prof. maria loizidou national technical university of athens (ntua) [email protected]
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Prof. Maria Loizidou National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) [email protected]. “ Water Resources Management : Needs and Prospects ” Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013. BRAWA Project. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Prof. Maria LoizidouNational Technical University of Athens (NTUA)
“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/20131
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
BRAWA Project
“Development and implementation of an innovative, brackish water treatment pilot plant for the production of drinking water
in communities of Jordan”
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
The project was funded from the General Secretariat of International Economic Relations and Development Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
BRAWA: Funding
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
BRAWA: Partners
Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST)Faculty of Agriculture
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)School of Chemical EngineeringUnit of Environmental Science and Technology (UEST)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
“The main objective of this project is
the development of an innovative, energy autonomous system for the treatment of brackish water system in order to provide an isolated Jordan community with
clean water”
BRAWA: Main aim
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Millenium Development Goals 2015
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of the United Nations, form a blueprint agreed by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions.
Source: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/environ.shtml
The world has met the target of halving the proportion of people without access to improved sources of water, five years ahead of schedule, but still the problem remains
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
2013: International year for water cooperation
In December 2010, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared 2013 as the United Nations International Year of Water Cooperation
UN recognizes that cooperation is essential to strike a balance between the different needs and priorities and share this precious resource equitably. Note that today, 783 million people still remain without access to an improved water supply. Many more use water that is unsafe to drink.
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Fresh Water Availability (2007)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Fresh Water Availability (2025)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Global Water Distribution & Water Classification
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Although the absolute quantities of freshwater on earth have always remained approximately the same, the uneven distribution of water and human settlement continues to create growing problems freshwater availability and accessibility
Seawater and brackish water desalination has been proven to be a technologically sound and promising option for combating the coming water crisis
Water Supply & Desalination
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Processes for water desalination
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Installed desalination capacity by process
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Technical characteristics of the main desalination technologies
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Electricity consumption in RO plants depending on feedwater quality
The per m3 consumption of electric energy, depends on the feedwater as follows:
Seawater: 4 - 7 kWh/m3
Brackish water: 1 – 3 kWh/m3
“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Groundwater basins in Jordan
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
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Currently, Jordan produces about 50 Million Cubic Meters by desalination from over 10 desalination plants (the majority of which comprise reverse osmosis plants, see table on the left):
40 MCM are being used for domestic purposes and
10 MCM for irrigation
Desalination plants in Jordan
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Sources of brackish water which can be utilized from different groundwater basins
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
In Jordan, there is not only a water shortage problem but also the electricity is mainly produced by fossil fuels and in some case there is a lack of electricity grid connection.
Renewable energy driven desalination has been evaluated from different researchers as the most suitable option resulting from multi-criteria analysis under economic, technical, availability, reliability and environmental sustainability criteria
As part of ADIRA project activities (MEDA-WATER programme), a solar powered desalination system has been installed in the Hartha Charitable Society (HCS) in Hartha village in the northern part of Jordan (PV-RO, Capacity: 0.5 m3/day, 18$/m3)
Decentralized concept Energy Autonomous Desalination
Systems
RES-Desalination Coupling
“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Innovative, energy autonomous brackish water treatment plant (BRAWA system)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Implementation Region
The implementation region is Salhiyyat Al-Naeem Village of the Rwaished Municipality, in the eastern Jordan (distance from Rwaihsed to Salhiyyat Al-Naeem: ~35 km)
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BRAWA: Methodology (1/2)
Analysis of the current situation regarding the management of water resources in Jordan
Presentation and analysis of the current situation regarding the management of brackish water in Jordan
Study and design of a prototype, autonomous energy, integrated pilot system for treating brackish water
Construction of a pilot system for the treatment of brackish water
Operation of the pilot system
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
BRAWA: Methodology(2/2)
Evaluation of the pilot operation and optimization of the system’s performance
Suggestions for implementing on a large scale – Evaluation of the system’s environmental and economic performance
Dissemination of project results
Management of the program – reporting to Hellenic Aid and Greek consulate
“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Components:
Reverse Osmosis membrane unit (RO)
Photovoltaic System (PV)
Wind turbine system
Vertical pulsatory motion of a conductor (patented system)
Storage water tanks
Batteries
All basic and auxilliary equipment has been succesfully installed on site.
