NEWCASTLE.ENORMOUS COAL WEALTH.

sumption bas to be taken into consideration. This rauges inthe vicillity of 40~;; of tbe annual production. The lLctmd out­put of the 'colliel'l~s ill r,he Ne\vcl~stle and l\hitlancl sen,ms in1909 \VlLS 4,801,361 tOilS, of the vldue at the pits' mouth of£1,990,217: in 19]3 the ouq,Jl1t rooe to 7,402,6]7 LOllS, of t,hevalue of £2.892,].56. To [JlOduce this coal 13,509 persous \vereemployed abo\e :luLl ]lelo\v grouuc1.

The Lle\'elolJlllellt \vitbin receut years of sealllS in theSouth MaitL1,nd field, \vbich lllijoills l:\e\\"castle am1 of \vhichNe,vcc1,stle is tIle sbippiug port, bas given a substallLial fillipto the coal illdustry. Sevemllarge collieries are in full \Villningthere, others n,re clevelopillg, r,nL1 a couple are on Lhe eve ofdrawing coal. Amougst the llLtter is Richmond Main, theequipment aud opening of which has illvolved an outlay ofupwards of half r, miliion sterling. It is the best equippedcolliery in the southern hemisuhere f\.llCl its output \vhen infull ,,~rk \vill be 4,000 tOllS pel: clay.

The coal \von up to tbe preseut aggregates avproximaLely150,000,000 tons to 175,000,000 tous, ndne,l in roundfigures at £7.5,000,000 but accol'lliug to the estimates ofcreologists, only the frillge of tbe resourCES hn,s beentoucbecl. Professor DllSicl, of Sydlle,' Universit". \Y!1O isthe latest anthoritv 011 the subject, ill Hl07 estimated the ,ueaof un\vorkeL1 COlLI ill the Maitbllcl fiel,} nt JiSS square miles,\vith a total qwmtity of 945,.500,000 tollS of huge ,end3];3.500,000 tous of slllall cOid, value,l at £;367,000,000. .'l.tthe then nne of production be estinmtecl that quantity ,,'ouldlast ] 68 ven,rs In tbe same lJublicHtion Professor D,widestimated the gross quautity of unworkecl coal ill the area of theN e\vcastle measmes at 4,917,000,000, or, after lLllo\ving one-thinlfor \v"ste in \\"illniug, sufficient to last, at the mte of procluctionfor botll fields in 1913, for a period of 413 years. The valueOtt tbe same basis Oll "hich he yalued the Maitland estimatewould be £1,474,300,000! It will be readily recognised there­fore that N e"castle has assured resources, and it seems a

Value,£132.984

-591,090] ,882,8571,730,274],725,621

required for hOllle con-

Ne\yc,Lstle is the second port of Ne\y South Wales, 62miles by se" aud 104 miles by rail, llortlt of Sydney, and inpoint of shipping Lonnage milks as the "hird port in "heCommollwealth. Its official history diLtes from 1797, for inthat year Lieut, Shortland, seMchillg for l'Ul1a\yay cOllviets,disco\'ered the estuary of \vlmt is nmv kno\\"u as the HunLerRi\'er-a hroad exp'anse of \veJl:prorected IHubor. Theposition ""S utilised as a com'ict settlement nutil 1822, auduntil 1829 the riYer \yas lmowu as the Co"l Rjyer. Thisname arose from the fact tlmt the year before Lieut. Shortlr,ncl"svisit, a party of \yeather-stressed Sydney fisberllleu, tal, i llgshelter in the harbor, discovered traces of coal, and ShorUandwas ab18 to amply substantiate their report. No systematicBndeayour was made to exploit the find, ho\\"e\'er. until 1829.Iu that year the .-'lustmliau ,-\gricultuml COlllpallY \vn.s gi\'en agrant of 2000 acres in and arouncl the to\vn, in \\"hicb to minefor coal. By 1859 a fair amount of deYelopment had takenplace, n.nd explorations had showll that the ll1iueml existedin considerable Quantities, That year marks the commence­meut of the won,lerful developtllent in the industry that hasestablished Newcastle one of the largest co[1,1 producing centresiu "he world. What tbe expansion has lJeen and the impor­tance of the cO[1,l trilde, are illdicated hy the follo\ving tigures,,,'hich show the quantity aud yalue of coal exported from theNe\vcastle and adjlwellt Maitland fields to .'l.ustralasian, Britishand foreign ports at various periods .-

