mso-io 2011 045c conversie schema radboud tbv website def(1)

8/20/2019 Mso-io 2011 045c Conversie Schema Radboud Tbv Website Def(1)

1/61


2/61

Conversion Scheme Grades for outgoing exchange, October 2011, version 1.5

2


3/61


4/61


4

Singapore ................................................................................................... 44

Slovenia ...................................................................................................... 45

South Africa ................................................................................................ 46

South Korea ................................................................................................ 47

Spain .......................................................................................................... 48

Sweden ....................................................................................................... 50

Switzerland ................................................................................................. 52

Taiwan ........................................................................................................ 53

Thailand ..................................................................................................... 55

Turkey ........................................................................................................ 56

United Kingdom .......................................................................................... 58

USA ............................................................................................................. 60


5/61


5

0. Introduction

Conversion of in ternational grades

How should grades obtained at universities abroad be converted to Dutch grades? Whatis the Dutch equivalent of an ‘A’ obtained at Harvard, or of a ‘27’ at the University ofSiena? What does it mean to have an Indonesian ‘B+’ or a Lithuanian ‘labai gerai’?

To aid such conversion, the Executive Board has created a document called Conversionof Grades at Radboud University Nijmegen. This document gives an overview of most ofthe countries and international universities that Radboud University collaborates with,and provides an overview of the grading systems used there. It serves as a usefulguideline for converting grades obtained abroad, also called the ‘out–in’ conversion. Thisguideline can be used by examining boards, for instance, who want to evaluate aninternational grade to determine whether a student is eligible for the title ‘cum laude’.Students can also use it to evaluate their international grades on the basis of the Dutchgrading system. Please be aware that this document is a guideline; the examining boards

of Radboud University therefore remain responsible for all decisions concerning grades.

Not on the diploma supplement

The conversion document does not solve all conversion issues. Grading systems differgreatly from country to country, and may even differ between universities within acountry. It is important that every grade can be traced back to the university where it wasobtained. This information must never be lost. For this reason, the Executive Board hasdecided that grades obtained abroad will not be ‘translated’ on the diploma supplement.Instead, the diploma supplement will state the original grades – as well as the name ofthe university or universities where they were obtained.

Conversion of grades obtained in Nijmegen The other question is: how should Radboud University grades be converted abroad? Atool is available for international universities and employers for this ‘in–out’ conversion.This tool is a frequency table that indicates how often the various grades are given atRadboud University. Every diploma supplement will include this frequency table. Clickhere for the Radboud University Nijmegen frequency table for the 2011/12 academicyear.


6/61


6

1. Conversion Scheme

Explanation of the information and the tables

For each country we have tried to indicate:• The structure of the higher education system, i.e. the degrees of the different

university levels (first stage, second stage, third stage), including the length ofthe programmes.

• A description of the grading system, including the highest and lowest possibleresults and the minimum result to pass an exam.

• A conversion scheme, indicating how the foreign grade should be convertedinto a Dutch grade.

• A list of partner universities has been added.• For each country we have used the same lay-out, in order to simplify the

comparison.

Explanation of the conversion procedure

• In the conversion procedure we started with the highest possible foreign gradeand the pass/fail level. These have been converted in the corresponding Dutchgrades, 10/9 and 6 respectively. In-between grades have been scaled out to alinear scale.

• Adaptations to this procedure have been made wherever deemed necessary.This occurred mainly when the resulting Dutch grades were judged too high.

• The workgroup has decided that when a specification, Letter symbol, Pointvalue and/or Percentage, is missing, the lowest Dutch grade -within the rangeof the awarded grade - will be awarded. For example Brazil (p.13): if an A(superior superior) has been awarded without further specification, like A+, A,A-, the workgroup decided to convert to 9.0 and not to 9.5 or 10.

• In certain cases, we have added personal experiences with specificuniversities.

Disclaimer

• This document serves as a guideline for converting grades obtained abroad bystudents of Radboud University Nijmegen. As a guideline, it is not binding. Theexamining boards of Radboud University Nijmegen remain responsible for alldecisions concerning grades, e.g. pass or fail and the title ‘cum laude’.

• This document will be adapted periodically based on requests by examining

boards in order to be as accurate as possible.


7/61


7

2. Conversion tables


8/61


8

ArgentinaStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Licenciatura, Professional Title; 4 to 6 years.•

University level second stage: Especialización, Maestría:1 to 2 years• University level third stage: Doctorado

Description of grading system

• 10 Sobresaliente; 9 Muy Bueno; 7-8 Distinguido; 5-6 Bueno; 4-4.9 Aprobado; 2-3Insuficiente; 0-1 Reprobado

• Highest on scale: 10• Pass/fail level: 4• Lowest on scale: 0

Argentina conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Point value Dutch Grade

Sobresaliente A 10 10

Muy bueno A- 9 9.0

Distinguido B+ 8 8.0

Distinguido B 7 7.5

Bueno B- 6 7.0

Bueno C+ 5 6.5

Aprobado C 4 6.0

Insuficiente D 2-3 Onvoldoende

Reprobado F 0-1 Onvoldoende

Partner universities

• Universidad de Buenos Aires• Universidad del Salvador


9/61


9

AustraliaStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Undergraduate Studies

Leads to the Bachelor's Degree. Undergraduate studies last between three years(Arts, Science, Commerce), four years (Education, Engineering), five years(Veterinary Science, Dentistry, Architecture) and five or six years (Medicine andSurgery) full-time.

• University level second stage: Postgraduate StudiesMaster degrees typically require two years following a three-year Bachelordegree and one or two years following an Honours or four-year Bachelor degreeand are normally by coursework and project/research work or by research andthesis.

• University level third stage: DoctorateThe holder of a four-year Bachelor degree with Honours at a sufficiently highlevel, or a Master degree may proceed to a Doctoral programme. The most

common Doctoral programme in Australia is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).


• For undergraduate degree subjects and postgraduate coursework degreesubjects there are generally five grades: High Distinction (HD), Distinction (D),Credit (C), Pass (P) and Fail (F). Grading scales vary between institutions.

