NEUROBIOLOGY OF

ADDICTION• Prefrontal Cortex

• Affect Dysregulation

• Window of Tolerance

• Internal Working Model

• Developing Brain

BLOOMING AND PRUNING

Shame psychologically =“Unseen”

Neurologically = Ventral Tegmental – In high stress environments the dopaminergic system over pruning occurs in the first 3 years of life. Therefore, while constitutional factors (DNA) start the production of neurons, it is the environment which is responsible for the “Blooming & Pruning” of neurons and neural networks. Siegel 1999

That is the development of neural-networks (structure) and the beginnings of psychological structure

Avoidance and Fear Conditioning

Shame – Dan Siegel, MD

Shame – Alan Schore, Ph.D

PREFRONTAL

CORTEX

Functions:

• Right from wrong thinking

• Morals and Values

• Rational thinking

• Judgement calls

• Fully developed at age 25-26

Affects from substance abuse:

• Stunted development

• Tunnel vison

• Promotes impulsive decisions

• Instant gratification

AFFECT DYSREGULATION

UNREGULATED CHILD

WINDOW OF TOLERANCE

Hyper-arousal: Anxiety, Anger, Rage, High

Alert, and Manic thoughts/behaviors.

Arousal zone: a person is able to function

most effectively. When people are within this

zone, they are typically able to readily

receive, process, and integrate information

and otherwise respond to the demands of

everyday life without much difficulty.

Hypo-arousal: Tired/Lazy, Sadness/Depression,

and Suicidal thoughts/Suicidal.

BUILDING HEALTHY REGULATION

ATTACHMENT SHAPES US!

John Bowlby: Attachment is a biological imperative: the bond of the infant to the caregiver is critical for physical and emotional survival. Because the infant MUST attach, the infant WILL adapt-for better or for worse-to the needs and vulnerabilities of the caregiver. Those behaviors, feelings, desires which can be contained in the relationship of the infant to the caregiver will be integrated by the infant; those that threaten the attachment bond will be defensively excluded, dissociated, disowned…

UNDERSTANDING ATTACHMENT

SECURE ATTACHMENT REQUIRES

Consistency

Warmth

Attunement (an internal connection)

Mentalizing

It builds the Internal Working Model (IWM)

EARNED SECURE ATTACHMENT

LINKING EARNED SECURE

ATTACHMENT AND SOBRIETY

Senior Year 2002

Home Coming Princess

Co-Captain Cheerleader

FACING THE TRUTH!

Reasons for denial: Shame/Guilt

Examples of Denial:

Avoidance

Blaming

Justifying

Rationalizing

Minimizing

VAPING

15National Institute on Drug Abuse

“NICKED OUT” 50 MG

16

VAPE JUUL, BREEZES, & SUORIN DROP

17

WHEEZING THAT IS NOT RELATED TO ANOTHER HEALTH CONDITION, SUCH AS

BRONCHITIS OR ASTHMA

DRY COUGH

SHORTNESS OF BREATH OR DIFFICULTY BREATHING DEEPLY, ESPECIALLY WITH

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

UNEXPLAINED EXHAUSTION

RAPID BREATHING

PERSISTENT SKIN, EYE, MOUTH, OR NOSE IRRITATION IF CAUSED BY A

CHEMICAL

LONG TERM AFFECTS FROM VAPING

When inhaled, diacetyl causes bronchiolitis obliterans - more commonly referred to as "popcorn lung" - a scarring of the tiny air

sacs in the lungs resulting in the thickening and narrowing of the

airways. ... Even though we know that diacetyl causes popcorn

lung, this chemical is found in many e-cigarette flavors.

TRENDS

Starting in 2010 a Teen is more likely to

use marijuana for the first time over

alcohol or nicotine.

STATS ON MARIJUANA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA)

When asked, only about 1 in 14 teens say they used marijuana in the past month.1 So, if you were thinking everyone uses marijuana, they don’t.

Some think marijuana is okay to use because it's "natural." But not all natural plants are good for you—take tobacco, for example.

Some teens believe marijuana can't be that harmful if states are legalizing it. Legal or not, one real risk is addiction.

In 2016, around 4 million people ages 12 and older had a marijuana use disorder. The most severe form also is known as an addiction.1

Research also shows that marijuana can harm the developing teen brain.

PROP 64 LAWS – BALLOTPEDIA

Marijuana users

Proposition 64 legalized the recreational use of marijuana for adults aged 21 years or older, permitting smoking in a private home or at a business licensed for on-site marijuana consumption. Smoking was to remain illegal while driving a vehicle, anywhere smoking tobacco is, and in all public places. Up to 28.5 grams of marijuana and 8 grams of concentrated marijuana are legal to possess under this measure. However, possession on the grounds of a school, day care center, or youth center while children are present remains illegal. An individual is permitted to grow up to six plants within a private home as long as the area is locked and not visible from a public place.[3]

Marijuana sellers

According to this proposition, businesses needed to acquire a state license to sell marijuana for recreational use. Local governments could also require them to obtain a local license. Businesses were not authorized by the proposition to sell within 600 feet of a school, day care center, or youth center.[3] The initiative also prevented licenses for large-scale marijuana businesses for five years in order to prevent "unlawful monopoly power."[8]

Marijuana regulation

The Bureau of Medical Cannabis Regulation was renamed the Bureau of Marijuana Control and became responsible for regulating and licensing marijuana businesses.[3]

Counties and municipalities were empowered to restrict where marijuana businesses could be located. Local governments were also allowed to completely ban the sale of marijuana from their jurisdictions. Moreover, local jurisdictions were allowed by the measure to "reasonably regulate" the personal growth, possession, and use of marijuana plants allowed by Prop. 64.

