navneet file

8/6/2019 Navneet File

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INTRODUCTION

A Transportation Management System (TMS) is a software that is aimed at helping business

and organizations to effectively manage its logistics supply chain, it helps organizing and

tracking the movements of the products and materials. A Transportation Management

System also helps in managing shipping units, outbound and inbound shipment scheduling,

transportation mode selection, freight bill auditing, payment and processing of loss and

damage claims etc.

Some of the basic functions and ad vantages of a transportation management system are

shipment load planning and shipment routing optimization, routing guide, execution

management and carrier communication, shipment tracking, freight bill audit & payment,

business intelligence and reporting , claims management, returns management, appointment

scheduling etc.

The shipment load planning and routing optimization helps the shippers to plan the loading

and then find a suitable and optimized routes as per their requirements. This helps to save a

lot of money and time and as a results makes it easy for the shippers to manage.

The routing guide is another feature of a TMS which helps the vendors to get an idea about

the inbound routing guides for better cost management. The execution management and

carrier communication helps the shippers to find the tools needed to help them in selecting

the right carriers along with shipping cost calculation. The TMS also helps you in getting an

accurate freight bill audit and also in implementing the payment part. A s with any other tools,

a transportation management solution also offers business intelligence reporting, which

helps you to get more idea about your business and ways to improve it.

A TMS or a logistics management system can also be used as an effective v ehicle routing

software which helps you in the effective utilization of vehicles used for your transportation

purposes. It identifies areas where the vehicles can be utilized effectively without spending

much time and money. Since the TMS identifies the sh ortest route, it will result in reduced

fuel consumption and enhanced fleet management and utilization.


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F or small companies which have a remarkable small transportation operations, the use of

such a tool is not recommended, as they might not have any diffi culty in managing all their

transportation activities manually. But for a big company with a large number of vehicles and

transportation activities, it is a better idea to avail the services of a transport management

system, as it will ease their managemen t activities and help them to save a lot money.

More and more companies have started using logistic management system and hence the

demand and competition have increased considerably. So the number of companies

providing customized transport management systems has increased. Some of the software

offered are not having the expected quality and one must be sure to select the right and the

best transportation management system for their company. There are also many software

having advanced options such as GPS vehicle tracking or GPS fleet tracking system. So

while purchasing the transportation scheduling software, make sure that you have spend the

money on the right tool.

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

Transportation problem is a special variety of classical linear-programming problem. In this

model, shipments of goods from few locations (or origins) to other locations (or destinations)

are planned. Due to specific characteristics of transportation problems, special approaches

are available to solve them.

Let us understand the transportation problem through an example. A company has three

bread manufacturing units : located at F aridabad, Noida and Gurgaon. Each unit has a

limited capacity to produce. Bread -cartons are transported to four warehouses located in

South, West, East and North Delhi for supply in different markets of Delhi. Each warehouse

has a known maximum demand. Each manufacturing unit can provide goods to any

destination, but the cost of transportation would be different for each combi nation of

manufacturing unit and destination. The objective is to provide the following information to

the decision makers:

(1) What quality should be transported from a manufacturing unit to all possible

destination?


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(2) What would be the cost for this allocation?

The objective is to make the allocations in such a way that total cost of shipment is

minimum.

A transportation problem

Transtutors is the best place to get answers to all your doubts regarding the transportation

problem and uses of linear programming to minimize the total cost of shipment with

examples. You can submit your school, college or university level homework or assignment

to us and we will make sure that you get the answers you need which are timely and also

cost effective. Our tutors are available round the clock to help you out in any way with

industrial management.


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Transtutors has a vast panel of experienced industrial ma nagement tutors who specialize in

the transportation problem and can explain the different concepts to you effectively. You

can also interact directly with our industrial management tutors for a one to one session and

get answers to all your problems in yo ur school, college or university level industrial

management . Our tutors will make sure that you achieve the highest grades for your

industrial management assignments. We will make sure that you get the best help possible

for exams such as the AP, AS, A level, GCSE, IGCSE, IB, Round Square etc.


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OBJECTIVES

y To facilitate the provision of an enhanced public transport system which is punctual,

reliable, not overcrowded and accessible to all and has greater capacity, especially at

peak times.y To facilitate greater ease of interchange and higher standards of customer

information.

y To maintain productive and effective relationships with the strategic transport

authorities, operators and policy makers, including the development and

maintenance of robust contingency plans.

y To improve the pedestrian experience.

y To encourage improvements to the safety of all modes of transport.

y To encourage cycling.

y To deter breaches of traffic regulations.

y To facilitate the maximisation of transport cho ice at all times of day.

y To maintain the traffic flow.

y To develop the transport system

y so as to make it less expensive,

y safe, non-polluting, equipped

y with facilities, competitive and

y self-dependent.

y To make the transport sector

y efficient, transparent, serviceoriented

y and effective


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The bottom-up approach starts by the gen eral public, coming up with requests to the

decision makers, politicians or civil servants to act. If such requests are accepted, the

executive public administration bodies are again asked to act.

