Module 3. Situational Analysis

ORIENTATIONSituational Analysis

Objectives:Main objectives:Assessing resources and resource uses;Generating map with the proposed protection and production forestlands; Identifying problems, issues, and opportunities based on current situations and resource uses;Assessing stakeholders and institutions andGenerating proposed allocation (tenure) of forestland.*

Review current forestland assets (1) biophysical resources(2) social/cultural/economic resources and (3) institutional resourcesReview trends/changes in resource assetsAgree on criteria and identify primary management zones (protection & production)Consider relationships/conflicts among users and stakeholders & capabilities of resource institutions to manage the LGUs forestlandIdentify possible problems/ issues, needs and opportunities

Methods:

Expected outputs. . .A matrix showing the forest and forestland assets of LGU, current locations, quantity and historical trends of these assets; List of stakeholders and users of assets, their interests and relations with other stakeholders;An analysis of the capabilities of institutions involved in forestland management particularly the DENR and the LGUs;Identification of protection and production areas based on national policies and local ordinances and policies;Identified threats to forestland and forest including problems, issues, needs and opportunities in the management of the LGUs FFL; andInitial proposed allocation of LGUs forestland (tenure)

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PROTECTION& PRODUCTIONSituational Analysis

Total land areaA & D landsMineral landsProtected areas/ National parksForestlandsProtection forestsProduction forestsWPAsTree plantationsGrazingAgroforestryOther usesSPZMUZAgricultureConstitutionNIPAS, DAO 2008-26 & EO 318DAO 95-15EO 23DAO 95-15SettlementConservation areasLEVEL OF FLUP

*National Policies Related to Allocation of Forestlands

*Constitutional Provision . . .Art. XII, Section 3. Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands and national parks. Agricultural lands of the public domain may be further classified by law according to the uses to which they may be devoted. Alienable lands of the public domain shall be limited to agricultural lands.

SEC. 5. Established and Extent of the System---The establishment and operationalization of the System shall involve the following:Areas or islands in the Philippines proclaimed, designated or set aside, pursuant to a law, presidential decree, presidential proclamation or executive order as national park, game refuge, bird and wildlife sanctuary, wilderness area, strict nature reserve, fish sanctuary, natural and historical landmark, protected and managed landscape/seascape as well as identified virgin forests before the effectivity of this Act are hereby designated as initial components of the System.*NIPAS

*DAO 2008-26 . . .Section 10.3. Each protected area shall be divided into two management zones:strict protection zone and multiple use zone consistent with its designated category.

*E.O. 318 . . .State forestlands shall be identified, classified and delineated/ demarcated on the ground and shall constitute the permanent forest estate, unless otherwise stipulated by Congress. The same shall be categorized and managed either as primarily for production or as primarily for protection purposes

*DAO 15-S.95 Sect 3. Definition of Terms Protection Forest- forestlands outside NIPAS obtained essentially for their beneficial influence on soil and water in particular and the environment in general. These are areas above 50% in slope and more than 1,000 meters specified width bordering rivers, streams, shoreline and reservoir, and steep, rocky areas and other naturally unproductive lands.

Production Forest - forestlands tended primarily for the production of timer. These areas below 50% slope and less than 1,000 meters in elevation. This includes natural and man-made forests.

*PD 1067 (1976) . . .Art. 51. The banks or rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is necessary for recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing or salvage or to build structures of any kind.

*E.O. 23Section 2. Moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in the natural forests. A moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in natural and residual forests of the entire country is hereby declared unless lifted after the effectivity of this Executive Order

*R.A. 8435 (AFMA (1997) SEC. 12. Protection of Watershed Areas. - All watersheds that are sources of water for existing and potential irrigable areas and recharge areas of major aquifers identified by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Environment and Natural resources shall be preserved as such at all times.

*DAO 15 Series of 1995 . . .Sec. 4 Sub - Classification Categories -subclassification shall be carried out within the inalienable lands of the public domain classified as forestlands, mineral lands and national park under Article XII, Section 3 of the new Constitution of the Philippines:

FORESTLANDS:a. Agriculturalb. Industrial or Commercialc. Residentiald. Resettlemente. Ancestral landsf. Grazingg. Protectionh. Productioni. Agro-forestj. Fishfarm/ fishponds*Forestlands. . .

