nano biotechnology
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Nanobiotechnology and its applications pptTRANSCRIPT
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Arun Kumar.S
Ajay Kumar.V.A
Shiva Suresh Sonti
Syed Gufran
Indrajeet vike
WHAT’S NANOAnything with size(s) smaller than
100nm (Nanometers) down to molecules and atoms
Control of structure or position at the nano -scale
Dimensions comparable to elementary parts involved (atoms, molecules, domains), or
new properties induced by the small dimensions (quantum effects, surface).
MICRO, NANO
10 centimètres
1X
1 centimètre
10X100X
1 millimètre 100 microns
1000X
10 microns
10,000X
1 micron
100,000X1,000,000X
100 nanomètres
10,000,000X
10 nanomètres
100,000,000X
1 nanomètre
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living things in engineering, technology, medicine, and other useful applications. Modern use of the term includes genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture technologies
WHAT IS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY?
Biotechnology is the application of technological innovation as it pertains to biological and life sciences.
Nanobiotechnology incorporates biotechnology on the nano-scale.
Nanobiotechnology is a rapidly advancing area of scientific and technological opportunity that applies the tools and processes of nano/microfabrication to build devices for studying biosystems. Researchers learn from biology to create new micro-nanoscale devices to better understand life processes at the nanoscale. The Nanobiotechnology Center (NBTC), a National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Center is characterized by its highly interdisciplinary nature and features a close collaboration between life scientists, physical scientists, and engineers. We also share a commitment to education and outreach, taking the discoveries from the laboratory and realizing their potential benefit to society.
INTRODUCTION
Size Ranges of Biological Material
Cells: 100um – 10um
Cell organelles (nucleus, mitochondrion): 10um – 1um
Viruses: 100nm- 50nm
Cell material (proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA): 10nm – 0.1nm
INTRODUCTIONNanobiotechnology is an emerging field cells discovered 1665 electron microscope 1950s Watson and Crick discover DNA double helix 1953 Mapping of Human Genome 2003
Where is nanobiotechnology going? Applications? Cell structure and physiology Virus Detection Radiation/Chemotherapy Drug delivery Neurological functions of the brain Biomedical engineering research Study of molecular behavior Utilization of imaging deviceshttp://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/home
World nanotechnology industry focus in 2004 according to sector. Nanobiotechnology companies represent around 8% of the overall industry.
CURRENT GLOBAL FOCUS AREAS ON NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPREAD IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
CHALLENGES FOR NANOBIOTECHNOLGY
PORTER’S MODEL FOR NEW ENTRANTS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
FUTURE ACTIVITY IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY BY 2015 AND BEYOND
CURRENT TRENDS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
SWOT ANALYSIS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
REVIEWING MAJOR FIELDS IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY Molecular Motors and Devices.
Nano- Assemblies.
Biological Research at Nanoscale.
Nanocomputing.
DNA-Based Nanotechnology.
Nanomedicine.
BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE
Brain-machine interface (BMI) is a fabricated system to interpret voluntary brain activity and convert to a mechanical movement
• Physiology:Electrical signals in brain → spinal cord → skeletal muscle
• BMI needed for individuals with:spinal cord injury, or Parkinson’s disease
BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE
Procedures involved:1) mapping of brain target specific neurons2) electrode implantation 3) signal acquisition 4) wireless transmission5) signal processing 6) mechanical action
NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATORA nano-scale cantilevered beam can be used to detect the presence of viruses and bacteria and find their masses.
• The beam can be coated with antibodies specific to a particular virus and then put into a substance to attract that virus. The oscillation of the beam can then be measured and compared to the oscillation before exposure to the substance.
http://www.hgc.cornell.edu/biomems.html
IMAGING DEVICES Atomic Force
Microscopy (AFM)
• Scanning Tunneling
Microscopy (STM)
IMAGING DEVICES AFM and STM are used for better resolution of nano-particles.
Analysis includes bacteria and protein structure, force measurements within particles, and virus-host interactions.
IMAGING DEVICES
West-Nile Study
•AFM has become the main source of imaging for analysis of virus-host interactions.
•A study involving the West-Nile virus gave a more detailed view of the stages the virus goes through during infection.
•The images produced reveal changes in plasma and viral budding; this is essential for tracking down the virus’ replication methods.
http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/2/1/6
ETHICAL ISSUES : One is to anticipate ethical problems. Second is to foster sensitivity.
CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS:
Development is multi directional. Semiconductor industry. Nano sized sensors and devices.