Probably the less frequent way of starting public administ ration projects is the combined

way, when executive organs find reserves and start to act on the base of their own initiative

2.Information gathering :-

The key part of the system analysis is gathering information about the present system .The

system analyst must know what information to gather. Where to find it, how to collect it and

what to make of it. The proper use of the tools for gathering informatio n is the key to

successful analysis. The tools are traditional interview, questionnaire and on site

observation. These tools when learned help analyze and assess the effectiveness of the

present system and provide the ground work for recommending a candida te system.

3.Preliminary Investigation

A preliminary investigation begins with the impetus or desire to Change

The impetus for change can come from a variety of sources including

Internal Sources

y The users of the system

y The Management

y Legal advice

y Personnel needs

y Analysis of the system

External Sources

y Customers

y Government


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y Competition (seizing opportunities)

y External Audits

y Unions``

From a management point of view, a new system may be inspired by a range of possibilities

including Increased producti vity

This could be from Bar code readers at checkouts, Robots in assembly

lines, etc

Improved Management decision making based on better data provided by the new

system.

Real time data can be accessed, and data from various areas can be cross -referenced or

linked giving the opportunity for better management decisions.

Strengthening System Control : Ex using computer systems to track baggage more

completely at international airports, Student cards with bar codes on them that are read by

readers in every classroom to keep track of students attendance.

Improve Customer Service: Better and more accurate Bill paying, Better and more

accurate Invoices to Customers. Provide special services or discounts to categories or

customers identified under various criteria by the system.

F or a Systems Analyst to become involved in looking at the existing System they must have

the necessary Management support and authority to proceed.

Key issues in the Preliminary Investigation

1. Emphasis on the User (those who use the system)

a. One of the main objectives is to provide adequately for the needs of the user as without

the involvement and co-operation of the user any new system will never work.

b. The User must be involved at the very beginning and at every stag e.

c. Some users may have a high level of computer knowledge, others may have none but in

either case they must be involved from the onset.

d. The users are needed to provide the authority to find out how the system works. They are

also vital at the point when a new system is being designed, developed and later tested.

They will also be involved in the training of other users, and their own training

e. If the user is a full partner during the whole cycle they will then have the confidence toimplement and use the new system and make it a success rather than jack up

2. Begin with the Organization Chart.

a. If there is no chart then the Systems Analysis must create one. It is a hierarchical chart

showing management by name and by title (S ee King Book Organization Chart p84)

b. The Analysis must also be aware also that there is an informal organization with its own


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organisational chart with political influences on what might occur. The informal

organization is how the people sort themselves out in alliances, pecking orders and

factions and something the informal organization has more influence than the formal one.

3. Problem Definition

a. The Analyst and the users of the system must come to a common agreement on what the

Problem is. This is no easy feat as often the problem turns out to be something different

that initially envisaged.

b. There also must be an agreement on the Scope of the problem this means what are the

clearly defined limits to the problem and/or what is going to be done about it. If the scope

is too broad the project may never be finished, if too narrow it may not meet the users

needs.

c. Establish what the User Needs these will be the Objectives of the new system and this

will lead to a solution to the problemWhat follows is a subset of the entire Systems Analysis cycle but at a lees rigorous level

than the real thing. The preliminary Investigation is basically a feasibility study from

which the decision about whether to proceed further or not will be made .

4. Evaluation of Preliminary Investigation. The decision on whether to proceed with the

solution or not will be made according to 3 criteria.

a. Is a proposed solution Technically feasible - are the resources that are needed actually

available and will they do the job?

b. Will the solution be workable for the organization? This is called Operational feasibility.

Do the Users agree that it would meet the Objectives of the organization.

c. Is it Cost Effective ? The bottom line is can the organization afford the new system

both for development, training and at an operational level.

5. Courses of Action : These are the courses of action based on the feasibility study

a. Do nothing . Keep the current system for various reasons, which could include the cost of

the new system may be too large

b. Modify the Existing System . Perhaps new technology may help.

c. Develop an entirely New System This means a custom system be created to replace the

existing system. This would involve the development of custom programs andapplications (software) and the purchasing of new hardware.

d. Use off the shelf software that is customised to achieve the Objec tives or the

organization. An example of this might be the MS Access Database customised for a

specific function. Companies with an IT department may contain personnel who can do

the customisation of Access or other program, or an outside compa ny can be used for

this purpose.


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6. The Plan the plan must contain all of the following

a. The schedule in other words the envisaged time line for the project

b. The budget how much it will cost. The costs for the next stage the detailed

investigation should be quite accurate and will mainly be labour costs, but the rest of

the costing would by necessity be quite rough and labelled as such.

c. The personnel costs for the business this means the their staff how mush of their time

will be needed etc

4.FEASIBILITY STUDY

F easibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of

the existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats as presented by the

environment, the resource s required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for

success. In its simplest term, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value

to be attained. As such, a well -designed feasibility study should provide a historical

background of the business or project, description of the product or service, accounting

statements, details of the operations and management, marketing research and policies,

financial data, legal requirements and tax obligations. Generally, feasibility studies pre cede

technical development and project implementation.

Technology feasibility

Technological feasibility is carried out to determine whether the company has the capability,

in terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion o f the

project. QAInfotech has enough resource in all respect viz. software, hardware, personneland expertise. It is achieved by smartly utilizing the resources eg. By creating virtual

machines, PQuest Images etc. and in case of urgent requirement of human resource it does

ramp up to fulfill the requirements. So this project is technically feasible .

