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Translation Exercise 23Questions 1-20

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Key to Colour CodingIn Greek nouns and nominals, the stem vowel or consonant is shown in red and the case ending in blue. Stems ending in / are first declension, in / second declension, and in consonants third declension.

In Greek verbs, the tense formatives and diagnostics are shown in red, the connecting vowels in green, and the personal endings in blue. The moveable nu is not colour coded.

Question 1, , , ., AAI-1S from , I believe.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 1, , , ., AAI-1S from , I speak.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE: The contract vowel is lengthened before the tense formative . The stem vowel of a contract verb always lengthens when a tense formative is added, and we shall not point it out each time.

Question 1, , , ., PAI-1P from , I believe. + + , PAI-1P from , I speak. + +

Question 1, , , .I believed, therefore I spoke, and we believe, therefore we also speak.

Question 2 , ., AAI-1S from , I baptise.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 2 , ., FAI-3S from , I baptise.TS: AU: noneTF: CV: PE:

Question 2 , .I baptised you in water, but he will baptise you in the Holy Spirit.

Question 3 , .

is a liquid aorist, so the tense formative is just , not ., AAI-2S from , I send.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 3 , .

is a liquid aorist, so the tense formative is just , not ., AAI-1S from , I send.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 3 , .Just as you sent me into the world, I also sent them into the world.

Question 4 ;, AAI-3S from , I hear.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE: ()

Question 4 ;, AAI-3P from , I cast out.TS: AU: TF: noneCV: PE:

Question 4 ; is AAI-3S, he said. + + + () is PAI-2S, you believe. + + ()

Question 4 ;Jesus heard that they had cast him out and, after finding him, he said, Do you believe in the Son of Man?

Question 5 , .

is a liquid aorist, so the tense formative is , not ., AAI-3P from , I take.TS: AU: TF: CV: PE:

Question 5 , . is PAI-3S, she says. The formation is + + . is RAI-1S, I know. is AAI-3P, they put. It is a kappa aorist, using the tense stem . The formation is + + + .

Question 5 , .She said to them, They took my Lord, and I do not know where they laid him. in this sentence functions as a historical present; it is a present tense that functions like a past tense.

Question 6 ., AAI-3S from , I depart.TS: -AU: TF: noneCV: PE: ()

Question 6 .

The stem ends in a velar (), so velar + ., AMI-3S from , I begin, I rule.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 6 .

The aorist tense formative changes to in the active 3S., AAI-3S from , I do, I make.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE: ()

Question 6 .And he departed and he began to preach in the Decapolis how much Jesus did for him.

Question 7 (come!) . ., PAI-3S from : + + , he/she/it says., PMV-2P from : + + . In form, it is identical to the 2P indicative., PAI-3S from : + + , he/she/it remains/abides.

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Question 7 (come!) . ., FMI-2P from , I see.TS: AU: none TF: ( + )CV: PE:

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Question 7 (come!) . . is AAI-3P from and is AAI-3P from . They are both second aorists, but here they merge second aorist stems with the distinctive of first aorist forms. This happens occasionally with second aorists in the New Testament.

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Question 7 (come!) . . is a liquid aorist, so the TF is just , not ., AAI-3P from , I remain, I abide.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

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Question 7 (come!) . .He said to them, Come and you will see. Therefore, they came and saw where he was staying, and they stayed with him that day. in this sentence functions as a historical present; it is a present tense that functions like a past tense.

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Question 8 , ., AAI-1S from , I write.TS: AU: TF: ( + )CV: nonePE:

Question 8 , . is RAS-2P from the root , meaning you may know. is PAI-2P from , meaning you have. looks like a PAI-3P, but it is actually a participle in this sentence. You will learn them in chapters 26-30.

Question 8 , .I wrote these things to you in order that you might know that you have eternal life, to those who believe in the name of the Son of God.

Question 9 ., AAI-3P from , I send.TS: -AU: TF: (liquid verb)CV: nonePE:

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Question 9 ., AAI-3P from , I do, I make.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

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Question 9 ., AAI-3P from , I teach.TS: AU: TF: ( + )CV: nonePE:

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Question 9 . is PMI-3P from , meaning they gathered. The formation is - + + .

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Question 9 .And the apostles gathered with [lit. to] Jesus, and they reported to him all thingshow much they did and how much they taught.

means how much or as much as. The idea is that they told him all that they did and taught. They told him everything.36

Question 10a , , , ; , FAI-3P from , I say.TS: AU: noneTF: (liquid verb)CV: ( )PE: ()Intervocalic sigma in drops out, and contracts to .