• Highest on scale: High Distinction (HD) 80-100%• Pass/fail level: Pass (P) 50-60%• Lowest on scale: Fail (F) Below 50%

Austral ia conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

High Distinction HD 98-100 10

High Distinction HD 93-97 9.5



Distinction D 78-82 8.0

Distinction D 73-77 7.5

Credit C 68-72 7.0

Credit C 63-67 6.5Pass P 50-62 6.0

Partner universities:

• University of Sydney• University of Brisbane.• University of Queensland.• University of Perth• University of Melbourne


10/61


10

AustriaStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Bachelor:•

University level second stage: Master: 1-2 years• University level third stage: Doktoratstudien: 4-8 semesters


• Grades 1-5:

1. sehr gut/excellent2. gut/good3. befriedigend/satisfactory

4. genügend/sufficient5. nicht genügend/failure


Austria conversion scheme

Grade Point value Dutch Grade

Sehr gut 1 10

1.5 9.0

Gut 2 8.0

2.5 7.5Befriedigend 3 7.0

3.5 6.5

Genügend 4 6.0

Nicht Genügend 5 Onvoldoende


• Karl-Franzens Universität Graz• Medizinische Universität Innsbruck• Johannes-Kepler-Universität Linz• Katholisch-Theologische Privatuniversität Linz• Universität Wien• Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien• Medizinische Universität Wien


11/61


11

BelgiumStructure of higher education

• University first level stage (bachelor) = 3 years•

University second level (master) = 1 or 2 years


• Percentage

Met voldoening: satisfactory (60%)Met onderscheiding: distinction (70%)

Met grote onderscheiding: high distinction (80%)Met grootste onderscheiding: highest distinction (90%)

Highest on scale: met grootste onderscheidingPass/fail level: met voldoening

• Point valueHighest on scale: 20

Pass/fail level: 12

Lowest on scale: 11

Belgium conversion scheme

Grade Pointvalue

Percentage KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven

Dutch Grade Information

Excellent 20 90-100% 20 10 Uitmuntend

19 9.5

18 19 9

Outstanding 17 80-89% 18 8.5 Zeer goed

16 17 8

Good 15 16/15 7.5

14 70-79% 14 7 Goed

Satisfactory 13 60-69% 13/12 6.5 Voldoende

12 11/10 6

Fail 11 0-9 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende

Remarks:• Katholieke Universiteit Leuven uses its own grading system, as indicated in the scheme• University of Antwerp considers 11 to be a pass so in that case 11 ≈ 6.


12/61


12


• Universiteit Antwerpen• Hogeschool Antwerpen• Lessius Hogeschool• Vrije Universiteit Brussel•

Facultés Universitaires St-Louis• Université Libre de Bruxelles• Haute Ecole de Bruxelles - Institut Supérieur de Traducteurs et Interprètes• Institut Catholique des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (ICHEC)• Universiteit Hasselt• Universiteit Gent• Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen• Katholieke Universiteit Leuven• Université de Liège• Université Catholique de Louvain• Université de Mons•

Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur


13/61


13

BrazilStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Bacharelado Licenciatura: 4-6 years (HBO-opleiding)•

University level second stage: Mestrado: minimum 1 year• University level third stage: Doutorado: 3-4 year


• Different grading systems are used. Generally, a 0-10 grading system is used forcourse and research work. Some degrees require a final exam, such as inMedicine, Engineering and Law.

• Point scale 0-10

9-10: superior superior

7-8: media superior

5-6: media media3-4: media inferior

1-2: inferior inferior0: sin rendimento


Brazil conversion scheme


Superior superior A+ 10 10Superior superior A 9.5-10 9.5

Superior superior A- 9.5 (9.6) 9.0

Superior superior B+ 9.0 (8.8) 8.5

Media superior B 8.5 8.0

Media superior B- 8.0 8.0

Media superior C+ 7.5 7.5

Media superior C 7.0 7.0

Media media C- 6.5 6.5Media media D+ 6.0 6.0

Media media D 5.5 6.0

Media media D- 5.0 6.0

Fail < 5.0 Onvoldoende

Partner universities:

• Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro• Universidade de Sao Paulo• Universidade Estadual Paulista• Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Sao Paulo - PUC/SP


14/61


14

CanadaStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree: 3-4 years•

University level second stage: Master's Degree: 1-2 years• University level third stage: Doctorate: minimum 3 years


• The "most common scales" are: A (80-100%, or 75-100%), B (70-80%), C (60-70%) to F (below 50%)

• Highest on scale: A• Pass/fail level: D (50-59%)• Lowest on scale: F (Below 50%)

Canada conversion scheme *)

Letter symbol Dutch Grade Information

A++ 10 No equivalent

A++ 9.5 No equivalent

A+ 9

A+ 8.5

A / A- 8.0

A /A- 7.5

A- /B+ 7.0

B+ / B 6.5

B / B- /C 6.0

D 6.0

F Onvoldoende

*) Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)


• University of Ottawa• University of Guelph•

University of Vancouver• University of Toronto• University of Montreal

http://www.nuffic.nl/http://www.nuffic.nl/http://www.nuffic.nl/http://www.nuffic.nl/


15/61


15

ChiliStructure of higher educationUniversity level second stage: Licenciatura, Professional title: 4 – 7 years (bachelor)

University level third stage: Magister: 2 yearsUniversity level fourth stage: Doctorado: 3-5 years


• Point value: 1-7

6-7: very good5-5.9: good

4-4.9: average1-3.9: fail

• Highest on scale: 7•

Pass/fail level: 4• Lowest on scale: 1

Chili conversion scheme


Very good 7 10

Very good 6.7-6.9 9.5

Very good 6.3-6.6 9.0

Very good 6.0-6.2 8.5

Good 5.6-5.9 8.0Good 5.3-5.5 7.5

Good 4.9-5.2 7.0

Average 4.6-4.8 6.5

Average 4.2-4.5 6.0

Average 4.0-4.1 6.0

Fail 1.0-3.9 Onvoldoende


• Universidad de Concepción• Universidad Catolica Silva Henriquez• Universidad Academia Humanismo Cristiano


16/61


16

China (incl Hongkong)Structure of higher education

• University level first stage: Undergraduate education: 4 years•

University level second stage: Postgraduate education: 2-3 years• University level third stage: Doctoral post graduate education: 3-4 years