Economic feasibility


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Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a

new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine

the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compar e them with

costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the

system. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an

action. QAInfotech does cost analysis at the very initial stage of every project. So this project

is economically feasible .

Schedule feasibility

A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means

estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be complete d in a given

time period using some methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is. Given our technical expertise, are the project

deadlines reasonable? Some projects are initiated with specific de adlines. One need to

determine whether the deadlines are mandatory or desirable. QAInfotech achieves by taking

daily status report for the internal performance measuring purpose and weakly status report

to the client. So this project is feasible with respe ct to schedule.

4.Project Planning and Scheduling

Project Planning, Project Scheduling

Project Planning means different things to different people. To some the Project Plan is all

of the project management documentation: the project definition document, organisation

chart, quality plan, schedule, change control procedure, risk management strategy, etc. (And

some use the term Quality Plan to mean all of these.) To others the Project Plan is simply

the schedule that shows who will do which work tasks and when, and to them Project

Planning is the act of building this schedule.


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2. External interfaces: - How does the software interact with people, the systems

hardware, and other hardware and other software?

3. Performance: - what is the speed availability, response time, recovery time etc. of

various software functions?

4. Attributes: -what are considerations for portability, correctness, maintainability, security,

reliability etc?

5. Design constraints imposed on implementation: - are there any required standers in

effect, independent language, policies for database integrity, resources limits, operating

environments etc?

Since the SRS has a specific role to play in the software development process, SRS writers

should be careful not to go beyond the bounds of that role. This means SRS.

1. Should correctly define all the software requirements. Software may exist because of

the nature of the tasks to be solve d or because of special characteristics of the project.

2. Should not describe or implementation data. These should be described in the design

stage of the project.

3. Should not imposed additionally contains the software, these are properly specified in

other documents such as a software quality assurance plan.

Therefore, a properly writers SRS limited the range of valid design, but does not specify any

particular design.

Characteristics of a good SRS


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The SRS should be:

y Correct

y Unambiguous

y Complete

y Consistent

y Ranked for importance and / or stability

y Verifiable

y Modifiable

y Traceable

y Each of the above mentioned characteristics is discussed below:

[THAY97, IEEE87, IEEE97]

Correct

The SRS is correct if, and only if; every requirement stated therein is one that the software

shall meet. There is no tool or procedure that assures correctness. If the software must

respond to all button presses within 5 seconds and the SRS is stated that the software shall

respond to all buttons presses within 10 second , then that requirement is incorrect.

Un ambiguous


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The SRS is unambiguous if, and only if; every requirement state therein has only one

interpretation. Each sentence in the SRS should have the unique interpretation. Imagine that

a sentence is abstracted f rom the SRS, given to ten people who are asked for their

interpretation. If there more than one such interpretation then that sentence is probably

ambiguous.

In cases, where a team used in a particular context could have multiple meanings,

the team should be included in a glossary where its meaning is made more specific. The

SRS should be unambiguous to both those who create it and to those who use it. However,

these groups often do not have the same background and theref ore do not tend to describe

software requirements in the same way.

Requirements are often written in natural language (for example,

English).Natural language is inherently ambiguous. A natural language SRS should be

reviewed by an independent party to identify ambiguous use of a language so that it can be

corrected. This can be avoided by using a particular requirement specification language. Its

language processors automatically detect many lexical, syntactic, and semantic errors.

Disadvantages is the time required to learn the language which may also not be undertaken

to the customers/users. Moreover, these languages tend to be better at expressing only

certain types of requirements and addressing certain types of systems.

Complete

The SRS is complete if, and only if; it includes the following elements.


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(b)One requirement may state that A must always B, while another requires that A and

B occur simultaneously.

3. Two or more requirements may describe the same real -world object but use different

terms for that object. F or example, a progra ms request for a user input may be called a

prompt in one requirement and a cue in another. The use of standard terminology and

definitions promotes consistency .

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM APPLIED

Software Engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in

order toobtain economically software that is both reliable and works efficiently on real

systems.To solve actual problems in an industry / organizations setting, such as C entral

or State Govt.Sectors, Public / private Sectors, Colleges, Schools, etc., a Software

Engineer or a team of engineers must incorporate a development strategy that

encompasses the process, methods,tools layers, and the generic phases. This strategy

is referred to as a Process Model or aSoftware Engineering Paradigm.

y Models used for system development in project Custom

y er Relationship Management and

y Sales F orce Automation , is Prototyping. Descriptions of these models are as

following

-

PROTOTYPE MODEL

Prototyping is the process of building a model of a system. In terms of an information

system,prototypes are employed to help system designers build an information system

that intuitiveand easy to manipulate for end users. Prototyping is an iterative process that

is part of the analysis phases of the system development life cycle. During the

requirements determination portion of the systems analysis phase, system analystsgather


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information about the organization's current procedures and business processes

relatedthe proposed information system. In addition, they study the current information

system, if there is one, and conduct user interviews and collect documentation. This helps

the analystsdevelop an initial set of system requirements.Prototyping can augment this

process because it converts these basic, yet sometimesintangible, specifications into a

tangible but limited working model of the desired informationsystem. The user feedback

gained from developing a physical system that the users can touchand see facilitates an

evaluative response that the analyst can employ to modify existingrequirements as well as

developing new ones .

y The prototyping model is a software development process that begins with

requirementscollection, followed by prototyping and user evaluation. Often the end

users may not be ableto provide a complete set of application objectives, detailed input,

processing, or outputrequirements in the initial stage. After the user evaluation, another

prototype will be builtbased on feedback from users, and again the cycle returns to

customer evaluation. The cyclestarts by listening to the user, followed by building or

revising a mock-up, and letting the usertest the mock-up, then back.

y Some Advantages of Prototyping:

y Reduces development time.

y Reduces development costs.

y Requires user involvement.

y Developers receive quantifiable user feedback.y F acilitates system implementation since users know what to expect.

y Results in higher user satisfaction.

y Exposes developers to potential future system enhancements.

y independent project plan reviews

y getting resource commitments

y time recording

y what tools like MSP can and cannot do for you

y tracking progress against the project plany revising the project plan during the project


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SYSTEM DESIGN

System design, the most creative and challenging phase of the system life cycle, refer to the

technical specifications that will be applied in implementing the proposed system. It also

includes the construction of program testing.

Process of design:

The design phase is a transition from a user -oriented document (system proposal) to a

document oriented to programmer or database personal.

The E-MAIL system is design as a dummy of the existing system. The choice of hardware

and software to be used for the later is just little improvement in the former.

System design goes through two phase of the development:

y Logical design

y Physical design

Logical design :

Design consideration:

Software life cycle: - the programs were to be designed so as to ensure the longevity of the

software being developed. F or this effort were made to make the software less rule based

and more flexible. This was ensuring that external changes e.g. changes in E-MAIL

SYSTEM by the company would not need a drastic change in the existing software. The


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software was too designed with the aim of minimizing effort that means the system to be

made more data driven.

Physical design:

The physical design is used to produce the working system by defining the design

specifications that defined exactly what the proposed system would do. This system will

accepts input from user, perform necessary works, then produce output on the screen and

maintains updating the account when it is login.

MODULES DESCRIPITION

This project has the following modules to manage all the requirement of transportion.

1. Admin details

2. Customer details

3. Driver details

4. Truck details

5. Order details

6. Reports details

Modules used in this project:

Admin details

Admin is one of the important modules in each and every application. Throughthis module admin can easily make the changes on the places on thewebsite.Updataion is important thing for every application.Admin can update theinformation whi ch was already displayed in the website depends upon the changes.Then they can easily insert the new places information, and also upload the newimages related to the places.Admin can easily update the facilities module also. This


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module has the information about accommodation, travels, and money exchange.centers. All these things must have some updating; these updating will easily doneby using admin module.

Customer details

In this module administrator can maintain a database for the clients who are ordering for trucks for the delivery of products from the company and their details such as client name,address, product name, quantity, invoice no, rate of the product. These details are used for future references.

Driver details

In this module a administrator can maintain a database for the drivers who areconducted for transporting the products through trucks to the destinationfollowing the instruction given by the admin and their details such as driver name,driver id,truck no allocated.These details are used for further references.

Truck details

In this module a administrator can maintain a database for the trucks allocated for thetransportation of the different products across the country from one place to other and t heir details as truck no.,RC no., Insurance no., model.These details are used for the further references.

Order details

In this module a administrator can maintain a database for the details of the order by the

customer for booking the trucks for transporting the products and also contain the details of cancelled order if any such as date of order,order no.,customer id,customer name, reason for cancellation.


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CODING

Code 1 :loading

Private Sub Command1_Click()

End

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()

bar.Value = 0

Timer1.Enabled = True

End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()

bar.Value = bar.Value + 5

If bar.Value = bar.Max Then

first.Visible = True

Unload Me

End If

End Sub

Code 2 :first

Private Sub Command1_Click()

rs.Open "select * from passwor", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic

Do Until rs.EOF = True

If rs!u_name = Text1.Text And rs!u_pass = Text2.Text Then

home.Visible = True


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rs.Close

first.Visible = False

Exit Sub

Else

rs.MoveNext

End If

Loop

MsgBox "Password is incorrect", vbInformation, "JM"

Text1.Text = ""

Text2.Text = ""

Text1.SetFocus

rs.Close

End Sub

Code 3 :home

Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset

Dim rs1 As New ADODB.Recordset

Dim a As Integer

Dim j As Integer

Private Sub addTruck_Click()

newTruckForm.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub attenRE_Click()

attenReport.Visible = True

End Sub


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Private Sub attenRS_Click()

staffReprt.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub cinfo_Click()

If DataEnvironment1.rsCommand7.State = adStateOpen Then

DataEnvironment1.rsCommand7.Close

End If

C_info.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub einfo_Click()



End If

empinfo.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub g1_Click()

home.BackColor = vbButtonFace

Label1.BackColor = vbButtonFace

Label1.ForeColor = RGB(196, 0, 0)




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Label3(0).BackColor = vbButtonFace