Year. TOllS,

18.59 173,93.5187~J 860,375J899 ],478,3971909 3,5]9.997]913 5,]36,621

In addition to the exports, coal

design of natme that all ,\dmirable poet exists foe the shipmentof tbe coal. Though facilities are extensive, hO\\'e\'er, teadehas outgeown tbeir capacity awl enlargements are in peogeess.Two and a half miles of additional wharfage is in comse ofconstruction: a schems has been foemnlated \,hich will give yetanotbee 14 miles or accol1ll11olhtion, ~1nd coal-loading i\ppliancesaee being inceeased. The baeboe will float vessels dra\ying upto 25ft. 01' 26ft. of water with safety, and a scheme is undel'consideration foe the constmction of a Boating dock, esr,imaterlto cost £110,000, capable of dealing with yessels up to 8,500tons

Newcastle is rapidly growir;g as an industl'i~d cent,l'e Inaddition to a lae"e number of industries already est",blisbedand others in cOl~rse of establishment, the Beoken Hill Pro­prietary Company is eeecting extensi \'e steel works Ol~ theharbor front at Port ,Vaeatab, represellting an enteqlrlse ofapproximately £4,000,000. Opposite these woeks, at WalshIsland, the State Government is laying down docks, sbip­building and general engineeeing works. Between them thesetwo great undertakings will employ at least 5,000 m"n

The shipping trade of the Port is rapidly assuming greatervolume It is quite the ordinaey thing to see 40 to 50 sailingvessels from all parts of the world awaiting tbeie cargoes,whilst there are also al ways a large numher of steamers,these on rare occasions eeaching to nearly 40. During 1913the British and foreign coal vessels cleared at the port tot,.t11ed1858, representing a tonnage of 3,621,054. In addition about3,200 coastal yessels \,ere cleared. In botb there was ~1 sub­stantial inceease over the preceding year.

MUNICIPAL WEALTH.The district population has gro\yn at a corresponQlug

rate. At the end of 1913 the population of the city andsuburbs \\'as 83,720, of Iyhich 15,000 \vere in the city proper.Municipally the city is wealthy. The unimproved c11,pitalvalue of peopeety for taxation purposes is set do,,'n at£1,608,531, the unimproved capital value at £3.535,578. Theunimproved capital value in the eleven suburban municipalities

is set down ar. £1,498,782. The city is equipped with model'llmunicipal sen'ices, which are also being extended to suburbs,and has also train and tram services which maintain freqnentcommunication \yith adjoining suburbs aud tlistricts. Thepublic buildings are, on the whole, ornate, and lIumel'OUS re­buildings are rapidly transforming the cit~, in this eespect.

CENTRAL PLEASURE RESORT.Newcastle has H.lSO tile distinctiou or being the ceEtre of

numerous plertsure resorts .\ considerahle amount of mouey1ms been spent on equipping the heaches t brtt adjoin, :1nd lll'eclose to the city, and for picnicking purposes they hal-e felY,if any, equals in the ComlUonwenltlJ Port Stephens, 20 milesaway, and reachable by frequent steamer sen ice is one of theparadises of the angler, to whom it offers abundance of sportbesides beautiful scenery. Southward are several extensivebeaches, notable amongst them i\lerewether, 20 minutes tramride from the city, and Lake l\lacquarie with its numerousbays and inlets. Access to the beauties of Lake Macquarieis easy by railway, which terminates at Toronto, but by leavingthe train at Cockle 'Creek the journey dowu the Lake can bemaoe by steamer, and it is a most delightful trip. Numerousvillages are springing up all around the Lake antl every yearthey attract increasing crowds of picnickers, camperS-Oll t andweek-enders, for the conditions of life are ideal Sport is plenti­ful alld the 365 miles of shore liue, as \vell asthe mainlrtnd,aff~rds an ever-changing wealth of scenery. From Ne\vcastlealso steamer tril1s can be made un the Huncer, aua bi'ancbiugoff into the Williams and the Pate'rson, and the \yhole jOUl'uey isthrough a kaledioscopic variety of picturesque cOUlJt.ry, whicbnever fails to charm the eye, delight the senses ,cud invigoratethe tourist, Inland from the city the attractions are not lesspowerful, a short trHm, train, motor or coach joul'l1ey lanGsthe rambler amongst scenery of hill aue! dale that enchants.It is easy to understand, therefore, that for small expenseNewcastle can offer exceptional holiday attractions amidst allits enormous mineral wealth.

