nanotechnology: overview and alitiapplications/media/files/projects/nano-commodities/duttant.pdf ·...

Nanotechnology: Overview and A li tiApplications

Joydeep DuttaCenter of Excellence in Nanotechnology

School of Engineering & TechnologyAsian Institute of Technology

P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120THAILAND

http://www.nano.ait.ac.th1

THAILAND

Why everyone’s talking about nanotechnology?


Nanotechnology Evolution!

N t h l iNanotechnology is coming of age but still is

“b b t h l ”http://www.nano.ait.ac.th3

a “baby technology”

Discovery 1940’s…….Applications 1990’s

Microelectronics today

Discovery 1940 s…….Applications 1990 s

A Pentium® chip with 3.3 million transistors.Such microprocessors are at the heart

The world’s first transistor, developed in Bell Labs in 1947.


Such microprocessors are at the heart of today’s personal computers.

e abs 9It was a point-contact device roughly one centimeter across.

Research 1990’s…….Applications 2020?Nanotech today & tomorrow

Research 1990 s…….Applications 2020?


Microelectronics Future

Beyond 2008, thereare major challenges

Need for Need for DISRUPTIVE DISRUPTIVE Technology!Technology!

are major challenges in gate technology, memories, and metrolog Technology!Technology!metrology.


Future MicrocomputersProducts

Si, SiGeGaAs

Future Microcomputers

Applied tech. SiC?

Tech. Dev.

Spintronics

Organics

Applied res. Diamond!Quantum

Computing

p

Nanotubes

1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 Basic res.

Molecular

Ti ( ) k


Time (years) to market

Clusters and surface atoms

Size (nm) 1 2 3 4 5

Atoms on surface: 45 %92%

10000

100000

ms 100

120

%)

100

1000

l no.

of a

tom

40

60

80

ace

atom

s (%

1

10

0 10 20 30

Tota

0

20

40

0 5 10 15 20 25

Surf

a


0 10 20 30Cluster size (nm)

0 5 10 15 20 25

Size of cluster (nm)

Electronic structure

Calculated & experimental optical band gap energies for various silicon crystallites and wires


Furukawa E, Miyasato T. Phys Rev B 1988;38:5726; Delure C, Lannoo M, Allan G, Martin E. Thin Solid Films 1995;255:27.

J. Dutta, W. Bacsa and Ch. Hollenstein, J. Applied Physics 77 (1995) 3729.

Quantum confinement leads to…….

ZnS nanoparticles scattering light

S. M. Scholz, R. Vacassy, J. Dutta, H. Hofmann and M. Akinc, Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998) 7860.

http://www.nano.ait.ac.th10Films of ZnS:Mn2+under UV exposure

Biological labelling: fluorescent Q- dots

•Highly fluorescent stable ZnS nanoparticles obtained in aqueous dispersions.

•The particle surfaces are tailored to enable pcovalent bonding to biopolymers such as proteins, petides or oligonucleides.

Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels


P. Alivisatos, University of California, Berkeley

R. Vacassy, S. M. Scholz, , J. Dutta, C. J. G. Plummer, R. Houriet and H. Hofmann; Journal of American Ceramic Society 81 (1998) 2699.

QD labeled EUB338 probe

Mixed microorganisms, QD-EUB probe

Paracoccus denitrifans QD EUB


Paracoccus denitrifans, QD-EUB probe

Self-organisation by undirected assembly

supported by SIDA, Sweden Au Nanoparticles for Forensic ScienceAu Nanoparticles for Forensic Science

Highlighting Fingerprints


Metal Ion Sensor

cobalt ionsHeavy Ion Sensor

Chitosan capped gold

cobalt ions

Chitosan capped gold colloids showed a

plasmon peak absorption at 522 nmabsorption at 522 nm.

0 m M3 m M10 m M

di i ( ff )

400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Abs

orba

nce

(a.u

.)

