notable earthquakes in the mediterranean region notable earthquakes in the mediterranean region dr....
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NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
Dr. Walter Hays,
Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION
• THE SEISMICITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED FOR OVER 2000 YEARS
• MANY IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST HAVE BEEN DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SOMETIMES TSUNAMIS
• THE SEISMICITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED FOR OVER 2000 YEARS
• MANY IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST HAVE BEEN DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SOMETIMES TSUNAMIS
2150 BC EARTHQUAKE2150 BC EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 2150 BC
• EVENT
• 2150 BC• CONSEQUENCES
• SODOM AND GOMORRAH DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• SODOM AND GOMORRAH DESTROYED
525 BC EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
525 BC EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
• EVENT
• 525 BC
• COASTAL LEBANON
• EVENT
• 525 BC
• COASTAL LEBANON
• CONSEQUENCES
• TYRE DESTROYED BY TSUNAMI
• CONSEQUENCES
• TYRE DESTROYED BY TSUNAMI
140 BC EARTHQUAKE140 BC EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 140 BC
• COASTAL LEBANON
• EVENT
• 140 BC
• COASTAL LEBANON
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI STRIKES TYRE
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI STRIKES TYRE
31 BC EARTHQUAKE31 BC EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 31 BC
• AT LEAST MAGNITUDE 7
• JORDAN VALLEY
• EVENT
• 31 BC
• AT LEAST MAGNITUDE 7
• JORDAN VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• ONE OF THE LARGEST SHOCKS IN 2000 YEARS
• CONSEQUENCES
• ONE OF THE LARGEST SHOCKS IN 2000 YEARS
DECEMBER 3M 115 AD EARTHQUAKE
DECEMBER 3M 115 AD EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 3, 115 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 3, 115 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST
• CONSEQUENCES
• ANTIOCH DEVASTATED
• CONSEQUENCES
• ANTIOCH DEVASTATED
306 AD EARTHQUAKE306 AD EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 306 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST
• EVENT
• 306 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI
349 AD EARTHQUAKE349 AD EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 349 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• EVENT
• 349 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• CONSEQUENCES
• MOST OF BEIRUT DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• MOST OF BEIRUT DESTROYED
AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD EARTHQUAKES
AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD EARTHQUAKES
• EVENT
• AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• EVENT
• AUGUST 21-22, 502 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• CONSEQUENCES
• DAMAGE FROM TYRE TO ALEPPO
• CONSEQUENCES
• DAMAGE FROM TYRE TO ALEPPO
JULY 6, 551 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
JULY 6, 551 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
• EVENT
• JULY 6, 551 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• MAY BE LARGEST MAGNITUDE EVENT IN LEVANT
• EVENT
• JULY 6, 551 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• MAY BE LARGEST MAGNITUDE EVENT IN LEVANT
• CONSEQUENCES
• TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BEIRUT AND A LARGE AREA
• TSUNAMI
• TECTONIC DEFORMATION
• CONSEQUENCES
• TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BEIRUT AND A LARGE AREA
• TSUNAMI
• TECTONIC DEFORMATION
JUNE 658 AD EARTHQUAKEJUNE 658 AD EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• JUNE 658 AD
• SYRIA-PALESTINE
• EVENT
• JUNE 658 AD
• SYRIA-PALESTINE
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEVASTATION EVERYWHERE
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEVASTATION EVERYWHERE
JANUARY 18, 746 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