The criteria for protection is derived from national laws and policies and complemented with local policies if any for example:>50% slope>1000 maslnatural forestshazard areas (buffer zone)river easements (40m/20m)springs (buffer zone)lakes, caves, waterfalls (buffer zone)rocky and naturally unproductive areascatchments of water sources/springs (water production area map)

Criteria:

StepsSituational Analysis

STEPS of Situational Analysis Orientation and preparation of data for analysis

Final data:14 Thematic Maps2 Derived MapsForestland AssetsCommunity ProfileInstitutional Profile

Situational analysis workshop (issues and opportunities) and proposed allocation

Consensus BuildingDENR Technical DiscussionC/MDC Meeting

Cross visit to LGU implementing FLUP

Community Profile14 Thematic MapsBio-Physical Profile/FFL AssetsORIENTATIONPREPARATION OF DATA FOR ANALYSISSTEP 1. Orientation and preparation of dataProtection vs ProductionWater Production (catchment, service areas)STEPS of Situational AnalysisAfter orientation check that information is available to produce 14 thematic maps, 2 derived maps, community profile

STEP 2. Finalization of data for analysis14 Thematic MapsDerived MapsCommunity ProfileInstitutional ProfileBio-Physical Profile/FFL AssetsSTEPS of Situational AnalysisFinalize: 14 thematic maps, 2 derived maps, community profile, complete institutional profile

14 Thematic MapsANALYSIS of ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIESSTEP 3. Situational Analysis workshop Analysis of Issues and Opportunities & Proposed AllocationProtection vs ProductionWater Production AreasCommunity ProfileInstitutional ProfilePROPOSED ALLOCATIONORIENTATIONtoALLOCATION OPTIONSIssues&OpportunitiesSTEPS of Situational AnalysisCombine data, analyze and derive main issues, constraints and opportunities, after orientation to allocation options propose appropriate allocation for open access areas

STEP 4. Consensus Buildingto agree FINAL ALLOCATION and propose strategies1 day Technical Discussion with DENR1 day Presentation to C/MDCPROPOSED ALLOCATIONINITIAL SUPPORT STRATEGIESFOR STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTEPS of Situational AnalysisPresent the results of SA to DENR and Municipal Development Council, finalize allocation and get feedback. Cross visit to LGU implementing FLUP is also recommended at this stage. It will help MTWG to draft strategies during the next module.

Finalization of Data for Situational Analysis

WORKSHOP 1. Finalization of dataParticipants are divided into three working groups:Mapping Group to produce table on biophysical profile Community Profiling Group to check/finalise the data from Community Profile and findings of FGDInstitutional Profiling Group to produce institutional profile with the help of facilitators

GROUP 1. FORESTLAND ASSETSBIO-PHYSICAL PROFILE

Forest and Forestland Assets Bio-PhysicalIdentify Current Resource Assets and how much is available land, water bodies and watersheds, natural forests, plantations, biodiversity resources, nature based tourism assets, grazing, minerals, grassland/ brushlands, cultivated forestlands, etc (use thematic maps)

Determine the extent of these resources and where these are located - (area) & barangay locations.

(Overlay resource thematic maps and barangay admin map) Forest and Forestland Assets Bio-Physical

FFL Assets by barangay

FFL AssetsWatershed AWatershed BWatershed CWatershed NTotal Land Area- Forest lands- A & D landsWater bodies - Rivers and creeks (kms.)Natural Forests - Upland (ha) - Mangroves (ha)PlantationsWater infrastructures- irrigation (no.)- domestic water reservoirs (no.)- hydro power (no.)Water production - catchment areas (ha) - irrigated areas (ha) - springs (no.)

Biodiversity assets- proclaimed protected areas (ha)- known habitats of endangered species (ha. or no.)- closed canopy forests (ha)- mangrove forests (ha)- identified endangered species (no. & names)Nature-based tourism assets- caves (no.)- water falls (no.)- lakes (no.)- other assetsGrasslands & brushlandsForestland under cultivation (perennial, agricultural)Active mining areas and quarryOther FFL assets

GROUP 2. FORESTLAND ASSETSCOMMUNITY PROFILE

Community ProfilePopulation, growth rates, densityHousehold sizeMigrationIncome and sourcesMajor crops and livestock raisedHousing materialsFuelwood sourcesWood based industries Tenure statusEtc.

