National Technical University of Athens

Unit of Environmental Science and

Technology

Prof. Maria Loizidou

Fotis Kourmousis, PhD candidate

LIFE 3rd countries:Development of best management

systems for high priority waste streams in Cyprus

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Scope - objectives Develop management systems for:

End of Life Vehicles (ELVs) Comply with EU environmental

legislation

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6th environmental action program of the EU

1. Hazardous

2. Municipal

3. Industrial

4. Hospital

5. Packaging

6. Sludge

7. Waste oils

8. End of life vehicles (ELVs)

9. Construction & demolition

10. Waste from electric & electronic equipment (WEEE)

“TOP 10” PRIORITY WASTE STREAMS:

4

Implementation of project 6 tasks:

Analysis of characteristics of the ELVs waste stream. Presentation of the existing situation concerning its management

Inventory of the quantities and generation sources – forecasting

Multi-criteria decision support tool Techno-economic study Dissemination Management and reporting to EC

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Task 1/6 Characteristics analysis & present

situation actions: Description of the waste composition and

characteristics Determination of the problem and

environmental impacts Identification of all actors involved Determination of all the responsible

competent authorities

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Task 2/6 Inventory & forecasting actions:

Development of the inventory methodology and tools

Implementation of the inventory Development of an appropriate

database Input of information into the developed

database – Assessment of data

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Task 3/6 Multi criteria decision support tool actions:

Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology that will be used

Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria that will be used for the evaluation

Description of the alternative scenarios – management systems that are possible for implementation

Quantification of the criteria for each alternative scenario – Input of the data in the multi-criteria software tool – Screening of each alternative management system according to its applicability

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Task 4/6 Techno-economic study actions:

Full techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management systems for each waste stream

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Task 5/6 Dissemination actions:

Meeting of the steering committee, partners and directors

Workshops Seminars and training courses Conference Website, leaflets, publications etc.

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Task 6/6 Management and reporting to the EC

actions: Determination of the beneficiary’s and

partner’s key-staff and responsibilities Reporting to the EC

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Organization and structure Management committee

Beneficiary: N. Georgiades (project coordinator), K. Papastavros, Th. Messimeris

Partner: M. Loizidou (scientific responsible), K.J. Haralambous, A. Papadopoulos

Technical – scientific committee Steering Sub committee:

ELVs

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Steering committee: ELVs Representatives from:

Environment Service – Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (beneficiary)

National Technical University of Athens (partner) Electromechanical Service of Cyprus Recycling Association Importers Association Cypriot Commercial and Industrial Chamber Statistic Service of Cyprus Vehicle License Authority of Cyprus Cypriot Customhouse

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General progress Organization of project Collection of data: contacts with

Statistical Service and relevant parties involved

Analysis of data Trips abroad Database Workshops for raising awareness

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Steps Development of alternative

scenarios with multi-criteria analysis

Techno-economic study Selection of final scenarios Dissemination of project results

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Task 1: Analysis of the characteristics of the waste stream – Presentation and assessment of the existing situation

Start/end date: 1.1.2004 – 30.4.2004 Activities:

Subtask 1.1: Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts

Subtask 1.2: Recording of the current situation related to the management of the waste stream

Subtask 1.3: Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream

Subtask 1.4: Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems

Deliverables: List of the waste streams’ characteristics, composition and potential

environmental impacts (20.3.2004) List of existing management practices (29.3.2004) List of the actors and competent authorities involved (30.4.2004)

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Task 1: activities and outcome

Subtask 1.1: Description of the characteristics of the waste streams – Determination of the potential environmental impacts: The characteristics and the composition of

the ELVs waste stream as well as of their dangerous substances were described in detail. Also, the potential environmental impacts which are related to the generation of ELVs waste are determined and assessed

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Task 1: activities and outcome

Subtask 1.2: Recording of the current situation related to the management of the ELVs waste stream: The European and Cypriot environmental

policy and legislation concerning the waste stream under examination were recorded and analyzed

The procedures and practices applied in Cyprus for the management of the waste stream Complete were illustrated

The effectiveness and the sustainability of the existing management schemes and systems were assessed

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Task 1: activities and outcome

Subtask 1.3: Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream: All the actors involved in the life cycle

of the products from which the waste are generated (producers, importers, transporters and users of products) were recorded

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Task 1: activities and outcome

Subtask 1.4: Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems:

All the competent authorities involved in the permitting, control and monitoring of the management systems and plants that will be constructed in Cyprus were recorded. Also, the effectiveness of the existing procedures that are followed by the competent authorities were evaluated.

