north american white tail deer. give birth to live young mammary glands warm-blooded cloven hoof...
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North American
White Tail Deer
Hooved Mammals
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Hooved Mammals - Characteristics
Give birth to live youngMammary glandsWarm-blooded
Cloven Hoof Ruminant
Single Hoof
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Scientific Name: Odocoileus virginianus
Also known as:Whitetail deerVirginia deer
Annual Harvest: 400,000
Texas population: Approximately 4
millionRuminant
Chews cudFour compartment
stomachRegurgitates Food
Whitetail DeerIntroduction
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BodySmall to medium hoofed mammal
with reddish to blue-gray or tan colorings
Underside of tail is white
Antlers Consist mainly of main beam with
tines growing from it
Whitetail DeerPhysical Description
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Whitetail Deer Buck
Doe
Fawn
Less than one year old
Spike
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Whitetail DeerCharacteristics
Sharp eyes
Communication:Snorting, stomping
feet, smell raise the tail "flagging", voice call
Top speed: 30-35 mph
Life span: Usually 10 years or younger
Maturity: 15 – 20 months both does and bucks
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Whitetail DeerAntlers
Antler: A solid bony process that
arises from the frontal bone on the head of a deer
Begin April – Shed February
Velvet: A soft, vascular tissue
found on developing antlers
Provides nourishment to antlers
Prime Development:5 1/2 to 6 ½ years of
age
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Whitetail DeerAntlers
Spike: An un-branched antler
of a male deer Attributed to genetics,
nutrition, age
Tine: A pointed branch off the
main beam
Point: Must be at least 1inch
(includes the main beam)
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Drop Tines
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Typical or Not?A B
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3-7 pounds of dry matter per day
14% - 18% protein
Woody plants, forbs or weeds, grasses
May include: peanuts, corn, peas, clover, oats, ryegrass, wheat, etc.Example: food plots
Whitetail DeerDiet
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Increased eating of grass may indicate:Over populationPoor conditionsToo much competition
½ to 1 gallon of water/dayNeed water within 1 to 3 miles
Whitetail DeerDiet
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Texas has most white-tailed deer of any state
Buck’s range is 2-4 times larger than does
Texas hill country is most densely populated area in the country
West Texas and the Panhandle are the only spotty areas for whitetails
Whitetail DeerRange
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Inhabits forest, swamps, open brushy areas, foothill plains, and river bottoms
Limited movementRarely more than one to two miles
Whitetail DeerHabitat
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Male is polygamous Breeds more than one female
Rut: October - DecemberMaturity: 15 – 20 months both
does and bucksSpotted fawns
twins are normal
Whitetail DeerReproduction
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Does - 3 estrus cycles per year
Doe receptive to buck about 28 hrs. Back in heat 28 days later if not bred
Gestation period: 200 days
Fawns weaned at about 4 months
Whitetail DeerReproduction
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Texas population: Approximately 4 million
Ideal ratio: 1:1 ratio
Healthy herd: Can withstand 30% harvest
High number of Spikes: Indicates a management problem
Whitetail DeerTexas Population
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Record Worthy Antlers
Typical 213 5/8 B&C
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Over population???