MUSCULAR, NERVOUS AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

Controlling and Fueling your Body

Question:

Why can you only hold your breath for about a minute? What happens after that?

Respiratory System

mouth/nose, pharynx, trachea, lung, alveoli

Oxygen travels into lungs, and into alveoli where it is able to cross the alvioli’s membranes into your blood stream

At a cellular level, oxygen mitochondria to allow cellular respiration to occur

Respiratory System

Diffusion!!! oxygen must diffuse into your blood stream

(go from high to low concentration), and carbon dioxide must diffuse OUT of your blood stream and into your lungs to be removed

Many things slow or prevent this diffusion from happening smoking, bronchitis, asthma

Feedback in the Respiratory System Feedback- a way the body

communicates with itself, telling you what you need *Any time your body is reacting to a

stimulus, either from within or from its outside environment, it is a form of FEEDBACK.

Nerve senses your need to get or remove carbon dioxide, tells brain to send a message to your diaphragm to increase breathing rates

Muscular System

Controls the movements of your body skeletal muscle

moves bones in body cardiac muscle

controls beating of the heart smooth muscle

controls involuntary movements ex- lining circulatory system or digestive system

Nervous System

Have components of human cells:• cell membrane

• with protein channels• nucleus

• Also have other parts• axon• nodes• dendrites• terminals

Nervous System

Central nervous system-• Brain

• interprets internal/external stimuli and tells the body how to respond

• Spinal cord • carries messages from the brain to the body to instruct

responses to stimuli

Peripheral nervous system-• sends messages to brain about stimuli in the

environment• sends messages from spinal cord to muscles to

instruct movement

Central Nervous System

Nervous System In Action

• Nerves receive stimuli and send signal to brain.• Signal travels from site up spinal cord to

brain

• Brain sends message in response to stimulus, telling body how to react

Paralysis

A break in the spinal cord

Means that signals cannot be transmitted up/down the nervous system, so brain cannot communicate with body.

Severity depends on where the break happens.

Ex. Christopher Reeves

Ex. Buffalo Bill’s lifesaving EMTs.

• Each neurotransmitter has a specific shape.

• Different nerves have different shaped receptors making them specific to receive messages from specific neurotransmitters.

• This means certain nerves only receive certain signals.

• Help in control of muscular movement.

•Parkinson’s Disease• Disease where dopamine receptors break down, so muscular movement cannot be controlled by body. tremors.

• Caffeine• Caffeine releases a chemical that helps dopamine bind with cells by reducing the competition for binding sites• Thus, dopamine is preventing you from sleeping due to the caffeine in your body

• Control of• appetite• mood• sleep• aggression

Antidepressants (SSRIs)- prevent body from absorbing serotonin happy!

• Ecstasy• Taking “X” causes floods of neurotransmitters that give the drug its powerful effect• This overflow damages serotonin-producing nerves!

• Damages both serotonin and dopamine receptors• when drinking, feel “right” due to flood of neurotransmitters

• when not drinking, all things affected by either transmitter seem “off”, so must drink more.

• more drinking = more damage more need to drink more damage

• Produced by adrenal gland• also called adrenaline• causes sudden muscle tension• fight or flight response

• in an emergency, prepares the body to fight or run

Question-

Explain addiction in terms of the receptor proteins on your nerves.

Your Job…

In a small group- research your

system list the

organs/tissues that are a part of your system

make an 8.5x11 informational poster to teach about your system and its functions