Sodium ions (No effect)

Copper ions


A

Wavelength (nm)

A. Sugunan et al. (2005), Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 6, 335–340

The result of combination staining

GNPs and Gram stainGNPs and Gram stain

E.coli, 1h, CC-GNPs +GS E.coli, 24hrs, CC-GNPs +GSE.Coli with Gram stain


E.coli, 1h, MSG-GNPs + GS E.coli, 24hrs, MSG-GNPs + GS

Visible Light Photocatalysis

2ZnO:Mn2+

ZnOZnO:Mn2+ ZnO

Photoreduction carried out withb b

Photoreduction of MB withsunlight (visible + UV) using

Control (only MB)

500 W bulb (no UV) usingZnO:Mn2+ and ZnO

sunlight (visible + UV), using ZnO:Mn2+ and ZnO nanoparticles.


Ruh Ullah et. al. Manuscripts in submission (2007)

Diagnostics and Drug Delivery

Inorganic - inorganic core shell Inorganic - organic core shell Organic - organic core shell

Liposome Nanoemulsion

o ga c o ga c co e s e o ga c o ga c co e s e O ga c o ga c co e s e

Lipid nanoparticle

Q t ti l M ti ti l D i ti lQuantum particle Magnetic particle Drug carrier particleFluorescent Drug carrier particle

PS-g-PAA micelles stained with Pb(A )3Pb(Ac)3

G. Carrot, J. C. Valmalette, C. J. G. Plummer, S. M. Scholz, J. Dutta, H. Hofmann and H. Hilborn; Colloid


DNA linked Au particles, C.A. Mirkin

f ;and Polymer Science 276 (1998) 853-859

Medical applications

Diagnosticsg

Separationp

k h

Image Guidance

C.A. Mirkin, Inorg.Chem. 2000, 39, 2258-2272

Drug Delivery Cancer Cosmetics


and Gene Therapy

“Today’s science fiction is oftenToday s science fiction is often tomorrow’s science fact.”

-Stephen Hawking


Nanotechnology in Consumer Products

Nanotechnology is gradually finding its place in many consumer products by improving their performances. This is achieved by a change in the physical propertieswhen feature sizes are shrunk to below 100nm.


Nanotechnology in medical & Health productsNanotechnology in medical & Health products

Home Pregnancy Test

Uses gold nanoparticles (less than 50 nanometers in diameter)

If HcG detected nanoparticles reflectred, otherwise blue

N M kNano Mask

• Utilize nanoparticle enhanced filters• Blocks potentially harmful airborne

contaminants• Attacks contaminants in both inhaled

and exhaled air

f


www.emergencyfiltration.com

www.csmonitor.com

Nanosilver Wound Dressings

Nanotechnology in medical products

• Patented Nanocrystalline Technology

• Silver Nanoparticles

• Powerful antimicrobial barrier protection• Powerful antimicrobial barrier protection

Joint and Muscle Pain Cream

• Nanotechnology to deliver active ingredients through skin

• 90 nanometer liposomes to soothe aching muscles.

Liposomes are small, spherical vesicles which consist of hi hili li id l i


amphiphilic lipids, enclosing an aqueous core.www.flexpower.com

N t h l i d t lNanotechnology in dental care

Dental Adhesives

• Silica Nanofiller Technology

• Stronger bond to tooth enamel

Cavity Preventing Toothpaste

•Fluoride compounds turn into 10nm calciumfluoride particles in the mouth

T th b th it ti fl id•Teeth absorves the cavity-preventing fluoride

f b


www.forbes.com

N t h l i B t CNanotechnology in Beauty Care

Face Creams

L’Oreal Paris uses a patented 200nm technology

• vitamin A inside a polymer capsule• outer shell dissolves under the skin.

