• Limpopo province is Limpopo province is

predominantly rural with predominantly rural with

close to 80% of the close to 80% of the

population falling into this population falling into this

categorycategory

•• The provinceThe province’’s health s health

facilities include:facilities include:

40 hospitals, 40 hospitals,

22 health centres, and 22 health centres, and

416 clinics.416 clinics.Linking tacit knowledge with spatial data

•• Limpopo province is situated in the north of South Africa. Limpopo province is situated in the north of South Africa.

•• It shares borders with Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces in the sIt shares borders with Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces in the south, outh,

Mozambique in the east, Zimbabwe in the north and Botswana in thMozambique in the east, Zimbabwe in the north and Botswana in the e

west. west.

•• The province covers 123, 910 km2 with an estimated population ofThe province covers 123, 910 km2 with an estimated population of

5.4 5.4

million (4th most populated in the country)million (4th most populated in the country)

Operational AreaOperational Area


Types of facilities:Types of facilities:

2 Tertiary hospitals2 Tertiary hospitals

5 Regional hospitals5 Regional hospitals

3 Specialist hospitals3 Specialist hospitals

30 District hospitals30 District hospitals

Limpopo Hospital FacilitiesLimpopo Hospital Facilities

•• Why knowledge management? Why knowledge management?

Solutions to public health problems exist but are not applied beSolutions to public health problems exist but are not applied because of cause of

knowledge gaps in the province. knowledge gaps in the province.

•• These gaps can be bridged through the development of an These gaps can be bridged through the development of an

environment that encourages the environment that encourages the discovery, creation, management, discovery, creation, management,

sharing, distributionsharing, distribution

and and effective application effective application of knowledge to of knowledge to

improve health.improve health.

•• The key objectives of health KM are:The key objectives of health KM are:

To improve access to and sharing of health information and knowlTo improve access to and sharing of health information and knowledge;edge;

To maximize the impact of explicit and tacit knowledge, includinTo maximize the impact of explicit and tacit knowledge, including health research g health research

and experiential knowledge, through effective knowledge sharing and experiential knowledge, through effective knowledge sharing and application;and application;

To foster eTo foster e‐‐Health as a powerful means of strengthening health systems and Health as a powerful means of strengthening health systems and

improving health service delivery, including quality of care.improving health service delivery, including quality of care.


UNDP Support Prog. 3: Knowledge Management for the health sector

UNDP Support Prog. 3: Knowledge Management for the health sector

•• KM in health include s: health research; medical education and oKM in health include s: health research; medical education and other ther

elements of human resources development; health situation analyselements of human resources development; health situation analyses; es;

programme monitoring and evaluation; and development of strategiprogramme monitoring and evaluation; and development of strategies, es,

norms, standards and guidelines.norms, standards and guidelines.

•• Publications, library services, documentation centres, meetings,Publications, library services, documentation centres, meetings,

workshops workshops

and seminars all make up tools and methods for KM. and seminars all make up tools and methods for KM.

•• Other tools available include electronic mail, electronic databOther tools available include electronic mail, electronic databases, internet ases, internet

web sites, intranets, search engines, videoweb sites, intranets, search engines, video‐‐

and teleand tele‐‐conferencing, virtual conferencing, virtual

libraries, electronic collaborative tools and expertise locatorslibraries, electronic collaborative tools and expertise locators..

•• EE‐‐Health and telemedicine are playing important roles in public heHealth and telemedicine are playing important roles in public health, alth,

clinical knowledge and medical practice.clinical knowledge and medical practice.


Knowledge Management for HealthKnowledge Management for Health

•• The Department has never had a GIS or KM The Department has never had a GIS or KM

Unit.Unit.•• However, GIS and KM functions are However, GIS and KM functions are

included in the organisational structure of included in the organisational structure of

the Department.the Department.•• Locational mapping of health facilities has Locational mapping of health facilities has

been done by external agencies (no been done by external agencies (no

attribute data).attribute data).•• This data is not being utilized.This data is not being utilized.•• HospitalHospital‐‐based District Health Infobased District Health Informationrmation

Systems (DHIS) is the main databaSystems (DHIS) is the main database se

system system in use. in use. •• Therefore, policyTherefore, policy‐‐makers, health makers, health

practitioners and communities often lack practitioners and communities often lack

relevant information and knowledge when relevant information and knowledge when

and where they actually need it. and where they actually need it.