Community Profile1. Finalize table on minimum community profile

NOInformation Barangay 1Comparison to FGDBarangay 2Comparison to FGDBarangay NComparison to FGDSOURCE1.1.Total population1.2.Total hh1.3.Population density1.4.Population growth rate1.5.HH size1.6.Migration rate 2.1.Average Income2.2.Main income sources2.3.Major crops cultivated2.4.Main type of livestock raised3.1.Housing materials3.2.Fuelwood sources3.3.Wood industries/business

Population Growth Simple Calculation

Barangays(a)Total Area in ha.(b) PopulationDensity in ha/ person(e = b/d)Annual growth rate in % f = {{(d-c)/c}/no of years}1002000(c)2007***(d)Aglipay24,08421,77425,0690.962.1Cabarroguis18,22025,81428,0240.651.23Diffun30,61839,48542,9580.711.26Maddela*65,23232,19833,6371.940.64Nagtipunan**160,74017,02720,4437.862.87Saguday6,82412,21713,4790.501.47TOTAL305,718150,515163,6101.861.24

Community Profile2. Complete summary table of FGD discussion

QNOInformation Barangay 1Further comments/ % when applicable1Sitio/Purok with FL2.1.Location of remaining forest2.1.Current condition of forest2.2.20 years ago2.2.10 years ago2.2.5 years ago2.2.Reasons for decrease/increase2.3.Main timber species2.4.NTFP2.5.Widlife2.6.Flora3.1.Location of plantation forest3.2.History of who, when, what was planted3.3.Current condition reasons for decrease/increase3.4.Current management, tenure, plans, utilization4.1.Location and names of rivers and creek4.2.Location and names of springs

GROUP 3. FORESTLAND ASSETSINSTITUTIONAL PROFILE

Institutional ProfileIdentify institutions and other stakeholders involved in the management of FFL by virtue of their mandates and interests in FFLIdentify their past and current activities in FFM, their resources (organizational units, personnel, and budgets), FFM skillsAssess if there are conflicts among stakeholders and if there are mechanisms for stakeholders collaboration in FFM.

Institutional Profile

institutions/ StakeholdersMandate/ interestsFFM units/ Staff/ man-powerFunds/ Annual Budget on FFMPast/ current FFM activitiesFFM SkillsPolicies/ Plans related to FFMRemarks (any conflict w/ other stakeholdersDENRPLGUsMLGUBLGUPOsNGOs

others

Preparationfor Situational Analysis

HOMEWORKPreparation for analysisPrior to Situational Analysis Mapping Group will 1) Produce two derived maps:Protection vs. Production MapWater Production Area Map2) Through map overlays fill three derived tables:current landuse in each management allocationdistribution of tenured/allocated areascurrent landuse in open access area3) When data available produce table to show trends/changes in vegetative cover esp forest cover

Categorize forestlands into protection and production forestlands based on agreed criteria.>50% slope>1000 maslnatural forestshazard areas (buffer zone)river easements (40m/20m)springs (buffer zone)catchments of water sources & springs (water production area map)lakes, caves, waterfalls (buffer zone)rocky and naturally unproductive areasPROTECTION vs PRODUCTION MAPProtection vs Production MapWATER PRODUCTION AREA (WPA) MAP

Land Use in each Management Allocation

RESOURCE ASSETS Current UsesTOTAL AREA/ NO.Natural forestsBrush landPlantationsAgro forestryRice landsCorn landsSugar caneGrass landRockyBuilt upOther usesLand resources A & D landsProtected areasForestlands Protection forestlands Production forestlandsSubtotalWater prodn catchments

Distribution ofAllocated/Tenured Areas

AllocationBrgy1Brgy 2BrgyNTotal Protection (ha)Total Production (ha)Grand Total (ha)Dominant land usePAForestlandCBFMACSCIFMAetc

Land Use in Open Access Areas

Brgy1Brgy 2BrgyNTotalOpen access FFLTotal Area (ha)Land UseNatural forests Upland MangroveBrushlandPlantationsPerennial/AgroforestryRice landsCorn landsSugar caneGrass landRockyBuilt upOther uses

Trends in loss of forest cover other FFL assets*Identify trends/changes in vegetative cover(a) Prepare resource change map by overlaying resource map in two time periods change can be calculated by barangay; (b) Key informant interviews and FGDs could be used also to give indications of trends/ changes.*when available

Trends in loss of forest cover other FFL assets

Vegetative cover change per barangay (ha)Brgy1Brgy2TotalFFL Assets19872003loss/gain19872003loss/ gain19872003loss/ gainForest cover total - Upland- MangrovesForest cover in water production catchmentsGrasslands & brushlandsCultivated lands - in forestlands- in A&D landsOther FFL assets(no vegetation))*Include those that available

SituationalAnalysisGuiding Questions

Map OverlaysOverlay Protection vs Production Map with other themes as indicatedConsider Trends when information is availableSupport analysis with results from the Community Profile/FGD to explain Issues/Threats and Opportunities in each

USE OUTLINE FOR FLUP CHAPTER 2. TO RECORD ANALYSIS

Water ProductionWhere are water sources? How are these managedWhat is the land use of catchment areas? Extent of unsustainable practises on catchment areas?What are the issues/conflicts in management?