Zelens incorporates nanoscale Fullerene C-60

• Remarkable antioxidant properties

www.loreal.comwww forbes com


www.forbes.com

N t h l i B t CNanotechnology in Beauty CareSunscreen Lotion

• photostable UV absorber

• ultra-fine titanium dioxide / zinc oxide

• particles smaller than wavelength of light

Hair colour defenderHair colour defender

• prevents sunlight from attacking hair colour

• guards against colour-fading UVA/UVB rays

• antioxidant properties


www.beautydeals.net

N t h l i B t CNanotechnology in Beauty Care

Moist Soft Cloth Mask

• Uses Bamboo-Carbon Nanoparticles

• Absorbs far infra-red radiations

• Antibacterial, Antifungal and Deodorant

Hair ShampooHair Shampoo

• Uses Nanotechnology to penetrate hair shaft

• Target areas where hair repair is neededg p

www.greenyarnstore.com


g ywww.beautydeals.net

N t h l i S tNanotechnology in Sports

Tennis Balls

• Inner core coated with nanocomposite coating

• Inhibits permeation of air from inside

• Retains shape• Retains shape

Baseball Sluggers

• Uses carbon nanotubes• Faster response • Stronger than normal carbon fiber ones

www.forbes.comwww wilson com


www.wilson.com

N t h l i S tNanotechnology in Sports

Golf Stick and ballUses fullerenesUses fullerenes

Compared to conventional titanium

• more resistant to bendingmore resistant to bending • better hardness• more resilient head• increased flight distance

Racing Bicycles• Frame made using Carbon Nanotube

• Frame weighs only 1 Kilogram• Frame weighs only 1 Kilogram

• 20 times stronger than steel frames


www.grandprix.com

Safer Tires Using NanotechnologyNanoProducts has successfully used itsnanoscale materials to produce tires withimproved skid resistance and reducedabrasion NanoProducts’ specialty materialsabrasion. NanoProducts specialty materialsused in such prototype tires are commerciallyavailable.

Nanotechnology creates safer tires andlonger lasting consumer products Thelonger lasting consumer products. Thebreakthrough can be applied to otherelastomers.

http://www.nano.ait.ac.th29www.nanoproducts.com

Front Fender (Bumper)

Nanotechnology in Automobile Industry

The X-TRAIL comes equippedThe X TRAIL comes equippedwith a front fender made of aspecial plastic that when bent willautomatically return to its originalh

Nissan X-TRAIL SUV

shape.

The plastic contains a small percentage of carbonnanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are as hard asdiamonds and their tensile strength is 25 times thatof most metal alloys. Adding around 3–5 percentcarbon nanotubes by volume to plastic radicallyincreases the strength of the plastic Carbon Nanotubes


increases the strength of the plastic.

http://lookjapan.com/LBst/02NovST.htmhttp://www.nissan.com.tw/x-trail/index.htm

Carbon Nanotubes

N t h l i A t bil I d tNanotechnology in Automobile Industry

Antireflection coating, catalytic converter, sun protecting glaze, thermo-plastic nanocomposites.p p

Automobile paints use nano particles so that dust cannot sit on the surface

Water-repellant nano-barrier on windscreens

increase visibility by 34% on a rainy night

Lotus Effect

f


www.nanofimtechnology.comwww.daimlerchrysler.com

N t h l i Gl T t tNanotechnology in Glass Treatment

Coated with a few dozen nanometers of a photoactive film,

Natural radiation from sunlight chemically reacts with organic dirt deposits on the surface. p

Hydrophilic film causes water droplets and dirt to spread evenly over the surfaceevenly over the surface

ww pilkington com


ww.pilkington.com

N t h l i th h h ldNanotechnology in the householdRefrigerators, Washing Machines, Airconditioners & Microwave Ovens

i t t d ith il ti l• integrated with silver nanoparticles• nano-appliances reportedly eliminate 99.9%

of two very harmful micro-organisms: staphand E. coliand E. coli

Nano silver in filters

• remove bacteria from air• prevent fungi from breeding on the filter • purifies the air, reduces dust, eliminates

odours


Nanotechnology in the householdNanotechnology in the household

U i i fib th t tt h t th

Stain free Mattress

• Uses microscopic fibers that attach to thenatural fiber of the cover

• Increase water and oil repellency and staini tresistance

Self Cleaning Toilet

• Inner bowl coated with a non-porous super smooth surface with a roughness lessthan 30nm

