nanopar’clesin, consumer,products,–
TRANSCRIPT
Nanopar'cles in Consumer Products –
What Consumers Need to Know Presented by
Champaign County Health Care Consumers
Consumer Education Forum
Thursday, June 2nd, 2011 at the Champaign Public Library
Welcome &
Overview
Disclaimer
• This is NOT a scientific presentation.
THE BASICS Nanotechnology
Nanoscience
• Nanoscience encompasses the study of phenomena, materials, and systems at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where the properties differ significantly from those at the larger scale.
What Is Nanotechnology? • Nanotechnology is a powerful new technology for taking apart and reconstructing nature at the atomic and molecular level. It is being touted as the basis of the next industrial revolution and will be used to transform and construct a wide range of new materials, devices, technological systems and even living organisms.
Click Here for Short Video on Nanotechnology
Featuring US Physicist Richard Feynman
Nanomaterials • Nanomaterials, exist at a scale of 100 nanometers (nm) or less in at least one dimension.
• Some nanomaterials do occur in nature, such as volcanic ash, sea spray, and in smoke.
• However the nanomaterials mainly being introduced into cosmetics are engineered to be that small for their unique properties.
The Nano Scale • A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. • A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
• There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
• A human hair is approximately 80,000 nanometers wide.
• One nanometer is about as long as your fingernail grows in one second.
Types of Nanomaterials • While many of these terms are used interchangeably, here are key terms: – Nanoparticles are materials where ALL three dimensions of it are within the nanoscale.
– Nanotubes are materials where the diameter of the tube is within the nanoscale, but the tube itself may be much longer.
– Nanoplates are materials where the thickness is within the nanoscale, but the height and length may be much larger.
Fullerenes – Any molecule composed entirely of carbon and has a hollow center.
– They can be many different shapes.
– Spherical fullerenes are also known as buckyballs.
– Nanomaterials, such as vitamins, can be engineered to fit inside, using the fullerene structure as a delivery mechanism.
IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS Nanotechnology
Use of Nanotechnology in Consumer Products
• Nanotechnology is used in many commercial products and processes, for example, to manufacture lightweight, strong materials for applications such as boat hulls, sporting equipment, and automotive parts.
• Nanotechnology-‐based medicines are being developed using nanoparticles to deliver toxic anti-‐cancer drugs targeted directly to tumors, minimizing drug damage to other parts of the body. • There are already over 800 commonly used products on the market that are using nanoparticles for various reasons.
Self Cleaning Window Treatment
Self Cleaning Window Treatment
• Company: Nanosafeguard • What They Say – “NanoSafeguard Self-‐Cleaning Window Treatment is a nanotechnology-‐based application that protects glass and synthetic surfaces from being tarnished and helps prevent the accumulation of dirt and other contaminants.”
Turtle Wax® F21™ Car Polish
Turtle Wax® F21™ Car Polish • Company: Turtle Wax®, Inc. • What They Say – “New nanotechnology formula provides a molecular bond of synthetic polymers to provide unsurpassed protection against UVA/UVB rays and other environmental contaminants.”
Siemens® Hearing Instruments
Siemens® Hearing Instruments
• Company: Siemens® Hearing Instruments • What They Say
– “Siemens Hearing Instruments announces the world’s first application of nanotechnology to the manufacturing of hearing instruments. Using particles as small as 100 nanometers in size, Siemens developed an ultra-‐thin, anti-‐adhesive coating for the company’s newest BTE (Behind-‐the-‐Ear) models. Containing both oleophobic and hydrophobic properties, the instruments’ nanocoated housings repel water, sweat and other adherents -‐ an issue for active children and adults who wear hearing instruments. By preventing moisture damage, nanocoating reduces moisture damage-‐related repairs, and ensures reliability and quality.”
Intel® Pen'um® 4 Processor
Intel® Pen'um® 4 Processor • Company: Intel® • What They Say – “95 nm process.” – “Micro-‐architecture.” – “The Intel® Pentium® processor with Intel® dual-‐core technology delivers great desktop performance, low power enhancements, and multitasking for everyday computing.”