Label3(0).ForeColor = vbBlue

List1.BackColor = vbButtonFace

List1.ForeColor = RGB(196, 0, 196)

Flx.BackColor = RGB(157, 153, 63)

Flx.BackColorBkg = vbApplicationWorkspace

Flx.BackColorFixed = vbButtonFace

End Sub


home.BackColor = RGB(5, 155, 155)



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Label3(0).ForeColor = vbBlack

Label1.BackColor = RGB(5, 155, 155)









Label3(0).BackColor = RGB(5, 155, 155)

List1.BackColor = RGB(5, 155, 155)

List1.ForeColor = vbWhite

Flx.BackColor = RGB(177, 177, 99)

Flx.BackColorBkg = RGB(106, 181, 181)

Flx.BackColorFixed = RGB(177, 177, 99)

End Sub


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Private Sub d1_Click()

d1.Checked = True

authentication.Visible = True

End Sub


d2.Checked = True


End Sub


d3.Checked = True


End Sub

Private Sub dreport_Click()

Load driverR

driverR.Show

End Sub

Private Sub exit_Click()

Unload Me

End

End Sub


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Private Sub Form_Load()

'Call connect

a = 7

j = 0


Label1.Caption = Date

Label2.Caption = Time

Dim i As Integer

i = 1

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 0) = "c_id"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 1) = "c_name"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 2) = "Item"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 3) = "Destination"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 4) = "address"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 5) = "distance"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 6) = "Date"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 7) = "Driver"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 8) = "order_no"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 9) = "total"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 10) = "truck no."

Flx.ColWidth(0) = 500




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rs.Open "select * from storage2", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic


Flx.Rows = Flx.Rows + 1

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 0) = rs!c_id

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 1) = rs!c_name

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 2) = rs!Item

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 3) = rs!destination

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 4) = rs!address

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 5) = rs!distance

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 6) = rs!Date

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 7) = rs!Driver

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 8) = rs!order_no

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 9) = rs!total

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 10) = rs!truck_no

i = i + 1

rs.MoveNext

Loop

rs.Close

Dim flag As Boolean, r1 As Integer, k As Integer, r As Integer, n As Integer


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flag = False

rs1.Open "select * from logoff ", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic

rs.Open "select * from login ", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic

rs.MoveLast

rs1.MoveLast

Do Until flag = True

If rs1!Date = Label1.Caption Then

r1 = r1 + 1

flag = False

rs1.MovePrevious

Else

flag = True

End If

Loop

flag = False

Do Until flag = True

If rs!Date = Label1.Caption Then

r = r + 1

flag = False

rs.MovePrevious

Else

flag = True

End If

Loop

rs.MoveLast

flag = False

For k = 1 To r Step 1


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rs1.MoveLast

For n = 1 To r1 Step 1

If rs!e_name = rs1!e_name Then

flag = True

Exit For

Else

flag = False

rs1.MovePrevious

End If

Next

If ((flag = False) And (rs!designation = "driver")) Then

List1.AddItem (rs!e_name)

End If

rs.MovePrevious

Next

rs.Close

rs1.Close


d1.Checked = False

d2.Checked = False

d3.Checked = False

Dim z As Integer

z = 0


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Label8.Caption = Flx.Rows - 2

Label9.Caption = List1.ListCount

rs.Open "select * from ordrcancld ", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic


If rs!Date = Label1.Caption Then

z = z + 1

End If

rs.MoveNext

Loop

rs.Close

Label10.Caption = z

End Sub


home.BackColor = RGB(100, 177, 255)













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ordrcanR.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub r1_Click()

c_register.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub r2_Click()

Register.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub t1_Click()

If List1.ListCount = 0 Then

MsgBox "Driver is not AVAILABEL right now", vbInformation, "JM"

Else

Load order

order.Show

u3.Enabled = True

End If

End Sub


u3.Enabled = True

cashOUtLogin.Visible = True

End Sub



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Load OrdrCancel

OrdrCancel.Show

End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()

Label1.Caption = Date

Label2.Caption = Time

End Sub

Private Sub tir_Click()



End If

trk.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub u1_Click()

calculator.Visible = True

End Sub

Private Sub u3_Click()

a = 7

j = 0

'....................FOR REFRESHING..................


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Dim i As Integer

Flx.Clear

i = 1

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 0) = "c_id"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 1) = "c_name"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 2) = "Item"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 3) = "Destination"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 4) = "address"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 5) = "distance"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 6) = "Date"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 7) = "Driver"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 8) = "order_no"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 9) = "total"

Flx.TextMatrix(0, 10) = "truck no."

rs.Open "select * from storage2", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic

Flx.Rows = 2


Flx.Rows = Flx.Rows + 1

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 0) = rs!c_id

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 1) = rs!c_name

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 2) = rs!Item

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 3) = rs!destination

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 4) = rs!address

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 5) = rs!distance

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 6) = rs!Date


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Flx.TextMatrix(i, 7) = rs!Driver

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 8) = rs!order_no

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 9) = rs!total

Flx.TextMatrix(i, 10) = rs!truck_no

i = i + 1

rs.MoveNext

Loop

rs.Close

Dim z As Integer

z = 0

Label8.Caption = Flx.Rows - 2

Label9.Caption = List1.ListCount

rs.Open "select * from ordrcancld ", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockBatchOptimistic


If rs!date_cancel = Label1.Caption Then

z = z + 1

End If

rs.MoveNext

Loop

rs.Close

Label10.Caption = z

End Sub


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Debugging and Error HandlingThe Visual Basic Programming environment contains several tools that can beused to track down and fix errors, or bugs, in your programs.These tools wouldn'tstop you from making mistakes, but they will often ease the pain when youencounter one.? Typ es of ErrorsGenerally three types of errors can occur in a VB program:# Syntax error # Runtime Error # Logic error S yntax error (or Compiler error) : It is a programming mistake (such as misspelled


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property or keyword) that violates the rules of Visual Basic. Program cant be run untileach syntax error is fixed. Messages are given with the possible error messages duringthe time of compilation itself.R untime error : It is a mistake that causes a program to stop unexpectedly duringexecution. Runtime errors occurs when an outside event or an undiscovered syntax error forces a program to stop while it is running. A misspelled filename in a LoadPicture

function can produce runtime error.Logic error : It is a human error- a programming mistake that makes the program code to

produce the wrong result.Tools for DebuggingVisual Basic provides interactive tools for finding run-time errors and errors inyour program's logic. You can access all the debugging tools by using the Debugmenu or the Debug toolbar.Visual Basic debugging support includes :

Breakpoints and break expressionsSet a breakpoint to stop a program while it is running. You can set a breakpoint atdesign time, or at run time while in break mode.

Watch expressionsUse watch expressions to monitor a particular variable or expression. The value of each watch expression is updated at breakpoints.

Step optionsDebugging and Error HandlingTraining Division, NIC, New Delhi

L 2Use the step options to run portions of your code either one statement or one

procedure at a time.Call stack

Use Call Stack to view all active procedure calls and trace the execution of a series of nested procedure.

Immediate windowIn Break mode, you can test an executable statement by typing it in the immediatewindow. Visual Basic runs the statement immediately so that you can evaluate your code.

Local windowThis window automatically displays all of the declared variables in the current

procedure, along with their values.Debug T oolbar? Handling R un-time ErrorsBy adding effective error-handling code to your application, one can create more robustapplications. Run-time errors can be handled and the unexpected termination can beavoided.

The error handling process involves the following steps :1. Set an error trap that specifies the location of the error-handling code.2. Write the error-handling code.3. Exit the error- handling code.Debugging and Error HandlingTraining Division, NIC, New Delhi

L 3O n Error Go T o statement enables an error trap and specifies where the execution of theapplication will jump to when an error occurs.


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The Projects menu.

The Debugging pane of the Project Properties dialogbox.

Using commands on the Debug toolbar, ArcMap can be started and the DLL loaded anddebugged. Breakpoints can be set, lines stepped over, functions stepped into and


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variables checked. Moving the line pointer in the left -hand margin can also set thecurrent execution line.

The Debug toolbar.

Visual Basic Debugger Issues

In many cases, the Visual Basic debugger will work without any problems, however thereare two problems when using the debugger that is supplied with Visual Basic 6. Both of these problems exist because of the way that Visual Basic implements its debugger.

Normally when running a tool within ArcMap, the DLL is loaded into ArcMap's addressspace and calls are made directly into the DLL. When debugging this is not the case.Visual Basic makes changes to the registry so that the CLSID for your DLL does not pointto your DLL, but instead it points to the Visual Basic Debug DLL (VB6debug.dll). The

Debug DLL must then support all the interfaces implemented by your class on the fly.With the VB Debug DLL loaded into ArcMap, any method calls that come into the DLL areforwarded on to Visual Basic where the code to be debugged is executed. The twoproblems with this are caused by the changes made to the Registry and the cross-process space method calling. When these restrictions are first encountered it can beconfusing since the object works outside the debugger, or at least until it hits the area of problem code.

Since the method calls made from ArcMap to the custom tool are across apartments,there is a requirement for the interfaces to be marshaled. This marshalling causesproblems in certain circumstances. Most data types can be automatically marshaled bythe system, but there are a few that require custom code, because the standardmarshaler does not support the data types. If one of these data types is used by aninterface within the custom tool and there is no custom marshalling code, the debuggerwill fail with an "Interface not supported error".

The registry manipulation also breaks the support for component categories. Any timethere is a request on a component category, the category manager within COM will beunable to find your component, because rather than asking whether your DLL belongs tothe component category, COM is asking whether the VB debugger DLL belongs to thecomponent category, which obviously it doesn't. What this means is that anytime acomponent category is used to automate the loading of a DLL, the DLL cannot bedebugged using the Visual Basic debugger.

This obviously causes problems for many of the ways to extend the framework. Themost common way to extend the framework is to add a command or tool. Previously itwas discussed how component categories were used in this instance. Remember thecomponent category was only used to build the list of commands in the dialog box. Thismeans that if the command to be debugged is already present on a toolbar the VisualBasic debugger can be used. Hence, the procedure for debugging Visual Basic objectsthat implement the ICommand interface is to ensure that the command is added to atoolbar when ArcMap is executed standalone, and then, after saving the document,loading ArcMap through the debugger.