• Percentage scale• Pass/fail level: 60

Other main grading system: pass or fail basis. A,B,C,D: pass; F: fail

China conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol

(Bejing/ Shanghai)

Percentage

(Bejing/Shanghai)

Dutch Grade

ExcellentA

98-100 10

Excellent 93-97 9.5

Excellent 90-92 9

GoodB

88-89 8.5

Good 83-87 8

Good 80-82 8

FairC

78-79 7.5

Fair 73-77 7Fair 70-72 6.5

PassD

68-69 6.0

Pass 63-66 6

Pass 60-62 6


17/61


17

Hongkong conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Dutch Grade

Excellent A+ 10

Excellent A 9.5

Excellent A- 9Good B+ 8.5

Good B 8

Good B- 8

Fair C+ 7.5

Fair C 7

Fair C- 6.5

Pass D+ 6.0

Pass D 6Pass D- 6


• Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences• Peking University• Tsinghua University• Chinese Academy of Sciences• Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Aquatic Ecosystems• Shanghai Normal University • Renmin University of China


18/61


18

Czech RepublicStructure of higher education

• University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years•

University second level (master): 1 to 3 years• If there is no bachelor or master system: 4 to 6 years


• Point scale 1-4

1-výborně (excellent)2-velmi dobře (very good) 3-dobře (good)

4-nevyhověl (unsatisfactory/fail)

• Highest on scale: 1

• Pass/fail level: 3• Lowest on scale: 4

Czech Republic conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Point value Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A 1 >90% 10

Outstanding B 1.5 9

Good C 2 75%-90% 8

Satisfactory D 2.5 7

Acceptable E 3 60%-75% 6


19/61


19

DenmarkStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Bachelorgrad (B.A or B.Sc): 3 years•

University level second stage: Kandidatgrad/Candidatus (cand.+ field of study, inEnglish: usually MA or MSc + field), Magistergrad (Mag.Art.): 2 years• University level third stage: PhD grad: 3 years



12: outstanding10: excellent

7: good

4: fair

02: adequate00: inadequate


Denmark conversion scheme


Outstanding 12 10

Excellent 10 9

Good 7 8

Fair 4 7

Adequate 02 6

Inadequate 00 Onvoldoende

Remark:The system in Denmark has been revised in 2007/2008. Therefore it has to be takeninto account that there exist lists of grades of previous years.

Partner universities • Aalborg Universitet

• Aarhus Universitet• Handelshøjskolen i Århus• Ingeniorhojskloen i Arhus (IHA)• Københavns Universitet• Handelshøjskolen I København• Syddansk Universitet• Roskilde Universitetscenter


20/61


20

EstoniaStructure of higher education

• The nominal length of the first stage (Bakalaureus level study) is generally three

years (120 AP) , in certain disciplines it is four years (160 AP).• The nominal length of the second stage is one to two years (40-80 APs) butalong with the first stage at least five years (200 AP).

• Universiteit ≈ 4-5 years


• A six- point scale is used:5 or A (excellent)4 or B (very good)3 or C (good)2 or D (satisfactory)

1 or E (insufficient)0 or F (insufficient).• Highest on scale: 5 or A• Pass/fail level: 1 or E• Lowest on scale: 0 or F

Estonia conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Point value Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A 5 91-100% 10

Very Good B 4 81-90% 9

Good C 3 71-80% 8Fair D 2 61-70% 7

Passed E 1 51-60% 6

Fail FX and F 0 0-50% Onvoldoende


• Sisekaitseakadeemia• Tartu Ülikool


21/61


21

FinlandStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Universities: kandidaatti/kandidat (first cycle)

First-cycle university degrees consist of at least 180 credits (3 years of full-timestudy).• University level second stage: Universities: maisteri/magister (second cycle)

The second-cycle university degree consists of at least 120 credits (two years offull-time study).

• University level third stage: Universities: lisensiaati/licenciat; tohtori/doktor (thirdcycle): 4 years


• At some institutions a six-point scale is used; or a percentage scale: 40-1005 or A (excellent)4 or B (very good)3 or C (good)2 or D (satisfactory)1 or E (sufficient)0 or F (insufficient).

• Highest on scale: 5 or A or 100• Pass/fail level: 1 or E or 40• Lowest on scale: 0 or F or below 40

Finland conversion scheme

Grade Lettersymbol

Pointvalue

(Turku)

Pointvalue

(other)

Pointvalue

(other)

Percentage(Helsinki)

Dutch Grade

Excellent A/K/HP 5 3 ET 94-100 10

86-93 9.5

Very good B 4 2.5 (2+) HT+ 78-85 9.0

70-77 8.5

Good C/H 3 2 HT 64-69 8.0

61-63 7.5

Satisfactory D/T 2 1.5 (1+) TT 54-60 7.0

47-53 6.5Sufficient E 1 1 40-46 6.0

Insufficient F 0 < 40 Onvoldoende


• Helsinki University of Technology• University of Helsinki• University of Joensuu• Jyväskylän Yliopisto• Oulun Yliopisto•

Lapin Yliopisto• University of Tampere


22/61


22

• Tampere University of Technology• University of Turku


23/61


23

FranceStructure of higher education

• University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years (undergraduate)•

University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate)


• Point scale 0-20:

16-20 Très Bien14-16 Bien

12-14 Assez-Bien10-12 Passable

• Highest on scale: 20• Pass/fail level: 10

• Lowest on scale: 0

France conversion scheme

Grade Lettersymbol

Point value Dutch Grade Informatie

Tres bien A 20 10 Uitstekend

A 19-19.99 9.5

A 18-18.99 9 Zeer goed

A 17-17.99 9

A 16-16.99 8.5Bien B 15-15.99 8 Goed

B 14-14.99 7.5

Assez bien C 13-13.99 7 Ruimvoldoende

C 12-12.99 7

Passable D 11-11.99 6.5 Voldoende

E 10-10.99 6

Ajourné F 9 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende

8 Onvoldoende Onvoldoende


24/61


24


• Université d'Angers• Université Catholique de l'Ouest• Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse• Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III•

