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NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST): recent work on ammonia and methane emissions

relevant to CenSARA

Daniel J. Jacob, Harvard UniversityAQAST Leader

www.aqast.org

with Fabien Paulot, Kevin Wecht, Alex Turner, Lei Zhu

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satellites

suborbital platforms

models

AQAST

Pollution monitoringExposure assessmentAQ forecastingSource attribution Quantifying emissionsExternal influencesAQ processesClimate interactions

AQAST

3AQAST members

• Daniel Jacob (leader), Loretta Mickley (Harvard)• Tracey Holloway (deputy leader), Steve Ackerman (U. Wisconsin); Bart Sponseller (Wisconsin DNR)• Greg Carmichael (U. Iowa)• Dan Cohan (Rice U.)• Russ Dickerson (U. Maryland)• Bryan Duncan, Yasuko Yoshida, Melanie Follette-Cook (NASA/GSFC); Jennifer Olson (NASA/LaRC)• David Edwards (NCAR) • Arlene Fiore (Columbia Univ.); Meiyun Lin (Princeton)• Jack Fishman, Ben de Foy (Saint Louis U.)• Daven Henze, Jana Milford (U. Colorado)• Edward Hyer, Jeff Reid, Doug Westphal, Kim Richardson (NRL)• Pius Lee, Tianfeng Chai (NOAA/NESDIS)• Yang Liu, Matthew Strickland (Emory U.), Bin Yu (UC Berkeley)• Richard McNider, Arastoo Biazar (U. Alabama – Huntsville)• Brad Pierce (NOAA/NESDIS)• Ted Russell, Yongtao Hu, Talat Odman (Georgia Tech); Lorraine Remer (NASA/GSFC)• David Streets (Argonne)• Jim Szykman (EPA/ORD/NERL)• Anne Thompson, William Ryan, Suellen Haupt (Penn State U.)

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On AQAST website (google AQAST), click on “members” for list of 19 members and areas of expertise

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What makes AQAST unique?

All AQAST projects connect Earth Science and air quality management: Involve active partnerships with air quality managers, have deliverable

outcomesExpand relationships through meetings, online tools, newsletters

AQAST has flexibility in how it allocates its resources Members adjust work plans to meet evolving air quality needs Multi-member “Tiger Teams” are organized each year to address newly

emerging, pressing problems requiring coordinated activity AQAST is self-organizing and can respond quickly to demands

Quick, collaborative, flexible, responsive to the needs of the AQ community www.aqast.org

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Scope of current AQAST projects

AQ agency

• Local: RAQC, BAAQD• State: TCEQ, MDE, Wisconsin DNR, CARB, Iowa DNR, GAEPD, GFC• Regional: LADCO, EPA Region 8 • National: EPA, NOAA, NPS

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Earth Science resource

Satellites: MODIS, MISR, MOPITT, AIRS, OMI, TES, GOES, GOME-2

Suborbital: ARCTAS, DISCOVER-AQ, ozonesondes, PANDORA

Models: MOZART, CAM, AM-3, GEOS-Chem, RAQMS, STEM, GISS, CMIP

7Semiannual AQAST meetings

• Share knowledge and experience in using Earth Science data and tools for serving AQ management

• Educate AQ managers in the use of Earth Science data and tools, educate Earth scientists on AQ needs

• Hear about pressing AQ management issues, and determine how AQAST can help

Boulder (May 11), RTP (Nov 11), Wisconsin (Jun 12), CARB (Dec 12), Maryland (Jun 13);AUSTIN JANUARY 15-17 2014!

AQAST meeting at U. Maryland (June 9-11, 2013)

We hope to see you in Austin!http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/aqast/meetings/2014_janLocal host: Dan Cohan (Rice University)

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AQAST communicationsand outreach

• Twice-yearly AQAST meetings• AQAST workshops and training sessions• AQAST representation at AQ meetings• Ozone garden network• Website, quarterly newsletter (click here to subscribe)• Media center, Twitter

ARSET/AQAST at CMAS

St. Louis ozone garden

NO2 trends lenticular

9Optimizing NH3 emissions in US (and globally) by adjoint inversion of 2005-2008 NH4

+ wet deposition flux dataNADP data (circles) and GEOS-Chem model after adjoint inversion

April:fertilizer

July:livestock

kgN ha-1 month-1

Paulot et al. [submitted]

NH3 emission NH3(g)/NH4+

dry wet

Chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem)

GEOS-Chem adjoint

agriculture, other sources

10Optimized ammonia emissions …and new MASAGE bottom-up ammonia emission inventory

US EU E Asia x 0.5

crops

livestock

other anthronatural

2.7 2.9 8.4

2.8 3.1 8.4 (China)

Paulot et al. [submitted]

11Seasonality of ammonia emissions in different regions

Paulot et al. [submitted]

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Zoom over CenSARA region (annual ammonia emissions)Optimized inventory from the inversion has 200 km monthly resolution;MASAGE inventory has 50 km resolution

13Detailed MASAGE emissions breakdown for Nebraska

beef crop

beef housing

beef pasturedairy all

pork crop

pork storage

poultry hous-

ing

poultry other

other live-stock

corn fertilizer

wheat fertil-izer

other fertil-izer

other an-

thro-pogeni

c natural fires

Total emissions of 121 Tg N yr-1 (2005-2008 average)

What product(s) would be of particular value to CenSARA members?

14Using satellite observations of methane

to constrain US methane emissions

1700 1800ppb

SCIAMACHY methane (Jul-Aug 2004)

adjoint inversion

methane emissions

Wecht et al. [in prep]Livestock Oil & Gas Waste Coal Mining Other

0

5

10

15Total US anthropogenic emissions (Tg a-1) EDGAR v4.2 26.6

EPA 28.3

This work 32.7

15Current satellite observations of methane available from GOSAT

GOSAT data, May-June 2010Correction factors to EDGAR v4.2from preliminary inversion

• GOSAT data are sparser than SCIAMACHY (RIP 2005) but of good quality; TROPOMI (2015 launch) will give full daily coverage

• We are presently working to squeeze all the information we can get from the GOSAT data; need stakeholder interest to focus our efforts

• Is this of interest to CenSARA? Can we develop collaborations?

Turner et al. [in progress]

16Detection of anthropogenic VOC emission hotspotsby oversampling of satellite (OMI) formaldehyde data

Res=0.04o, bandwidth=36km

Prevailing Winds

Houston

Dallas

Port Arthur

Biogenic

Formaldehyde column, molecules cm-2

• Data can be used to evaluate reactive VOC emissions in regional AQ models

• Unexpected hotspots can be identified (oil/gas operations?)

• Can cover CenSARA region if there is interest – or focus on suspected hotspots?

Lei Zhu, Harvard