National Security

Introduction: National security is a state or condition where our most cherished values

and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced.

Our national security environment is infused with different important dimensions. Internal threats to our national security make up the first dimension. The growing uncertainties that lie in the regional and global milieu make up the second dimension of our national security environment, even as threat of external aggression against our country remains in the remote horizon. No doubt for century’s national security has been the basic and paramount concern of the nation states.

The most serious threat facing Pakistan at the moment is posed by terrorism and the ongoing war on terrorism, narcotics drugs circulation and growth of different crimes in Pakistan.

Internal Security Threats To Pakistan

Introduction:

Pakistan, ‘land of the pure’ was created as a separate homeland for the Muslims. Since coming into existence as an independent state, Pakistan is facing internal and external threats. The challenges of threats faced are, old as well as new.

Challenges to Pakistan’s Internal Security

•Religious/Sectarianism•Ethnic•Refugees•Terrorism•Poverty/Population

Religious:

Religious identity formed the genesis of the struggle for Pakistan, which in 1947 emerges as the most populous Muslim state.

Sectarianism:

Pakistan was faced less with the menace of sectarian threats, as the only party which existed in the earlier days was the Jamaat-i-Islami led by Syed Abul Alla Moudidi.

Ethnic:

Another danger is the problem of ethnic unrest. Punjab, with almost 60 percent of the population, dominates almost all aspects of national life. Smaller ethnic groups, all of who have at one time been actively dissident, resent this fact.

Refugees:

Another cause for concern was the involvement of the refugees in drug trafficking. They had free access to drugs like heroin that they smuggled through the porous borders into Pakistan. This made all these drugs easily accessible to the local society, which, resulted in increase of drug addiction.

Terrorism:

It basically exists in two forms in Pakistan. The religious extremist groups, which have been outlawed and have been involved in sectarian killings or violence fall in this category, whose prime target is not foreign commercial targets but grudges against the government and the second one is supported by external sponsorship.

Poverty/Population:

At the present the economic position of the country is not all that optimistic. With the proposed growth rate, the problems of meeting the basic needs of the citizens will be difficult. The average person living well below the poverty line will be further drawn into the turbulence of economic deprivation and embedded further deep into poverty.

Concluding Remarks:

Governance: The quality of governance needs to be improved. Civil and

military relations needs to be addressed, a harmony between them needs to be created to create a cordial domestic political environment.

Ethnicity/Minorities: Civil leadership should facilitate dialogue between the

ethnic groups in Sindh to create a balance and harmony. Contact should be established between the ethnic groups so that they can talk out their grievances and redress the situation.

•Terrorism: Internally Pakistan should deal with curbing sectarianism as that is posing a lot of terrorist threats to the security. With emphasis on controlling internal threats of terrorism, external the threats should also not be ignored as they act as feeders to the internal threats.

External Security Threats To Pakistan

Introduction: Security implies the absence of real or perceived threats whether

originating from internal turmoil, external sources, economic disparities and inequalities.

To effectively deal with such threats, nations not only seek power (economic, political, and military) and take adequate measures either toward them off or to minimize their perceived adverse impact, but efforts are also directed to acquire more and more power as well as efforts are also made simultaneously to inculcate a sense of security among the citizens.

The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, once said “The weak and defenseless, in this imperfect world, invite aggression from others.”

External Security: Pakistan has been facing external threats to its independence

and territorial integrity right from its birth. Sandwiched between India and Afghanistan, Pakistan’s

security perceptions have been largely influenced by its state of relationships with India and Afghanistan. More specifically, the single largest source of security challenges has been with India.

Pakistan is confronted with a three-threat scenario— The perennial threat from India, The threat from Afghanistan, The threat emanating from a changing domestic situation.

Threats from India and Afghanistan make a formidable task for Pakistani security planners. The developments following 9/11 have further complicated the situation.

Threats From India.

Since partition, the state of Kashmir, Siachin, Sir Creek, and water related issues are also taking a huge chunk of antagonism between the two countries. Although the process of Indo-Pak normalization was initiated in 2004, and for four years meetings of various agreed baskets were regularly held, the Mumbai incident abruptly halted the process. The long delays in resuming the useful dialogue adversely impacted the process of desired neighborly normalcy. However, the dialogue has been recently resumed. It is the earnest hope of many South Asians that recently resumed dialogue would maintain a desired level of consistency.

Security Threats From Afghanistan:

 The second major source of external threat emanates from the current developments in Afghanistan. The threat from Afghanistan did not acquire alarming proportion until the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in December 1979. Since then, Pakistan Afghanistan relations have experienced many vicissitudes.

Post 9/11 developments further complicated the situation. There is no doubt that people of both Pakistan and Afghanistan have great regard for each other, but the policies are made by the ruling groups. The powerful elements within the incumbent Karazai cabinet are not just known to be extremely sympathetic to Pakistan’s eastern neighbor, but appear to take some kind of pleasure in making Pakistan uncomfortable.