MARIJUANA POTENCY 22

1990’S MARIJUANA VS TODAY’S!

MARIJUANA PARAPHERNALIA

25

DAB Pen THC

Wax

EDIBLES- AVG. 100 MLG

EDIBLES

Absorption Time can be 45 Minutes

What happens when kids don’t feel the desired

effect after 15 minutes?

Dosing – Grain of rice

Panic attacks

Psychosis

Watch! “The other side of cannabis documentary”

MARIJUANA AND THE YOUNG BRAIN

2 Years to leave the brain

ALCOHOL- JAIL, PRISON, OR DEATH!

BOYS VS GIRLS DRINKING NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM

MOLLY

Where you do it?

Rave

Music Festivals

Dances

Long term affects:

Anxiety

Depression

Memory loss

LSD, DMT, DXM, & SALVIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE (NIDA)

Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that alter perception, thoughts, and feelings. They cause hallucinations, or sensations and images that seem real though they are not. Some hallucinogens also cause users to feel out of control or disconnected from their body and environment.

People use hallucinogens in a wide variety of ways, including smoking, snorting, and absorbing through the lining in the mouth.

Hallucinogens interfere with actions of brain chemicals responsible for functions that include: mood

sensory perception

sleep

body temperature

muscle control

pain perception

memory

THE EFFECTS OF HALLUCINOGENS CAN BEGIN WITHIN 20 TO 90 MINUTES AND CAN LAST AS LONG AS 6 TO

12 HOURS.

ALONG WITH HALLUCINATIONS, OTHER SHORT-TERM GENERAL EFFECTS OF HALLUCINOGENS INCLUDE:

INCREASED HEART RATE

NAUSEA

INTENSIFIED FEELINGS AND SENSORY EXPERIENCES

CHANGES IN SENSE OF TIME

PERSISTENT PSYCHOSIS AND FLASHBACKS ARE TWO LONG-TERM EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME

HALLUCINOGENS.

EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT CERTAIN HALLUCINOGENS CAN BE ADDICTIVE OR THAT PEOPLE CAN DEVELOP A

TOLERANCE TO THEM.

LONG TERM AFFECTS- SPEECH PROBLEMS, MEMORY LOSS, WEIGHT LOSS, AND DEPRESSION/SUICIDAL

THOUGHTS.

OTHER DRUGS

Lean/ purple juice, dirty sprite

Xanax-Bars/ zanz, zani bars,

school bus, yellow boys, holks,

bicycle parts, sticks, and bars

VICODIN-OXYCONTIN-HEROIN

36

PEOPLE ARE NOT HOOKED ON DRUGS

THEY ARE HOOKED ON INTOXICATION

Experimentation

A one time event

Misuse

Infrequent use

Substance AbuseUsing despite consequences Emotional illness

Values Change Stops emotional growth Distortion of emotions “I don’t care”-attitude

Chemical Dependency Preoccupation Consequences Loss of control

Stages of Substance

Abuse

VARIABLES CONTRIBUTING TO RAPID

PROGRESSION

Genetic Hx #1 predictor of addiction in

current research

Early on-set of first use #2 predictor of addiction in

current research

An undeveloped brain

Combination of drugs

In an adolescent’s environment, the purpose of use is for intoxication

• Our Culture –Media, Propositions, Systems

• Stimulant drugs accelerate the progression

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Individual

WithFamilyHistory

% of Addiction

Age of First Use

Age At Onset of First

BREAKING DOWN DENIAL

Family

Money

School

Sports

Legal

Health

Mental Health

Friends

Self

Spirituality

Sexuality

Additional Examples

BOUNDARIES: HOME CONTRACT

There must be logical

consequences for unmet

expectations..

Family must be willing to

follow through with the

predetermined

consequences..

Family must work together

HOME CONTRACT

No Drug Use Consequences: Grounded until test clean

No Paraphernalia Loss of financial support

Drug Testing Loss of privlidges

Follow Tx Plan

Home Rules

School Rules

YOU CAN DO THIS!

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention

Ballotpedia – Law on Prop 64

World Health Organization (WHO)

National Alliance on Mental Health (NAMI)

Addiction Professional

National Institute on Drug Abuse

American Society of Addiction Medicine

Psychology Today

National Survey of Drug Use & Health

Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services (SAMHSA)

TEDS Reports

NSDUH (Pregnant Women & Addiction)

CASA Columbia (Parents in need of rehab)

Monitoring the Future Survey

Today’s Geriatric Population

Psych Central

National Resource Center on Domestic Violence

National Center for PTSD

Americans with Disabilities Act

National Coalition for Homeless

Journal of Ethnicity & Substance Abuse