NEED FOR CHURCH REFORM CONFLICT BETWEEN POPE &

EMPEROR

Objectives Describe how power struggles and rivalry

in Italy affected popes and emperors.

Key terms Concordat of Worms

People Henry IV Pope Gregory VII Pope Innocent III Frederick Barbarossa

Need for Church Reform In the early 900’s the

Church faced many problems.

Some leading families in Italy saw the Papacy as a political prize.

They plotted and even committed murder to get relatives named as Pope.

How did this effect the Papacy? This weakened the

prestige and moral authority of the Pope.

The Church had lost control over the appointment of bishops.

Bishops were appointed by Kings and lords.

They were selected for political reasons instead for the devotion to Church duties.

Need for Church Reform Spiritual values

declined among the clergy.

Many priest and monks showed more interest in wealth and pleasures than in the Church’s work.

Devoted members of the clergy started to call for reform.

Conflict between Pope and Emperor

Most determined supporter of reform Pope Gregory

Pope’s mission to build a Christian church society on earth

Declared that the emperor’s duty was to obey the Pope

This led to a struggle between Gregory and Henry IV.

Struggle over Authority Struggle over who

appointed the bishops

Gregory says only the church can name the bishops

Henry IV disagrees

Henry writes a letter saying that Gregory was “now not Pope but false monk.”

What does that mean??

The Pope can’t tell him what to do!

What does Gregory Do? Excommunicates

Henry!

So how does this affect Germany?

Frees the German nobles who say that Henry is no longer King . They can take over

Now What, Henry? Journey to Canossa Henry begs for

forgiveness. Stands in the snow

barefoot for 3 days until Gregory forgives him.

**Concordat of Worms** Church and Henry

reach a compromise

*Henry gave up the right to appoint bishops , but keeps the right to grant lands and political power to the bishops.

Renewed Conflict Concordat of

Worms recognized the church as the supreme authority in spiritual matters.

Did not answer the questions of who had political power.

Still Fighting!! Pope continues to

claim that kings and emperors should answer to the Pope.

Emperors reject these claims and try to capture the northern Italian city-states.

Frederick Barbarossa Frederick makes 6

expeditions into Italy.

The Italian city-states resist Frederick.

These attacks further weaken the Emperors authority.

Papal Power Papal power reaches

its height under **Innocent III.

He stated that the pope was “lower than God but higher than man, judges all and is judged by no one”

Pope has the right to intervene in the affairs of any kingdom.

Objectives Describe how power struggles and rivalry

in Italy affected popes and emperors. Kept things in constant chaos. Pope

generally won.

Key terms Concordat of Worms Emperor can give bishops a fief/ the

church gets to appoint the bishops.

People Henry IV Excommunicated by Gregory Pope Gregory VII Only the Pope could appoint bishops Pope Innocent III Most powerful Medieval Pope /launched

Albigensian crusade to purify the church Frederick Barbarossa Invaded the Italian city-states and

lost/weakened the power of emperors.