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POLITICS OF SLAVERY

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Page 1: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

POLITICS OF SLAVERY

Page 2: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

NORTH VS SOUTH

NORTH SOUTH

By the early 19th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction

southern states were building the largest slave society in the New World

Page 3: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

MASON-DIXON LINE

The colonial surveyor’s line that came to represent the divide between slave and free

Page 4: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

SLAVE SOCIETY

The South was not merely a society with slaves. It had become a slave society. Slavery shaped the region’s economy, culture, social structure, and politics.

Whites south of the Mason-Dixon line believed that slavery was necessary and just. By making all blacks outcasts, all whites bound themselves together

Page 5: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

CAN ONE BE ANTI-SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH?

Anti-slavery Southerners were hounded from speaking out; professors, clerics, or politicians who even were slightly anti-slavery were driven from jobs and in some cases the victims of violence

Page 6: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

WHITE MEN IN THE SOUTH

Argued about many things. The things they agreed on: Take land from Indians Promote agriculture Uphold white supremacy Maintain masculine privilege Defend all of the above from

enemies

Page 7: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

WILMOT PROVISO

August 1846, Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot proposed that Congress bar slavery in all lands acquired in the War with Mexico

Northerners of both parties supported it Southerners of both parties were outraged Southerners demanded political parity—

equal power in Washington

Page 8: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

DAVID WILMOT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Page 9: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

THE TERRITORIES?

Should slavery be extended to the territories? The Wilmot Proviso says no A compromise of “popular sovereignty” is

proposed—let those who live in the territory decide

Page 10: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

CONGRESS DOES NOT ACT

The House of Representatives passed the Wilmot Proviso (it is dominated by northern states)

The Senate rejected the proviso (it is dominated by slave states)

It becomes an issue in the election of 1848

Page 11: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

POLITICAL PARTIES

All political parties were split between those advocating slavery and those against it

Page 12: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

ELECTION OF 1848

Democrats: Lewis Cass (‘popular sovereignty’)

Whigs: Zachary Taylor (Mexican War hero)

Free Soil Party: Martin Van Buren

Page 13: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

FREE SOIL PARTY

Anti-slavery Whigs and anti-slavery Democrats founded the Free Soil Party, making slavery the central issue of the campaign

Neither the Whigs nor Democrats took an official stand on slavery in the election of 1848

Page 14: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

ZACHARY TAYLOR

Taylor supported the Free Soil approach to the territories—surprising given that he was a Southerner and slaveholder

He encouraged California and New Mexico to draw up constitutions to apply for statehood promptly

Page 15: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

CONGRESSIONAL SESSION OF 1849

One of the most contentious and significant sessions in its history

Senator Henry Clay proposed a series of resolutions that sought to balance the interests of the slave and free states: The Omnibus Bill

both the anti-slavery people and the “fire-eaters” or radical secessionist Southerner’s savaged Clay’s plan and it failed

Page 16: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

SENATOR DANIEL WEBSTER

Sanctioned compromise, stating that the new territories did not have the climate appropriate for slavery, making it a mute point

Northerners thought he abandoned their cause

Page 17: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

SENATOR STEPHEN DOUGLAS

broke Clay’s compromise into its various parts and skillfully ushered each part through Congress

Combined, the various bills are known as the Compromise of 1850

Page 18: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

COMPROMISE OF 1850

California entered the Union as a free state

New Mexico and Utah would be decided by popular sovereignty

Texas accepted its boundary with New Mexico

Slave trade in Washington DC would be abolished

Fugitive slave laws would be more stringent

Page 19: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

COMPROMISE OF 1850

Page 20: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

THE COMPROMISE

It is more a testament to Douglas’s political skills than to real compromise

It preserved the Union, but only temporarily

Page 21: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

1850

President Zachary Taylor died President Millard Fillmore succeeds him California is admitted to the Union Fugitive Slave Act is passed

Page 22: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

The most explosive measure of the Compromise of 1850

Southerners thought the North betrayed the Compromise

In the North there were some “personal liberty laws” that provided some fugitives with protection

Brutal enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act radicalized the North

Page 23: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

HARRIET BEECHER STOWE

Page 24: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 1854

Page 25: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building
Page 26: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

JOHN BROWN

Page 27: NORTHSOUTH By the early 19 th century, northern states had either abolished slavery or put it on the road to extinction southern states were building

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