1.Camera Movements Definitions & Meaning

2. PAN - DEFINITION: The horizontal movement of a camera from left to right or vice versa, where the camera base is static DRAMATIC MEANING: New information is revealed. It could be about the parameters of a location, an important clue, or a hidden characterPan 3. Thelma and LouisePan Example: 4. TILT - DEFINITION: A camera movement in which the base remains stationary, but the head of the camera moves up and down DRAMATIC MEANING: Used as a reveal to- sizing up a building or another characterTilt 5. Tilt Example http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3wezW4M3M 6. TRACKING SHOT DEFINITION: A camera movement where the camera follows the action, traditionally this is done with a track/dolly and more recently a steadicam DRAMATIC MEANING: Tracking Involves audience in the actionShot 7. STEADICAM - DEFINITION: Has the freedom of a handheld shot but its stabilisation device smoothens out the bumpiness of the handheld shot DRAMATIC MEANING: Can be used for point-of-view shots, tracking shots Used to draw audience into the Action 8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQv8Oavp ALQGoodfellas Tracking Shot Example 9. CRANE - DEFINITION: The camera is placed on an arm and allows it to be lifted into the air, often for high-angle shots DRAMATIC MEANING: Can be used to reveal secrets and pertinent eventsCrane 10. Boogie Nights opening sequence http://player.vimeo.com/video/56335284Steadicam, Tracking and Crane example 11. HANDHELD - DEFINITION: The camera is literally handheld by the camera operator. Often bumpy/jerky DRAMATIC MEANING: Often used to suggest instability or actionHandheld 12. Handheld Example: Cloverfield 13. ZOOM - DEFINITION: Zooming means altering the focal length of the lens to give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action. DRAMATIC MEANING: When done very quickly it can displace the audience, but it can also be used to concentrate the viewers gaze on something specificZoom 14. Zoom Out Example 15. Editing: Putting shots together & Shot Transitions 16. What are we looking for when analysing editing in a clip? Task 1: Write down as many elements that you can think of that may come under editing (2 mins.) 17. Introduction to Editing The way in which shots are put together to create a particular effect. Editing can be described in terms of pace and the transitions that are employed. There are three main types of editing which you will encounter in mainstream films and TV programmes: 1. Continuity, 2. Discontinuity and 3. Montage Editing. 18. Citizen Kane Count the cuts (changes) in this clip. Note the pace and rhythm. Citizen Kane Did it feel real? Was is condensed or shortened? Was it smooth or jarring? 19. Citizen Kane Use of unusual angles, dramatic lighting, unusual transitions, tracking shots, deep-focus shots. 20. Mildred Pierce http://thelastdrivein.com/category/1940s/mil dred-pierce-1945/ What sort of feel does the scene have? Are there many changes in shots and angles? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =8WQkvyVdf28 21. What about this opening scene from The Player? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0epB5Z6ij pkHow did the scene make you feel? 22. Long Take A long take is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes. Used for dramatic and narrative effect if done properly, this is often accomplished through the use of a dolly or Steadicam. 23. 1. Continuity Editing The majority of film/TV sequences are edited so that time seems to flow, uninterrupted, from shot to shot. It helps to create realism It also allows different shots scales, as well as length of shots, which are known as takes in the industry. These are blended to effect audience emotional response. 24. Continuity Editing Match on action Cut Long take Dissolves and fades Cross cutting Eyeline match Shot-reverse-shot 25. Transition Cut the straight cut is the most basic and common edit. It represents a change of place or position in the same time frame basic cut 26. Transition Crosscutting (parallel editing) Multiple lines of action, occurring in different places. In most but not all cases of this technique, these lines of action are occurring at the same time. Used to add suspense and pace 27. Crosscutting The earliest use of crosscutting was in The Great Train Robbery Great Train Robbery Clip 28. Cross Cutting Example James Bond http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD0h7Wc gJ5w 29. Transition Dissolve Shot transition where one image dissolves into another. What does this suggest? Dissolves clip 30. Dissolve or cross fade the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes. 31. Dissolve or cross fade the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes. 32. Dissolve or cross fade the preceding shot merges into the following shot, resulting in the two shots being superimposed. The longer the dissolve the more noticeable the superimposition becomes. 33. Transition Fade In/Out A Fade Out is the gradual darkening of the shot until the image disappears, leaving a black screen. A Fade In is where a dark screen gradually gets brighter. What might this indicate? 34. Fade the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges. 35. Fade the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges. 36. Fade the preceding shot fades into black from which the following shot emerges. 37. Transition Match cut matching of action or movement from shot to shot... Hitchcock Match Cut Can be used dynamically to shift story across time 2001 - A Space Odysessy 38. Transition Wipe a transition where one image pushes another image across the screen. What might this indicate? Star Wars revenge of the wipe! 39. Transition Eye line match term to describe importance of maintaining eye line continuity across shots Star Wars - Eye line match 40. 2. Discontinuity Editing Editing that draws attention to itself! Jump cut Repetition of shots or events Freeze frame Any violation of continuity rules 41. Transition Jump Cut a discontinuous edit that appears to jump forward/backward often erratically.Erin Brockovich Jump Cut 42. Discontinuity Editing Breathless (1960) Presents a jarring effect Clip Also been used by film makers Scorsese and Tarantino. Making use of freeze frame and jump cut. Six Feet Under Meaning is created through juxtaposition and metaphor 43. Music Videos Music videos can often be discontinuous. Time unfolds unpredictably and without clear reference points. Daniel Powter - Bad Day Lady Gaga -Applause How many jump cuts? 44. 3. Montage Editing Visible editing. Shots connected to create a greater symbolic meaning or condense action. This is often used in title sequences. The most famous example of this technique is the Odessa Steps sequence from Eisensteins Battleship Potemkin. Potemkin 45. Montage Team America Song Hot Fuzz - Montage 46. Decode the clips and explain how they make meaning? Consider pace and rhythm of editing not just type of editing usedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjO_GAN1BCc Dr Who http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeGBbm62M2I The Lord of the Rings Two Towers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP3MFBzMH2o Rocky 47. We have now looked at camera shots, movement and editing. This activity is designed to get you thinking about how all three of these combine to create meaning. 48. Task watch this extract Concentrate on the movement of the camera, the shots and the editing rather than on what is actually happening in the scene. Quantum of Solace 1) What effect does the editing, movement of the camera and the shots have on the scene? 2) Why were they used? 3) How do the editing, camera movements and shots enhance the enjoyment the audience feels when watching the scene? 49. Stretch and Challenge: Editing Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZyOmeXf P04&list=PL12836B21C8C97627 50. Stretch and Challenge: Analyse a Music Video In groups analyse and deconstruct a music video of your choice and ensure that you include what you have learnt over the last two weeks. Think about the style of editing and camera shots used. Present your findings next week on Powerpoint