Université de Bourgogne• Groupe Ecole Supérieure de Commerce Dijon Bourgogne• Université Stendhal - Grenoble III• Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Grenoble• Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III• Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I• Université Jean Moulin (Lyon III)• Emlyon Business School• Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I• Institut d'Etudes Politiques, Aix-en-Provence• Université de Montpellier I•

Université des Sciences et Techn. du Languedoc, Montpellier II• Université Paul Valery• Université de Nancy I• Université de Nice• Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3• Université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)• Université René Descartes (Paris V)• Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)• Université de Paris VII Denis Diderot• Université de Paris-Nanterre (Paris X)• Univserité de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre-La Défense•

Université de Paris Val de Marne, Créteil (Paris XII)• Université de Paris-Nord (Paris XIII)• Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris• Institut Catholique de Paris• Institut Supérieur des Biotechnologies de Paris• Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)• Université de Perpignan• Université de Poitiers• Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne• Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Rennes• Université de Rouen Haute-Normandie• Université de Strasbourg• Université Toulouse I Capitole• Université de Toulouse II - Le Mirail• Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III• Université François Rabelais (Tours)


25/61


26/61


26

Germany conversion scheme

Grade Point valuein %

Point value Dutch Grade

Sehr gut 100 1 10

98-99 1.1 1096-97 1.2 9.5

94-95 1.3 9.5

92-93 1.4 9.5

Gut 90-91 1.5 9

88-89 1.6 9

86-87 1.7 9

84-85 1.8 9

82-83 1.9 8.5

80-81 2.0 8.5

79 2.1 8.5

78 2.2 8.5

77 2.3 8

76 2.4 8

Befriedigend 75 2.5 8

74 2.6 8

73 2.7 7.5

72 2.8 7.571 2.9 7.5

70 3.0 7.5

Satisfactory(‘averageperformance’)

68-69 3.1 7

66-67 3.2 7

64-65 3.3 7

62-63 3.4 6.5

Genugend/ Sufficient 60-61 3.5 6.5

58-59 3.6 6.556-57 3.7 6.5

54-55 3.8 6

52-53 3.9 6

50-51 4.0 6

Nicht genugend 0-49 4.1-6.0 Onvoldoende


27/61


27


• Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen• Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg• Universität Bayreuth• Freie Universität Berlin•

Technische Universität Berlin• Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin• Universität Bielefeld• Ruhr Universität Bochum• Hochschule Bremen• Technische Universität Chemnitz-Zwickau• Technische Universität Darmstadt• Technische Universität Dortmund• Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf• Heinrich-Heine-Universität• Katholische Universität Eichstätt•

Friederich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen• Universität Duisburg-Essen• Universität Flensburg• Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau• Universität Hamburg• Leibniz Universität Hannover• Medizinische Hochschule Hannover• Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg• European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)• SRH Hochschule Heidelberg• Universität Hildesheim•

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena• Christians-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel• Universität zu Köln• Universität Konstanz• Universität Leipzig• Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz• Universität Mannheim• Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München• Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster• Universität Osnabrück• Universität Paderborn• Universität Potsdam• Universität Regensburg• Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken• Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen• Fachhochschule Worms• Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg• Bayerische Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg• Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz• Hamburg Hochschule


28/61


29/61


29

HungaryStructure of higher education

• Hungary has a dual system with colleges and universities, but colleges exists as

faculties within the universities and some universities give collegelevel subjects.All universities use the EC system since 2003 and since 2006 the programmeshave been classified according to the bachelor-master system. The gradingsystem is nationally recognized.

• Universiteit ≈ 4-5 years (undergraduate, maar soms ook master genoemd)


• Point scale 5-15: jeles / kiválóan megfelelt (excellent)4: jó (good)3: közepes / megfelelt (fair)2: elégséges (satisfactory)

1: elégtelen/ nem felelt meg (fail)• Highest on scale: 5• Pass/fail level: 2/1• Lowest on scale: 1

Hungary conversion scheme


Excellent A 5 ofA1A2

109

Good B 4 8.0Satisfactory C 3 7.0

Acceptable/pass D 2 6

Unacceptable/fail E 1 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem• Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem• Pázmány Peter Katolikus Egyetem• Kozep-Europai Egyetem•

Debreceni Egyetem• Pécsi Tudományegyetem


30/61


30

IndonesiaMain credit system used by higher education institutions

A credit system is used. It is essential to see the academic transcript in addition to

the degree certificate.• Akademi (Diploma) 120 credits• Politeknik (Diploma) 120 credits• Sekolah Tinggi 144-160 credits• Institut 144-160 credits• Universities

S1 144-160 credits

S2 180-194 creditsS3 230 credits

Indonesia conversion scheme

Grade Lettersymbol


Pass A 4.0 10

Pass A- 3.7 9

Pass B+ 3.3 8.5

Pass B 3 8

Pass B- 2.7 7

Pass C+ 2.3 6.5

Pass C 2.0 6Fail C- 1.7 Onvoldoende

Fail D 1.0 Onvoldoende

Fail E 0 Onvoldoende

Partner universities • Universitas Padjadjaran• Universitas Katolik Parahyangan• Universitas Indonesia• Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

• Universitas Kristen Indonesia• Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata• Universitas Diponegoro• Universitas Gadjah Mada• Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana


31/61


31

IrelandStructure of higher education

• University first level stage (bachelor): 3 to 4 years (undergraduate)•

University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate)Description of grading system

• Letter symbol and percentage scalesA: excellent/outstandingB: above averageC: averageD: below averageE: fail *)

• Highest on scale: A• Pass/fail level: D/E• Lowest on scale: F

Ireland conversion scheme

Grade Lettersymbol

UCD PercentageUC Dublin

Dutch Grade Information

Excellent A A+ 76.67%-100.00%

10

A A 73.33%-76.66%

9.5

A- 70.00%-73.32%

9

Very Good B B+ 66.67%-69.99%

9

B B 63.33%-66.66%

8.5

B B- 60.00%-63.33%

8.0

Good C C+ 56.67%-59.99%

7.5

C C 53.33%-56.66%

7

Satisfactory D C- 50.00%-53.33%

7

D D+ 46.67%-49.99%

6.5

Sufficient E D/ D- 40.00%-46.67%

6

Fail F E+/ E/E-

30.00%-39.99%

Onvoldoende E- scores: withcompensation possiblyVoldoende

F F+/ F/F- 20.00%-29.99% Onvoldoende


32/61


32

*) Remark

The grading scale in Ireland goes from A until F. The letters are also divided in three parts.This is not the same for each Irish university. In contradiction with the EC grading system anE at an Irish university is a Fail, but with compensation it can become a Sufficient.


