BY APURV TANAY VERMA MECHANICAL ENGG.

• WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY.• APPLICATIONS.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTH &

MEDICINE.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MATERIAL &

MANUFACTURING.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SPACE.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN

CONSTRUCTION.• NANOTECHNOLOGY IN

TRANSPORTATION.• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.• CHALLENGES.• FUTURE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY• SUMMARY.• BIBLIOGRAPHY

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Nanotechnology is the creation of USEFUL/FUNCTIONAL materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length scale and exploitation of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical, biological) at that length scale.

“If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering.”

-Neal Lane Former Assistant to the President for Science And Technology

• Space.• Medicine.• Electronics.• Food.• Fuel Cells.• Solar Cells.• Batteries.• Fuels.• Better Air Quality.• Cleaner Water.• Chemical Sensors. • Fabric.

• Integrated circuits built with nanotube transistors.• Using electrodes made from nanowires .• Display technologies & Quantum computing.• Using nano-sized magnetic rings to make

Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) .• Developing molecular-sized transistor withthe width of

transistor gates to approximately one nm.• Using self-aligning nanostructures to manufacture nanoscale integrated circuits.• Using nanowires to build transistors without p-n junctions.• Higher transmission frequencies and more efficient

utilization of optical spectrum to provide at least 10 times the bandwidth now.

• Computers and the industries around them are set to be advanced a further giant step with the application of nanotechnology.

• Nanotechnology gives scope to develop new ideas and methods of running super-fast processors, storing data, and many other computational advances.

• Nanotechnology also allows for new applications which require more processing power, or to be smaller, or less energy intensive.

• Expanding ability to characterize genetic makeup will revolutionize the specificity of diagnostics and therapeutics

- Nano devices can make gene sequencing more efficient.• Effective and less expensive health care using remote and in-vivo devices.

• New formulations and routes for drug delivery, optimal drug usage.• More durable, rejection-resistant artificial tissues and organs.• Sensors for early detection and prevention.

Nanotube-basedbiosensor forcancer diagnostics

Ability to synthesize nanoscale building blocks with control on size, composition etc. Further assembling into larger structures with designed properties will revolutionize materials manufacturing. -Manufacturing metals, ceramics, polymers,

etc. at exact shapes without machining -Lighter, stronger and programmable

materials. -Lower failure rates and reduced life-cycle costs. -Bio-inspired materials. -Multifunctional, adaptive materials.

- Self-healing materials.

Advanced nano-materials such as the newly developed, isotopically enriched boron nanotubes could pave the path to future spacecraft with nano-sensor-integrated hulls that provide effective radiation shielding as well as energy storage.

• Cooking oil, teas.

• ‘Health’ supplements and diet products.

• Colour and nutritional additives for soft drinks, dairy and bakery products.

• Food processing aids.

• Long-life packaging.

• Antibacterial kitchenware. • Fertilisers, pesticides and agrochemicals

Nanotechnology has the potential to make construction faster, cheaper, safer, and more varied. Automation of nanotechnology construction can allow for the creation of structures from advanced homes to massive skyscrapers much more quickly and at much lower cost.

• Applications in – 1.Steel.2.Cement.3.Glass.4.Coating.5.Fire protection & detection.

• Thermal barrier and wear resistant coatings.• High strength, light weight composites for increasing fuel efficiency.• High temperature sensors for ‘under the hood’.• Improved displays.• Battery technology.• Wear-resistant tires.• Automated highways.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of electronic products, procedures, and applications. Nanotechnology can also benefit the energy sector. Another industry that can benefit from nanotechnology is the manufacturing sector. In the medical world, nanotechnology is also seen as a boon since these can help with creating what is called smart drugs.

Its development is the possible loss of jobs in the traditional farming and manufacturing industry. Atomic weapons can now be more accessible and made to be more powerful and more destructive. Since these particles are very small, problems can actually arise from the inhalation of these Minute particles, much like the problems a person gets from inhaling minute asbestos particles. Presently, nanotechnology is very expensive and developing it can cost you a lot of money.

• Lots of nano-science now, some nice nanotechnology; more emphasis on technology development and participation

from engineering communities are needed.

• People do not buy technology; they buy products- Robust product development is critical to realize the

potential.- Early and periodic wins, a must to

keep investor confidence high.

• Recognition of nano-micro-macro hierarchy in product development.

Source: UC Berkeley

• Need some sanity in issuing patents• Given the long term nature of the technology and payoffs in terms of job creation and economic returns,

- Lack of patience from Federal Government will kill the field .- But history indicates, Federal agencies have been responsible

for numerous technology wins in the last 50 years.- So, ignore the hype and stay the course for the long run.

• Venture community behavior will determine the fate- Lack of patience will hurt the startup activities- Indiscriminate investment like in the dotcom days will seal the

field.• Educating future generation scientists and engineers.

The future of nanotechnology is completely uncharted territory. There is the possibility that the future of nanotechnology is very bright, that this will be the one science of the future that no other science can live without. There is also a chance that this is the science that will make the world highly uncomfortable with the potential power to transform the world.

This technology could end world hunger. At the same time, this process could lead to experimental molecular manufacturing with live beings.

The future of nanotechnology could improve the outlook for medical patients with serious illnesses or injuries.

• Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that will impact electronics and computing, materials and manufacturing, energy, transportation.

• The field is interdisciplinary but everything starts with material science. Challenges include:

- Novel synthesis techniques- Characterization of nanoscale properties- Large scale production of materials- Application development

• Opportunities and rewards are great and hence, tremendous worldwide interest.

• Integration of this emerging field into engineering and science curriculum is important to prepare the future generation of scientists and engineers.

• www.google.com• www.wikipedia.com• Nanotechnology White Paper (by

Office of Science Advisor). • Managing the Effects of

NANOTECHNOLOGY (by J. Clarence Davies)