JANUARY 18, 746 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
• EVENT
• JANUARY 18, 746 AD
• M7.3
• JORDAN VALLEY
• EVENT
• JANUARY 18, 746 AD
• M7.3
• JORDAN VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• HEAVY DAMAGE IN VALLEY
• TSUNAMI
• CONSEQUENCES
• HEAVY DAMAGE IN VALLEY
• TSUNAMI
OCTOBER 881 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
OCTOBER 881 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
• EVENT
• OCTOBER 881 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST
• EVENT
• OCTOBER 881 AD
• LEVANTINE COAST
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI AT ACRE
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI AT ACRE
MAY 1053 AD EARTHQUAKEMAY 1053 AD EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• MAY 1063 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• EVENT
• MAY 1063 AD
• COASTAL LEBANON
• CONSEQUENCES
• ARQA DESTROYED AND ABANDONED
• CONSEQUENCES
• ARQA DESTROYED AND ABANDONED
AUGUST 15, 1157 EARTHQUAKEAUGUST 15, 1157 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• AUGUST 15, 1157
• MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
• BEKAA VALLEY
• EVENT
• AUGUST 15, 1157
• MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
• BEKAA VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• DAMASCUS DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• DAMASCUS DESTROYED
JUNE 29, 1170 EARTHQUAKEJUNE 29, 1170 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• JUNE 29, 1170 AD
• MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
• BEKAA VALLEY
• EVENT
• JUNE 29, 1170 AD
• MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS
• BEKAA VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
JUNE-JULY 1201 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS
JUNE-JULY 1201 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS• EVENT
• JUNE AND JULY, 1201
• LEVANTIAN COAST
• EVENT
• JUNE AND JULY, 1201
• LEVANTIAN COAST
• CONSEQUENCES
• SEISMIC SWARM
• DESTRUCTION IN CYRPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE
• TSUNAMIS
• CONSEQUENCES
• SEISMIC SWARM
• DESTRUCTION IN CYRPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE
• TSUNAMIS
MAY 20, 1202 EARTHQUAKEMAY 20, 1202 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• MAY 20, 1202
• MAGNITUDE 7.5
• BEKAA VALLEY
• EVENT
• MAY 20, 1202
• MAGNITUDE 7.5
• BEKAA VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• TRIPOLI, HOMS, AND BA’ALBEK DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• TRIPOLI, HOMS, AND BA’ALBEK DESTROYED
AUGUST 8, 1303 EARTHQUAKEAUGUST 8, 1303 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• AUGUST 8, 1303
• EGYPT
• EVENT
• AUGUST 8, 1303
• EGYPT
• CONSEQUENCES
• DAMAGE IN CAIRO AND ALEXANDRIA
• CONSEQUENCES
• DAMAGE IN CAIRO AND ALEXANDRIA
DECEMBER 1403 - JANUARY 1404 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMISDECEMBER 1403 - JANUARY 1404 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS• EVENT
• DECEMBER 1403-JANUARY 1404
• LEVANTINE COAST
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 1403-JANUARY 1404
• LEVANTINE COAST
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMI
SEPTEMBER 19, 1509 EARTHQUAKES
SEPTEMBER 19, 1509 EARTHQUAKES
• EVENT
• SEPTEMBER 10, 1509
• MARMARA SEA
• EVENT
• SEPTEMBER 10, 1509
• MARMARA SEA
• CONSEQUENCES
• ISTANBUL DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• ISTANBUL DESTROYED
JULY 21, 1752 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
JULY 21, 1752 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
• EVENT
• JULY 21, 1752
• LEVANTINE COAST
• EVENT
• JULY 21, 1752
• LEVANTINE COAST
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMIS
• CONSEQUENCES
• TSUNAMIS
NOVEMBER 25, 1759 BEKAA VALLEY EARTHQUAKE
NOVEMBER 25, 1759 BEKAA VALLEY EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 25, 1759
• MAGNITUDE 7.4
• BEKAA VALLEY
• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 25, 1759
• MAGNITUDE 7.4
• BEKAA VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• BEIRUT AND DAMASCUS DEVASTATED
• 30,000 DEAD