It is true in strategic terms that in view of Afghanistan’s internal problems (including the ongoing civil war) and the relative military inferiority, it cannot pose a serious threat to Pakistan’s security. But the danger of possible fallout from Afghanistan’s political instability into the neighboring provinces of Pakistan cannot be overlooked.

The provinces of Kyber-Paktoonkhawa, FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas), and Baluchistan are extremely prone to such an eventuality, primarily because of the existence of dissident elements. During his recent confirmation hearings for Secretary of Defense, Senator Chuck Hagel remarked that India has over the years financed problems for Pakistan from Afghanistan. 

Six issues have been impacting Pakistan-Afghanistan relations rather consistently since the emergence of Pakistan as an independent country, and each of them has taken some toll on the Pak-Afghan reservoir of goodwill. These issues include unbridled rumors regarding the Taliban’s linkages with Pakistan and their periodic adventurism, the status of the Durand Line, Indo-Afghan relations, the landlocked nature of Afghanistan, the presence of foreign forces (including American and NATO forces), and the undesired critical speeches of the Afghan leaders unnecessarily vilifying Pakistan. Each of these issues has been periodically making adverse contributions.

9/11 Incident: Soon after the tragic events of 9/11, the Americans invaded Afghanistan

and further messed up the already chaotic and complicated situation in Afghanistan.

If the Afghan mess is to be sorted out, then both the Afghan and Americans need to do much more then what they have done so far. The Afghans need to check and minimize corruption if they are unable to eliminate it altogether to reduce fairly heavy dependency upon the drug barons, transform its drug based economy, accelerate work on the developmental projects which could improve the job situation, introduce and undertake effective measures in order to improve law and order situation, improve techniques of police training, initiate and embark upon political approaches, expand and accelerate the training program for its army, avoid undiplomatic and irresponsible speeches and statements, and cooperate with Pakistan in order to jointly work towards the attainment of peace and stability in Afghanistan etc.

9/11 Incident: But as long as Pakistan is not focusing on its internal threats hard enough,

eliminating the external threats will not resolve the security challenges the country faces. While Pakistan still has a good number of peace loving citizens residing in it, the increasing number of extremists in mainstream Pakistani society is a source of concern.

While Pakistan does not face an imminent threat to its existence from (increasing) extremism, it definitely is a worrying trend. If militants/terrorists are the fuel that drives a machine, extremists are the machine themselves. Fuel eventually runs out with time (as the state of war is not perennial), but the machine does not. As long as machine is still there, it only needs some 'ignition' to be operational again. Extremism revitalizes militancy. The Pakistan military is pounding the militants hard in their strongholds, but the LEAs & the courts are doing far less to tackle the extremists (potential to-be-militants) in the rest of the country.

Concluding Remarks:

The most important lesson is that Pakistan must have political, economic, and assured deterrence capability to forestall aggression from all quarters. For as long as there are disputes and conflicts in the region of geographical, political and economic interest to a nation, latent threats to its sovereignty will continue to exist.

Crimes In Pakistan

Introduction:

A crime is wrongful conduct defined by law as being punishable by imprisonment, a fine, or other penalty and an unlawful act punishable by a state.

Types Of Crimes:

There are many different types of crimes which are following:

Crimes Against Persons Crimes Against Morality Organized Crime

1.Crimes Against Persons:

Crimes against persons, also called personal crimes, personal include murder, aggravated assault, rape, and robbery.

2.Crimes Against Morality:

Crimes against morality are also called victimless crimes, because there is not any complainant, or victim. Prostitution, illegal gambling, and illegal drug use are all examples of victimless crimes.

3.Organized Crimes:

Organized crime is crime committed by structured groups typically involving the distribution of illegal goods and services to others. Many people think of the Mafia when they think of organized crime, but the term can refer to any group that exercises control over large illegal enterprises (such as the drug trade, illegal gambling, prostitution, weapons smuggling, or money laundering).

Statistics Of Pakistan 2003 to 2012

Source: Bureau of Police Research &Development Ministry Of Interiors

Crimes Reported By Type

Statistics Of Pakistan 2003 to 2012…Continue:

Crime in Pakistan is present in various according to a report the crime stats of last five years are

1,953,209 total cases were reported in Punjab. 430,814 total cases were reported in Sindh. 658,386 total cases were reported in KP. 45,071 total cases were reported in Balochistan. 7,527 total cases were reported in Gilgit Baltistan. 29,188 total cases were reported in AJK.

Causes Of Crime In Pakistan:

Leading causes of crime in Pakistan are following: Major causes of crimes are illiteracy and unemployment. Lawlessness, fundamentalism, backwardness and double

standards prevailing in the society of crime. In the lesser civilized areas the people of Pakistan's are

suffering from extreme depths of poverty ,which is the foremost reason of crime.

Frustration and aggression in our youth due to less security and safety for their future.

Contravene of rules and lack of judiciary also gives birth to crime.

Concluding Remarks:

To maintain the strong judiciary, Pakistan has to introduce honest officers in law maintaining departments, encouraging employment opportunities for illiterates and literates.