Head® Metallix Tennis Racket
Head® Metallix Tennis Racket • Company: Head®/PowerMetal Technologies, Inc. • What They Say
– “HEAD Metallix Made of a specially designed matrix of carbon fibers and a new crystalline metal alloy. This alloy’s grain-‐size is 1000 times smaller than that of a typical metal. ”
– “Made of a specially designed matrix of carbon fibers and a new crystalline metal alloy. This alloy’s grain-‐size is 1000 times smaller than that of a typical metal. The decreased grain size means increased performance, or, as the Hall-‐Petch Effect states: smaller grains = stronger material. The result is a lighter, stronger and more powerful racquet than ever before.”
FresherLonger™ Plas'c Storage Bags
FresherLonger™ Plas'c Storage Bags
• Company: Sharper Image® • What They Say – “Re-‐sealable zip-‐top food storage bags are infused silver nano-‐particles to reduce the growth of bacteria, mold and fungus.”
Nano Cyclic Towel
Nano Cyclic Towel • Company: NanoCyclic, Inc. • What They Say – “A super-‐absorbing and anti-‐bacterial cloth, Cyclic’s unique fabric absorbs water and repels germs. Bring the lavish pampering of this towel, used in high-‐end spas around the world, to your daily routine. Each box contains six plush, luxurious hand and face towels. Anti-‐Bacterial Fabric ·∙ Amazingly soft ·∙ 7x more absorbent than regular towels ·∙ Fast drying, lint-‐free, and odor-‐resistant ·∙ 3-‐year warranty ·∙ 37cm. x 65cm.”
CleanXchange™ Foil Shaver
CleanXchange™ Foil Shaver • Company: Remington® • What They Say – “Hygienic NANOSILVER coated foils have been scientifically proven to reduce redness and irritation. Silver has long been proven to prohibit the growth of micro-‐organisms.”
Hot Ice Thermal Patch™
Hot Ice Thermal Patch™ • Company: LifeWave, LLC • What They Say – “The new Hot Ice Thermal Patch™ from LifeWave is a unique nanotechnology product.”
– “Our exclusive non-‐transdermal patch system utilizes new technology to gently stimulate acupuncture points – literally improving the flow of energy in the body for improvement of energy -‐ within minutes of use!”
First Response® Home Pregnancy Test
First Response® Home Pregnancy Test
• Company: Carter-‐Wallace® • What They Say
– “The home pregnancy test is an excellent example of how nano-‐properties can be used to provide practical solutions to real-‐world problems.”
– “The story behind some of the color-‐change urine dipstick tests is a great example. The short answer is that a pregnant woman’s urine has a significant excess of HcG, human gonadotropic hormone. This hormone has a certain protein structure that binds to a complementary DNA base pair sequence. That very specific complementary lock for the HcG key is attached to gold nanoparticles which reflect light of a specific color. If HcG is detected, the spot or line reflects red; if not, blue or clear or whatever the design entails.”
An'bacterial Silver Athle'c and Lounging Socks
An'bacterial Silver Athle'c and Lounging Socks
• Company: Sharper Image® • What They Say – “Cushioned, fitted, quarter-‐length sports socks knitted with a cotton material containing millions of invisible silver nanoparticles. Innovative socks are naturally antibacterial and antifungal.”
Double L® Chinos
Double L® Chinos • Company: L.L. Bean® • What They Say – “Classic Fit with plain front is available with the option of our innovative Nano-‐Care® by Nano-‐Tex® treatment, offering permanent stain and wrinkle resistance without changing the feel of the cotton, or our Easy-‐Care Blend of 65% polyester and 35% cotton.”