GIS & KM in Limpopo Health DepartmentGIS & KM in Limpopo Health Department

IntranetIntranet

Virtual

library

Virtual

library

e‐mailing

lists

e‐mailing

lists

BloggingBlogging

TeamWorksTeamWorks

KM TechnologiesKnowledge SharingKnowledge

capture

Knowledge Discovery


PHISPHIS

UNV

Database

UNV

Database

Local Profs

Database

Local Profs

Database

MIS/GISMIS/GIS

DHISDHIS

Resource

Centre

Resource

Centre

Case

Study

Databas

e

Case

Study

Databas

e

Best

Practice

Pilot

Best

Practice

Pilot

Community(s) of PracticeCommunity(s) of Practice

Seminar SeriesSeminar Series

KM Task TeamKM Task Team

Exchange ProgramsExchange Programs

Overview of KM Plan for LimpopoOverview of KM Plan for LimpopoOverview of KM Plan for Limpopo


Hospital Profiles•OPD averages•No. of Beds•No of Doctors•Vacancy rates•Medical services

offered

•Hospital nursing school •Research activities•Community education•Hospital outreach

programmes

Hospital Profiles•OPD averages•No. of Beds•No of Doctors•Vacancy rates•Medical services

offered•Hospital nursing school •Research activities•Community education•Hospital outreach

programmes

Rapid Situation Analysis Included Mapping of:Rapid Situation Analysis Included Mapping of:Rapid Situation Analysis Included Mapping of:

KM Tools & Methods•Libraries•Community information

centres

•Documentation centres•Databases•Mobile phone reception•Email•Website•Intranet•Tele‐conference•Video‐conference•IT infrastructure

KM Tools & Methods•Libraries•Community information

centres•Documentation centres•Databases•Mobile phone reception•Email•Website•Intranet•Tele‐conference•Video‐conference•IT infrastructure

KM Activities•Meetings•Membership to

forums

•Professional

membership

•Seminars•Conferences•Distribution of

information

•HR development

KM Activities•Meetings•Membership to

forums•Professional

membership•Seminars•Conferences•Distribution of

information•HR development

Next, mapping of the following to done:Next, mapping of the following to done:Next, mapping of the following to done:

• Traditional healers• Traditional / community

midwifery• Hospital catchment areas• Facility resources• Primary health catchment

areas• Disease prevalence (e.g.

cholera)• EMS coverage and network

analysis• Private hospitals



Situation analysis resultsSituation analysis results


Usable beds at facilitiesUsable beds at facilities


KM Tools: Doctors’

Access to the InternetKM Tools: Doctors’

Access to the Internet

Availability of library and information resource centres at facility or within 30min drive (50km buffer)


Doctors’

Access to Libraries & the Internet: Reallocation of resources to focus on isolated hospitals


State of IT Infrastructure


Functional Tele‐medicine facilities with 30min radius coverage


Weaknesses and threats in the Weaknesses and threats in the

mainstreaming of Knowledge Management :mainstreaming of Knowledge Management :

Inadequate formal policies, norms, Inadequate formal policies, norms,

standards and strategies; standards and strategies;

managerial and leadership styles that managerial and leadership styles that

hinder learning, or knowledge sharing hinder learning, or knowledge sharing

and application;and application;

poor ICT infrastructure and the poor ICT infrastructure and the

subsequent digital divide; and subsequent digital divide; and

limited human and financial limited human and financial

resources.resources.


ChallengesChallenges

•• Assist the provincial DoH in setting up a GISAssist the provincial DoH in setting up a GIS

•• GIS will be utilized to map health and healthGIS will be utilized to map health and health‐‐related tacit, traditional and related tacit, traditional and

oral knowledge, particularly in rural areas. oral knowledge, particularly in rural areas.

•• KM, including learning, sharing and application, to be made an iKM, including learning, sharing and application, to be made an integral ntegral

part of the managerial culture in Limpopopart of the managerial culture in Limpopo’’s health sector.s health sector.

•• KM is to be strongly associated with health information systems,KM is to be strongly associated with health information systems,

health health

research and human resources development.research and human resources development.

•• Regular situation analysis of KM at district and provincial leveRegular situation analysis of KM at district and provincial levels ls

through surveys and special studies will be performed using GISthrough surveys and special studies will be performed using GIS. .

•• Such analyses will generate evidence; identify best practices; cSuch analyses will generate evidence; identify best practices; consider onsider

explicit, tacit, communityexplicit, tacit, community‐‐based and traditional knowledge; and locate based and traditional knowledge; and locate

available expertise.available expertise.

•• Finally, KM to be embedded across the health system, including aFinally, KM to be embedded across the health system, including all ll

programmes and projects.programmes and projects.


Next StepsNext Steps


Thank YouThank You


Please Help!!!

UNV Medical Volunteers Required for Limpopo!

Visit:www.unv.org

[email protected]+27 15 297 0166

http://www.unv.org/

mailto:[email protected]

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