name :unit 4 – engineeringsheetdate : graphic communication @ boclair academy - graphic...

NAME : Unit 4 – ENGINEERING SheetDATE :

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SECTIONAL VIEWSIn the Graphic Communication exam you may well need to draw a Sectional View.

A Sectional View shows what is going on inside an object. The object is sliced along an imaginary line and part of it is removed revealing the inside of the object.

Hatching lines (not shown here) are drawn at 450 to show exactly where the cutting plane came into contact with the solid parts of the object.



1

Drawing a SECTIONAL View to show information more clearly can be very helpful. Sometimes the ELEVATION, END ELEVATION and PLAN combined still do not tell the whole story of what is going on with an object. Perhaps the most interesting detail is happening inside the object.

In this situation, a SECTIONAL drawing is used. In a SECTION, we imagine what would happen if we sliced the object along an imaginary line and removed part of the object. When we draw what is left, the finished drawing often gives a much clearer picture of what is going on.

There are lots of rules to remember when SECTIONING and we will learn them gradually.

X

X

HERE ARE SOME IMPORTANT RULES . . .• the cutting plane X-X defines where the object is to be split

• surfaces touched by the cutting plane should be hatched with 450 lines• certain types of items are NEVER hatched. (you will find out which)• the arrows point at the bit that is left• DO NOT include hidden detail in a sectional drawing

PLAN

ELEVATION SECTION X-X

X

X

CUTTING PLANE

CUTTING PLANE LINE

HATCHING LINES

Here are a couple of PICTORIAL views of a simple engineering block. The cutting plane is clearly marked X-X.

X

X

PICTORIAL VIEWS

X

X

PLAN

ELEVATIONSECTION X-X

Look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the block. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view X-X.



2

Here are two PICTORIAL views of a simple block which would be used to support the weight of a round bar. The flat square face would be secured to a surface and the round bar would fit in the round hole, thus giving it support.

Here are a couple of PICTORIAL views of a simple engineering block. In the first view the block has been halved and in the second view the block is complete. The cutting plane is clearly marked X-X.

X

X

X

X

PLAN

ELEVATIONSECTION X-X

X

X

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the block. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view X-X.

This block would be used to support the weight of a square bar. The largest flat square face would be secured to a surface and the square bar would fit in the square hole, thus giving it support.

X

X

PLAN

ELEVATION SECTION X-X

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the block. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view X-X.

Here are a couple of PICTORIAL views of a simple engineering block. In the first view the block has been halved and in the second view the block is complete. The cutting plane is clearly marked X-X.



3

This small block has been manufactured to strengthen a larger framework. It was found that the large framework was much too flimsy and required to be made more rigid. Small support pieces like the one shown here were fitted to all of the joints to add rigidity.

One of the blocks is shown here sectioned.

Metal tubing is used for all sorts of purposes in engineering. Most commonly it is used as pipework to carry a wide range of liquids and gases. It can also be used to construct frameworks to support all kinds of furniture etc. and in the making of bicycles.

Sectioned metal tube

Z

Z

PLAN

ELEVATION SECTION Z-Z

A

A

PLAN

ELEVATIONSECTION A-A

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the tube shown below. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view Z-Z.

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the block shown below. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view A-A.



4

This plastic roller is used to allow heavy objects to be moved around. Four of these rollers placed at the corner of a flat board making an ideal transportation device for bulky items.

The rollers become wheels when a rod is placed through a hole in the centre allowing the roller to spin around it.

P

P

PLAN

ELEVATION SECTION P-P

D D

PLAN

ELEVATION SECTION D-D

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the roller shown below. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view P-P.

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the pulley wheel shown below. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view D-D.

This pulley wheel is used as part of a lifting device to handle heavy objects.

The lifting rope runs in the groove in the middle of the wheel and the wheel spins around a rod which runs through the hole in the centre.



5

The general name for a device which is used to hang things on a wall is a BRACKET. Brackets come in all shapes and sizes. The one shown here is fixed to the wall by a screw which runs through the hole in the back of the bracket. Two prongs then stick out from the wall to support whatever is required.

Here are a couple of PICTORIAL views of the wall bracket. The first view shows the complete bracket and the second shows the sectioned bracket.

SECTION Y-Y

ELEVATION END ELEVATIONSECTION X-X

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the bracket shown below. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view X-X and then Y-Y.

Y

Y

X

X

X

X

Y Y



6

The general name for a device which is used to hang things on a wall is a BRACKET. Brackets come in all shapes and sizes. The one shown here is fixed to the wall by a screw which runs through the hole in the back of the bracket. Two prongs then stick out from the wall to support whatever is required.

Here are a couple of PICTORIAL views of the wall bracket. The first view shows the complete bracket and the second shows the sectioned bracket.

SECTION X-X

Take a look at the two ORTHOGRAPHIC views of the bracket shown below. You are asked to complete the SECTIONAL view X-X and then Y-Y.



7

The weather vane shown here is an assembly of three parts ; the pointer, the swivel housing and the pivot pin. The PICTORIAL view shows how they all fit together.

An exploded view of a salt dish is shown. You are also shown an ELEVATION and a PLAN of the salt dish with the lid in place.

Take a look at how the weather vane fits together. Below is an exploded view of the swivel housing and the pivot pin.

Use all of this information to complete the ASSEMBLED SECTION Y-Y.

X

X

ELEVATION

PLAN

SECTION X-XASSEMBLED SECTION Y-Y

Y

Y

4520

8090

dia 60dia 40

dia 16

EXPLODED VIEW OF SWIVEL HOUSING AND PIVOT PIN



8A car heater control switch is shown here in various ways ; Photograph, PICTORIAL views and SECTIONS. The switch is an assembly of two parts. Exactly how they fit together is detailed in the SECTIONS. You are asked to complete the

ELEVATION and then SECTION B-B.

Audi TT Dashboard

B

B

A

A

18

SECTION A-A ELEVATION

BB

A

A

SECTION B-B



9

Most garden lawn mowers are powered by electricity. Larger machines, designed for use in larger areas such as sports fields, parks etc. are more often powered by petrol engines.

A petrol engine works by creating a series of small explosions, ignited by a device called a sparkplug. Here is how a sparkplug is put together . . .

You are asked to complete the ASSEMBLED VIEW of the sparkplug.

SCREW ADAPTOR

CERAMIC INSULATOR

ELECTRODE

CONNECTOR

ASSEMBLED VIEW USEFUL PRESENTATIONSBehind every orange box on this page is a presentation which you should watch. They will help you in a couple of ways.

They could be used to confirm that your understanding of a topic is correct.

They could also be used to guide you in the topics which you found difficult in class the first time round. They are designed as self help. Go through them slowly and if you still don’t get it, go back to your teacher as soon as possible.

Isometric Intro

Oblique Intro

Planometric Intro

Orthographics

One Point Perspective

Two Point -Intro

Square Pyramids

Cylinders & Cones

Signs & Symbols

Sectional Views

Assemblies

Exploded Views

Colour Theory

Click on a square . . .Click on a square . . .Click on a square . . .

Iso Info

Oblique Projection

Plano -Method

Examples Method

Graphs & Charts

Line Types

Iso Circles

CAD CAG Hardware Software Processes 3D Models

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