Nobbys.

Newcastle from Clock Tower.

The Cliffs, near Bogey Hole.

King's Wharf.

Post Office.

\.

Ne\Ncastle Beach.

Higl'! School

Hunter Street West.

Upper Reserve-(Band Playing).

Court House.

Toronto, Lake Macquarie. Newcastle Co.'s Pit.

Upper Reserve.

Cust:orn House•

.4~.-~__-.~~ -"._._.__. _--.A

Merewe~herBeach. Upper Reserve.

Nobbys.

Hospital and Nurses' Home.

Dudley Coal Mine.

Newcast Ie Beach.

Spier's Point:, Lake Macquarie­(Camping Out).

Hospit:al, Wallsend.

A.A. Coy.'s Shoot:.

Toront:o, Lake Macquarie.

Nobb:ys from Fort: Scrat:chley.

Leaving Newcastle for Sydney.

Hunter Street.

Rough Sea, near Bogey Hole.

McMyler Hoist-The Dyke.

The Glebe Colliery.

Newcastle Harbour

The Hill and Obelisk.

Boat:ing on Cockle Creek.

Barque" Adolphe,'"\Nrecked on Oyst:er Bank.

St:. Mary's.

Hunter Street, Ne\Ncastle.

Lambt:on B Pit:.

-'~'---: ----Allyn River flo\NS int:o t:he Pat:erson

Toront:o, Lake Macquarie

Hatnilt:on Park.

:Among the Willows at Paterson. Haymaking-Maitland District

1-----------------------------;------------------

Used for Carting Water toHouseholders, Toronto, Lake Macquarie.

Hospital, Maitland.

High Street, West Maitland.

Entrance,to Lake Macquarie.

A Scene on the Allyn River.

Haymaklng-Maitland District.

Methodist Church, Hamilton.

Soldiers' Baths and Nobbys

__ I

.........._-- --:-~.~~- ---... ~...-.

King's Wharf.

-~---------!---------------I

A Scene on the Allyn River.

Ships awaiting Coal.

The Bend, Ironbar-k Creek.

Hetton Colliery.

~

Catherina Hill Bay Jetty.

The Avenue Spier'. Point, LakeMacquarie,

Hamilton Park.

Ne\Ncastle Harbour.

4 l' .~

. ~ - .~, ' .........-

.... '

A Stormy Sea, Ne\Ncastle Coast: Locomotive Sheds, Hamilton.

Toronto, Lake Macquarie.

Swansea, Lake Macquarie.

r-

The Dyke.

The Prornenade- Nevvcastle Beach.

Technical College.

Loading Coal-The Dyke.

Breakers.

The Rotunda, Reserve.

Glenrock, near Mere\Nether.

Loading Frozen Mutton,King's Wharf.

Miners (;oing to Work.

~

A Pretty Drive to Lake Macquarie

Hunter St.

II

II

.1

i_I

Novel Suapension Bridge over theAllyn River.

Screens at Colliery. Scott St.

- The New Compound for Waggons.

A Farm on t:he Hunt:er River.

Ironbark Creek, Wallsend.

The Lighthouse, Nobbys.

A Scene on the Paterson River.

----------------1------------------1

Cockle Creek. IShiPS (Seven Abreast) along the Dyke