• University College Dublin• Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical School• Dublin Institute of Technology• University College Cork• National University of Ireland


33/61


33

ItalyStructure of higher education

• Laurea = bachelor = 3 years (180 EC)•

Laurea Specilistica = master = 2 years (120 EC)• Corsi di Specializzazione di 1º livello = master = 2 to 3 years (120 – 180 EC)• Corsi di Master Universitario di 1º livello = master = 1 year (60 EC)


• For Laurea: 0-110 (66 as min. passing grade) + con lode/cum laude.• For examinations during the degree: 0-30 with 18 as the pass mark.• For specialist diploma, the most common scale is: 0-70, 42 being the qualifying

grade.• AFAM institutions use the same grading scale as universities: 0-110 ( 66 as

minimum passing grade) + code lode/cum laude, to assess performance in thefinal degree examinations; 0-30 with 18 as the passing grade to assess individualsubject exams during the degree course.

Italy conversion scheme


Excellent A 30 e lode 10

30 9.0

Very Good B 29 8.5

28 8.0

Good C 27 8.0

26 7.5

25 7.5

24 7.0

Satisfactory D 23 7.0

22 6.5

21 6.0

Sufficient E 20 6.0

19 6.0

18 6.0

Fail F < 18 Onvoldoende


34/61


34


• Università degli studi di Bergamo• Università di Bologna• Università degli studi di Camerino• Universitá Carlo Cattaneo (LIUC)•

Università degli studi di Ferrara• Università degli studi di Firenze• Università degli studi di Genova• Università degli studi di Macerata• Università degli studi di Milano• Politecnico di Milano• Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano• Università di Milano "II Bicocca"• Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia• Università degli studi di Padova "Il Bo"• Università degli studi di Palermo•

Università degli studi di Parma• Università degli studi di Pavia• Università degli studi di Perugia• Sapienza Università di Roma• LUISS, Libera Università Internazionale di Studi Sociali Roma • Università degli studi Roma Tre• Università degli studi di Sassari• Università degli studi di Siena• Università degli studi di Torino• Università degli studi di Trento• Università degli studi di Trieste•

Università degli studi di Udine• Università degli studi di Venezia• Università degli studi di Verona


35/61


36/61


36

KazhakstanStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Diploma of Specialist, Bachelor

A Diploma of Specialist or Diploma of Specialized Higher Education in aparticular field of study is generally awarded at the end of a five-year course(former system). Bachelor's Degrees are now also conferred after four yearsstudies.

• University level second stage: Aspirantura, MasterFull-time postgraduate studies (Aspirantura) leading to the qualification ofCandidate of Sciences (Kandidat Nauk) normally last for three years. Thesubmission of a thesis is required. Master's Degrees are also conferred after afurther two years study beyond the Bachelor's Degree.

• University level third stage: PhD, Doctorate (Doktoratura)In the new system, a PhD is conferred after two to three years further studybeyond the Master's Degree. The Doctor of Sciences (Doktor Nauk) is awarded

after the Kandidat Nauk after completion of a thesis based on original research.

Description of main grading system

• Point scale 1 – 55: excellent4: good3: satisfactory2: unsatisfactory1: totally unsatisfactory

• Highest on scale: 5• Pass/fail level: 3/2• Lowest on scale: 1

Other main grading systems In 1999-2000, most higher education establishments adopted the percentage ratingsystem. Highest rating: 100%-90%; Pass/fail level: 90%-60% / 60%-40%.

Kazachstan conversion scheme


Excellent 5 9.0

Good 4 8.0Satisfactory 3 6.0

Unsatisfactory 2 Onvoldoende


37/61


37

LithuaniaStructure of higher educationUniversity-level studies are organized in three cycles: first cycle (undergraduate);

second cycle (graduate); and third cycle (post-graduate). The national credit systemis based on an average of 1600 working hours per academic year, one creditcorresponding to 40 hours or one week of work.University first level stage (bachelor): University undergraduate (first cycle) studies(universitetinés pagrindinés (pirmosios pakopos) studijos): 4 to 5.5 years (140 to 180national credits).


• Point scale: 1-1010 (puikiai): excellent9 (labai gerai): very good8 (gerai): good

7 (pakankamai): highly satisfactory6 (patenkinamai): satisfactory5 (silpnai): sufficient4-1: insufficient

• Pass/fail level: 5/4• Lowest on scale: 1

Other main grading sys tems Alongside the 10 point system, institutions may use the pass/fail system.Examinations and work defence evaluations, as a rule, are graded. For the coursesthat do not end with an examination, the pass system is used to test if students haveearned the credits allocated to it. Students succeed when they prove they have

assimilated not less than 50% of the required knowledge.

Lithuania conversion scheme

Grade Point value Dutch Grade Information

puikiai 10 10 excellent

labai gerai 9 9 very good

gerai 8 8.0 good

pakankamai 7 7.5 highlysatisfactory

patenkinamai 6 7 satisfactorysilpnai 5 6 sufficient

4 Onvoldoende insufficient


• Kauno technologijos universitetas• Mykolo Romerio Universitetas


38/61


38

MexicoDescription of grading system


10: excelente (excellent)9: muy bien (very good)8: bien (good)7: suficiente (pass)5: reprobado/no suficiente (fail)


Mexico conversion scheme


10 98-100 1094-98 9.5

9.0 90-93 9.0

87-89 8.5

84-86 8.0

8.0 81-83 7.5

77-80 7.0

74-76 6.5

7.0 70-73 6.0< 7.0 Onvoldoende


• Universidad de Guanajato• Universidad de las Américas


39/61


39

New ZealandDescription of grading system

• In general the higher education institutions use a scale of 9 passing grades: A+,

A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, and 2 failing grades: D, E.• Highest on scale: A+• Pass/fail level: C• Lowest on scale: E

New Zealand conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade

Excellent A+ Set by individual school 10

Excellent A Set by individual school 9.0

Excellent A- Set by individual school 8.5

Good B+ 70-74% 8.0Good B 65-69% 7.5

Good B- 60-64% 7.0

Satisfactory C+ 55-59% 6.5

Satisfactory C 50-54% 6.0

Fail D/F 40-49% Onvoldoende


• University of Otago• University of Auckland


40/61


40

NorwayDescription of grading system

• A common system based on the ECTS system (A-F) has been introduced.•

Highest on scale: A• Pass/fail level: E• Lowest on scale: F

Norway conversion scheme

Grade Letter symbol Dutch Grade

excellent A 10

very good B 9

Good C 8

satisfactory D 7

sufficent E 6

Fail F Onvoldoende


• Universitet i Bergen• Universitetet i Agder• Universitetet i Oslo• University of Trondheim• Instituut NIFES, Bergen


41/61


41

PeruDescription of grading system

• Point value: 0-20


Peru conversion scheme


20 10

19 9,5

18 9

17 8,516 8

15 7,5

14 7

13 6,5

11 6


42/61


42

PolandDescription of grading system

• Point scale: 5 – 2

5. very good4. good3. satisfactory2. unsatisfactory

• Highest on scale: 5 (very good)• Pass/fail level: 3 (satisfactory)• Lowest on scale: 2 (unsatisfactory)

Other main grading sys tems For non-final exams, the marks '+' and '-' are often added to the principal grade. Insome schools, the grade 6 (excellent) exists.

Poland conversion schemeGrade Point

valueDutch Grade

excellent 5,5 10

5 9.0

very good 4,5 8.5

good 4 8

satisfactory 3,5 7

sufficent 3 6

fail 2 Onvoldoende


• Uniwersytet w Bialymstoku• Akademia Polonijna• Uniwersytet Slaski• Uniwersytet Jagiellonski• Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza• Krakowska akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego• Uniwersytet Lódzki•

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi• Uniwersytet Marii Curie - Sklodowskiej• Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II• Uniwersytet Im. Adama Mickiewicza• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczna• Uniwersytet Warszawski• Szkola Glówna Handlowa• Szkola Wyzsza Psychologii Spolecznej• Uniwersytet Wroclawski• Jagiellonski in Krakau


43/61


43

PortugalStructure of higher educationBachelor = Licenciado (4 to 5 years)

Master = Mester (2 years), at least a grade of 14Description of grading system

• The result achieved in a subject, whether through continuous assessment or inan examination is generally expressed in a scale from 0 to 20.

• Highest on scale: 20• Lowest on scale: 0

EC grades (A-F) are given based on percentage of successful students normallyachieving the grade (like the American based grading).

Portugal conversion scheme


Muito bom com distincao e louvor Excellent 20 10

Muito bom com distincao Very Good 19 9.5

18 9

Bom com distincao Good 17 8.5

16 8.0

Bom Satisfactory 15 7.5

14 7.5

Suficiente Sufficient 13 712 7

11 6.5

10 6

Mediocre/reprovado Fail 7-9 Onvoldoende

Mau/Reprovado Fail 0-6 Onvoldoende


• Universidade de Aveiro•

Universidade do Minho• Universidade de Coimbra• Universidade Católica Portuguesa• Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Centro Regional das Beiras - Viseu• Universidade de Lisboa• Universidade Nova de Lisboa• Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias• Universidade do Porto• Universidade Fernando Pessoa


44/61


44

SingaporeStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree (Pass or Pass with Merit or

Honours): 3 to 5 yrs.Bachelor degrees in Law require four years.• University level second stage: Master's Degree: 1 to 3 yrs

The Master's degree is obtained after one to three years of postgraduate study.Candidates for a Master's by research must hold a good Honours degree andsubmit a thesis. The minimum entry qualification for a Master's by course workand dissertation is a Bachelor's degree or its equivalent, although requirementsvary from course to course.

Description of main grading systems • For Polytechnics

Distinction: for the top 5%

A: excellent: 80-100%B: very good: 70-79%C: good: 60-69%D: pass: 50-59%E: subsidiary pass

• For ITEA: excellent: 80-100%B: very good: 70-79%C: good:60-69%D: pass: 50-59%E: subsidiary pass

Singapore conversion scheme

Grade Lettersymbol

Percentage Dutch Grade

Distinction A+ 95-100% 10

Excellent A 90-94% 9.5

A- 80-89% 9.0

Very good B+ 75-79% 8.5

B 70-74% 8.0

Good C+ 65-69% 7.5C 60-64% 7.0

Pass D+ 55-59% 6.5

D 50-54% 6.0

Fail F Onvoldoende


45/61


45

SloveniaDescription of grading system • Point value 10-1

10: excellent9: very good8: very good7 good6: sufficient5-1: insufficient

• Highest on scale: 10• Pass/fail level: 6/5• Lowest on scale: 1

Slovenia conversion scheme


distinction /excellent 10 10

very good 9 9

good 8 8

fair 7 7

pass 6 6

fail 5.0 or lower Onvoldoende


• Univerza na Primorskem Universita del Litorale• Univerza v Ljubljani• ISH (Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis)• Univerza v Mariboru


46/61


46

South AfricaDescription of main grading system

• Percentage system

1st class (75-100%)2nd class division 1 (70-74)

2nd class division 2 (60-69)3rd class (50-59)

fail (below 50)

• Highest on scale: 1st class• Pass/fail level: 3rd class• Lowest on scale: F

Other grading systems

Other universities only distinguish between Distinction (75-100%) and Pass (50-74%).

South Africa conversion scheme

Percentage(Cape Town)

Percentage(Stellenbosch)

Dutch Grade

90-100 95-100 10

80-89 90-94 9.5

75-79 85-89 9.0

70-74 80-84 8.5

67-69 74-79 8.0

63-66 70-73 7.5

60-62 64-69 7.0

57-59 58-63 6.5

50-56 50-57 6.0


• University of the Free State, Bloemfontein• University of Limpopo• Noordwes-universiteit• University of Pretoria• University of South Africa• Universiteit Stellenbosch• University of Kwazulu-Natal• University of Cape Town


47/61


47

South KoreaDescription of grading system

• Letter symbols A-D:

A indicates distinguished levels of mastery of the courseB indicates good masteryC indicates acceptable masteryD indicates minimum acceptable achievement.

• A student's grade point average is determined by the ratio of quality pointsearned in semester hours. A = 4 points; B = 3 points; C = 2 points; and D = 1point

• Highest on scale: A• Pass/fail level: D• Lowest on scale: D

South Korea conversion scheme

Grade

Grade GPA Dutch Grade

A+ A 4.3 10

A 4.0 9,5

A- 3.7 9

B+ B 3.3 8,5

B 3.0 8

B- 2.7 8

C+ C 2.3 7,5C 2.0 7

C- 1.7 7

D+ D 1.3 6,5

D 1.0 6

D- 0.7 6


48/61


48

SpainDescription of grading system

• Point value 10-5

10: matrícula de honor9-9.9: sobresaliente7-8.9: notable5-6.9: aprobadobelow 5: suspenso

• Highest on scale: 10 matrícula de honor• Pass/fail level: 5 aprobado• Lowest on scale: 4-0 suspenso

Other main grading systems For theses: no apto; aprobado; notable; sobresaliente; 'cum laude'

Spain conversion schemeGrade Point

value (a)Pointvalue (b)

Pointvalue (c)

Pointvalue (d)

Lettersymbol (e)

Dutch Grade

Matrícula dehonor 10 10+ 4 10

A10

Sobresaliente(honor) 10 9,5 9,5

Sobresaliente 9,5 9 9

Sobresaliente 9 9-10 3 8,5 B 8,5

Notable 8,5 8 8Notable 8 7-8.9 2 7,5 C 7,5

Notable 7,5 7 7

Notable 7 7 6,5

Aprobado 6,5 6,5 6,5

Aprobado 6 5-6.9 1 6 D&E 6

Aprobado 5,5 6 6

Aprobado 5 6 6

Suspendo 0-4.9 0 F Onvoldoende


49/61


49


(a)• Autónoma Barcelona• Pontifica Comillas

(b)• Carlos III de Madrid• Universidad de Zaragoza

(c)• Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM);

(d)• Universidad Pública de Navarra

(e) Other Partner universities• Universidad de Alicante• Universidad de Almería• Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres• Universitat de Barcelona• Universidad Pompeu Fabra Barcelona• Universitat Abat Oliba• Universidad de Deusto• Universidad de Cádiz• Universidad Jaume I de Castellon• Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha• Universidad de Córdoba• Universidad de Granada• Universidad de Huelva• Universitat de Lleida• Universidad Autónoma de Madrid• Universidad Europea de Madrid• Universidad de Málaga• Universidad de Murcia• Universitat de les Illes Balears• Universidad de Sevilla• Universidad Pablo de Olavide• Universitat de Valencia (Estudio General)

• Universidad Politécnica de Valencia• Universidad de Valladolid


50/61


50

SwedenStructure of higher education

• University first level stage (bachelor): 3 year (undergraduate) - kandidatexamen•

University second level (master): 1 year (postgraduate) - magisterexamen metänmesdjup


• Symbol systemVäl Godkänd (distinction)Godkänd (pass)Underkänd (fail)

• Highest on scale: VG Väl Godkänd (distinction)• Pass/fail level: G Godkänd (pass)• Lowest on scale: U Underkänd (fail)

Sweden conversion scheme; General/Lund

Grade Lettersymbol

Dutch Grade Information Lawsystem

VälGodkänd

VG 10 Only in combination withdistinction

AB

VG+ 9.0

VG 8.0

Godkänd G+ 7.5

G 7.0 pass BA

G- 6.0

Underkänd U Onvoldoende fail B

Sweden conversion scheme; Uppsala/ ECsystem

Grade Lettersymbol

DutchGrade

Excellent A 10

Very good B 9.0

Good C 8.0

Satisfactory D 7.0

Sufficient E 6.0

Fail F


51/61


51


• Göteborgs Universitet• Södertörns Högskola• Blekinge Tekniska Högskola• Lunds Universitet•

Stockholms Universitet• Karolinska Institutet• University of Umeå• Uppsala Universitet• Linnaeus University


52/61


52

SwitzerlandDescription of main grading system

• There are three numerical grading systems used by Universities: a 1-6 scale, a 6-

1 scale (sometimes a 5-1 scale), and the 10-point scale.• Highest on scale: 6/1/10• Pass/fail level: 4/3(3)/6 (pass mark); 2(1)/6(5)/2 (fail mark)• Lowest on scale: 1/6(5)/1

Other main grading sys tems The grading system for PhD and Doctorate is: genügend/passable/rite (pass);ziemlich gut/assez bien/cum laude; gut/bien/magna cum laude; sehr gut/trèsbien/insigni cum laude; ausgezeichnet/excellent; summa cum laude.

Switzerland conversion scheme for the 6-1 scale

Point value Dutch Grade6 10

5,5 - 6 9

5 - 5,5 8

4,5 - 5 7

4 - 4,5 6

< 4 Onvoldoende


• Universität Bern• Université de Fribourg• Université de Genève• Université de Lausanne• Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)• Universität Zürich• Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich


53/61


53

TaiwanStructure of higher education

• University level first stage: Bachelor's Degree

Admission to the first stage is based on the results obtained in the Universitiesand Colleges Joint Entrance Examination.Most Bachelor's Degree courses last for four years. The exceptions are Medicine(seven years), Dentistry (six years), Veterinary Medicine (five years).A total of 128 credits are required for a Bachelor's Degree.At the Open University, Bachelor's courses last seven to eight years.

• University level second stage: Master's DegreeFurther specialization leads to Master's Degrees which normally require twoyears study following upon a Bachelor's Degree.

• University level third stage: Specialization and individual research, DoctorateThe third stage leads to the highest university degree, the Doctorate, whichrequires a minimum of a further two years study.

Description of grading system • A percentage grading system is in use at all levels. 70% is the minimum pass

mark in postgraduate courses and 60% in undergraduate courses.• Highest on scale: A 80-100%• Pass/fail level: B 70-79%; C 60-69%• Lowest on scale: D 50-59%

Taiwan conversion scheme for postgraduate courses

Grade Percentage Dutch Grade

A 100 10A 95-99 9.5

A 90-94 9.0

A 85-89 8.5

A 80-84 8.0

B 75-79 7.0

B 70-74 6.0

C 60-69 Onvoldoende


54/61


54

Taiwan conversion scheme for undergraduate courses

Grade Percentage Dutch Grade

A 100 10

A 95-99 9.5

A 90-94 9.0A 85-89 8.5

A 80-84 8.0

B 75-79 7.5

B 70-74 7.0

C 65-69 6.5

C 60-69 6.0

D 50-59 Onvoldoende


• National Chiao Tung University


55/61


56/61


56

TurkeyStructure of higher education

• Bachelor = Lisans Diplomasi (4 years)•

Master = Yüksek Lisans Diplomasi (1.5 to 2 years)Description of grading systems

• Turkish universities use different grading systems:o 0-10 (in which ≥ 5 = pass)o 0-20 (in which ≥ 10 = pass)o 0-100 ((in which ≥ 50 = pass)

• Some universities use letter symbols (A-F) or doubled letter symbols (AA-FF)

Turkey conversion scheme

Grade Lettersymbol

Bilkent Koc Sabanci Dutch Grade

Excellent A A A A 10

A A- A- A- 9.5

B B+ B+ B+ 9

Very Good B B B B 9

B B- B- B- 8.5

Good C C+ C+ C+ 8

C C C C 7.5

C C- C- C- 7

Satisfactory D D+ D+ D+ 7

D D 6.5

Sufficient E D- D D 6

Fail FX FX 5

Fail F F F F Onvoldoende

Grade Percentage METU Bogazici Dutch Grade

Excellent 90-100 AA AA 10

Very Good 85-89 BA BA 9.5Good 80-84 BB BB 9

75-79 CB CB 8

Fair 70-74 CC CC 7.5

65-69 DC DC 7

Poor 60-64 DD DD 6.5

50-59 FD 6

Fail < 49 FF F Onvoldoende


57/61


57


• Ankara Universitesi• Middle East Technical University (METU)• Bilkent Üniversitesi• University of Akdeniz•

Uludag Üniversitesi• Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University• Bogaziçi Üniversitesi• Istanbul Üniversitesi• Fatih Üniversitesi• Sabanci Üniversitesi• Yeditepe Üniversitesi• Acibadem Üniversitesi• Ege Üniversitesi• Kocaeli University• Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi•

KOC


58/61


58

United KingdomStructure of higher education

• University first level stage (bachelor) = 3 year (undergraduate)•

University second level (master) = 1 year (postgraduate)Main grading system used by higher education institutions • Alphabetical system A to E

A: excellent/outstandingB: above averageC: averageD: below averageE: fail

• Highest on scale: A• Pass/fail level: D/E• Lowest on scale: E

United Kingdom conversion scheme *)

Letter symbol Percentage Dutch Grade Information

A++ 96% - 100% 10 No equivalent

A++ 90% - 95% 9.5 No equivalent

A+ 80% - 89% 9

A+ 70% - 79% 8.5

A / A- 60% - 69% 8.0

B+ / B 54% - 59% 7.5B / B- 50% - 53% 7.0

C+ 45% - 49% 6.5

C / D 40% - 44% 6.0

Pass 35% - 39% 6.0

F 30% - 34% Onvoldoende

*) Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)



59/61


59


• University College of North Wales, Bangor• Queen's University of Belfast• University of Sussex, Brighton• University of West England•

University of Cambridge• University of Kent at Canterbury• Cardiff University• University of Essex• University of Warwick, Coventry• University of Dundee• Durham University• University of Edinburgh• University of Glasgow• University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield• University of Hull•

Keele University• University of Lancaster• Institute of Education (IOE) - University of London• Imperial College London• King's College - University of London• Middlesex University• University of Greenwich• Loughborough University• University of Manchester• Manchester Metropolitan University• University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne•

University of Nottingham• University of Oxford (University Offices)• University of Reading• University of Sheffield• University of Southampton• Swansea University• University of Winchester• University of Wolverhampton• University of York


60/61


60

USADescription of main grading system

• Many institutions use either a letter grading system similar to that described for

secondary school linked to a numerical system based upon points earned. Thelatter system is typically based on a five-, four-, or three-point scale. Someinstitutions do not use grades or provide them only upon request. Gradingsystems are determined by each institution.

• Highest on scale: A, 4.0 (Excellent)• Pass/fail level: C, 2.0 (Marginal)• Lowest on scale: D or F, 1.0 or below (Failure)

Other grading systems Advanced research studies (Masters thesis, Doctoral dissertations), practica andprojects or presentations in the fine or performing arts are often not assigned letter ornumerical grades but rather evaluated on an "honours", "pass", or "fail" basis by the

supervising faculty.

NOTEUS grading systems at both the secondary and higher education levels are generallybased on the principle of starting with an assumption of a perfect grade and thensubtracting points for errors, omissions, poor expression, unsound reasoning, etc.Numerical scores are often converted into letter grades, or vice-versa. Since thereare five common letter grades (A,B,C,D,F) and ten-point score ranges are frequentlyissued to denote letter grade separations, it is common for any score/grade of lessthan 60 (D) to be considered unsatisfactory. This is an important difference fromsystems where scoring begins at zero and points are added to achieve a final grade.

USA conversion scheme *)

Letter symbol Dutch Grade Information

A++ 10 No equivalent

A++ 9.5 No equivalent

A+ 9

A+ 8.5

A / A- 8.0

A /A- 7.5

A- /B+ 7.0B+ / B 6.5

B / B- /C 6.5

D 6.0

F Onvoldoende

* Based on the Nuffic table (www.nuffic.nl)



61/61

61


• University of California• Boston College• Humboldt State University• Loyola University New Orleans• University of Tampa• The University of Iowa• University of Kansas• University of Dayton• University of San Diego• Pennsylvania State University• DePaul University• University of Minnesota - Twin Cities• University of Wyoming• Iowa State University of Science and Technology• University of Southern Maine

• Washington & Jefferson College• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill• University of Central Florida• Washington & Jefferson College• University of Hawaï

mso-io 2011 045c conversie schema radboud tbv website def(1)

Documents