napoleon, congress of vienna, nationalism
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TRANSCRIPT
I know, it’s a lot.
Directory
Robespierre get chopped (1794) Directory of 5 takes over – more
conservative Ruled with an assembly
Women’s Rights after Revolution Olympe de Gouges: Declaration of Rights
of Women & Female Citizen (1791) Sliced during Reign of Terror
Gain some rights: public schooling, land/family rights
Mary Wollstonecraft, English: fought for equal education rights
“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility.”
“Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may only be based on common utility”.
Age of Napoleon
Born in Corsica (off Italy) 1769 Rose through the ranks fast
1792: captain 1794: brigadier general 1795: saved National Convention from angry
mob 1796: commander of French army in Italy 1797: defeat Austrians, national hero 1798-99: attacks British through
Egypt..doesn’t go well. Finds Rosetta Stone. Retreats.
Naps.
Coup in 1799 brings a new Republic to France.
Three consuls…Napoleon one of them Naps big influence
Legislature Bureaucracy Army Foreign affairs
1802: named consul for life 1804: crowns self Emperor…
…back to monarchy in France.
What’s it all about?
Why did the revolution happen in the first place? Limit arbitrary government
How did it end? Far more autocratic gov’t As time progresses, Nap’s regime more
dictatorial
Napoleon’s Domestic Policy Concordat:
Reestablishes Catholic church
Pope acknowledge Revolution
Not state religion, but religion of majority
Clergy paid by state (Protestants too)
N’s.D.P. Codified laws (before 300 different
legal systems) Just like who?
New: Equality of citizens (except? ) Choice of profession Religious toleration Abolition of serfdom/feudalism Family law: more patriarchal Women less equal than men
Nap’s Military Strength
Hugely successful general, gained territory
Mistake: invades Russia 1812 (600,000 went in, only 40,000 came out)
1814: exiled to Elba 1815: comes back to France 1815: Loss to British (Duke of
Wellington) at Waterloo 1815: Exile to Saint Helena 1821: Dies
Nap’s Empire
Europe after Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
European powers meet (1815) Led by Austrian, Metternich Purpose: restore order after fall of
Napoleonic France and create balance of power
Monarchy restored: Louis XVIII Territory gained by Nap, given back Ushers in an era of [relative] peace in
Europe for 100 years.
Nationalism
Right to have an independent political rule based on shared history and common future
What do people have in common? Language, customs, traditions, values,
religion
Types of Nationalism
Cultural: shared culture… not necessarily voluntary
Political: seek independence to protect community
Ethnic: shared ethnicity brings a group together regardless of political border
Religious: shared religion…(same as above)
Diaspora: ethnic/religious group based on shared identity. Separated from historical homeland, but share a common ethnicity or religion Example?
Other Revolutions
Mexico: Fr. Hidalgo leads. Assassinated, 1811. “Father of Mexico”
Haiti: only slave state. Rich French colony. L’Ouverture leads.
South America: fight Spain, gain independence. Simon Bolivar. Venezuela, Columbia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia