HISTORY OF PHOTOJOURNALISM

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1839: CAMERA OBSCURA

▪Camera obscura works on the Daguerreotype process. It is a sophisticated process requiring knowledge of physical and chemical phenomenon. It uses chemicals such as silver plated sheets of copper, hypo and mercury fumes. Although this was a complex process, it was a huge advancement at that time.

Image : Camera Obscura

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1848: WET COLLOIDAL PROCESS

▪The wet plate process was used by Roger Fenton to cover the Crimea War. It required preparing glass plates before taking the photos and using chemicals after taking a photo. Photojournalists had to carry large equipment with them to take photos. However, it allowed photojournalists a portable way to take images anywhere.

Image : Wet Colloidal Process

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1871 : DRY PLATE COLLOIDAL PROCESS

▪Unlike the wet plate process, this process consisted of already prepared plates using gelatin. Exposure took 5-7 minutes and was slower than the wet plate process. However, by 1880, dry plates became as fast as wet plates, and the cumbersome wet plate died out. This enabled photographers to create already prepared plates to take photographs and improve photojournalism efficiency.

Image : Dry Plate Colloidal Process

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1888: BLACK AND WHITE ROLL FILM

▪Eastman introduced the first roll film known as the box camera. He marketed the film in his own camera, called a Kodak. It was a very small camera, with the slogan, "You push the button and we do the rest!" The camera came with 100 exposures, and after you'd shoot them, you returned the entire thing to Eastman for processing. It was also affordable for the masses and did not involve the use of chemicals.

Image : Box Camera

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1925:LEICA CAMERAThe invention of the Leica 35 mm camera collided with modern printing techniques, and ledto the birth of Time magazine. Leica was in the shape of a rectangular box with the supply of surplus film in 35 mm format. This invention truly revolutionized the field of photojournalism. Its size made it easy to carry, and provided photojournalists with the freedom to take many shots. Later versions of this camera introduced the interchangeable lens.

Image : Leica Camera

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1930: SPEED GRAPHIC CAMERA

▪This was the dominant, portable, professional camera from the 1930's through the end of the 1950's. It came with interchangeable lenses and a double extension bellows adaptable to lenses from 90mm to over 300mm. This camera was used by Weegee. By this time, flashpowders were used to take images during the night time.

Image : Weegee with his camera

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1948: SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA

▪Single Lens cameras used a prism and mirror mechanism, in which the image you saw was the image you take. It does not have a viewfinder; therefore, it was also considered a step backward in technology. In previous cameras, there were two different lens for viewing and image taking.

Image : Single Lens Camera

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1970: ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER

▪Although newspapers in electronic format first appeared in the 1970s, online delivery of news emerged in the 1990s. In these early versions, the content was text-based, and was delivered from online services such as America Online . In 1994, less than 10 newspapers were available to the public through the World Wide Web. However, online newspapers demonstrated rapid growth by the end of the 1990s and by mid 2001, more than 3,400 newspapers were online.

▪ Image:Electronic newspaper

Image: Electronic newspaper

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1975: DIGITAL SINGLE REFLEX CAMERA

▪Digital single lens cameras use the mechanism of a single lens and a digital screen; photographers see the image through the same lens. In addition, photojournalists did not have to wait for the image to be processed as they could see it directly in the screen. The use of memory cards increased the number of images photojournalists could take.

Image : Digital single reflex camera

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2005: WI-FI ENABLED DSLR

▪Wi-fi enabled DSLRs were a huge advancement in terms of transferring images. Photojournalist used to depend upon runners and pigeons for transfering images to be published. They no longer had to wait for transmission of their rolling films and printing, as during the Secon World War.

Image : Wi-Fi enabled DSLR

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2007: IPHONES

In 2007, Steve Jobs introduced an Iphone with a camera capable of taking powerful photographs. Initially,the Iphone camera was 2 mega pixels, but modern versions of thecamera are more powerful. Some are even concerned that one day the Iphone may totally replace modern cameras and be a part of people’s phone.

Image : Iphone

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2000 : DRONE CAMERAS

▪There are debates going on about the use of drones in photojournalism. I believe the use of drones can be used to cover news in war areas and save the lives of many photojournalists. It is capable of becoming the next innovation in the field of Photojournalism.

Image : Drone Camera

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▪Works Cited▪https://aehistory.wordpress.com/1700/01/01/1700-camera-obscura-in-drawing-process/artist-using-camera-obscura/▪http://media.gizmodo.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/p1040627.jpg▪https://contrastique.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/nr4757_jeffersoncleaningplates_lr.jpg▪https://hiveminer.com/Tags/1938,camera/Interesting ▪https://www.google.com/search?q=leica&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj39dD

BrrXRAhWK8CYKHWiJBKoQ_AUICCgD#imgrc=5TtuZHgb1J4m2M%3A▪https://www.google.com/search?q=weegee&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivs

N2wr7XRAhVDPCYKHaYJCfkQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=RqiA2IE9vdT7mM%3A▪https://www.google.com/search?

q=single+lens+reflex+camera&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ0OyDsbXRAhXJ2yYKHQhjAj0Q_AUIBygC#imgrc=haLFQtJzjcseWM%3A

▪https://www.google.com/search?q=electronic+newspaper&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtmYqYvLXRAhWGSSYKHZQsBGEQ_AUICSgC&biw=1280&bih=726&dpr=2#imgrc=n6OOr7uZK0KA1M%3A

▪https://www.google.com/search?q=digital+single+lens+reflex+camera+definition&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSxobDsrXRAhVESiYKHXrcDUgQ_AUIBygC#imgrc=RUzBMywSFbS82M%3A

▪https://www.google.com/search?q=digital+single+lens+reflex+camera+definition&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=726&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSxobDsrXRAhVESiYKHXrcDUgQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&q=wifi+enabled+dslr&imgrc=ys4tVk45OqeSBM%3A

▪https://www.google.com/search?q=iphone&biw=615&bih=699&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVzN7OtbXRAhUGbSYKHTONBIcQ_AUICCgD&dpr=2

▪https://www.google.com/search?q=iphone&biw=615&bih=699&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVzN7OtbXRAhUGbSYKHTONBIcQ_AUICCgD&dpr=2#tbm=isch&q=drones&imgrc=F6n6T8dbuFGT7M%3A

▪https://wyostatearchives.wordpress.com/2014/09/04/you-push-the-button-we-do-the-rest/▪http://fdt.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/fdt/article/view/4902/1758