• CONSEQUENCES
• DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
• BEIRUT AND DAMASCUS DEVASTATED
• 30,000 DEAD
AUGUST 13, 1882 EARTHQUAKEAUGUST 13, 1882 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• AUGUST 13, 1822
• ALEPPO, SYRIA
• EVENT
• AUGUST 13, 1822
• ALEPPO, SYRIA
• CONSEQUENCES
• 20,000 KILLED
• 17,000 HOUSES DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• 20,000 KILLED
• 17,000 HOUSES DESTROYED
JANUARY 1, 1837 EARTHQUAKEJANUARY 1, 1837 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• JANUARY 1, 1837
• TIBNIN, JORDAN
• EVENT
• JANUARY 1, 1837
• TIBNIN, JORDAN
• CONSEQUENCES
• 4,000 KILLED
• CONSEQUENCES
• 4,000 KILLED
DECEMBER 12, 1856 EARTHQUAKE
DECEMBER 12, 1856 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 12, 1856
• JORDAN VALLEY
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 12, 1856
• JORDAN VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• TIBERIAS DESTROYED
• TSUNAMIS
• CONSEQUENCES
• TIBERIAS DESTROYED
• TSUNAMIS
JULY 11, 1927 EARTHQUAKEJULY 11, 1927 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• JULY 11, 1927
• MAGNITUDE 7.2
• JORDAN VALLEY
• EVENT
• JULY 11, 1927
• MAGNITUDE 7.2
• JORDAN VALLEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• JERUSALEM AND AMMAN DAMAGED
• 340 DEAD
• MANY HOUSES DAMAGED
• CONSEQUENCES
• JERUSALEM AND AMMAN DAMAGED
• 340 DEAD
• MANY HOUSES DAMAGED
DECEMBER 26, 1939 ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE EARTHQUAKE
DECEMBER 26, 1939 ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 26, 1939
• MAGNITUDE 8
• MANY AFTERSHOCKS
• ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE, TURKEY
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 26, 1939
• MAGNITUDE 8
• MANY AFTERSHOCKS
• ERZINCAN-REFAHIYE, TURKEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 43,000 KILLED
• 76,000 INJURED
• 200,000 HOUSES DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 43,000 KILLED
• 76,000 INJURED
• 200,000 HOUSES DESTROYED
MARCH 6, 1952 EARTHQUAKEMARCH 6, 1952 EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• MARCH 16, 1952
• MAGNITUDE 6
• COASTAL LEBANON, 50 KM SOUTH OF BEIRUT
• EVENT
• MARCH 16, 1952
• MAGNITUDE 6
• COASTAL LEBANON, 50 KM SOUTH OF BEIRUT
• CONSEQUENCES
• 136 DEAD
• 6.000 HOUSES DESTROYED
• CONSEQUENCES
• 136 DEAD
• 6.000 HOUSES DESTROYED
OCTOBER 10, 1980 EL ASNAM EARTHQUAQKE
OCTOBER 10, 1980 EL ASNAM EARTHQUAQKE
• EL ASNAM, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
• OCTOBER 10, 1980
• 2,500 DEATHS
• 300,000 HOMELESS
• > $ 4 BILLION IN LOSSES (10 % OF ALGERIA’S GDP)
• EL ASNAM, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
• OCTOBER 10, 1980
• 2,500 DEATHS
• 300,000 HOMELESS
• > $ 4 BILLION IN LOSSES (10 % OF ALGERIA’S GDP)
NOVEMBER 23, 1980 IRPINIA, ITALY EARTHQUAKE
NOVEMBER 23, 1980 IRPINIA, ITALY EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 23, 1980
• MAGNITUDE 6.9
• IRPINIA-BASILICATA, ITALY
• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 23, 1980
• MAGNITUDE 6.9
• IRPINIA-BASILICATA, ITALY
• CONSEQUENCES
• 2,914 KILLED AND 10,000 INJURED
• 300,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED
• AN ESTIMATED $50 BILLION IN LOSSES
• CONSEQUENCES
• 2,914 KILLED AND 10,000 INJURED
• 300,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED
• AN ESTIMATED $50 BILLION IN LOSSES
DECEMBER 13, 1982 DAHMAR EARTHQUAKE
DECEMBER 13, 1982 DAHMAR EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 13, 1982
• MAGNITUDE 6
• DAHMAR, YEMEN
• EVENT
• DECEMBER 13, 1982
• MAGNITUDE 6
• DAHMAR, YEMEN
• CONSEQUENCES
• 15,000 KILLED OR INJURED
• 500,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED
• CONSEQUENCES
• 15,000 KILLED OR INJURED
• 500,000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED
MARCH 13, 1992 ERZINCAN EARTHQUAKE
MARCH 13, 1992 ERZINCAN EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• MARCH 13, 1992
• MAGNITUDE 7.1
• ERZINCAN, TURKEY
• EVENT
• MARCH 13, 1992
• MAGNITUDE 7.1
• ERZINCAN, TURKEY
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 653 DEAD
• 3,850 INJURED
• 50,000 HOMELESS
