new technology adoption

8/4/2019 New Technology Adoption

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New Technology AdoptionNew Technology Adoption


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Presentation Outline

Introduction

Need for a selection of Technology

Viability of the Technology

Selection of the Technology

Need for employee trainingTiming for introduction a technology ( Life cycle)

Co-ordination among various departments


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New Technology Adoption

What is it

A. Adaptation v/s AdoptionB. Adoption of technology refers to the actual acquisition and

eventual utilization of a technological product.

What it isntA.Technology is not simply adopted by acquisition of a

technological product and no actual usage is put in to it. E.g.purchasing as mobile phone and not utilizing all its availabletechnological capabilities such as PIM, Internet, Email etc

Factors influencing technology adoptionA.Use & User

B.The process of adoptionC.The process of diffusion

1.Innovation

2.Imitation


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Factors of general

relevanceA. Technical factors

1.Demand

2.Capital Cost

3.Extension Capacity

4.Compatibility withnorms & legalframework

5.Compatibility withexisting system

6.Comparativeadvantages

7.Technical skillsneeded with, oroutside the community

Factors specifically relevant to O&M

A. Technical Factors

1.Dependence on fuel, power, chemicals

2.Quality & durability of material

3.Availability of spare parts & raw material

4.O&M requirements

5.Compatibility with users expectations andpreferences ( both men & women)

6.Availability of trained personnel within thecommunity

7.Availability of skilled / expert manpowerfor maintenance

8.Potential for local manufacturing

9.Potential for standardization


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Factors of general

relevanceB. Environmental factors

1. Availability & accessibility &reliability

2. Seasonal variations

3. Quality and treatment

4. Source protection5. Risk of negative

environmental impact

C. Institutional factors

1. Legal & Regulatoryframework

2. National strategy3. Support from government,

NGOs etc

4. Transferring know-how

Factors specifically relevant to

O&MB. Environmental factors

1. Implication of treatment &protection

2. Alternate source

3. O & M implications

C. Institutional factors

1. Role of different stakeholdersand ability/willingness to takeresponsibility for O&M

2. Availability of local artisans

3. Potential involvement of private

sector4. Training and follow up

5. Skill requirement

6. Monitoring


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Factors of general

relevanceD. Community &

managerial factors

1. Local economy

2. Living pattern &population growth

3. Living standards &gender balance

E. Financial factors

1. Capital costs

2. Budget allocations &

subsidy policy3. Financial participation

of users

4. Local economy

Factors specifically relevant to

O&MD. Community & managerial factors

1. Capacity of the organization

2. Ownership

3. Technical skill

E. Financial factors

1. Ability & willingness to pay

2. Level of recurrent costs

3. Cost of spare parts & theiraccessibility

4. Payment & cost recovery system5. Financial management capacity


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Viability is a measure of how long a technical component is likely tomeet your needs before it becomes obsolete.

A. All technology tends to get out of date and needs to be upgrade from time-to-time. The technology becomes obsolete when it no longer works with thetechnology around it and can not easily be upgraded.

B. Viability partly depends on how easy and cheap it is to upgrade to thelatest versions. It is hard to keep up with latest versions if new versions areincompatible, or if the supplier charges additional license fees for the newversions.

C. The main factors affecting viability are:1. Supplier size. Large, well-established suppliers have the resources to keep

products up-to-date.

2. User base. Products with a large user base are likely to remain viable.

3. Competitive pressures. Many technically good products have failed because theyhave been outcompeted.

4. Use of established industry standards. If products use established industrystandards, then it is relatively easy to replace them with other products.


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Management tips

A. Priority - Put a high priority on selecting technology that is likely tobe around for many years.

B. Suppliers track record - Examine suppliers' track records on ease ofupgrades. Some of the largest suppliers have the worst trackrecords on ease of upgrade.

C. Standards - Look for products that follow established industrystandards. Make sure you keep to the standards and do not useproprietary extensions.

D. If you need to select a niche product that may not be viable for thelong term, consider and manage the risks.

E. Remember that viability is as much about your management of thetechnology. If you do not keep up-to-date with versions, or if youuse proprietary extensions, the product will become obsolete

faster.


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Selection of the Technology

Improves customer experience & satisfaction

Optimizes costs by eliminating wastes

Optimizes processes for Process Excellence therebyimproving productivity

Gain scalability for leaping to next level of maturity


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Need for employee training

Highly relevant to Operations & Maintenance (O&M)

A. Ownership

B. Availability of trained local personnel

C. Availability of skilled / expert manpower formaintenance

D. Training and follow upE. Technical Skill requirement

F. Monitoring & controlling


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Timing for introduction a technology ( Lifecycle)

The Early Market

The Chasm

The Bowling Alley

The Tornado

Main Street End of life

TIME

RATE


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Timing for introduction a technology (Lifecycle)

Innovators

Technology enthusiasts who are fundamentally committedto new technology on the grounds that sooner or latterit will improve their lives.

Early Adopters -

Visionaries and entrepreneurs in business and governmentwho want to use the innovation to make a break with

the past and start an entirely new future. Early Majority -

Pragmatists who make up the bulk of all technologyinfrastructure purchases; their purchasing behavior isbased on evolution rather than revolution and they buy

only when there is a proven track record of usefulproductivity improvement


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Timing for introduction a technology ( Lifecycle)

Later Majority

Conservatives who are very price sensitiveand pessimistic about the added value ofthe product; they buy only when technologyhas been simplified and commoditized

Laggards

Skeptics who are not really potentialcustomers; goal is not to sell to them, butsell around their constant criticism

Entrepreneurs make things happen


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Timing for introduction a technology

Sometimes it is worthwhile to wait and see and not

adopt immediately when benefits of technologyexceed costs.

Cost of technology may decline over time. You shouldwait if the reduction in technology cost> than thecost of waiting.

When a technology has uncertain irreversibleoutcomes- waiting to learn more is prudent.

Waiting prevent the opportunity of learning andimproving a technology- the gains from waitingshould be compared to the costs.


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Co-ordination among variousdepartments

New Technology

Finalization

Marketing / Business

Development

New Technology

Implementation

Project Department

R&D / Technology

Transfer

External Agencies

Technical /

Technology

Team

Operations

Finance Safety, Health,

Environment

EngineeringLegal /

Statutory

Supply Chain


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Thank YouThank You

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