Sunshine Mist Vitamin D Spray
Sunshine Mist Vitamin D Spray • Company: Mercola Advanced Nutrition • What They Say
– “Well, the fact of the matter is that I discovered an American company using Nano technology to develop a patented NanoMist® that shrinks the size of the D3 molecule into microscopic nanodroplets™. How does this benefit you? Quite simply, the D3 in Sunshine Mist Vitamin D Spray comes in a form your body can start putting to use immediately. In short, you spray this fine-‐mist formula into your mouth, swallow, and the essential nutrients are delivered to your circulatory system, tissues and cells quickly. But wait — there’s even more… The tiny nanodroplets™ in each spray are designed to release the vitamin D3 in a steady, time-‐controlled manner, ensuring a longer-‐term benefit and boosting efficiency even further. Needless to say, when you combine the Sunshine Mist Vitamin D Spray time-‐release mechanism with its rapid absorption, you get one incredible product. A product that, in my opinion, is clearly superior to any vitamin D3 pill, tablet, capsule, gelcap, or liquid on the market today.”
Benny the Bear Plush Toy
Benny the Bear Plush Toy • Company: Pure Plushy • What They Say – “With the additive of Silver Nanoparticles, our product has been clinically proven to fight against harmful bacteria, molds and mites.”
– “This technology is widely seen in the medical industry. Silver Nanotechnology is being used to coat surgical tables and equipment to thwart micro organisms.”
RISKS & REGULATION Nanotechnology
• Nanomaterials are unregulated, even in personal care products.
Scien'sts Call For Further Tes'ng
“We recommend that ingredients in the form of nanoparticles undergo a full safety assessment by the relevant scientific advisory body before they are permitted for use in products.”
– The Royal Society, 2004
The Royal Society is the world’s oldest scientific organization.
• The International Center for Technology Assessment (CTA) and a coalition of consumer, health, and environmental groups filed a formal legal petition with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) calling on the agency to address the human health and environmental risks of untested and unlabeled nanomaterials in consumer products (including sunscreens). The petition is the first legal action on the potential human health and environmental risks of nanotechnology filed in the United States.
The FDA
• In 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that despite the “special properties” of nanomaterials, their use does NOT need to be regulated.
How The FDA Defines Cosme'cs
• The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act defines cosmetics as: "articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body... for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.”
How The FDA Defines A Drug
• The FD&C Act defines drugs, in part, as "articles intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease" and "articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals.”
Some Products Are Both • Some products are considered BOTH a cosmetic product and a drug.
• For example, shampoo is a cosmetic because it is intended to cleanse the hair.
• An anti-‐dandruff treatment is a drug because its intended use is to treat dandruff.
• So, an anti-‐dandruff shampoo is both a cosmetic and a drug.
Other Examples Of Products That Are Both A Cosme'c And A Drug
• Toothpastes that contain fluoride. • Deodorants that are also antiperspirants. • Moisturizers and makeup with sun-‐protection claims.
Studies So Far • The small size, greater surface area and greater chemical reactivity of nanoparticles may result in oxidative stress, inflammation, and consequent damage to proteins, membranes, and DNA.
• Fullerenes have been found to cause brain damage in fish and even low levels of exposure have been found to be toxic in human liver cells.
• Broken skin (from acne, eczema, shaving) is an ineffective barrier and enables particles up to 7,000nm in size to reach living tissue.
Risks Are Far-‐Reaching • Risk to human health for consumers of products.
• Risk associated with occupational exposure of workers handling nanomaterials on a consistent basis.
• Risk to environment from nanopollution as the nanotech industry expands.
• Nanopollution can result both from manufacturing waste streams being discharged, and accidental releases during handling or transport.
• Nanopollution will increase from domestic nano waste discharge as greater quantities of cosmetics, sunscreens and other products containing nanomaterials are washed off in the shower and join water waste streams, or are washed off swimmers into oceans and lakes.
• http://www.foe.org/healthy-‐people/nanosunscreens
"In one of the most dramatic failures of regulation since the introduction of asbestos, corporations around the
world are rapidly introducing thousands of tons of nanomaterials into the environment and onto the
faces and hands of millions of people, despite the growing body of evidence indicating that nanomaterials can be
toxic to humans and the environment.”