The existing situation in Cyprus concerning the generation and the procedures applied for the management of the three waste streams was assessed overall - The weak points were determined and suggestions for improving were developed.

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Deliverables of Task 1Report (Deliverable 1 of 1st Progress Report)

including: Description of the characteristics of the waste

stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts

Recording of the current situation related to the management of the ELVs waste stream

Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream

Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems

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Task 2: Detailed inventory of the sources and quantities of ELVs waste stream – Forecasting of the future quantities that will be

generated Start/end date: 1.1.2005 – 30.4.2005 Activities:

Subtask 2.1: Development of the inventory methodology and tools Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory Subtask 2.3: Development of an appropriate database Subtask 2.4: Input of information into the database

Deliverables: Information spreadsheets (29.2.2004) Questionnaires (31.7.2004) Catalogue of sources and quantities of wastes (30.9.2004) Completed database (30.4.2005) Report with primary collected data (30.4.2005) Report with evaluated data (30.4.2005)

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Task 2: activities and outcome

Subtask 2.1: Development of the inventory methodology and tools: The inventory programme (steps that must be followed for the

collection of complete, representative and up-to-date data) was designed

All the actors and authorities involved in the generation and management of waste stream, were recorded, individually

The actors and authorities which could provide data related to the three waste streams were selected (it must be mentioned that the primary data kept by the actors and authorities does not refer to waste quantities but could be used as a basis for the extraction of quantitative data)

Three informative spreadsheets were developed and distributed to the actors and authorities involved for their information about the project

The collection of the primary data was supported by questionnaires that were developed and distributed to the actors and authorities involved in order to collect data kept by them that are useful for the calculation of the quantities generated in the country per waste stream (the content of each questionnaire was adapted to the type and the form of the data kept)

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Task 2: activities and outcome

Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory:A. Collection and recording of primary data and

information necessary for the estimation of the quantities of the waste stream

An extensive inventory programme took place in order to collect all the information related to the generation of the ELVs waste stream under examination. In particular, the following analytical primary data and information were collected and recorded

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Task 2: activities and outcome

Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory:End-of-Life-Vehicles: Number of new licenses per vehicle’s

category, number of licensed vehicles per category, number of vehicles imported in Cyprus per category, number of vehicles per habitant, number of cancelled license vehicles and data concerning the importers of vehicles.

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Task 2: activities and outcome

Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory:B. Assessment and evaluation of the primary

collected data – Estimation of the quantities of ELVs, generated in Cyprus – Future projections

All the primary collected data was used for the determination of the quantities of the ELVs waste stream under examination that were generated in Cyprus as well as for the estimation of the future quantities that will be generated. The calculation of the quantities generated was carried out using appropriate mathematical equations and models.

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Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory:End-of-Life-Vehicles:

For the calculation of the ELVs generated in Cyprus, a mathematical model that was developed by the NTUA (partner) in the framework of its participation in the Thematic Center on Waste and Material Flows of the European Environmental Agency was used. The data that was input into the model for the determination of the quantities of the waste stream under examination was:

Number of vehicles that were imported to Cyprus per type and per year

Number of licensed vehicles per type and year Stock of vehicles per type and year Age of vehicle per type and year

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Number of licensed vehicles per type and year

Αδειοδοτημένα Οχήματα ανά κατηγορία

050000

100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000

Σ.Υ.

T.O

.M

Σ.Υ.

T.O

.M

Σ.Υ.

T.O

.M

Σ.Υ.

T.O

.M

1990199119921993199419951996199719981999 2000 2001 2002 2003

ΤρίκυκλαΦορτηγά οχήματα (μέχρι 2,032 kg)Αυτοκίνητα ΕνοικίασηςΤαξίΙδιωτικά Οχήματα (συμπεριλ. Εκπαιδευτικά οχήματα και οχήματα για ανάπηρους)

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Estimation of the future quantities of ELVs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

elvs

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Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.3: Development of an

appropriate database: An appropriate database was

designed and developed for the ELVs waste stream

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Task 2: activities and outcome Subtask 2.4: Input of information into the

database: All the data collected during subtask 2.2 was

insert into the database developed via subtask 2.3. Using appropriate software tools, this collected material was assessed (the assessment includes forecast for future generation of the waste streams under examination). Also, this database provides the user with the capability to demonstrate the results in graphics.

