nitrate and conductivity record...1851 1849 helka 1597 cosiquina 1835 babuyan claro 1831. 1991....

1
1984 1807 MT. ST. HELENS 1801 1794 1789 LAKI 1783 1774 1772 1763 TARUMAI 1739 1730 KRAFLA 1728 ORAEFAJOKLL 1727 MYVATEN FIRE 1724 1721 KATLA 1721 1719 HELKA 1693 KATLA 1918 TAMBORA 1815 1813 KATMAI 1912 1909 TUNGUSKA EVENT 1908 TARUMAI 1667 KATLA 1660 1898 1896 1888* 1885 WHITE RIVER ASH 1885 KRAKATAU 1883 1877 1876 FURNAS 1630 KATLA 1625 1864 WHITE LIGHT FLARE 1859 SHEVELUCH 1854 CHIKURACHKI-TATARINOV 1853 1851 1849 HELKA 1597 COSIQUINA 1835 BABUYAN CLARO 1831 1991 1990 1989 ST. AUGUSTINE 1986 SAKURA-JIMA 1977? 1974 1972 HEKLA 1970 SHEVELUCH 1969 1963 1962 NOVAYAZEMLYA 1961 H-BOMB TEST ASKJA 1961 1960 1958 1951 1949 HELKA 1947 1942 1941 Plates Ia and Ib Micro-resolution records of simultaneous nitrate concentrations in relative units (blue curve) and liquid conductivity (orange curve) from the Central Greenland Ice Sheet. The x-axis is proporational to the true depth below the surface (122m) and has not been adjust- ed for compaction. Nitrate background dis- plays a prominent seasonal cycle. The nitrate anomalies are apparently caused in most casas by individuals solar particle events (dates have been marked in blue). Black ar- rows at the bottom of the graph indicate times of sunspot maxima (up) and sunspot minima (down). The numbers at the top of the graph indicate the approximate summer peaks of the years of the most recent maximum in solar activity. Asterisks next to major peaks indicate that these anomalies are part of the ongoing evaluattion programs. Areas of gray shading represent portions of the core resam- pled for confrmation. Absorbance units (100 x 10 -4 ) convert to 20.4 μg/l NO 3 -N or 90.3 ng/g NO 3 . Anomalous conductivity peaks indicate the years of specific volcanic eruptions. 1929 1928 RAIKOKE 1924 1922 HELKA 1693 TAMBORA 1815

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Page 1: Nitrate and Conductivity Record...1851 1849 Helka 1597 cosiquina 1835 babuyan claro 1831. 1991. 1990. 1989. st. augustine 1986. sakura-jima 1977? 1974 . 1972 Hekla 1970 sHevelucH 1969

1984

1807

mt.

st.

Hel

ens

1801 1794

1789

laki

178

3

1774 17

72

1763

tar

um

ai 1

739

1730 kr

aFla

172

8 o

rae

Fajo

kῡll

172

7

myv

aten

Fir

e 17

24

1721

kat

la 1

721

1719

Hel

ka 1

693

katl

a 19

18ta

mbo

ra

1815

1813

katm

ai 1

912

1909

tun

gu

ska

even

t 19

08

tar

um

ai 1

667

katl

a 16

6018

98

1896

1888

*

1885

WH

ite

riv

er a

sH 1

885

krak

a tau

188

3

1877

1876

Fur

nas

163

0

katl

a 16

25

1864

WH

ite

lig

Ht

Flar

e 18

59

sHev

elu

cH

185

4

cH

iku

rac

Hki

-tat

arin

ov

1853 18

51

1849

Hel

ka 1

597

co

siq

uin

a 18

35

babu

yan

cla

ro

183

1

1991

1990

1989

st. a

ug

ust

ine

1986

saku

ra-

jim

a 19

77?

1974

1972

Hek

la 1

970

sHev

elu

cH

196

9

1963

1962

n

ova

yaze

mly

a 19

61 H

-bo

mb

test

askj

a 19

61

1960

1958

1951

1949

Hel

ka 1

947

1942

1941

Plates ia and ib

micro-resolution records of simultaneous nitrate concentrations in relative units (bluecurve) and liquid conductivity (orange curve)from the central greenland ice sheet. the x-axis is proporational to the true depth belowthe surface (122m) and has not been adjust-ed for compaction. nitrate background dis-plays a prominent seasonal cycle. the nitrate anomalies are apparently caused in mostcasas by individuals solar particle events(dates have been marked in blue). black ar-rows at the bottom of the graph indicate timesof sunspot maxima (up) and sunspot minima(down). the numbers at the top of the graph indicate the approximate summer peaks ofthe years of the most recent maximum insolar activity. asterisks next to major peaks indicate that these anomalies are part of theongoing evaluattion programs. areas of gray shading represent portions of the core resam-pled for confirmation. Absorbance units (100 x 10-4 ) convert to 20.4 μg/l NO3-N or 90.3 ng/g no3. anomalous conductivity peaks indicate the years of specific volcanic eruptions.

1929

1928

rai

koke

192

4

1922

Hel

ka 1

693

tam

bor

a 18

15