Threats/Issues in Protection(watershed/drainage map, springs-micro catchment areas/springs-lakes-falls-caves map, settlement map, land use map, FFL assets, FGD summary)

Threats/Issues in ProtectionNatural Forests and BiodiversityWhere are forest areas? Is deforestation a threat in the LGUs forestland? What are the reasons? Forest based livelihoods? What are its implications? look at trends in cultivated areas in forestlands; number of wood based industries and furniture makers, use of firewood and wood for constructionWhere are important biodiversity areas? How current land use practises, population impacts these? What are the issues/conflicts in management?(forest cover map, trends, land use map, settlement map, infrastructure/road map, FFL assets, FGD summary)

Other Environmental Assets (caves, falls, lakes)Where are other environmental assets located? How are these managed? What are threats to these areas?- Accessibility- Vandalism- Wastes and pollution

Threats/Issues in Protection(springs-lakes-falls-caves map, land use map, infastructure/road map, FFL assets, FGD summary)

Threats/Issues in LanduseLand Use in Forestland What is the current vegetative cover/land use in forestland? How well this responds to protection and production zones? Where and what are the main issues? (land use map, settlement map, watershed map)

Plantations/Orchards/Perennial Crops/AgricultureWhere are important production forest/agro-forestry/agriculture areas? Where are areas that are underutilised (brush lands/grasslands)? What are the issues/conflicts in management?- Pests- Fire- Declining local interests in plantations- Infertile soil- Competing land uses- Inaccessibility- Low product prices, etc.

Threats/Issues in Production(land use map, settlement map, infrastructure/road map, FGD summary)

Other UsesWhere are other areas that forestland resources are being utilised (settlements, mining, quarry, agro-industry etc.) What are the issues/conflicts in management?

Threats/issues in Production/Other Uses(land use map, mining map, infrastructure map, FGD summary)

Hazard AreasHave there been natural calamities in past ten years? Where are the hazardous areas located? How are these linked to land use practises? How are the upstream practises affecting downstream communities? How many people live in hazardous areas (steep slopes, flood prones areas)? How many people are in immediate danger?

Threats/Issues in Protection(hazard map, land use map, settlement map, watershed map, FGD summary)

Users of Forestland AssetsIssues and OpportunitiesForestland occupantsHow many people depend on forestland resources? Who are they? What are their practices? What income sources they depend on? How has their income changed during the past years? What is estimated no of hh are located in forestland?Are social and infrastructure services reaching forestland areas supporting or preventing development? Where are the main issues?Do they have tenure or rights for utilizing and benefiting from land and resources? If they have what are their capacities in managing these areas?

(land use map, infrastructure map, community profile, tenure map, institutional profile, FGD summary)

AllocationTenuredWhere are tenured/allocated areas (protection vs production)? What are the agreed plans for management of these areas? Are tenured areas managed as agreed? If not what prevents/supports sustainable management?

Open AccessWhere are open access areas located (protection vs production)? What are the current land uses on these areas? Are there settlements in these areas?

Tenured and Open AccessWhere are the main areas of conflicts on boundary (municipal and barangay level), claims, tenure rights, absentee claimants/tenants, migration? How these are handled?

Users of Forestland AssetsIssues and OpportunitiesOther stakeholdersHow interests of other forestland stakeholders (non forestland occupants such as LGU, DENR, absentee claimants, business, populations downstream) are met in the current management/land use? How these interests could be used to improve management/productivity? How these could prevent future interventions?

(land use map, community profile, tenure map, institutional profile, FGD summary)

Summary Threats and OpportunitiesIssues/problems/ concernsDeclining natural forests?Degraded watersheds/ water production areas?Inadequate protection of biodiversity resources?Declining wood resources?Destruction of nature tourism assets?Low productivity? Underutilized areas?Inadequate institutional arrangements and capacity?

2. Opportunities for improved forest managementPotential areas for plantationsEco-tourism potentialInterested investorsAvailable external supportMarketsPotentials for financing: PESLGU support

Allocation of Forestland

Open Access areas have not been allocated for a certain use or tenure arrangement. tenured or allocated but abandoned or not managed in accordance with agreed management plansThe FLUP aims to bring these areas under proper management. The areas without official allocation can be allocated/tenured.

Rationale for Land allocationThe resource managers can provide effective and responsible on-site management.The allocation to on site managers will provide the ultimate enforcement mechanism as they exercise their rights and privileges over the forest and forestlands assigned to them.