– Friends of the Earth
NANOMATERIALS & COSMETICS Nanotechnology
Special AZen'on to Personal Care Products
• Use of personal care products poses clear risks of exposure to untested nanomaterials because they are: – Used daily. – Designed to be used directly on the skin. – Found in personal care products for babies and infants.
• They may be inhaled and/or ingested.
• Many cosmetics have ingredients that act as “penetration enhancers.” • This may increase the likelihood of the skin’s uptake of the nanomaterials in those products.
Commonly Used Nanomaterials In Cosme'cs
• Titanium Dioxide • Zinc oxide • Alumina • Silver
• Silicon dioxide • Calcium fluoride • Copper • Carbon Fullerenes
Nano Cosme'c Product Claims
• Healing • Anti-‐aging • Moisturizing • Antioxidant • Anti-‐inflammatory
• Preserving • Skin lightening • Rejuvenating • Smoothing
By Terry’s Light-‐Expert Compact
• “Light-‐Expert Perfecting Foundation Brush with Hydra-‐Smoothing Filling Spheres. This genius foundation brush sweeps away imperfections, dull skin and shadows to reveal a flawless complexion with every stroke! A formula enriched with Oligo-‐minerals for more perfection, comfort, softness and glow. An ultra-‐corrective and mattifying formula for a flawless complexion with ease.”
Chris'an Dior’s DiorSkin Forever Extreme Wear Flawless Makeup SPF 25 • “Inspired by nano-‐
technologies, Diorskin Forever takes foundation to the extreme with an innovative, no-‐transfer, waterproof formula that lasts – even in extreme conditions. The patented Nano-‐Stretch Network™ creates a micro-‐aerated, invisible mesh for perfect color and finish, while Hydra-‐Gel System™ regulates moisture for optimal comfort. Keeps skin flawless and radiant hour after hour.”
Clarins Truly MaZe Founda'on Light Reflec'ng SPF 15
• “Non-‐oily foundation for a fresh, natural look.
• Gives coverage without thickness, radiance without shine.
• Broadly protects skin from the damage of UV rays.
• Superior anti-‐shine solution with long-‐lasting effect.
• Maintains a matte complexion & impeccable makeup.
• Perfect for combination or oily skin • Clarins Anti-‐Pollution Complex and
a mineral screen in perfect affinity with the skin, protect against harmful environmental aggressions and UV rays.”
Clinique Line Smoothing Concealer
• “Actually ‘bridges’ fine lines and wrinkles, smoothing and minimizing them for an instantly firmer look. Skin-‐brightening ingredients help counteract shadows, reduce redness, give skin more even tone.”
Lancôme Paris Long Las'ng So`ening Concealer SPF 12
• “Long Lasting Softening Concealer blurs fine lines and reduces shadows around the eyes instantly for smooth, even results that truly last. Its soft, fine texture uses a light-‐diffusing technology to soften facial lines and brighten dull, tired-‐looking skin.”
L'Oréal® Paris Visible Li` Li`ing An'-‐Wrinkle Founda'on SPF 15 • “Visible Lift contains light-‐diffusing, micro-‐fine particles that unify the skin tone and help reduce the appearance of fine lines.
• From the first application, fine lines and wrinkles appear visibly reduced. Your skin looks younger and feels instantly smoother to the touch.”
MAX Factor Natural Minerals Founda'on
• “Max Factor’s Natural Minerals foundation provides a light buildable coverage that smoothes over imperfections and leave skin looking and feeling healthy. The formula includes soft minerals and is balanced to remain ultra-‐fine, enhancing your complexion and leaving skin radiant.”
Revlon® Age-‐Defying Spa Concealer
• “Instantly revitalizes and brightens. Protects against fine lines.
• Stone Therapy minerals instantly energize stressed skin.
• Vitamin C fusion brightens. • Antioxidants help strengthen skin’s natural defense systems.”
The Body Shop’s Nature’s Minerals Founda'on SPF 25 • “Best if you want to: Achieve a healthy,
radiant complexion with ultra-‐fine minerals that blend evenly to protect skin and reduce redness and imperfections.