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Deliverables of Task 2 Information spreadsheets-Questionnaires

(Deliverable 1 of 1st Progress Report Report with primary collected data -

Catalogue of sources (Deliverable 1 of Interim Report)

Quantities of waste stream under examination - Report with evaluated data (Deliverable 2 of Interim Report)

Completed database – Deliverable of the next Progress Report (December 2005)

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Task 3: Implementation of an appropriate multi-criteria supporting tool – Selection of management

systems Start/end date: 1.3.2005 – 30.6.2005 Activities:

Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology Subtask 3.2: Setting, description and calibration of the assessment

criteria that used for the evaluation Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management

systems Subtask 3.4: Quantification of the criteria – Input of the data in the

multi-criteria software tool – Screening of each management system according to its applicability

Deliverables: Multi-criteria decision software tool (31.3.2005) List of criteria used (20.4.2005) Report with alternative management systems Ranking of alternative management systems according to their

applicability Optimum management system for each waste stream

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology:

Alternative multi – criteria decision methods were recorded and examined:

I. Decision supporting tool based on the use of an aggregation function of groups of criteria

Step 1: Determination and selection of all the individual criteria - Classification of criteria in categories of criteria (groups of criteria)

Step 2: Each group of criteria are numerically weighed (factors of gravity), according to their importance (degree of importance) - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%)

Step 3: Each individual criterion is numerically weighed (factor of gravity), according to its importance in each group of criteria - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%)

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology:

Step 4: Development of the multi-criteria model, based on the aggregation function:

F (O)= Σ Ai *Οi where: Οi : each group of criteria Αi : factor of gravity of each group of criteria Σ Ai =1 (100%), Step 5: Analysis of the characteristics of each individual criterion and

quantification of their performance in a scale of 1 – 10. Step 6: Recording of the actual characteristics of each individual criterion

for each alternative scenario – Rating of their actual performance according to the scale set in Step 5.

Step 7: Input of the data obtained in step 6 into the multicriteria model

(aggregation function) for each alternative scenario - Grading of the results for each scenario

Step 8: According to the results obtained from step 7, all the alternative scenarios are ranked (the scenario with the highest score is ranked first)

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology:II. Decision supporting tools based on the determination of individual

criteria and comparison of alternative scenarios per couple for each criterion

Step 1: Determination and selection of all the individual criteria Step 2: Each individual criterion is numerically weighed (factor of gravity),

according to its importance - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%) Step 3: Development of the multi-criteria model: Models: ELECTRE – PROMETHEE (I, II) Step 4: Analysis of the characteristics of each individual criterion and

quantification of their performance in a scale of 1 – 10. Step 5: Recording of the actual characteristics of each individual criterion

for each alternative scenario – Rating of their actual performance according to the scale set in Step 5.

Step 6: Input of the data obtained in step 5 into the multi-criteria model for each alternative scenario – Ranking of alternative scenarios according to their suitability after comparison per couple

According to their effectiveness, the most suitable multi-criteria model was

selected: PROMETHEE II

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Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.2: Setting, description

and calibration of the assessment criteria used for the evaluation: All the assessment criteria were set,

described and calibrated (14 criteria in four groups of criteria). Table 1 presents the criteria and groups of criteria used.

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Table 1: Individual criteria and groups of criteria

Social - Institutional Environmental Economical Technical

Harmonization with the legislative framework

Level of potential effects to the environment– Demands on anti-pollution systems

Cost of construction Performance

Adopting of legislative priorities

Air emissions Operational and maintenance costs

Existing experience - reliability

Social acceptance Generation of wastewater Space demands Versatility to local conditions

Possibility of creation of new jobs

Generation of solid waste – residues

Flexibility

Noise pollution

Visual annoyance

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Task 3: activities and outcome Subtask 3.3: Description of the

alternative scenarios - management systems: All the scenarios- management

systems that are possible for implementation were recorded and examined

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ELV

Liquid removal

Disassemply (1st stage)

Disassemply (2nd stage)

Disassemply (3rd stage)

Compaction /Cutting

Shreding

Benzine, mineral oils, coolants, lubricants

Recovery

Windows, doors etc.