DRUGS IN PAKISTAN

BACKGROUND:

In 1998s Pakistan and Afghanistan exported nearly half of world heroines.

Some heroines are smuggled by sea on vessels by the port of Karachi.

Morphine’s base is transported overland through Pakistan and Iran or directly to Iran from Afghanistan.

Shipment of Afghan produced morphine base are also sent by sea from Pakistan’s Makran coast.

Types Of Drugs:

Heroin Charas Alcohol Cigarette Shisha Cocaine Chalyia Gutka Pan

Kinds Of Drugs:

Shisha:

Shisha comes with different flavor which result for users to have a lot of alternatives.

The flavors of shisha covered and hide the harmful effects of the main gradient that makes the user an addict.

Shisha tobacco is addictive and hazardous to a smoker’s health as traditional cigarette.

The tobacco used for shisha pipe is not the same as the cigarette, its fresh tobacco leaves that haven’t been doctored or cut with any chemical.

Shisha Drug:

Effects: Inhaling smoke into the lungs, the incomplete combustion produced by

tobacco produces carbon monoxide which impairs the ability of blood to carry oxygen when inhaled into the lungs.

There are 4000 in tobacco 100 identified poisons and 63 known drugs which causes cancer.

Nicotine is the dangerous and nerve toxin drugs When tobacco is smoked most of the nicotine is pyrolyzed.

Youngsters:

6.4 million drugs addicts in Pakistan and most of these addict are youngster.

The majority of drugs addicts usually start with soft drugs like chaliya, gutka and pan.

Young people are more vulnerable to drug use and there are 420,000 people who inject themselves with drugs.

The purchase of drugs or alcohol by young people is usually through dealers and agent.

Their number are easily exchanged from one person to another in hostels, hotels and hidden places.

Youth Of Pakistan Involved InDrugs:

Factors Responsible For Drug Abuse:

Poverty Unemployment Easy availability Organized gang of drug mafia Corruption among the government agencies responsible for

checking smuggling. Easy money Lucrative business Political instability, poor law, order situation and social

backwardness. No action is being taken against drug cartels.

Role Of Government:

Government should try to reduces the scale of unemployment. Drugs cartel should be taken up drugs and removed altogether. Strict action against drugs cartel may help to reduces the

amount drug addicts. Punishment for such persons who sell and buy it. Concrete step must taken to weaken the hold of drugs on

society.

Campaign Against Drugs In Pakistan:

Concluding Remarks: The primary goals of drug abuse or addiction treatment also

called recovering are abstinence relapse prevention and rehabilitation.

Drug addiction substantially reduces sober time available to the person.

The family is destroyed, personality is stunted and emotion becomes intense and distorted.

Government must take concrete steps to stop smuggling and illegal entrance of drugs.

Debates and program must be arranged on TV and a campaign must be initiated to control and catch the drug traffickers.

Impact Of War On Terrorism In Pakistan

Introduction:

The terrorist act of September 11,2001.in the region of south Asia, Pakistan has most delicate strategic position.

The threat of terrorism has steadily increased over the last 30years.

The terrorist of yesterday is the hero of today and the hero of yesterday is the terrorist of today.

Main Body: Various attempts have been made to distinguish among types of terrorist

activities It is vital to bear in mind however there are many kind of terrorist

movement. popular typology identifies three broad classes of terrorism

Revolutionary, Sub revolutionary and also establishment.

Proper Sum Up:

Social and political injusticeAfghan war 1997IlliteracyPoverty and unemployment DissatisfactionPolitical causes

Individual Topics: Education the use of education as a political tool in Pakistan is nothing

new. The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into 5

level Primary Middle High Intermediate University Program Poverty In Pakistan Poverty is very common more people are poor in

our country.

Concluding Remarks:

Terrorism is a great hurdle in our economic, prosperity, political stability, geo strategic and energy security.

Development activities are held due to effected areas such as KPK and FATA.

Terrorism is a complex Problem with many diverse causes.

Conclusion: Pakistan is having security challenges from regional, sub-regional

entities and even across regional players i.e. India, Afghanistan, Iran, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the US. The turning point in the internal and external security threat was propelled by the event of 9/11, in which Pakistan was asked either to be ‘us’ or with ‘the terrorists’ and thus Pakistan became an ally of the US in her war against terrorism. This major shift in our foreign policy made friends opponents and turns the table on Pakistan. Now Pakistan is a security deficit state. And now as the US is planning to partially withdraw its forces from Afghanistan at the end of 2014 which is biggest challenge for Pakistan’s security because the US’s presence in Afghanistan is interconnected with the stability and national security of Pakistan.

Furthermore, India, a neighboring country with who we are always in a state of war and enduring rivalry since the inception of Pakistan as its inception was not accepted by them whole heartedly. The reason of this enduring rivalry is also seeded in the unresolved issue of Kashmir which is the mother of all problems. Similarly the asymmetry in power capabilities, the Indian hegemonic designs and the persisting sense of insecurity also add fuel to fire and in making the relation cool and dry and the irresolution of different issues between these two.