musique concrete & electronic music
TRANSCRIPT
MUSIQUE CONCRETE& ELECTRONIC
MUSICof the 50s & 60s
Monday, February 22, 2010
Precursors to the Modern Synthesizer
The Teleharmonium (1897)Thaddeus Cahill"Get Music on Tap Like Gas or Water"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPlbXl81Rs0
Some aspects developed eventually into the Hammond Organ (ca. 1930)
Monday, February 22, 2010
Precursors - The Theremin
patented 1928 by Leon Theremin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5qf9O6c20o
Two Antennae - pitch and loudnessused in 1950s Sci-Fi Soundtracks
The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRc6f2oVdlw
Spellbound (Hitchcock, 1956)Modern Performance
http://www.ted.com/talks/pamelia_kurstin_plays_the_theremin.html
(start at 6:00)
Monday, February 22, 2010
PrecursorsOptical Sound Track Manipulation
Oskar Fischinger & Ornament Sound
John & James WhitneyFive Film Exercises
john whitney five film exercises - Google Videowhitney music box var. 0 - chromatic - 48 tines
Norman McLarennorman mclaren pen point - Google Videonorman mclaren neighbours - Google Video
Monday, February 22, 2010
Musique Concrete
Pierre Schaeffer b. 1910, Nancy, France) - Symphony Pour Un Homme Seule
İlhan Mimaroğlu (b.1926, Istanbul) - Prelude #11
Hugh Lecaine - Dripsody
Steve Reich -(b.1936, New York) - Come Out To Show Them
Robert Normandeau - (b.1955, Quebec City) Cinema pour Oreilles
Monday, February 22, 2010
Pierre SchaefferPierre Schaeffer b. 1910, Nancy, France)
worked for ORTF in Paris“a concert of locomotives” - musical work based on train soundsaesthetic ancestor was Luigi Russolo and “The Art of Noise”Etude aux chemins de Fer (1948)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pOq8u6-bA(scan chart in Schrader, p.12)
Monday, February 22, 2010
“Pure” Electronic Music
Karlheinz Stockhausen & The Cologne StudioSong of the Youths - (1955)Kontakt (1961)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNt6a5xFOnE&feature=PlayList&p=BED586B72E4456F4&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=95
Louis & Bebe Barron - Forbidden Planet (1956)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8aIl03DTzg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIuc1_Qg4A8
Monday, February 22, 2010
Early Synthesizers
Robert Moog & Wendy Carlos - The Moog Synthesizer
Peter Zinovieff - The EMS Synthi Ahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtktHPCoYgw&feature=related
Monday, February 22, 2010
History of Electronic Music
1960s - Robert Moog - Analog Synthesis
Monday, February 22, 2010
History of Electronic Music
1960s - Analog Synthesis
Walter Carlos - Switched-On Bach
Monday, February 22, 2010
1950s - Digital Synthesis
Max Mathews, Bell Labs (New York) Programming Languages - MUSIC I-V
MUSIC I (1957) - single melodies onlyMUSIC II (1958) - Four Part Harmony
fundamental Principle THE SAMPLING THEOREM- sound can be accurately represented by a series of numbers- sampling rate must be 2x highest frequency
Monday, February 22, 2010
1950s - Digital SynthesisUNIT GENERATORS - re-usable software components that represent audio processes
OSCILLATOR - produce a toneFILTER - eliminate a tone or range of tones
Signal Flow
Monday, February 22, 2010
1950s - Digital SynthesisUNIT GENERATORS - re-usable software components that represent audio processes
.comment VibTone instrument:
.comment Sine wave with sine wave vibrato
.comment and LINSEG envelope.
.prefixVT
.scorecardpitch (4.00 12.00 octpitch 8.00)amp (0 32000 amplitude 20000)ta (0 1 sec .01)tdy (0 1 sec .1)vibr (.01 20 Hz 7)viba (.001 .06 octpitch .01)lfrac (0 1)
.instrumentfloat freq, ampi, vibri, vibai, phase, vibphase, lfraci;LINENS lstate;
.startphase = vibphase = 0.;
.notefreq = sipitch(pitch);ampi = amp;vibri = sicps(vibr);vibai = freq*(frfacpitch(viba) - 1.);linset(ta,DUR,tdy,&lstate);lfraci = lfrac;
Monday, February 22, 2010
1950s - Digital Synthesis
Guttman, Silver Scale, Pitch Variations (1957)
Pierce, Stochata (1959) - square waves
Mathews, Masquerade (1963)
Mathews, Speech Synthesis - Bicycle Built for Two
J-C Risset, Audio Illusion - Endless Pitch Descent
Monday, February 22, 2010
History of Electronic Music
1980s - return to Digital Synthesis
FM Synthesis - Yamaha DX7 John Chowning, Stanford Universitypatented 1975licensed to Yamaha, 1983
Sampling Synthesis - EMU Emulator
Monday, February 22, 2010
History of Electronic Music
1990s - Physical Modeling Synthesis
Monday, February 22, 2010
What IS Physical Modelling?
• computer sound synthesis based on physical theory of the vibrating object - string, reed & air column, membrane
computer model of vibrating drum head
modes of vibration for a cylindrical air column
Monday, February 22, 2010
What IS Physical Modelling?
• analogous to computer graphics modelling of physical structures to simulate realistic dynamical behaviour
smoke synthesized with physical modelling (particle
system)
animated dinosaur moves realistically by careful simulation of
physical structure
Monday, February 22, 2010
What IS Physical Modelling?• colliding galaxies synthesized by John Dubinski, U. of T.
Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics
colliding galaxies
Monday, February 22, 2010
JOS Proposed Clarinet Model (1986)
from “Efficient Simulation of the Reed-Bore and Bow-String Mechanisms”, Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, The Hague, 1986
Monday, February 22, 2010