Negative Effects of the Negative Effects of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

The Haves

• The entrepreneurs (Individuals who start a new business) who opened factories and shipping companies became very rich during the early industrial revolution.

The Have-Nots

• The people who worked in the factories for the entrepreneurs (the working class), were soul-crushingly poor

UrbanizationUrbanization

Urbanization: The movement of people to Urbanization: The movement of people to the citiesthe cities

The Industrial revolution brought rapid The Industrial revolution brought rapid urbanization.urbanization.

Causes of UrbanizationCauses of Urbanization

Population explosionPopulation explosion

High demand for workersHigh demand for workers

Don’t Forget!

• The enclosure movement pushed people off the farms and into the cities

City LifeCity Life

►Cities grew around factoriesCities grew around factories►These cities grew rapidly, without These cities grew rapidly, without

planningplanning►Working people lived in Working people lived in tenementstenements in in

hellish hellish slumsslums►The lack of planning meant that there The lack of planning meant that there

was no sewage, running water, or was no sewage, running water, or sanitation systemsanitation system

No sanitation meant the streets were filled with trash

The crowded, filthy slums were a breeding ground for diseases such as cholera

Working Life in Factories

• Factory work was difficult and dangerous

• Typical shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours

• If you complained, you were fired.

• If you got sick, you were fired.

• If you got hurt and could no longer work, you were fired.

Women at Work

• Factory owners hired women because they could pay them less

• Women with families worked 12 hours a day and were still expected to cook, clean, etc. when they finally got home.

Children at Work

• Families needed the income working children could provide.

• Children could be hired at very low wages

• Children worked in the same dangerous factories, for the same long hours

Workers respond to the awful conditions of their lives

• 1) Workers protested their conditions

• These protests were put down violently by the British government

Worker Response…continued• 2) Luddites: skilled

workers rejected the new machines that cost them their jobs by smashing them

Worker response…continuedWorker response…continued

3) Methodism: a new 3) Methodism: a new religious movement religious movement founded by founded by John John WesleyWesley. Working . Working people tried to focus people tried to focus on a better life to come on a better life to come rather than their lives rather than their lives on earthon earth

New Ways of ThinkingNew Ways of Thinking

• The industrial revolution changed the way The industrial revolution changed the way people thought about everything from people thought about everything from economics to the way governments should economics to the way governments should work.work.

Economics

• David Ricardo• “The Iron Law of Wages”• Workers should be paid

only enough to survive• If they make more money,

they will have more children, become poor & die off from starvation

Iron Law of Wages…continuedIron Law of Wages…continued

• Workers should be satisfied with Workers should be satisfied with their wages, because they are at a their wages, because they are at a “natural level”“natural level”

• Ricardo’s ideas lead many to the Ricardo’s ideas lead many to the conclusion that people are poor conclusion that people are poor because of some personal flaw in because of some personal flaw in their charactertheir character

The Rise of Socialism

• Critics of the industrial revolution wanted a more equal distribution of wealth

• Many were labeled “Utopians” because people thought their ideas would be impossible to put into practice.

Rise of Socialism• Robert Owen: Set up ideal working community called “New

Harmony.” Workers worked less, children were taken care of while parents worked… productivity and profits increased.

Communism & Capitalism

• Karl Marx and Frederic Engels witnessed the horrors of industrialization

• Together they wrote The Communist Manifesto.

• The following chart outlines the differences between capitalism & communism

Capitalism Communism

Founder Adam Smith Karl Marx

Books The Wealth of Nations

The Communist Manifesto

Das Kapital

Capitalism Communism

View of Government

Government should not interfere with economy: laissez-faire

Everything is owned by the government

Government closely regulates the economy (sets prices, tells factories what to make, etc.)

View of people: People become wealthy because they offer a good or service that people want to buy

People should cooperate to achieve success, no competition

Everyone should have an equal share of the wealth/property

How to improve social conditions?

If people work hard enough, they can lift themselves out of poverty

Government ownership of the economy will end hunger, poverty, and slave-like working conditions

“From each according to their abilities to each according to their needs”

Individual Freedoms

•People are free to choose their own careers•Freedom of religion•Freedom is more important than security

•Government determines job placement•Religion is the “opiate of the masses” and should be done away with•Sacrifice freedom for security

On the future Capitalism is the only efficient economic system

“It’s not perfect, but it’s the best we can do”

•Capitalism will destroy itself•Workers will eventually rise up in a violent revolution and take power•The future of the world is communism

Legislation & ReformLegislation & Reform

Early attempts to regulate factories Early attempts to regulate factories were weak and ineffectivewere weak and ineffective

Unions were outlawed because they Unions were outlawed because they would interfere with the “natural would interfere with the “natural order”…remember Ricardoorder”…remember Ricardo

Legislation & Reform

Child labor was only limited, not abolished

Kids in textile mills only were limited to 12 hour workdays. Those in mines, shipyards and factories worked more than 12 hours a day

Legislation & Reform

Factory Acts of 1833, 1842 & 1847 limited child laborProhibited children under 10 in the minesSet the maximum number of working hours

for women and children at 10.