• Best for: suitable for sensitive skin, provides light to medium coverage.
• How it works: – Kaolin clay and Mediterranean clay are
absorbent minerals that provide long-‐lasting coverage.
– Mica adds luster and has light-‐diffusing properties to help disguise fine lines and pores.
– Titanium dioxide and iron oxide protect skin from the sun without clogging pores.
– Dermatologist-‐tested with no added fillers, preservatives or fragrances.”
Yves Saint Laurent An'-‐Cernes Mul'-‐Ac'on Concealer • “This clever camouflage has a beveled tip for easy application. Light diffusing pigments that fade away imperfections make this concealer perfect for delicate skin around the eyes.”
Oligo DX® Cellulite Reducing Gel
• “Oligo DX® achieves the effectiveness of injection therapy with the use of DS Laboratories state of the art nanosome technology that penetrates into the deepest layers of the epidermis.”
Pureology® NanoGlaze®
• “The perfect blow dry companion for all types of colour-‐treated hair, this styling glaze creates lightweight, long-‐lasting support, brilliant shine and incredible slip with a no-‐product feel. The humidity-‐resistant formula dries hair faster and delivers ultra shiny, silky smooth hair. The exclusive AntiFadeComplex® maximizes colour retention.”
Nanorama-‐Gold Toothpaste
• “Nanorama-‐Gold Toothpaste is a cutting edge toothpaste which innovative nanotechnology is applied. It contains pure nano-‐sized gold that is highly effective in disinfecting the bacteria in your mouth. It also contains acid-‐tocopherol, hydrated silica, fluorine-‐phosphoricacid-‐sodium, etc. Nanorama toothpaste is more effective in cleaning and improving the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth. Efficacy: Nanorama-‐Gold Toothpaste is more effective in preventing plaque formation, cavities and gingivitis. Promotes good oral hygiene and can aid in the removal of stomatitis, and elimination and/or masking of halitosis. Delivers active ingredients such as fluoride to prevent tooth and gum disease.”
NANOMATERIALS & SUNSCREEN
Nanotechnology
• Nanoscale titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are widely used in sunscreens. • These ingredients may be in regular or nano form.
Titanium Dioxide • The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified Titanium Dioxide as a possible carcinogen for humans.
• So even if you are not getting a sunburn, that doesn’t mean you are avoiding skin cancer!
Why Do Sunscreen Manufacturers Use Nanomaterials?
• Nanoscale ingredients like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide rub on “cosmetically clear,” instead of being opaquely white.
• Sunscreens can be made to feel less greasy.
Spectra3 SPF 50+ By Coppertone®
• Uses nano zinc oxide. • Many of Coppertone® products use photostabilized avobenzone or zinc oxide, including these lines: – UltraGUARD®. – SPORT®. – Water BABIES®. – KIDS®. – Oil Free.
Rosacea Care Sunscreen “30” By Rosacea Care
• Uses ZinClear™, nano-‐sized zinc oxide.
• What They Say – “Rosacea Care is the first company to
offer to the international world of rosacea the extraordinary benefits of ZinClear, the most advanced form of Zinc Oxide and the primary ingredient in our new Sunscreen "30". Developed by research scientists in Western Australia, ZinClear offers remarkable protection against the ultraviolet rays of the sun, and in conjunction with the other ingredients in Sunscreen "30" provides a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30, the recommended level of protection for people with rosacea or sensitive skin.”
– Source: Rosacea Care.
SunSense™ SPF 30+ Sunscreen By NuCelle® Inc.