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 653 DEAD
• 3,850 INJURED
• 50,000 HOMELESS
OCTOBER 12, 1992 DAHSHOUR EARTHQUAKE
OCTOBER 12, 1992 DAHSHOUR EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• OCTOBER 12, 1992
• MAGNITUDE 5.9
• DAHSHOUR, EGYPT
• EVENT
• OCTOBER 12, 1992
• MAGNITUDE 5.9
• DAHSHOUR, EGYPT
• CONSEQUENCES
• 7,000 KILLED OR INJURED
• 1,000 SCHOOLS DAMAGED
• CONSEQUENCES
• 7,000 KILLED OR INJURED
• 1,000 SCHOOLS DAMAGED
NOVEMBER 23, 1995 GULF OF AQABA EVENT
NOVEMBER 23, 1995 GULF OF AQABA EVENT
• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 23, 1995 MAGNITUDE 7.5
• GULF OF AQABA
• EVENT
• NOVEMBER 23, 1995 MAGNITUDE 7.5
• GULF OF AQABA
• CONSEQUENCS
• DAMAGE TO BUILDNGS IN BORDER REGIONS OF JORDAN, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND SAUDI ARABIA
• CONSIDERED A “WAKE UP CALL”
• CONSEQUENCS
• DAMAGE TO BUILDNGS IN BORDER REGIONS OF JORDAN, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND SAUDI ARABIA
• CONSIDERED A “WAKE UP CALL”
AUGUST 17, 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
AUGUST 17, 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 3:02 AM AUGUST 17, 1999
• MAGNITUDE 7.4
• KOCAELI, TURKEY
• INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND AND 12,500 SQUARE KM IMPACTED
• EVENT
• 3:02 AM AUGUST 17, 1999
• MAGNITUDE 7.4
• KOCAELI, TURKEY
• INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND AND 12,500 SQUARE KM IMPACTED
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 17,127 KILLED
• 43,953 INJURED
• 250,000 HOMELESS
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 17,127 KILLED
• 43,953 INJURED
• 250,000 HOMELESS
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS
KOCAELI EARTHQUAKEKOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
• INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND DEVASTATED
• OIL REFINERY
• AUTO PLANT
• 30,500 BUSINESSES AFFECTED
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS
• INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND DEVASTATED
• OIL REFINERY
• AUTO PLANT
• 30,500 BUSINESSES AFFECTED
• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS
IMPACT AREA OF KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
IMPACT AREA OF KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE
NOVEMBER 12, 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE
NOVEMBER 12, 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 6:57 PM NOVEMBER 12, 1999
• MAGNITUDE 7.2
• DUZCE, TURKEY, 185 KM EAST OF ISTANBUL
• EVENT
• 6:57 PM NOVEMBER 12, 1999
• MAGNITUDE 7.2
• DUZCE, TURKEY, 185 KM EAST OF ISTANBUL
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 500 DEAD
• 3,000 INJURED
• TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY DAMAGED
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE
• 500 DEAD
• 3,000 INJURED
• TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY DAMAGED
MAY 21, 2003 BOUMERDES, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
MAY 21, 2003 BOUMERDES, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE
• EVENT
• 7:45 PM MAY 21, 2003
• MAGNITUDE 6.8
• BOUMERDES PROVINCE, ALGERIA, 60 KM FROM ALGIERS
• EVENT
• 7:45 PM MAY 21, 2003
• MAGNITUDE 6.8
• BOUMERDES PROVINCE, ALGERIA, 60 KM FROM ALGIERS
• CONSEQUENCES
• AFRICA-EURASIA PLATE COLLISION; ZEMMOURI FAULT
• 2,266 DEAD; 10,261 INJURED
• 1,241 BUILDINGS DAMAGED ; 150,000 HOMELESS
• CONSEQUENCES
• AFRICA-EURASIA PLATE COLLISION; ZEMMOURI FAULT
• 2,266 DEAD; 10,261 INJURED
• 1,241 BUILDINGS DAMAGED ; 150,000 HOMELESS
BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
APRIL 6, 2009 L’AQUILLA (ABRUZZO) EARTHQUAKEAPRIL 6, 2009 L’AQUILLA
(ABRUZZO) EARTHQUAKE• EVENT
• 3:30 AM APRIL 6, 2009
• MAGNITUDE 6.3
• L’AQUILLA, ITALY, 70 KM FROM ROME
• EVENT
• 3:30 AM APRIL 6, 2009
• MAGNITUDE 6.3
• L’AQUILLA, ITALY, 70 KM FROM ROME
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM
• 300 DEAD
• AN ESTIMATED 11,000 BUILDINGS DAMAGED
• CONSEQUENCES
• NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM
• 300 DEAD
• AN ESTIMATED 11,000 BUILDINGS DAMAGED