THE TECHNOLOGY

OF 21ST CENTURY:

NANOTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY

Parag P. Tyagi

Anuja B. Pharse

Priya B. Yadav

Vaishali A. Deore

NANOTECHNOLOGY

1. WHAT IS NANO?

NanoOriginates from the Greek word ‘dwarf’

FactorNano is of the factor 10-9

How small is it?

for e.g.:-Oxygen atomsWater molecule

HOW ABOUT THIS.. A red blood cell

Human hair fragment

(the purplish thing)

NANOTECHNOLOGY

a bit more…

A fingernail

Comparison

A man’s beard

2.WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

Definition

Technology for microscopic devices

Refers to various field

3. WHAT’S SO SPECIAL ABOUT NANOTECH & WHY IS IT AN ISSUE?

The AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)

Quantum Effects: Quantum effect describes the electron

properties The effect comes into play when

nanometer size range is reached Quantum effects begin to dominate

behavior of the matter Materials reduced to nanoscale show

different properties

For instance,

Opaque substances (viz. copper)

Inert materials (viz. platinum)

Stable materials (viz. aluminium)

Solids (viz. gold)

Insulators (viz. silicon)

Surface Area

Comparison of bulk form and nano scale form of same mass of material

This make material chemically more reactive

To understand the effect of particle size on surface area. Consider this example,

the coin weighs 26.96 grams and has a diameter of about 4

centimeter And has a total surface area of approx.

27.70 sq. cm.

if, the same amount of coin were divided into tiny particles – say 1nm in diameter

then, the total surface area of those particles would be 11,400 sq. meters

The surface area of those particles is over 4 million times greater than the surface area of the silver coin.

EVOLUTIONARY V/S REVOLUTIONARY NANOTECHNOLOGIESFOR EXAMPLE,

The picture over left is the first point contact transistor built in 1947.

It has a diameter of over 1 centimeter

The first point contact transistor

Description

Intel’s Nehalem chip architecture

of size 32nm which incorporates

about 1.9 billion transistors in a single chip

Intel’s 32nm Nehalem chip architecture

Description

Which is equivalent to,

shrinking of 509 meters tall Tapei-101 (currently the tallest building of the

world )

to the size of a 1.6 millimeter tallgrain of rice

4.HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Historical Background

The First mentionBy James Clerk Maxwell (in 1867)

During the beginning of 20th century

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (in 1910’s) Irving Langmuir & Katharine B. Blodgett

(in 1920’s)Gordon Moore (in 1965’s)

In 1950’s

physicist Richard

Feynman

5.IMPACT ON ECONOMY

AffectedAreas

Impact Economy impact /yr

Transport-ation

Lighter & safer vehicle

$70billion /yr

Energy Reduction in production

$100billion/yr

Manufacturing

Nano structuringMaterial properties

$340billion/yr

6.APPLICATIONS

Nanocomputer

Nanomotors

Nanowires

Consumer Goods

7.1.NANOCOMPUTER

It is smaller then micro & mini computer.

Types of Nanocomputer:

Humanizing Nanocomputer

Quantum Nanocomputer

HUMANIZING NANOCOMPUTER

It is a nanorobot which serves as antibodies

Protect human bodies against pathogenic bacteria & viruses

EXAMPLES

Nanorobot carrying sperms

7.2.NANO MOTORS

It is device which converts energy to movement

Units

7.3.NANOWIRES

Referred as 1-Dimensional materials of ratio(length - width)1000 or more.

It cannot be seen in 3-D.

Uses

7.4.CONSUMER GOODS

Foods Bacteria identification Nanocomposite

Households Self cleaning

Agriculture Solution for various problems

8.IMPLICATIONS

1.Health Issue

2.Environmental Issue

3.A Need For Regulation

8.1.HEALTH ISSUE

• Nano-particles

• Nano-medicine

NANO-PARTICLES

Health hazards.

NANO-MEDICINE

Cancer therapy

CANCER TREATMENT USING MOLECULAR IMAGING

8.2.ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

Nano pollution

Nano filtration.

Magnetic nanoparticles

8.3.A NEED FOR REGULATION

Since there are good as well as bad effects of nanotechnology their should be some regulation