Main Allocation Instruments in Negros Oriental

NEGROS ORIENTALTotal hectares

Forestland281,390 Protected Area12,127 CBFMA25,800 IFMA3,000 CSC9,200Tamlang Valley Development23,000Co-Management74,222Untenured134,031

Decision on AllocationSince different types of tenure instruments have varied purposes and uses, first it is necessary to consider if areas to be allocated are mainly under production or protection areas.

Allocation of forestlandAllocation to communitiesCommunity-based forest Management Agreement (CBFMA)Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT) Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Agreement (PACBRMA)

1. Allocation to Communities

2. Allocation to InvestorsIntegrated forest Management Agreement (IFMA)Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement (SIFMA)Small Scale Mining (permit)Foreshore LeaseFishpond Lease

Allocation of forestland

2. Allocation to Investors

3. Allocation to Local Government Units (LGUs)Communal ForestCommunity Watershed AreasCo-Management Agreements

Allocation of forestland

3. Allocation to LGU

4. Allocation to address needs for public goodDeclaration of watershed reservations, biodiversity reserves, other protected areas

5. Allocation to other Government AgenciesAcademic Research Agreement(ARA)Land Grant (e.g. UP Los Banos (UPLB), granted jurisdiction over the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve.Special programs of DENR to other Government Agencies and private entities/also possible under CMA

Allocation of forest land

4. Allocation to address needs for Public Good

5. Allocation to Other Government Agencies

Types of allocation instrumentsProtected areasProtection forestlandsProduction forestlandsAllocation to other government agenciesSpecial programs and agreements with universities and other government ageniciesGrants to government corporationsCivil/ Military reservationsAcademic research agreement

Decision on AllocationSTEPS FOR ALLOCATIONdefine critical allocation decision areas in forest lands and indicate their location in mapsexamine the decision areas, describe the problem, identify and evaluate options and make recommendations (the discussions and agreed recommendations are to be documented) evaluate the preliminary land allocation based on environmental, legal, equity, economic and political considerationsvalidate, refine and finalize the recommended allocations, along with the map

DATA TO SUPPORT DISCUSSIONTwo tables* prepared by the mapping team together with tenure map & landuse map can be used during discussionFurther information available:institutional profile (resources/capacities of current tenure holders)agreements and plans/RMP of tenure holderssettlement map/hh locationsknowledge of participants on forestland claims*1) Distribution of allocated areas, 2) Landuse in open access areas

Distribution ofAllocated/Tenured Areas

AllocationBrgy1Brgy 2BrgyNTotal Protection (ha)Total Production (ha)Grand Total (ha)Dominant land usePAForestlandCBFMACSCIFMAetc

Land Use in Open Access Areas

Brgy1Brgy 2BrgyNTotalOpen access FFLTotal Area (ha)Land UseNatural forests Upland MangroveBrushlandPlantationsPerennial/AgroforestryRice landsCorn landsSugar caneGrass landRockyBuilt upOther uses

Decision on AllocationThere are four allocation decision areas that should be examined, namely: Unallocated FL with conflicting claims Unallocated FL with one claimant Unallocated forest lands without claims Tenured forest lands without effective management Each allocation decision area as reflected in the map should be examined separately.

For tenured but unmanaged forest lands, for example, some of the questions that should be discussed are: What is the existing tenure, who is the current tenure holder, when is existing tenure instrument expiring?Why is the area considered unmanagedWhat are options to put the area under effective management? What are advantages and disadvantages of each option?What measures should be taken to ensure effective area management?

Decision on Allocation

THANK YOU

*Open Access areas are parts of forestlands that have not been allocated for a certain use or tenure arrangement. Tenured or allocated forestlands that are abandoned or not managed in accordance with agreed uses or management plans by the current holders of tenure/allocation instruments are likewise considered as under open access conditions.The areas that are already managed, but dont have a tenure can be allocated. Through proper allocation the forestland occupants can get tenurial rights to utilize the land in condition that they follow national laws and sustainable land use, which is identified through the FLUP process.At the same time during the FLUP those areas already tenured, but not properly managed can be identified, so that DENR and LGU can jointly take necessary actions to bring these under proper management as agreed in the management plan of the area.

*To close open access, forest and forestlands have to be allocated to resource managers who can provide effective and responsible on-site management. Management includes protection, development, rehabilitation, production and harvesting, and other technically-accepted forest management activities.

Allocating forestlands to resource managers will provide the ultimate enforcement mechanism as they exercise their rights and privileges over the forest and forestlands assigned to them.

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