In some cases, like extensions and property pages, it is not possible to use the VisualBasic debugger. If you have access to the Visual C++ Debugger you can use one of the


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options outlined below. Fortunately, there are a number of ESRI Visual Basic Add-insthat make it possible to track down the problem quickly and effectively. The add-insdescribed in the topic ESRI Add-Ins for Visual Basic , provide error log information,including line and module details. A sample output from an error log is given below; notethe call stack information along with line numbers.

Error Log saved on : 8/28/2000 - 0:39:04 AMRecord Call Stack Sequence - Bottom line is error line.

chkVisible_MouseUp C:\Source\MapControl \Commands\frmLa er.frm Line :96

RefreshMap C: \Source\MapControl \Commands\frmLa er.frm Line : 20Description

Object variable or With block variable not set

Alternatives to the Visual Basic Debugger

If the Visual Basic debugger and add-ins do not provide enough information, the VisualC++ debugger can be used, either on its own or with C++ ATL wrapper classes. TheVisual C++ debugger does not run the object to be debugged out of process fromArcMap, which means that none of the above issues apply. Common debug commands

are given in the section Debugging Tips In Developer Studio in the "The Visual C++Environment" topic. Both of the techniques below require the Visual Basic project to becompiled with Debug Symbol information.

Passing parameters

In Visual Basic, you can pass an argument to a procedure by value or by reference . This is known as the passing mechanism , and it determines whether the procedure can modify the programming element


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underlying the argument in the calling code. The procedure declaration determines the passing mechanismfor each parameter by specifying the ByVal (Visual Basic) or ByRef (Visual Basic) keyword.

D istinctions

When passing an argument to a procedure, be aware of several different distinctions that interact with eachother:

y Whether the underlying programming element is modifiable or nonmodifiabley Whether the argument itself is modifiable or nonmodifiabley Whether the argument is being passed by value or by referencey Whether the argument data type is a value type or a reference type

For more information, see Differences Between Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Arguments (Visual Basic) and Differences Between Passing an Argument By Value and By Reference (Visual Basic) .

Ch oice of Passing Mec h anism

You should choose the passing mechanism carefully for each argument.

y Protection . In choosing between the two passing mechanisms, the most important criterion is theexposure of calling variables to change. The advantage of passing an argument ByRef is that theprocedure can return a value to the calling code through that argument. The advantage of passing anargument ByVal is that it protects a variable from being changed by the procedure.

y Performance . Although the passing mechanism can affect the performance of your code, thedifference is usually insignificant. One exception to this is a value type passed ByVal. In this case,

Visual Basic copies the entire data contents of the argument. Therefore, for a large value type such asa structure, it can be more efficient to pass it ByRef.

For reference types, only the pointer to the data is copied (four bytes on 32-bit platforms, eight byteson 64-bit platforms). Therefore, you can pass arguments of type String or Object by value withoutharming performance.

D etermination of t h e Passing Mec h anism

The procedure declaration specifies the passing mechanism for each parameter. The calling code cannot

override a ByVal mechanism, but if a parameter is declared with ByRef, the calling code can force themechanism to ByVal by enclosing the argument name in parentheses in the call.

The default in Visual Basic is to pass arguments by value. You can make your code easier to read by usingthe ByVal keyword. It is good programming practice to include either the ByVal or ByRef keyword withevery declared parameter.

Wh en to Pass an Argument by Value


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y If the calling code element underlying the argument is a nonmodifiable element, declare thecorresponding parameter ByVal (Visual Basic). No code can change the value of a nonmodifiableelement.

y If the underlying element is modifiable, but you do not want the procedure to be able to change its

value, declare the parameter ByVal. Only the calling code can change the value of a modifiableelement passed by value.

Wh en to Pass an Argument by Reference

y If the procedure has a genuine need to change the underlying element in the calling code, declarethe corresponding parameter ByRef (Visual Basic).

y If the correct execution of the code depends on the procedure changing the underlying element inthe calling code, declare the parameter ByRef. If you pass it by value, or if the calling code overridesthe ByRef passing mechanism by enclosing the argument in parentheses, the procedure call might

produce unexpected results.

T E S TI NG T ECHN IQU E S

Testing is a process in which we create a series of rest cases that are intended to demolish the

software that has been built. In fact, testing is the one step in the software engineering process that

could be viewed as destructive rather than constructive. The testing objectives can be viewed, as it is

a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. Errors are nothing but the

deviation from the behavior stipulated by the requirement analysis.

A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet undiscovered error. A

successful test is one that uncovers an as-yet-undiscovered error.

The system can be tested in one of two ways.


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White-box testing

This is performed knowing the internal workings of a product, tests are conducted to ensure

that all gears mesh , that is, that internal operation performs according to specification and all

internal components have been adequately exercise. This can be done on close examination of

procedural detail. Providing test cases that exercise specific set of conditions and / or loops tests

logical paths through the software.

Using the white-box testing we can derive test cases that

Guarantee that all independent paths within a module have been exercised at least once.

Exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.

Execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds and

Exercise internal data structures to assure their validity.

By the test cases each of the CIS modules have executed at least once and tested for bugs. All the

logic decisions on their true and false sides are executed so that the system will perform well.