S bb ll 1 i• Stubborn wastes are as small as 1 micron

• Dirt, mold or bacteria unable to get a foothold


Nanotechnology in the householdNanotechnology in the household

Food Storage

• Infused with antibacterial silver

nanoparticles

• Keeps food fresh for longer periodsKeeps food fresh for longer periods

No Mist Spray for Bathrooms

Ionized nano-silver particle attached to the surface of alumina-silica just 15 nanometers in diameter

Effective in controlling bacterial infestation that leads to gunk and odors in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets.

www lion co jp


www.lion.co.jpwww.sharperimage.com

N t h l i I ti P d tNanotechnology in Innovative Products

Cultured Diamonds

• Grown using Chemical vapor Deposition

• No extra stress on the environment

Nano & UV Artificial Tooth Cleaner

• Nano – silver Technology removes debris on dentures

• Spotless effect using UV light sterilization and nano-

silver bacteriostasis

www.apollodiamond.com


www.fuzing.com

N t h l i Cl thiNanotechnology in Clothing

Nanowhisker used is only ten nanometers long,

Stain free Clothing

made of a few atoms of carbon

• Resist spills• Repels & releases stains p• Resists static• Coolest comforts• Wrinkle free

Winter Wear

Nanotechnology

Stink-proof socks

19 nm nanoparticlesNanotechnology makes the two layerlaminate windproof, waterproof and dirt resistant

19 nm nanoparticles within fibers provides protection against odor & fungus


www.nanotex.com

N t h l i F d I d tNanotechnology in Food Industry

Cooking Oil

• Uses 30 nanometer capsules.

• Seep through tissues

• Better biodelivery of nutrients.

Chocolate Chewing Gum

Fats found in chocolate will cause chewing gum to fall apart.

Nanoscale crystals modify surface morphology and give gum a creamier texture and chocolate flavor.

www forbes com


www.forbes.com

Nano Nano DDetergentetergent The Nano Detergent is adopting micro emulsionThe Nano Detergent is adopting micro emulsion nano technology and unique prescription.

Its decontamination mechanism is difference with other detergents at all

:: www acencorp com ::

with other detergents at all.

The common detergent is only to remove or erase the oil.

::. www.acencorp.com .::

The exact application of our detergent is for dissolving oil, greasy, lubricants and other similar dirt on the surface of various implements ,such as metal ,plastic, aluminium, glass, stone, wood, ect.

At the same time the peculiar and abnormal smell will be splited out thoroughly, and not neccessory to wash with water except


those vessel use for eat and drink such as pot, bowl, cup, inside of the icebox and the microwave ect..

Th i k t li it t th b ttThere is no sky to limit us at the bottom

Thank You

www.nano.ait.ac.th

Students & Researchers involved:Mr. H. Warad, Mr. A. Sugunan, Ms. Sujira Promnimit, Mr. Siddhartha Jain, Mr. Ruh Ullah, Mr. Arif Hasan, Mr. Syed Hasan Mujtaba Jafri,

Mr Anders Hansson Mr Bunyarit Hemtanon Mr Patrick Juilland Mr S C Ghosh Mr M K Hossain Ms O Pummakarnchana Kazi


Mr. Anders Hansson, Mr. Bunyarit Hemtanon, Mr. Patrick Juilland, Mr. S. C. Ghosh, Mr. M. K. Hossain, Ms. O. Pummakarnchana, Kazi

Kased L. Ahmed, Ms. Swetha Rank, Mr. Randall Carl Dunkin, Mr. Rantej Bali, Ms. D. Arvind Salvi, Dr. C. Thanachayanont, Dr. Chollada

Warmsingh, Dr. Gamolwan Tumcharern

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