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
BRAWA system: Renewable Energy Capacity (KW)
The hybrid system has the capability to produce electricity and save up to 25 kW, utilizing renewable energy sources, namely solar, wind and energy production under water pressure.
Specifically, the distribution of energy produced by the system is as follows:
From the wind energy, using the specially designed vertical axis rotor, up to 10kW (Wind Part)
From solar energy through the use of photovoltaic (solar) cells, up to 2kW (Solar Part)
From the vertical pulsatory motion of a conductor inside a magnetic field (natural magnet), inside a liquid layer of water under pressure, up to 13kW (Patented system )
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Wind Part (1/2)
Nominal Capacity: 10kW
Design: Vertical axis, four curved shape blades
The mechanical energy produced from the rotation of the blades, is converted (after speed change with a gear box) to electricity. This conversion is realized through the use of energy converters and the energy produced is stored to the batteries system which is installed in the underground support metallic base.
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Wind Part (2/2)
Different views of the
Wind power system
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Solar Part (1/2)
Nominal Capacity: 2kW
Design: Single-crystalline Silicon
Mounting: Under the rotor, on the main body (8 photovoltaic panels)
The slope of the support bases and the connection of photovoltaic panels ensure maximum output per surface. The power produced from the solar system is stored to the batteries system which is installed in the underground support metallic base.
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Solar Part (2/2)
Different views of the
Solar power system
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Patented System (1/2)
Nominal Capacity: 13kW
The main part of renewable energy is generated (13kW) through the use of a conductor device installed in the main body.
This device takes advantage of the vertical pulsatory motion of the water under pressure, inside a magnetic field (produced by a natural magnet).
It is noted that this unique power generation system has introduced an additional innovation to the BRAWA system and holds an International patent (Patent No. 1006179). This provides an exceptional advantage over conventional renewable power systems.
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Energy production device from the vertical pulsatory motion of a conductor
Patented System (2/2)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Reverse Osmosis System (1/7)
Brackish water treatment system
Reverse osmosis Capacity: 1.7 m3/hr (40 m3/day)
Recovery rate 65%
Feed pressure 6-12 bar
Produced water conductivity: < 400 μS/cm (drinkable water specifications)
Feed water temperature 10-60oC
Dosage of antiscalant 6ppm (gr/m3)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Typical Feedwater quality (2/7)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Reverse Osmosis system (3/7)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Reverse Osmosis System (4/7)
Pre-treatment stage
Pre-chlorination dosimeter (sodium hypochlorite solution for removal of soluble iron and manganese)
Multi-layer sand pyrolusite filter (removal of suspended particles and iron ions
Multi-layer activated carbon filter (removal of free chlorine and residual iron)
Figure: Multi-layer activated carbon filter
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Reverse Osmosis System (5/7)
Figure: Pressure vessels containing the RO membranes
Treatment stage
Stainless steel high-pressure pump
Six (6) Reverse Osmosis membranes
Pressure vessels containing the membranes:
Number: 3 vessels (2 membranes per vessel)
Maximum pressure: 21 bar
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Reverse Osmosis System (6/7)
Post-treatment: Permeate rehardening stage
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) device for the disinfection of remixing current (filtered feeding water). The UV unit is stainless steel with a capacity of 1.8m3/h.
Dosimeter feeding system of sodium hypochlorite solution (chlorine) for the protection of stored distributed water from microorganisms. It includes 200lt PE (polyehtylene) tank with dosing pump
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Water output taps
Fresh Water Production System (7/7)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Freshwater Composition
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Maintenance
Suggested Manner For Descending Into The Underground SupportBase (Maintenance Personnel)
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Ergonomy: Dimensions of support base
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
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Photos
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Photos & Video from the construction (1/2)
See also Video 1
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
Jordan, Amman, 22/04/2013
Photos & Video from the construction (2/2)
See also Video 2 See also Video 3
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“Water Resources Management: Needs and Prospects”
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Thank you for your attention!
Photo from the installed system for the treatment of brackish water in Rwaished, Jordan