Tires Recovery

Reuse/R

ecyclingR

ecycling

Battery/accumulator καλωδιώσεις Recovery

Seats (Synthetic resin) Recovery

Engine CuttingFerrous/non

ferrous metals

springs

Non ferrous metals

Ferrous metals Thermal tretment on site

Shreding Dust

Thermal treatment

Sanitary lanfilling

Diagram: Management of ELVs

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: The management of the ELVs includes main individual

steps: Disassembling – Recovery of materials for recycling/reuse Shredding Separation of shredding streamsAccording to: the level of disassembling procedure (disassembling of parts

in sequential stages: removal of liquids and their containers, battery, windows, doors, tires, engine) or complete disassembling

the management practices of the materials recovered after disassembling

the management practices of the materials separated after shredding (ferrous and non ferrous metals, shredding residual)

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems:The following alternative schemes are examined:

Scenario 1: Partial disassembling – Shredding – separation – recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals – Landfilling of shredding residue

Scenario 2: Partial disassembling – Shredding – separation – recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals – thermal recovery of combustible shredding residue – landfilling of non combustible shredding residue

Scenario 3: Partial disassembling – Shredding – separation – recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals – thermal recovery of combustible shredding residue – utilization of non combustible shredding residue in cement industries

Scenario 4: Complete disassembling – Shredding – separation – recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals – Landfilling of shredding residue

Scenario 5: Complete disassembling – Shredding – separation – recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals – thermal recovery of combustible shredding residue – landfilling of non combustible shredding residue

Scenario 6: Complete disassembling – Shredding – separation – recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals – thermal recovery of combustible shredding residue – utilization of non combustible shredding residue in cement industries

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems:The following alternative management schemes were

examined: Scenario 1: Complete disassembly and forwarding of

recyclable materials to the native existing market Scenario 2: Complete disassembly and forwarding of

recyclable materials to the native market (after developing of the appropriate infrastructures)

Scenario 3: Complete disassembly and transfer of recyclable materials abroad

Scenario 4: Partial disassembly forwarding of recyclable materials to the native existing market

Scenario 5: Partial disassembly and forwarding of recyclable materials to the native market (after developing of the appropriate infrastructures)

Scenario 6: Partial disassembly and transfer of recyclable materials abroad

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Task 3: activities and outcome

Subtask 3.4: Quantification of the criteria – Input of the data in the multi-criteria software tool – Screening of the management system according to its applicability: All the criteria used for the evaluation of alternative

scenarios for ELVs waste stream were quantified in accordance to their performance

All the data that were collected and assessed in subtask 3.3, will be used by the multi-criteria software tool in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each alternative management system for ELVs waste stream.

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Deliverables of Task 3 Multi-criteria decision software tool (Deliverable

of the next Progress Report) List of criteria used (Deliverable of the next

Progress Report) Report with alternative management systems

(Deliverable of the next Progress Report) Ranking of alternative management systems

according to their applicability (February 2006) Optimum management system for ELVs waste

stream (February 2006)

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Task 4: Carrying out of a techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management system of each waste stream

Start/end date:01.07.2005 – 30.06.2006 Activities:

Subtask 4.1: Development of a techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management system of ELVs

Deliverables: Full techno-economic study for the implementation

of the optimum management system of ELVs (30.6.2006)

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Task 5: Dissemination Activities

Start/end date: 01.01.2004 - 30.06.2006 Activities:

Organization of Conference Scientific publications Development and updating of the project website Preparation and distribution of printed material describing the project Organization of workshops, seminars and training courses Advertisements Preparation and distribution of leaflets

Deliverables: Minutes from the meetings with stakeholders Proceedings of the final conference Proceedings of workshops Website Publications Leaflets Information material for seminars and training courses

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Task 6: Management & Reporting to EC

Start/end date: 01.01.2004- 30.06.2006 Activities:

effective management of the project and fulfilment of the activities included

visit of the representatives of the EC to Cyprus – Presentation of the project (11.2.2004)

preparation and submission of reports to the EC Deliverables:

Minutes of the meetings between the partners: Dec. 2003, Feb.2004 (3 meetings), May 2004, Nov. 2004, Feb. 2005, May 2005, Sept. 2005

Progress reports (1st: 30/6/2004, 2nd: 31/12/2005) Interim technical and financial report (31/03/2005) Final technical and financial report (15/09/2006) Auditing report (31/07/2006)

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