Black -Box Testing

Knowing the specified function that a product has been designed to perform, tests can be

conducted that demonstrate each function is fully operational, at the same time searching for errors

in each function. It enables us to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional

requirements for a program.


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It attempts to find errors in the following categories:

1. Incorrect or missing functions.

2. Interface errors.

3. Errors in date structures or external database access.

4. Performance errors.

5. Initialization and termination errors.

Tests are designed to answer the following questions:

How the functional validity tested?

What classes of input will make good test cases?

Is the system particularly sensitive to certain input values?

How are boundaries of a data class isolated?

What data rates and data volume can the system tolerate?

What effect will specific combinations of data have on system operation?

All the functions in the system are tested one after another and the desired tasks are fulfilled. Input

values should lie in the data values size and these must check before processing. All the boundary

values are tested.

System testing strategies have the following generic characteristics:

Testing begins at the module level and works outward toward the integration of the entire

computer-based system.


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Different testing techniques are appropriate at different points in time.

The developer of the software and an independent test group conducts testing.

Testing and debugging are different activities, but debugging must be accommodated in a

testing strategy.

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1 . Unit Testing : It focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of system design-the

module. Using the procedural design description as a guide, important control paths are tested to

uncover errors within the boundary of the module. In the Car Information System all the small units

are tested for errors.

2. Integration Testing : Integration testing is a systematic techniques for construction of

the program structure while conducting test to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The

objective is to take unit tested modules and build a program structure that has been dictated by

design. In the CIS top-down integration is followed, that is modules are integrated by moving

downward through the control hierarchy, beginning with the main control.

3. Validation Testing : Validation succeeds when system functions in a manner that can

be reasonably expected by the end user. This is achieved through a series of black-box test that

demonstrate with requirements. There are two tests conducted for the system validation.


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Alpha Test : A customer conducts it at the developer s site. The software is used in a natural

setting with the developer looking over the shoulder of the user and recording errors and usage

problems of Car Information System

Beta Test : This test is conducted at one or more users sites by the end user(s) of the software.

Here the developer is generally not present. Therefore, the beta test is a live application of the

software in an environment that cannot be controlled by the developer. The customer records all

problems that are encountered during beta testing and reports these to the developer at regular

intervals. The Car Information System is tested at different sites and doing modifications to the

system rectifies the problem reported by the customers.

4. System Testing : System testing is actually a series of different test whose primary

purpose is to fully exercise the computer-based system. Although each test has a different purpose,

all work to verify that all system elements have been properly integrated and perform allocated

functions. Jeans Information System is tested and had taken different measures to avoid errors.

During this process recovery testing is done which is a system test that forces the software to fail in

a variety of ways and verifies that recovery is properly performed. Security testing attempts to verify

that protection mechanisms built into system will in fact protect it from improper penetration .

Data security

About securing Visual Basic for Applications code in Accessdatabases (MDB)


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You can help protect your Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) code by using eithera password or by saving your database as an MDE file. User-level security will not secureyour code, but it will help protect the forms and reports that refer to the code.

Securing Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) code with a password

In a Microsoft Access project (.adp) file and a Microsoft Access database (.mdb) file, you canhelp protect all standard modules and class modules (such as code behind forms andreports) by employing passwords for VBA code, which you and other users must enter toview or edit VBA code in the Visual Basic Editor. Once you set a password, you enter thispassword once per session. The password is required not only for viewing and editing, butalso for cutting, copying, pasting, exporting, and deleting any module. Note, however, thatemploying security measures for your VBA code in this manner doesn't prevent you or otherusers from running existing VBA code.

Saving your database as an MDE file

Saving your Microsoft Access database as an MDE file compiles all modules, removes alleditable source code, and compacts the destination database. Your Visual Basic code willcontinue to run, but it cannot be viewed or edited. Your Access database will continue tofunction normally you can still update data and run reports and the size of thedatabase will be reduced, due to the removal of the code. Memory usage is optimized, whichwill improve performance.

Saving your Access database as an MDE file does not prevent changes to the databasedesign. However, you will notice the following:

y The user interface for modifying or creating forms, reports, or modules will be disabled.y The VBA References dialog box will not allow adding, deleting, or changing references to

object libraries or databases.y The source code will not be available.y The importing and exporting commands will be disabled for forms, reports, or modules.

However, tables, queries, data access pages, and macros can be imported from or exportedto non-MDE databases.

Modules and user-level security

In a Microsoft Access 2000 or later database, standard modules and class modules (such ascode behind forms and reports) no longer employ user -level security, as they did in previousversions. However, forms and reports still make use of user-level security. This means thatmodules and forms and reports employ different sec urity mechanisms.

For example, assuming you have the appropriate permissions , you can add a control to aform, but if the VBA project is locked for viewing and protected with a password, and youdon't know the password, you can't view or edit the module behind the form. Conversely,you can be restricted from designing a form or report th rough user-level security by not


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having Modify Design permission on the object, but if you know the VBA project password,you can access the module behind the form or report.

There is an exception to this. Even if you have Modify Design permissions on a fo rm orreport, you cannot delete the form or report, or set the H asModule property to No , becausethis action deletes the module behind the form or report.

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