• Uses nano zinc oxide. • What They Say
– “SunSense™ SPF 30+ Sunscreen is a cosmetically elegant, oil-‐free sunscreen that incorporates two new patented technologies. Sun Caps® (encapsulated octyl-‐methoxycinnamate) technology allows us to use two-‐thirds less sunscreen chemicals and still obtain an SPF 30+ rating, which means fewer chemicals and less chance of irritation for sensitive skin. The Z-‐Cote HP1® (micro-‐fine zinc oxide), a substance made with nanotechnology, is the very highest quality zinc compound available so no white residue forms on the skin. The nanotechnology in Z-‐Cote produces a high-‐purity nanocrystalline zinc oxide, which allows the sunscreen to go on clear. Besides, the inorganic Z-‐COTE cannot be absorbed by the skin and will not cause allergic reactions.”
– Source: NuCelle® Inc.
Chemical-‐Free Sunscreen SPF 30 By Burt’s Bees®, Inc.
• Uses nano titanium dioxide. • What They Say
– “This 100% natural, non-‐whitening formula provides broad-‐spectrum UVA/UVB protection and helps keep skin hydrated without using chemical sunscreen actives like octinoxate and oxybenzone. Instead, titanium dioxide, a naturally-‐occurring mineral creates a micro-‐fine barrier on your skin to reflect the sun's harmful rays. Our natural sunscreen is effective immediately upon application and safe for kids.”
– Source: Burt’s Bees.
Nano Free Sunscreen Brands* • Alba Botanica • Aubrey Organics • Avalon • Black Opal • Blistex
• Bull Frog • M.D. Forte (Allergan) • Schwarzkopf & Henkel • Tattoo Glue
* Source: Friends of the Earth.
Health & Safety Concerns • Preliminary scientific research has shown that many types of nanoparticles can be toxic to human tissue and cell cultures, resulting in increased oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production, DNA mutation and even cell death.
• Nano zinc oxide is toxic to colon cells even in small amounts.
• Zinc oxide nanoparticles can damage the brains of mice by killing important brain stem cells. Pregnant mice injected with nano titanium dioxide showed changes in gene expression in the brains of their fetuses. These changes have been associated with autistic disorders, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease.
• Penetrate healthy adult skin: – Isotope-‐labeled zinc used in nanosunscreens can potentially reach the blood stream and urine of humans. This study undermines claims that nanosunscreens will stay on the outer layers of dead skin.
• Nanomaterials can travel up the food chain from smaller to larger organisms.
• Damage important microbes in the environment: – Scientists at the University of Toledo found that nano titanium dioxide inhibited the function of bacteria after just an hour of exposure.
• Travel from mothers to unborn fetuses: Nanoparticles up to 240 nm in size can cross into human placentas, meaning that the toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials could extend across generations.
• Source: Friends of the Earth – http://www.foe.org/healthy-‐people/nanosunscreens
Weighing the Pros & Cons • Weigh the risk against the benefit. • Ask whether nanomaterials have been proven to be safe (they haven't). There should be peer-‐reviewed safety studies.
• Ask whether the benefits claimed are real? Have they been proven to be real in scientific peer-‐reviewed studies?
• Ask whether the benefits are necessary and are a real improvement.
• We recommend that consumers follow the precautionary principle: 1. When we have a reasonable suspicion of
harm, and; 2. Scientific uncertainty about cause and effect,
then; 3. We have a duty to take action to prevent
harm.
• In other words, err on the side of safety and caution.
How Do You Know If Your Products Contain Nanomaterials?
• You may not know. There is no requirement to label for nanomaterials.
• But still... check the label. The manufacturer *may* disclose nanomaterials or nanotechnology used in the product.
• Fullerenes • Fullersomes • Nano – (prefix) • Nanoemulsions • Nanoclusters • Nano delivery technology
• Nanochem formulation
• Nano complexes • Nanovitamins • Micronized
– (does not always indicate the presence of nanomaterials)
• Check the manufacturer's website, or contact the manufacturer. • But beware: some manufacturers deny using nanomaterials, but their products have been found to contain nanomaterials. • Check the online databases and reports.
WHAT CONSUMERS CAN DO Nanotechnology
What Consumers Can Do
• Get Informed. • Find Resources. • Take Action!
Thank You! You can reach CCHCC at:
(217) 352-‐6533
cchcc@ healthcareconsumers.org
healthcareconsumers.org