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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK BANGALORE -65 DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY 1

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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCESGKVK BANGALORE -65

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY

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presentation on topic

“Peacock & their management ”

Presented by:Navneet Kumar SinghAk 9065

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Contents• Introduction• Facts• Behaviour• Diet• Habitat• Reproduction• Mortality factor• Menace caused• Management• Bibliography

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Introduction

PEACOCK, the National Bird of India, is a colorful, bird with a fan-shaped crest of feathers. Peacock is a large and majestic bird. It has got a long and beautiful tail. The significance of peacock is attached tocultures of India, Far East, Ancient Persia, Greek and Christian.In Hinduism, the image of the god of thunder,rain and war, Indra, was depicted in the form of apeacock.

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In south India, peacock is considered as a 'vahana' or vehicle of lord Muruga.The figure of peacock is painted in various Islamic religious buildings.

In Christianity, the peacock was also known as the symbol of the 'Resurrection'.

The term "peacock" is commonly used to refer to birds of both sexes.

Technically, only males are peacocks. Females are peahens, and together, they are called peafowl.

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The species are:• Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus, a resident

breeder in South Asia. The peacock is designated as the national bird of India and the provincial bird of Punjab.

• Green Peafowl, Pavo muticus. Breeds from Burma east to Java. The IUCN lists the Green Peafowl as endangered due to hunting and a reduction in extent and quality of habitat. It is a national symbol in the history of Burma.

• Congo Peafowl Afropavo congensis.

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Facts .

Average life span in the wild:20 years

Size:Body, 35 to 50 in (90 to 130 cm); Tail, 5 ft (1.5 m)

Weight:8.75 to 13 lbs (4 to 6 kg)

Group name:Party

Did you know? A male peafowl is one of the largest flying birds when

the combined length of its train and its large wingspan are considered.

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Behaviour• Peafowl are forest birds that nest on the ground but roost

in trees. • They are terrestrial feeders.• Both species of peafowl are believed to be polygamous.• The colorful tail of the Peacock is fanned out to be able

to show dominance and for the purpose of attracting a mate.

• They live in groups and the male will often have a harem of several females around him.

• They tend to be very social and their groups are referred to as parties.

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• They will also do well isolated, but it is usually the older males that aren’t with a group.

• When they want to mate though they will form a small group for a short period of time.

• The complexities of their hierarchy can be hard to understand even when plenty of time is spent observing a particular party.

• Our peafowl will let people get relatively close to them but

are not tame enough to be touched or petted.

The only exception is when you have food in your hands.• They are quite pecky when they do this and so caution is

advised if small children are feeding them, as it tends to scare or even hurt.

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Diet• Peafowl are omnivorous and eat most plant parts, flower

petals, seed heads, insects and other arthropods, reptiles, and amphibians.

• They will take the opportunity to eat what they can gain access to.

• Grain is on of the most common items that they eat.• They will also consume fruits and seeds that they find but

those items aren’t always available year round for them to consume.

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Habitat.

• They live in large heard in open forests, banks of rivers and streams, orchards and stream side forests.

• If you are really want to watch our this beautiful national bird, you can watch them in any part of the country.

• Even, on the side of your road and far in the fields from your vehicle, they can be seen in full majesty.

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Reproduction.• Peafowls usually reach sexual maturity at the

age of 2 to 3 years age .• The peak season in southern India is April to

May, January to March in Sri Lanka and June in northern India.

• Males will do all they can to get the attention of females for mating. A male may display his feathers and prance around to get the female attracted to him.

• Once mating has occurred the female will find materials to create a nest.

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• The males will go looking for other females that they can also mate with.

• The clutch consists of 4–8 fawn to buff white eggs which are incubated only by the female

• It can take up to 28 days for the eggs to hatch.• The young will grow very quickly and within a few

days they can walk around on their own.• It will take them a few months though to be able

to fly.• The females tend to stay close to each other and

they will help each other with caring for the offspring.

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Mortality Factor.• Adult peafowl can usually escape ground

predators by flying into trees.

• Large animals such as leopards, dholes and tigers can sometimes ambush them however, and in some areas such as the Gir forest, peafowl are fairly common prey for such formidable predators.

• Foraging in groups provides some safety as there are more eyes to look out for predators.

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• They are also sometimes hunted by large birds of prey such as the Crested Hawk-Eagle and Rock Eagle-owl.

• Chicks are somewhat more prone to predation than adult birds.

• Adults living near human habitations are sometimes hunted by domestic dogs or by humans in some areas (southern Tamil Nadu) for folk-remedies involving the use of "peacock oil".

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National bird : a menace• Peacock is reported causing heavy crop loss in

many parts of Palakkad district in northern Kerala by feeding on a wide variety of crops, including paddy and banana.

• It is estimated that around 1,700 hectare agriculture land is prone to peacock attack in the district this year,” .The data was generated as part of an exercise to assess the extent of man-wild animal conflict in the district.

• They don't even spare the ornamental plants in home gardens.

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• Flocks of birds would swoop down on paddy fields and feed on the grains that are ready for harvest. Paddy is also destroyed in the process as the heavy birds crisscross the fields .

• Farmers complained that the birds had destroyed groundnut and vegetable seedlings in several areas.

• Birds were also found feeding on chilli . • Banana and paddy seemed to be their favourite

feed and a flock of around 15 would come attacking the fields at a time.

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Management.• Peacocks are accorded maximum protection in

the country by including them in the Schedule-I of the Wildlife Protection Act.

• References of the birds in Indian mythology have also provided them some cover from hunters.

• The only option before farmers was to scare them away using fire crackers.

• If the area is small then high fencing can be done

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• Dogs can also be used to scare them away.• Use of friendly traps are advisable .• Perhaps the most economical of bird pest control

products is the Bird Scare Device.These consist of reflective foils, tape banners and balloons. Most banners and tape produce sounds in the breeze that are really annoying to pest birds. Balloons most often have a large predator eye to intimidate birds.

• For small properties, Scarecrow can be used.• This bird pest control device is rather unique in that it

features a motion-activated sprinkler that turns on whenever it senses a bird within a certain radius.

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• To redirect an army of pest birds like peacocks and keep them away, there are Bird Foggers and Misters. These bird pest control devices spray an irritating mist into an area, and once they sniff this stuff, it's adios pest birds.  The chemical used by these devices is a food-grade methyl anthranilate, a grape extract that won't harm birds, pets or people

• Some foggers and misters feature timers and multiple nozzles to let you control the direction and time of each chemical spray. 

• Finally ,Bird Netting are used, which comes in several mesh sizes to keep out all manner of pest birds, including peacocks.