NANOTECHNOLOGY

Dr. MOHAMMAD IMRAN AZIZ Assistant Professor(Sr.) Department of Physics,Department of Physics,

Shibli National Post Graduate College, Azamgarh- 276001

E-mail: aziz_muhd33@yahoo.co.in

� INTRODUCTION

� NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

� SALIENT FEATURES

CONTENTSCONTENTS

� SALIENT FEATURES

� APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE

� APPLICATIONS

� CONCLUSION

Nanotechnology Is Not A New Phenomenon

The Lycurgus Cup: 4 th Century A.D .

Green = Reflected Light

The British Museum. http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac. uk/ (March 2004)

Image of silver/goldnanoparticle in the

Lycurgus cup

Red = Transmitted Light

Nanotechnology in medieval Nanotechnology in medieval period( 17period( 17thth centuary)centuary)

•The steel of Damascus blades, which were first encountered by the Crusaders when fighting against Muslims, had features not found in European steels

• A characteristic wavy banding pattern known as damask, extraordinary mechanical properties, and an exceptionally sharp cutting edge.

• Here we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to examine a sample of Damascus sabre steel from the seventeenth century and find that it contains carbon nanotubes as well as cementite nanowires.

Nature 444, 286 (16 November 2006)

“There’s Plenty of Room at the “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”Bottom”

(Richard Feynman’s Presentation (Richard Feynman’s Presentation –– Dec 29, 1959)Dec 29, 1959)

Why Is NanoScience Popular NowWhy Is NanoScience Popular Now

��Development of Tools Development of Tools –– “Seeing” and “Seeing” and “Manipulating” at the Nano“Manipulating” at the Nano--LevelLevel“Manipulating” at the Nano“Manipulating” at the Nano--LevelLevel

––STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy)STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy)

––AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy)AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy)

––Other toolsOther tools

NANOTECHNOLOGYNANOTECHNOLOGY

THE THE REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIESPOSSIBILITIES

NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICSNANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

How big (small) are we talking How big (small) are we talking about?about?

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��1 meter1 meter

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��10 centimeters10 centimeters

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��1 centimeter1 centimeter

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��100 micrometers100 micrometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��10 micrometers10 micrometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��1 micrometer1 micrometer

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��100 nanometers100 nanometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��10 nanometers10 nanometers

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

��1 nanometer1 nanometer

NANOMETER………..(nm)NANOMETER………..(nm)

�� A nanometer is one billionth of a A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10meter (10--9 m). This is roughly ten 9 m). This is roughly ten times the size of an individual atom.times the size of an individual atom.

SO WHAT IS IT?SO WHAT IS IT?

NanotechnologyNanotechnology isis basicallybasicallymechanismsmechanisms thatthat havehave beenbeen builtbuiltbyby nanoscalenanoscale componentscomponents usingusingtoto placeplace everyevery atomatom andandtoto placeplace everyevery atomatom andandmoleculemolecule inin aa desireddesired placeplace

You could make one slice 1 nm

size and smallest size is part of

Nanostructure of bulk material

Nanofabrication: TopNanofabrication: Top--Down vs. Down vs.

BottomBottom--UpUp

Why Is Nanotechnology So Cool?

Bulk Goldmp = 1064° C Color = gold

1 nm gold particlesmp = 700 °C

λmax = 420 nm Color = brown-yellow

20 nm gold particlesmp = ~1000 °C λmax = 521 nm

Color = red

100 nm gold particlesmp = ~1000 °C λmax = 575 nm

Color = purple-pink

nanostructures

� Nanostructures are defined as anymaterial which has one or moredimensions which are measured on thethe scale of nanometers. This definitionhas been applied for structures that havehas been applied for structures that havea conning dimension ranging from 600 nmin size to structures which are only one ortwo atoms in size (less than ananometer). These structures vary widelyin form and can consist of slabs, wires,dots, rings, tubes,hollow spheres andmore

Nanotubes

Nanowires

NanoslabNanoslab

Nanodots

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

Nanotechnology Applications Nanotechnology Applications Information Technology Energy

• Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful computing and other IT-based systems

• More efficient and cost effective technologies for energy production− Solar cells− Fuel cells− Batteries− Bio fuels

Medicine Consumer Goods

− Bio fuels

• Foods and beverages−Advanced packaging materials,

sensors, and lab-on-chips for food quality testing

• Appliances and textiles−Stain proof, water proof and

wrinkle free textiles• Household and cosmetics

− Self-cleaning and scratch free products, paints, and better cosmetics

• Cancer treatment• Bone treatment• Drug delivery• Appetite control• Drug development• Medical tools• Diagnostic tests• Imaging

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

�� Improvements and developments in Improvements and developments in existing products, such as stronger existing products, such as stronger and lighter materials.and lighter materials.

��Potential to initiate completely new Potential to initiate completely new products and industries that do not products and industries that do not exist today exist today

Thank You!

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Thank You!