Question 10a , , , ; , AAI-1P from , I prophesy.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 10a , , , ; , AAI-1P from , I cast out.TS: -AU: TF: noneCV: PE:

Question 10a , , , ; , AAI-1P from , I do, I make.TS: AU: TF: CV: nonePE:

Question 10a , , , ; Many will say to me on that day, Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and did we not cast out demons in your name, and did we not do many miracles in your name?

Question 10b ., FAI-1S from , I say, I confess.TS: AU: noneTF: CV: nonePE:

Question 10b .

Another possible explanation is that takes ordinary connective vowels, which contract with , always resulting in . Thus + + + ., AAI-1S from , I know.TS: AU: TF: none CV: nonePE:

Question 10b .And then I will say to them, [lit. that] I never knew you.

Questions 11-20You should have the idea by now. For the remaining questions, we shall be less complete in providing the morphological breakdown, but we will explain the formation of the verbs using an easy-to-follow system.

Question 11 , . (AAI-3P) is a liquid verb, formed from -. The TF is instead of . (IAI-3S) from : + + + (). (AAI-3P) from the root . (>) + + , they heard.

Question 11 , .The evil [men] seven men and one womanthey killed but the people of God were remaining in the church because there they heard the gospel of life.

Question 12 . (AAI-3S) from : + + + . Remember: + . (PAI-3S) from : + + . Contraction happens right to left, so + .

Question 12 .For Peter wrote to [those] in Jerusalem that he is doing many [and] great miracles in the Holy Spirit. Glory [be] to God.

Question 13 ., from + + + (), is AAI-3S. The contract vowel lengthens before the TF. is from , I glorify. The root is . Now + = , so + + + () is the formation. It is AAI-3S, he glorified.

Question 13 .And he made him one of his friends and he glorified him with great glory.

Question 14 . is AAI-2P from the root . (>) + + is from , I send. It is a liquid verb; the aorist stem is -. Liquids use the tense formative is instead of , which in the 3S is () instead of ().

Question 14 .And you did not hear [= listen to]the voice of the Lord, by which he sent me to you.

Question 15 . is AAI-3S from . The root is . When the TF is added, + = . Thus + + + (). is AAI-3S from . The tense stem is . When the TF is added, + = . Hence, it is + + + ().

Question 15 .And Moses wrote this song in that day and he taught it to the sons of Israel.

Question 16 . is AAI-3P from , I speak. The formation is completely regular: + + + . The contract vowel lengthens before the TF.

Question 16 .And they spoke to himthe word of the Lord with all those in his house[hold].

Question 17 , (to save). is AAI-3S from , I save. Like many words with present stems ending in , the root ends in a dental . Then + = . Hence + + + () is an aorist active infinitive, to be covered in chapter 32.

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Question 17 , (to save).He saved others; [but]he is not able to save himself.

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Question 18 . ., AAI-3P from (I see). +++, API-3P from (to stir up/ to trouble). + + + ., AAI-3S from , I speak. + + + ().

Question 18 . .For all saw him and they were troubled. And he immediately spoke with them.

Question 19 , , , . is AAI-3S from , I know. The root is . This is root aorist; the second personal endings are added directly to the stem: + + . is AAI-1S: + + .: + + , where is the alternative 3P ending to .

Question 19 , , , . is AAI-2P from , I send. Since it is a liquid aorist, the tense formative is instead of . + + + +

Question 19 , , , .Righteous Father, even the world has not known you, but I have known you, and these have known that you have sent me.

Question 20a . . is PAI-2P from , I seek. + + . is RAI-1S, from , I speak (see chap. 25). is PAI-2P from , I do, I make. + + .

Question 20a . . is AAI-1S from , I hear. + + , with the lengthening of to as vocalic augment. is AAI-3S from , I do, I make. + + + (). The TF changes to in the 3S.

Question 20a . . But now you are seeking to kill me, a man who has spoken to you the truth, which I heard from God. Abraham did not do this. You are doing the works of your father.

Question 20b .

. , . is AAI-3P from , I say. The original root was , but digamma dropped out. Although a second aorist, it takes as a connecting vowel, a merger of first and second aorist forms. The form is thus + + + . is the 3S, with reg. CV.

Question 20b .

. , . is IAI-2P from , I love. Form: + + , with the vocalic augment ( ). contract to . is AAI-3P from , I depart. Form: + + + , with the vocalic augment ( ).

Question 20b .

. , .Therefore, they said to him, We have not been born out of fornication. We have one fatherGod.Jesus said to them, If God was your father, you would have loved me, for I came from God.